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NEGATIVE 


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Author: 

U.S.  Bureau  of  the 
Census 

Title: 

Fisheries  of  the  United 

States,  1908 

Place: 

Washington,  D.C. 

Date: 

1911 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 
PRESERVATION  DIVISION 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC  MICROFORM  TARGET 


MASTER  NEGATIVE  « 


ORIGINAL  MATERIAL  AS  FILMED  -  EXISTING  BIBUOGRAPHIC  RECORD 


302.3 
Un37 


U.  S.  Bureau  of  the  census. 

prfat^lMl"'      ^"'^""^  Washington,  Govt 

324  p.  incl.  tables.  30*". 

Made  in  cooperation  with  tUe  Bureau  of  fislierlea 


tJteheries-U.  S.  i.  U.  S.  Bureau  of  fisheries,  n.  TiUe. 
Library  of  Congress 


U— 8S829 


HA201 1900.82  fa 
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ColumWa  ®nttif  rsfftp 

THE  LIBRASIES 


School  of  Business 


lictt<Nri  of  Biislnem  Ltbruy 
Columbk  Univeroitj 


OCT  2  1  1942 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE  AND  LABOR 

BUREAU  OF  THE  CENSUS 

E.  DANA  DURAND,  DIRECTOR 

SPECIAL  REPORTS 

Fisheries 
OF  THE  United  States 

1908 


» . « «  t  •  * 


WASHIMCTON 
GOVERNMENT  PRINTIMG  OmCB 
19U 


CONTENTS. 


CHAFTBB  I. 

iMTBODUCnOM. 


Scope  and  method  

Clommon  namee  

OoMpMim  Willi  aliliilioi  «f  iwvkas  cut' 


of  tiM  Hailed  StatM,  by  HMm:  ItaS . 


G&AJPTEB  II. 
SuMMJunr  OF  ScAnams. 


GHAfTSR  m. 

BiMWM,  AND  WaOM. 


Persons  employed  

Froprietora  and  independent  fishennen. 


OBAFTBBIV. 


Vessels  and  boats  

Vessels  and  boats,  by  diviaionB  

Apparatus  of  captan  

Shore  and  accessory  property  and  cash  

Table  1.— Equipment  and  other  capital:  1906 
Table  2.— Apparatus  of  capture:  1906. 
1IAI»8.--]l«iriMr. 


boate:  1M6  

OHAFTBB 


Table  1.— ProductB,  by  general  daom:  lt06  and  1160  to  MW  

lUUa  2.— -PioductB,  by  species  and  by  geog^^hic  divisions:  1908  

Table  3  — Products,  by  class  of  fisheries,  apparatus  of  capture,  and  geographic  divisions:  1908. 

Table  4.— Products,  by  species  and  by  apparatus  of  capture:  1908  

tiRUeS.— FtedMCIa— ItaiyiaiumiiHy.byalata  1M8  

IbyiMM:  M08  


GHAFTBR  VI 

Page. 

Alewives  

Bluefiah   48 

Bnfialofiflb   « 

  49 


Carp  

Catfishes   51 

Clams  •   52 

Oad   52 

Crabs   ^ 

Flounders   56 

Baddotk  

Hake  •   57 

Halibut   57 

Herring.   58 

Uiwheni^.....   59 

Lake  trout   ^0 

Lobster   •! 

Lolwter,  spiny  


Mackerel.. 
Menhaden. 
Mulleta.... 

Mussels. . . 


Oyster  

Kke  pecches. 

Pollack  

Salmon  

Shad  


Shrimp  aad  ptaim. 

Skins  


Snappers  

Sponge  

Squeteague  

Sturgeons  

Whale  products. 
Whitefili  


(XMrrENTS. 


CHAPTER  VII. 

FlSHSBIU,  BT  StaXM. 


Arkansas  

Califocnia. . . 
Coonecticiit. 
Delaware.... 


79 
82 
84 
91 
96 


Florida...    100 

Geoigia  


Kentucky. 
Louiauuu. 


110 
113 
120 
124 
126 
127 
130 
138 
145 
152 
165 
173 

m 


Miseouri   ]^ 

Nebraska   tgg 

New  Hampshire   ]f9 

New  Jersey   igg 

NevYoik  .....,[[.  196 

North  GwoitDA.   ni 

Ohio   217 

Oklahoma   221 

Oregon  ;   22I 

Pennsylvania  

Rhode  Island  

Sooth  GsrotiiM   fgj 

South  Dakolft.   §^ 

Tennessee   242 

Texas   ^ 

Virginia.  

Washinf^ton   ]|f 

West  Virginia   tf% 

  m 


Gomparisoa  with  earlier  caavaom. 

Staii-iirs,  by  geograj 
Producu^,  by 
Salmon. . 


CHAPTER  VIII. 
Canning  and  PiunmviNO. 


»1 


Cod  

Oysters  

Shrimp  and  |xawn 
TUMe  I. — Fish  and  o' 


[tie  <rf  food  pfodocta:  1MB. 


CompariaiMi  with  domestic  production. 

1  flf  msfoiXa  and  imports  


CHAPTER  IX. 
BzroBTB  a»D  Inoaro. 


Import.-*  

Table  1.— Exports  of  domestic  fishery  products:  1908,  1900,  and  1890   291 

Table  2.— Value  of  exports  of  domestic  fishery  products,  by  country  to  which  exported:  1908,  1900,  and  1890   291 

1ttl»S.-^kqMf«i«f  •AeryiKoiaeli.liyliadaBieiMi^  imported:  IMS,  IMS,  and  IMO  

t4.--Jt^ttiwmtt^^t^^pnime^hytmumTkmtyMA  Uapwted:  UW^  IMt;  Md  IM.  


S.->4Bchedules: 

Shore  and  boat  fishaies . 
Yeasel  fisheries  


APPENDICES. 

of  AlMika  in  1MB   297 


 :   Ml 

Im— Instnictions  to  special  agents   ....  303 

List  and  deacziptioa  ol  kinds  of  fiaii   997 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE  AND  LABOR, 

Bureau  of  the  Census, 

Sn: 

The  act  of  Congress  of  June  7,  1006,  provides  that  the  Bureau  of  the  Census  shall  take  decenmally,  in 
cooperation  with  the  Bureau  of  Fislieries,  a  census  of  the  fisliing  industry  of  the  United  States. 

I  have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  the  report  on  the  fisheries  of  the  United  States  for  the  calendar  year 
1908,  idiich  has  been  px^ajred  in  conformity  with  the  requirements  of  this  law.  The  report  presents  statistics 
eonoeniing  the  capital  invested  in  the  industry,  the  number  and  tonnage  of  vessels  and  boats  employed,  the 
character  of  the  apparatus  used  in  catching  fish,  the  nimiber  of  persons  employed,  salaries  and  wages  paid,  and 
the  quantity  and  value  of  the  different  varieties  of  products.  Statistics  of  this  character  are  collected  from 
time  to  time  by  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries,  and  as  far  as  possible  the  census  data  have  been  compared  with  those 
compiled  by  that  bureau.  In  order  to  preserve  this  comparability  and  also  to  comply  with  the  requirements 
of  the  law,  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries  was  consulted  in  regard  to  the  preparaticm  of  the  sdieduks,  aiid  sevenl 
employees  of  that  bureau  were  detailed  for  work  in  the  Bureau  of  the  Census.  Tliese  «nployees  rendered 
TaluaMe  assistance,  both  in  the  office  and  in  the  field.  The  statistics  were  coUected  and  the  lepoft  was  pi»- 
pared  under  the  supervision  of  Mr.  William  M.  Stauart,  chief  statistician  for  manufactures. 
Very  reiqpectfuUy, 


Dvreetor  of  Oi$  Cenmu. 

Hon.  Chablbs  Naokl, 

Seentary  cf  Commerce  and  Laior. 

0) 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CHAPTER  L 

INTRODUCTION. 


S0O]M  mni  mstkoi,'-TkB  pwmit  npoii  on  the  fish- 
eriee  of  the  United  States  relates  to  the  commercial 
fidieries  of  continental  United  States  for  the  calendar 
year  1908,  and  is  based  on  a  canvass  of  these  fisheries 
made  by  the  Bureau  of  the  Census  in  cooperation  with 
the  Bureau  of  Fisheries.  A  summary  of  the  statistics 
of  the  fisheries  of  Ahdu  is  given  in  the  appendix  on 
page  297,  and  in  Mme  of  the  tablea  in  the  diapter  on 
fmnnmfr  ^wH  |MPiwtiArving  figmw  fog  Aladca  are  inchided. 
The  lepoii  ia  designed  to  cover  shore  fisheries,  i.  e., 
Hiose  carried  on  from  shore  or  from  boats  of  less 
than  5  tons;  vessel  fisheries,  i.  e.,  those  conducted 
by  vessels  of  5  tons  and  over;  the  operations  of  ves- 
sels engaged  in  transporting  fish  fimn  tiie  iktfihig 
grounds,  bat  not  iwchidiiig  TeaMb  engaged  in  traaa- 
pcnrting  fish  from  port  to  port  aa  regular  frogjit.;  and 
the  business  of  packing  and  canning  houses.  The 
report  does  not  cover  the  operations  of  individuals, 
clubs,  etc.,  catching  fish  for  their  own  consumption  or 
for  sport,  or  the  business  of  those  who  deal  in  fijsh  prod- 
ucts simply  as  merchandise.  The  atatistics  are  for  the 
IniameeB  year  moat  neaify  eonlMnimg  to  the  yew 

Deeember  81, 1906;  such  data  as  relate  to  a  fixed 
time,  as  caah  <m  hand  and  value  of  property,  relate  to 
the  beginnii^  of  the  business  year  reported.  The 
statistics  as  to  the  products  include,  besides  the  quan- 
tity and  value  of  fish  products  proper,  the  number  or 
quantity  and  value  of  aquatic  mammals,  reptiles,  sheU^ 
fidi,  sponges,  etc.,  taken  during  the  year. 

Tlie  —  w&t  began  in  January  and  finished  in 
Anguat  of  1909.  In  order  that  it  might  be  made  thor- 
OU^y  and  rapidly,  the  entire  coimtry  was  divided  into 
districts,  to  each  of  which  one  or  more  special  agents 
were  assigned,  about  40  agents  in  all  being  employed. 
'  The  Census  Bureau  was  greatly  assisted  by  the  cooper- 
ation of  the  various  state  fish  oommisaionB  and  game 
waideaa,  with  wiiom  ekm&  relations  were  maintained. 
The  agents  were  furnished  with  lists  containing  the 
names  of  fishing  vessels  and  the  names  and  addresses 
of  the  owners.  They  were  instructed,  however,  not  to 
confine  their  investigation  to  the  names  on  these  lists, 
which  were  prepared  in  some  cases  from  reeords  sovend 
yeaia  old,  but  to  be  oonstantlj  on  the  alert  to  disoovw 
DMneli  lud  ertaWinhmentaepfflged  m  thefiabmgindus- 
try  wlndi  were  not  listed.  In  addition  to  securing  the 
infOfinatiMi  called  for  in  the  scheduleB  each  agent  waa 


leqnind  to  ot>tain  such  other  information  as  might 
prove  valuable  in  determining  the  general  condition 
and  tendencies  of  the  industry  in  the  section  of  the 
country  which  he  was  canvassing. 

A  census  of  fisheries  lb  attended  perhaps  witk  noM 
^HRmiitMMi  than  one  of  anj  other  indnatiy .  uanva—d 
by  the  Bmean  of  tke  Cenana.  Calling,  as  it  does,  for 
the  number  of  persons  employed  and  the  investment 
in  vessels,  outfits,  boats,  and  apparatus  of  capture  both 
ashore  and  afloat,  as  well  as  the  quantity  and  value  of 
all  commercial  products  of  the  seas,  lakes,  and  rivers,  it 
requires,  in  order  that  it  be  |xhaustive,  that  antorabe 
segued  not  only  from  all  proprietora  and  &nia  engagid 
in  the  fishing  busineeB,  Imt  also  from  afl  independent 
fidiermen  who  fish  for  profit.   With  respect  to  the 
vessel  fisheries  the  problem  was  comparatively  simple 
and  the  returns  may  be  considered  substantially  accu- 
rate.   All  fishing  craft  of  5  tons  or  over  are  required  to 
be  documented,  and  as  the  names  and  home  prate  of 
these  veaaeb  are  matteta  of  reeofd,  and  aaanoh  ▼eMail 
are  w^  known  to  the  princqtal  fishermen  and  fidi 
dealen  hving  in  the  diatiict  in  which  tiiey  operate, 
they  and  their  owners  could,  as  a  rule,  readily  be 
located  and  canvassed.    Moreover,  the  vessel  fisher- 
men usually  make  a  regular  business  of  fishing  and 
keep  books  of  record  showing  the  species,  amount,  and 
vahie  of  the  catdi  aa  well  aa  other  data  eaUed  for  in  tlia 
sdiednlea.  The  eanvaM  ia  likewise  essentiaUy  vmr 
plete  for  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  so  far  as  the  oper- 
ations of  conqpanies,  firms,  and  individuals  employing 
wage-earners  are  concerned,  for  these  are,  as  a  rule, 
located  at  the  fishing  centers  and  are  known  in  the  fish 
markets  of  their  respective  districts.   The  problem  of 
securing  reports  from  the  independwBt  fisheimen, 
those  1^  fish  alone  and  do  not  employ  others,  waa, 
however,  eq>ecia]lydiflBcult.  These  fishermen  are  aeat" 
tered  all  along  the  coast,  inlets,  and  waterways,  many 
of  them  away  from  general  routes  of  travel,  and  are 
consequently  difficult  of  access.    Their  occupation 
takes  them  away  from  home  much  of  the  time,  either 
in  fishing  or  in  transporting  thehr  catdi  to  mailBei; 
henoe,  with  theooipa  of  agenta  availabla  for  the  work, 
it  became  a  physical  inqposabilitf  to  make  a  pmnial 
canvass  of  each  and  every  fisherman  within  a  reason- 
able period  of  time,  as  in  order  to  do  this  an  agent 
would  have  had  to  make  repeated  trips  to  the  same 

(7) 


8 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES^  1908. 


locality  to  reach  fishermen  irk»  mn  MV»7  •!  tbe  ^t*^ 

of  former  visits.  In  such  cases  the  agent  xmatSty  waa 
able  to  secure  satisfactory  information  from  persons 
who  were  familiar  with  the  operations  of  the  fisher-  i 
■■i.  Ib  additioii  to  the  difficulty  just  indicated  in  : 
tagr  tnswtm  of  the  fiihenes,  a  source  of  «Tor  arises  in 
connectioii  intli  tihe  Aon  and  boat  Ihhiriea  horn  the 
fact  that  many  of  the  shore  and  boat  fiahcnaai  dp  not 
keep  records  of  the  catch,  but  ghre  tlie  iBfofnuUkto  to 
the  best  of  their  recollection. 

The  extent  to  whicli  the  independent  fishermen— 
ttl*  those  fishing  solely  on  their  qwn  account — 
«  ikm  raiuiHi  eia  be  seen  by  referring  to  the 
^■tiitica  lor  Akbama  ABliotii^froiiiihMestalaatics 
the  ieitl  nmnber  of  independCTii  fishcraMB  in  AU^imt 
can  not  be  ascertained,  it  appears  from  the  figives 
that  all  the  77  fishermen  on  interior  waters  and 
more  than^  600  of  the  647  engaged  in  the  shore  and 
bwt  lAlriea  of  the  Gulf  were  independent  fishermen, 
»  aggregate  ofV«r  70  per  cent  of  the 
total  number  employed  m  the  Mmim  «f  Ih*  atate  be- 
longed to  this  class.  Hug  faet  throws  some  vpost 
the  conditions  wliich  were  met,  and  indieates  to  acne 
extent  the  difficulties  attending  an  accurate  canvass. 

With  almost  invariable  courtesy  the  fish  dealers  and 
F™«P«1  iahermen  in  the  different  cities  and  towns 
^'■■••i  ■■■tod  the  agents  engaged  in  the  canvass 

9^  <^  the  BaM  mmI  loesftioBB  of  the  inde- 
pendent fishermen  in  the  surrounding  tenitoiy.  The 

agents  were  Ukewise  aided  by  the  inspectors,  fidi  and 
game  wardens,  and  other  state  officials  conversant 
with  the  fishing  industry  in  the  several  states,  who 
— W^**^  *^  names  of  all  proprietors,  firms,  or  inde- 
paniH*  §Ammm  withhi  Umt  aph«es  of  observation. 
Thwu^  these  yarifl«a  nhanmii  and  by  constant 
inquiry  of  each  fishennan  reporting  as  to  other  unlisted 
independent  fishermen  in  the  neighborhood,  it  was 
possible  for  the  agent  to  extend  the  canvass  until  it  is 
beheved  that  reports  were  secured  from  practically  all 
^■■■■RmI  fiihennen.  In  particular,  a  number  of 
■^ndalai  wwa  amnd  iraoi  &h«Mu  who,  although 
Ihflj  had  foUowed  this  owiupaliw  lor  a  nmnber  of 
years,  claimed  they  had  never  before  been  -iiyniniod 
The  canvass  did  not  cover  C'olorado,  Idaho,  Montana, 
Nevada.  North  Dakota.  New  Mexico,  Utali,  or  Vcr- 
■Bont,  as  the  commercial  fisheries,  if  any,  which  existed 
■        itain  wen  of  minor  importance. 

^^"^  '""wBi*—  i*  ii  probable  tiiat  some 
Wffmmt  inconsistencies  wiH  af^iear  inm  the  eom- 
farison  of  the  statistics  with  those  compiled  by  the 
Bureau  of  Fisheries.  Such  inconsistencies  as  have 
been  detected  in  the  analysis  of  the  data  are  of  minor 
importance  and  are  no  indication  that  the  statistics 
•■■filad  by  tHhm  effioe  are  wrong.  The  totals  com- 
pibd  hj  he<h  aAeni  omi  be  ai^e^  neeepted  as  repre- 
senting the  magnitude  of  the  fiahn^  indwtiy  of  the 
United  States,  or  thepartieidaraeelionef  theeowtij 
to  which  thciy  portain. 


Three  aehedules  were  used  in  securing  the  data — 
one  for  the  shore  and  boat  fisheriea,  oa&  for  the  Tessel 

fisheries,  and  one  for  the  canning  aiid  pa^Hng  houses. 
'  The  tables  relating  to  the  fisheries  were  prepared  from 
:  the  information  secured  pn  the  first  two  fH^hedwliM 
mentioned  above. 

1m  the  statistical  presentation  the  entire  country  is 
divided  into  five  main  divisions,  as  follows:  Atlantic 
coast.  Gulf  of  Meneo,  Paeifie  eoast.  Great  Lakes,  and 
the  Mississippi  River  and  ita  tributaries.  In  c<nmeetion 
^vith  tliis  (li\nsion,  which  corresponds,  generally  speak- 
ing, to  the  principal  bodies  of  water  which  bound  the 
greater  part  of  the  Ignited  States  and  the  large  river 
systttn  idiich  occupies  the  great  central  vallev,  it  will 
be  noted  that  a  few  states  have  fisheries  in  more  than 
(me  division,  as,  for  elkample,  New  Yoik  and  Peranyl. 
vania,  which  have  fisheries  in  both  the  Athmtie  eoast 
and  the  Great  Lakes  divisions;  Florida,  which  has  fish- 
eries on  the  Atlantic  coast  and  also  on  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico;  and  Louisiana,  which  is  represented  in  the 
Gulf  fisheries  as  well  as  in  those  of  the  Mississippi.  For 
porposes  of  eonparison  with  previous  statistics,  the 
fisheries  of  the  AUantic  eoast  are  shown  in  a  Uw  tables 
in  three  divisions— those  of  the  New  EngUnd  states,  the 
^Oddlc  Atlantic  states,  and  the  South  Atlantic  statee, 
respectively.    The  last-named  group  includes  North 
Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  and  the  east  coast  of 
Florida,  and  the  Middle  Atlantic  division,  all  the 
Atlantie  eoMt  states  from  New  York  to  Virginia,  inclu- 
sive. In  oMSt  of  the  states  a  distribution  has  been 
made  according  to  the  waters  in  whieh  Mmg  was 
prosecuted;  thus  in  Wisconsin  separate  statistics  are 
presented  for  the  fisheries  of  Lake  Superior,  Lake 
Michigan,  and  the  ^lississippi  River  and  its  tributaries. 
In  Wadungton  and  in  Oregon  the  fisheries  of  the  Co- 
Imnbia  Bhrer  and  its  tribotnries  have  been  classed  as  a 
separate  district,  aO  the  other  wi^en  hi  each  of  these 
states  constitutmg  a  sing^  district.   In  New  Yoiit 
there  are  four  divisions  or  fishing  districts— Long 
Island  Sound,  all  other  waters  of  the  Atlantic  coast. 
Lake  Erie,  and  Lake  Ontario.    On  account  of  their 
importance,  separate  statistics  are  also  given  for  the 
Mei^  ef  CSMsapeake  Bay  and  its  tributaries,  which 
include  portions  of  thefisheiieaef  D^Amwe,  Maryland, 
and  Virginia,  and  the  Susquebnonn  Biver  firiiiiiitio  of 
Pennsylvania  and  Maryland. 

The  catch  has  been  credited  to  the  port  from  which 
the  fisherman  sails,  and  therefore  is  not  always  credited 
to  the  state  from  whose  waters  it  was  taken.  For 
example,  CafifofantiahemMn  bring  some  of  their  catch 

frmnAlaskMiwaten,  and  Cfnmeotieut  oystermen  take 

a  great  many  oysters  from  Rhode  Island  beds  and  fwm 
the  New  York  waters  of  Long  Island  Sound. 

Some  40  different  kinds  of  apparatus  of  capture, 
including  various  forms  of  nets,  pots,  traps,  Unes,' 
dredges,  harpoons,  and  sponge  apparatus,  were  used, 
and  the  tables  show  the  princ^Md  fonns  employed  in 
each  division  and  elass  of  liiheriM. 


iin[B0i>x}crnoN. 


In  order  to  show  the  total  meat  or  marketable 
ptoduet  of  all  fish,  crustaceans,  mollusks,  and  aquatic 
•innali,  it  has  been  found  desifdUe  to  ndnee  all  to 

the  conunon  unit  of  a  pound,  although,  in  the  trade, 
certain  products  are  usually  handled  on  the  basis  ci 

bushels,  barrels,  or  gallons.  Wliere  these  species  are 
treated  separately  the  common  trade  unit  of  measure- 
ment for  the  species  or  product  is  used.  In  the  gen- 
eral tables  the  quantities  shown  for  the  shell-bearing 
moUuskB  are  based  on  the  amount  of  meat  oMitahied, 
the  %ures  used  for  estimating  the  meat  conteirts  being 
as  follows:  Hard  clams  and  surf  clams  or  skinmiers, 
8  pounds  of  meat  per  bushel,  soft  and  razor  clams, 
cockles,  winkles,  and  mussels,  10  pounds  of  meat  per 
bushel;  oysters,  7  pounds  of  meat  per  bushel;  and 
scallops,  6  pounds  of  meat  per  bushel. 

The  statistics  of  estalMunaQts  aigaged  in  «^iinmg 
and  preserving  fish  and  in  the  manu^MSture  of  various 
by-products  have  been  cUtssified  by  districts  and 
states,  by  principal  species  used,  and  by  method  of 
treatment,  whether  boned,  canned,  salted,  smoked, 
dried,  or  frozen.  On  account  of  the  great  value  of  the 
output  of  the  eanneries  and  salteries  of  Alaska,  the 
statistics  of  that  territory  as  reported  by  the  Bureau 
of  Fisheries  have  been  induded  in  some  of  the  taUes 
in  the  chapter  on  canning  and  presw^;. 

Common  names. — The  confusion  in  connection  with 
the  common  names  of  fishes  has  naturally  caused  more 
or  less  difficulty  in  tabulating  statistics  of  fisheries  for 
the  entire  eountry.  In  some  instances  a  single  species 
of  fish  is  known  by  a  number  of  different  names  in  the 
same  section  as  weO  as  in  diffoieat  sections  of  the  coun- 
try, and  it  also  frequently  happens  that  a  single  name 
will  represent  different  species  of  fish  in  different  local- 
ities. It  is  the  exception,  perhaps,  rather  than  the 
rule,  in  the  case  of  fishes  usuaUy  taken  in  the  commer- 
cial fiahraries,  to  find  a  species  that  is  not  known  by 
mme  ^han  <»e  emaunon  name.  Sudi  names  as  '*hw- 
ring,"  "trout,"  and  "perch,"  are  frequently  applied 
by  fishermen  and  others  in  various  localities  to  species 
to  which  they  do  not  properly  belong,  or  which  require 
that  the  name  be  supplemented  with  some  qualifying 
word  in  order  to  be  clearly  understood.  Even  the 
fsmilisr  and  generally  wdl-understood  name  "shad" 
is,  in  North  Carolina,  sometimes  applied  to  the  menr 
haden.  In  this  report  an  effort  has  been  made  to  list 
each  species  under  a  correct  and  well-established  com- 
mon name  in  the  general  tables,  and  at  the  same  time 
in  the  tables  for  each  state  to  use,  so  far  as  consistent, 
names  which  are  applied  locally. 

Under  "Albaoore,  or  hone  madcer^"  are  included 
the  horse  maekerel  of  the  Atlantic  eoast,  the  tuna  of 
-  California  {Tkmnus  thynnus),  and  related  species 
usually  known  as  albacore.  In  the  tables  for  Califor- 
nia "albacoro  and  tuna"  includes  Thunnus  ihynnus 
and  related  species,  while  the  name  "horse  mackerel'' 
is  applied  to  Traclmrus  jncturatus,  as  is  the  custom 
loeallj.  The  name  "alewife"  or  "alewives"  has  been 


used  exclusively  to  designate  PomoJohus  pseudoharen' 
gus  and  P.  sestivalis,  although  these  species  are  very 
generally  known  in  Chesapeake  Bay,  Albemarle  Sound, 
and  ekewfaere  in  <he  Middle  and  South  Atlantic  states 

as  herring,  and  in  the  New  England  states  as  alewives 

and  bluebacks,  respectively.    The  name  ''hemng" 
has  been  used  to  designate  Clupea  Jiarertgus  on  the 
Atlantic  coast  and  (\  palhsii  on  the  Pacific  coast, 
while  the  various  species  of  lake  herring,  Leucich- 
thys  artedi,  L.  hoyi,  and  other  spedes  of  Leudchthya, 
which  are  locally  known  as  herring  m  the  Oreat  Lakes 
region,  have  been  designated  as  "lake  herring,"  and 
L.  hoyi  sometimes  as  "chub,"  or  "kieye."  Under 
"bream  and  sunfish"  are  included  various  species 
of  Lepomis  and  Eupoinotis.    The  name  "percii"  is 
used  in  the  tables  for  Washington,  Oregon,  and 
California  fm  the  viviparous  perches,  Cymutogaster 
<t9§r«fiaiu,  Bmiiotota  jaekmmi,  HwnaKafty  oiyy- 
roaomua,  and  other  Emhiotocidse  or  surf-^shes.  The 
name  "surf-fish"  is  also  applied  to  certain  species  of 
this  family,  and  all  the  species  tabulated  under  the 
head    "viviparous   perch"    are   in   fact  surf-fishes. 
"Drum,  fresh-water"  or  "drum  or  sheepshead "  is 
used  for  Aplodinoku  gnmniens,  and  "drum,  salt- 
water" for  PogoMOt  cromie  and  8eum^  oedlaim, 
"Channel  bass"  k  also  used  as  a  designation  fw  *^ 
latter  species.    "Sheepshead"  is  the  term  used  to 
designate   Archosargus   prohatocephalus.    The  name 
"halibut"  is  used  exclusively  for  Ilippoglossus  hippo- 
glossus,  while  the  bastard  halibut  (Paralichthifs  cali- 
fornieuM)  of  California  is  not  shown  s^Mrately,  but  is 
induded  with  flounders.   "Hickofy  diad"  is  applied 
to  Pomolohus  mediocris  in  waters  on  the  Atlantic  coast, 
and  to  P.  chrysochloris  in  rivers  of  the  Mississippi  Val- 
ley.   "Shad"  is  not  applied  in  this  report  to  any  spe- 
cies except  Alosa  sapuli^sima,  and  A.  oMensis,  and 
Brevoortia  trjrrannus  is  given  only  as  •menhaden." 
"  Jewfidi"  is  applied  to  Oarrupa  nigrita  on  the  Atlan- 
tic coast,  and  to  SUndepU  gigu  on  the  Pacific  coast. 
The  names  "kingfish"  and  "whiting"  are  used  for 
various  species  of  Menticirrhus  on  the  Atlantic  coast, 
while  in  Florida  "kingfish"  a])plies  to  Scomheromorus 
cavaUa,  but  in  the  summary  tables  for  the  United 
States  the  two  names  are  combined  as  a  single  designa- 
tion for  the  various  species  of  Menticirrhits,  the  king- 
fish  on  the  Pacific  coast  being  an  entirely  different  spe- 
cies.    Merlucdua  bilinearis  in  the  New  En^and  and 
Middle  Atlantic  states  is  frequently  known  by  the  name 
"  whiting,"  but  in  this  report  that  species  has  been  des- 
ignated as  "silver  hake."    The  name  "pigfish,"  and  in 
Virginia  the  name  "hogfish,"  designate  OHhojmstis 
ehrysoptetus,  and  in  the  sununary  taUes  for  the  entire 
country  the  two  namea  combined  represent  this 
species,  while  in  the  tables  for  Florida  "hogfish"  ■ 
Lachnolaimus  rnaximus,  which  is  induded  among  the 
miscellaneous   species   in   the   summary  statistics. 
In  the  statistics  for  Maine  and  M<issacluisetts  the 
name   "catfish"  designates  Anarhichas  lupus^  while 


10 


Fi8HERIE&  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1906. 


in  tiie  statistics  for  other  states  ''catfish"  represents 
the  various  species  of  SUuridx  commonly  known  by 
that  name.  The  name  '  pompano"  on  the  Atlantic 
«Mai  <lM%Bal«  nrnMrnatm  e&ntimtt,  the  eommon 
f  Mil mu,  but  in  the  stotkliM  for  CrfMnwMfc  Hm  tame 
represenla  PtHometa  simiUima,  which  is  one  of  the  but- 
terfishes,  and  is  incfaided  with  the  bwttiTfiehMi  in  the 
•ummary  statistics. 

Comparison  with  staHstics  of  previous  canvasses. — 
Statistics  of  fishing  industries  for  1880  and  1889  were 
iMfciaBi  BH  the  reporto  of  the  Tenth  end  Bemth 
CflBBoaee.  Stelieticii  Nprnie  on.  fidieneB  here  also 
ben  iBBoed  from  time  to  time  by  the  Bureau  of  fish- 
eries in  which  only  certain  sections  of  the  country  are 
consiilered  in  any  one  year.  The  seven  districts  into 
which  the  rnited  States  has  been  divided  for  this  pur- 
pose and  the  yeaie  lor  idiich  statistics  have  been  pub- 
iM  era  MioloMi:  New  Eg^^eadetetee,  1888, 1808, 
1802,  SMd  1908;  IfiddeAlittrtfeeteteB,  1888, 1892, 1807, 
1901,  and  1904;  South  Atlantic  states,  1888,  1897,  and 
1902;  Gulf  states,  1888,  1890,  1897,  and  1902;  Pacific 
stotes,  1888,  1892,  1895,  1899,  and  1904;  Great  Lakes 
1885,  1890,  1899,  and  1903;  and  the  Mississippi  River 
and  its  tributaries,  1894, 1899,  and  1903.  These  reports 
■hMradetaa  the»iMb««r  pmwci^eged  in  the 
lAerieB;theinwMiiimtkilAingTwiii,  tiwnyorting 
wmmIi,  boet^  Terions  ef^aratus  ef  Mature,  and  shore 
and  accessory'  property,  and  the  amount  of  cash  capi- 
tal ;  and  the  amount  and  value  of  products  by  species 
taken  and  by  apparatus  used.  In  the  following  table 
•re  ptveented  the  comparaUe  statistics  for  the  United 
SleftM  (enelMHe  ef  AiMfco)  lor  the  e— ii  of  1908, 
1889,  and  1880,  end  e  eonwolidatiop  from  eeiertedieports 
•f  IheBanea  of  FUitries  made  for  the  several  districts 
■Kntioned  above  from  1900  to  1904.  For  the  purpose 
of  comparison  the  statistics  as  to  the  number  of  persons 
employee!  are  confined  to  fishermen,  exclusive  of  shores- 
men, while  those  relating  to  the  capital  employed  are 
MiiMd  tethethnreetod  hi  wwde  end  thw  outfits, 
itili^  ead  wpfmrnlm  ef  ceptan^  and  do  boI  iaehule 
ce|dtel  inXuoted  im  ihei*  ead  ■eeemoij  |imhwiIj!  or 
cash  capital. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  items  for  each  canvass 
show  an  increase  over  the  corresponding  figures  for  the 
last  preceding  canvass,  except  that  the  number  of  fish- 
mmmt  for  the  pmod  1900-1904  eoteeedi  the  mmiber 
for  1908;  the  nnmber  erf  luewjii  ehimni  for  1889  eaweeds 
tint  lor  cither  of  the  subseqimt  canvassee;  and  the 
tannage  of  vessels  shows  a  decrease  at  each  eaBTaoB,  as 
ennpared  with  the  preceding  one. 

In  1880  the  investment  in  vessels  formed  47  per  cent 
of  the  total  reported,  and  the  investment  in  boats  1 2 


a  decrease  in  relative  importance  to  41  per  cent  of  the. 
total,  and  that  in  boats  an  increase  to  21  per  cent. 
The  proportion  represented  by  investment  in  appa- 
ratua  <rfe^»tiire  and  outfit  dowa  but  fittle  ▼ariation — 
41  per  centin  1880  and  38  per  cent  in  1908.  Theratieof 
the  capital  arrested  to  the  value  of  products  baa  pro- 
gressively increased,  the  capital  invested  in  vessels, 
boats,  and  apparatus  of  capture  being  equivalent  to 
63  per  cent  of  the  value  of  products  in  1908,  com- 
pared with  53  per  cent  in  1880. 


IMS 

ma-MM* 

tm 

vm 

Number  of  fishermen,  exclusive 

of  shoresmen  

141,031 

Capital,  not  inclndliig  atafln  and 

accessory  pnpM^MiflMfc... 

mm,m 

Vessels: 

6,933 

6,740 

7,206 

6,605 

128,453 

130,432 

157,209 

206,298 

113,806,000 

111,297,000 

11  ,343,000 

19,357,000 

BoatK 

83,548 

80,616 

79.530 

Value  

17,260,000 

IS,  171,  HQ 

H3H«w 

Apparatus  of  capture  and 

IllllliWi 

flaWli€l8 

1  Combined  statistics  for  the  New  England  states.  South  Atlantic  states,  and  Oolf 
states  Unr  1902;  Qwat  U>w>l  Itlwlwlinil  River  and  Its  tributartes  inr  19W;  lUddto 
Atlaotie  itatM  aad  PMMiMHt  iMm  Iw  U0«;  aad  nlagr  iBtcr^ 
190S. 


The  lofflowing  taUe  ahowa  the  Yafaw  of  prodnelB  of 
the  aperffied  fiihsiaa  for  ewtain  jmm 


▼AtnB  OVMMMVM. 

IMS 

1M0-1M>4> 

vm 

1880 

• 

TnM 

AMOOR. 

184,  611,069 

Ni,M8,6W 

Mi,9w,<ioo  9n,n^ni 

36.382,000 
15,713,000 
893,000 
645,000 
497.000 

30, 101,000 
16,681,000 
1,426,000 
364,000 

824,000 

25,689,000 
13,294,000 
1,818,000 
282,000 

1.698,000 

21,840,000 
13,404,000 

2,117,000 
201,000 

2,323,000 

Oyster  fisheries  

^SSLHS'^SL^  

vOTaihiriM.  

100 

100 

100 

100 

67 
W 

s 

I 

1 

61 
M 
S 
t 

s 

60 

n 

•  } 

4 

SI 

u 
• 
1 
• 

I  Combined  statistics  for  the  New  England  states,  South  Atlaatio  states,  and 
Oolf  states  for  UM;  Oiwt  LakM  aad  IflrtMppi  Btrar  and  tti  tribotariw  Iv  USO; 


The  deefine  m  the  Tafaie  of  prodncta  of  the  whale 

and  menhaden  fisheries  is  marked,  while  laige  gaina 
are  shown  for  the  value  of  products  of  the  general 
fisheries  and  the  sponge  fisheries.  The  oyster  fish- 
eries show  a  general  increase  in  value  of  products, 
although  a  larger  value  was  reported  for  the  period 
from  1900-1904  than  for  either  1908  or  1889. 


CHAPTER  n. 
SUMHABY  OF  STATISTICS. 
The  general  statistics  for  the  United  Statea  and  lor  the  five  di^iaiotts  are 


sammariaad  in  the  following  teUe: 


• 

TotaL 

Atlantic 

Oulfof 
Mexico 
dIvWon. 

Pacific 
coast 
dlvWoo. 

MInissIpp! 

River 
#vWaii. 

Great 
Lakes 
dlTWon. 

mCBMOTlOlil. 

Attaattc 

Oulfof 
Mndco 
eMaion. 

Padfle 

coast 

division. 

pi  River 
division. 

Oicat 
Latai 
divMM. 

Nomber  of  persons  employed  

C^^ital  

Vessels  and  boats,  including  outfit  

Shore  and  accessory  property  and 

143,881 
S42,021,000 
25,101,000 
8,989,000 

7,921,000 
54,031,000 

94,281 
$25,398,000 
16,553,000 
3,833,000 

5,023,000 
35,474,000 

15,481 
S3, 901, 000 
2,805,000 

n*,m 

721,000 
4,835,000 

i.-^.sss 

SC,4GS,000 
3,M4,000 

465,000 
6,{B9,000 

11,731 
$1,440,000 
547,000 
04,000 

a,SSS 

8,533 
$4,814,000 
1,651,000 

i,«n,ooo 

1,»,0W 
S,7W,OO0 

66 
60 
66 
« 

61 
66 

11 
9 

11 
4 

9 

9 

10 
15 
14 
27 

6 
13 

8 
3 
3 
6 

5 
6 

f 

U 
T 

30 

17 

r 

The  fiaheries  <^  the  Atlantic  coast  division  contrib- 
uted nearly  two-thirds  of  the  total  number  of  persons 
employed,  the  value  of  products,  the  capital  invested 
in  vessels  and  boats,  and  that  invested  in  shore  and 
accessory  property,  together  with  cash  capital,  though 
they  represented  a  somewhat  smaller  prop<Hrtion  of 
the  capital  inyeeted  in  apparatus  of  capture. 

On  aooount  €i  the  relatively  large  investment  in 
apparatus  of  capture  in  the  Pacific  coast  and  the 
Great  Lakes  divisions,  in  the  former  chiefly  in  the 
form  of  the  wheels  and  sHdes  used  in  the  salmon 
fisheries  and  in  the  latter  chiefly  in  the  form  of  pound 
nets  and  traps,  Uiese  two  divisi<ni8  rank  aecmid  and 


third,  respectively,  in  the  amount  of  capital  employed. 
The  investment  in  vessels  reported  for  the  Pacific 
coast  division  is  also  relatively  large,  as  is  the  invest- 
ment in  accessory  property,  together  with  cash 
capital,  reported  for  the  Great  Lakes  diriaion.  in 
the  value  of  products  reported  the  Pacific  eoeet  fiah- 
eriea  rank  next  to  tiioae  of  the  Atlantic  coast. 

Because  of  the  prominence  of  the  fisheries  of  the 
New  England  states,  chiefly  on  account  of  the  deep-sea 
fisheries,  and  of  the  Middle  Atlantic  states,  on  ac- 
count of  the  oyster  fisheries,  a  sununarj  of  the  statis- 
tics of  the  Atlantic  coast  division  by  state  groups  ia 
here  given. 


Itamber  of  persons  employed  

Oq>itat  

Vessels  and  boats,  including  outfit  

Apparatus  of  capture  

Snore  and  accessory  property  and  cash  

VafaMolpiodtiets     86*474,000 


Atlantic  1 
coast  j 
division. 

New 
England 
states. 

Middle 
Atlantic 
statea. 

South 
Atlantic 
States. 

m  CBMT  or  lom. 

New 

.  MMk 

iaMite 

94,281 
$25,398,000 
16,553,000 
3,822,000 
5,023,000 
86*474,000 

22, 157 
$11,970,000 
8,201,000 
1, 675,000 
2,094,000 

54, 163 
$11,105,000 
7,280,000 
1,578,000 
2,248,000 
16,  308, 000 

17,961 
$2,324,000 
1,073,000 
669,000 
682,000 

24 
47 
50 
44 
42 

a 

57 
44 
44 
41 
45 
46 

IS 

: 

w 

M 
U 

Chesapeake  Bay  is  the  most  important  fisliing 
ground  on  the  Atlantic  coast.  The  fishermen  ^of 
the  Chesapeake  Bay  fisheries,  including  tiiose  of  its 
tributaiy  waters,  fcnrmed  more  than  one-third  of  the 
total  number  employed  in  the  Atlantic  coast  fisheries 
hi  1906,  and  the  vidue  of  the  prodncta  of  the  Gbeaa* 


peake  Bay  fisheries  constituted  more  than  one-fifth  of 
the  value  of  all  products  of  the  Atlantic  coeat  Mb- 
eiiea.  Aa  the  fiaheriea  <tf  Cheaapeake  Bay  and  ita 
tributaries  cover  portiona  of  four  atates,  a  summaiy 
of  the  staiiatkB,  by  rtatea,  ia  given  in  the  foUowinf 
table: 

(11) 


12 


FISHfiBIfig  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  igoa 


Number  of  persons  employed...  . 

cmptoi...  

Vessels  and  boats,  inoluding  outfit.""" 

Apparatus  of  capture  " 

^|w*e  and  aooessory  praiierty  aadeuH 


Total. 


35,685 
14,715,000 
8,486,000 
778,000 

7,SS» 


Maryland 


17,820 
S2, 019. 000 
1.601,000 
335,000 
84,000 
8,180,000 


17,416 
$2,681,000 
1,879.000 
433.000 
369,000 
4,046,000 


Pennsylva- 
nia (Susque- 
hanna River 

flaberies). 


Marylaod. 


440 
814,000 
4,300 
9,800 
300 
26,000 


80 

43 

46 
43 
19 
44 


40 

57 
54 
56 
82 
» 


8 


I  Less  than  1  per  cent. 


With  the  exception  of  tlie  number  of  persons  em- 
ployed, Viiginia  leads  Maryland  m  every  respect. 
IksinnibOT  of  pcnoiM  employed  in  the  Chesa- 
pMto  Bay  fiaberies  is  htgm  tlm  the  number 
reported  for  any  of  the  other  divinOM  of  tbe  Atlantic 
coast  waters.  Of  the  total  capital  employed,  74  per 
cent  represents  the  value  of  vessels  and  boats,  includ- 
ing outfits,  17  per  cent  the  value  of  apparatus  of  cap- 
to^  wad  10  per  cent  the  value  of  shore  and  accessory 
ptopciijf  §m4.  tmk,  the  mTOstment  in  vessels,  boats, 
and  outfits  being  tlie  kigert  ]«op(Htkiiiately  re- 
f «ied  far  aay  dirtiiel  or  rabdmncm.  Theprodoets 


of  the  Delawarefisheries  which  were  conducted  on  tribu- 
taries of  Chesapeake  Bay  consisted  principally  of  ahad. 
Fourteen  fishermen,  using  boats  and  apparatus  of 
capture  valued  at  $400,  took  products  valued  at  S2,100. 

The  following  table  is  a  summary  of  the  general 
statistics  for  the  fisherias  of  the  Great  Lakes  and  their 
tributary  waters,  classified  according  to  the  six  prin- 
cipal bodies  of  water  comprising  the  division,  namely 
Lake  Superior,  Lake  Michigan,  Lake  Huron,  Lake  St.* 
Clau-  and  the  St.  Clair  and  Detroit  Rivers,  Lake  Erie, 
and  Lake  Ontario,  with  which  are  included  the  Niagara 
and  St.  Lawrence  Rivers: 


TataL 


Lak8 

MWilgan. 


HuriM. 


CWraad 

St.  Clair 


Lake 
Erie. 


\  essels  ana  DMli^  iMlBd>  ' 
^gpmii'iiiiaii".'.'."  i'an^twj 
—^^■IrjjJSI^— •*••*•••  1»80,8B8 


786 

$.■»!.  000 

1^000 

83.000 
342,000 


81 


2.706 
,965,000 

eoK.000 

753,000 


519.000 
1,554,000 


1,» 
8733,000 

185.000 
881,080 

2*57.000 
486,000  i 


_  221  3,142 
M^MO  81,«m;000 


10.000 
8,000 


603,000 
615,000 


28.000  ;  426,000 
32,000  1,280,000 


Lake 
Ontario, 

Including 
Nia^ 
and  St. 

Lawrence 
Rivers. 


not  CIMT  OF  TOTAL. 


Lake 
Supe- 
rior. 


200 
836,000 

11,000 
16,000 

7,900 
74,000 


Lake 
Michi- 
gan. 


32 
41 

42 
41 

39 
41 


Lake 
Huron. 


16 
15 

11 
15 

20 
13 


Lake 
St.  Clair 
and  St. 

Clair 

and 
Detroit 
Rivers. 


(') 


Lake 
Erie. 


Lake 
Ontario, 

including 
Niagara 
and  St. 

Lawrence 
Rivers. 


37 
34 

37 
34 

32 
34 


Ranked  according  to  the  value  of  fishery  products, 
l«ke  Michigan  was  fii-st,  with  Lake  Erie,  Lake  Huron,' 
L*ke  Superior,  Lake  Ontario,  and  Lake  St.  Clair  and 
lii  adjacent  rivers  following  in  the  order  named,  the 
fa*  two  naoMd  leporting  three-fourths  of  the  total. 
TTie  order  was  the  same  in  respeet  to  the  amount  of 
miilil  ■■ililiiJudittlhefiMes.eamptthatljdMSt. 


CiMr  and  its  adjacmt  rivers  outranked  Lake  Ontario; 

aad ,  as  m  the  case  of  value  of  products,  three-fourths  of 
the  total  capital  of  the  division  was  reported  for  Lakw 

Michigan  and  Erie.  A  larger  number  of  persons  em- 
ployed was  reported  from  Lake  Erie  than  from  liahe 
Michigan;  otherwise,  the  lakes  follow  the  same  order  in 
respect  to  this  item  as  in  the  case  of  value  of  producte. 


SUMMARY  OF  STATISTICS. 


IS 


SUMMARY— FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  STATES :  1908. 


STAir. 


AMmubs... 

Arkansas... 

California... 
Connecticut 
Delaware... 

FkHlda  

is..... 
■  

Kentucky  

Louisiana  

Maine  

KarylaiHl  

Massachuaetti... 

Michigan....'  

Minnesota  

Mlffiiariypi  

H«w  Jersey  

New  York  

North  Carolina.. 

Ohio  

Or^on  

Pamaqrhraote. . . 

Rhode  IslaoriL... 
South  CaroaHk. 
Tennenee. . . . . . . 

. .  .-..V* . 


Number  of 
peiBMis 


>  ESSELS. 


143,881 


073 
1M8 

4,129 
2,147 
1,756 

9,212 
2,525 
4,439 
980 
780 

«6 
5,785 
6,881 

18,392 

11,577 

3,472 
934 

2,037 
006 

7,231 

6,775 
9,681 
2,054 
4,772 
1,280 

1,«3 
2,550 
427 
1,780 

90,066 
4,054 
9^1 
840 


Valoa.iB- 
otodtog 
oatflt. 


6,933  817,831.000 


«1 

6 

60 
243 

65 

327 
88 
17 
2 


222 
575 
1, 107 
671 

no 

4 

206 


435 

643 

299 
54 
44 
06 

138 
108 


157 

946 
190 
80 


130,000 
8, 100 
573,000 
994,000 
334,000 

846,000 
90,000 
47,000 
7,700 


441,000 
1,007,000 
1,001,000 
4,282,000 

327.000 
16,000 
372,000 


BOATS. 


Number. 


Valoe. 


Value  of 


83,549  '  87,269.000 


709,000 

1,750,000 

2H2.  im 

■2i:i.(m 

140,000 
254,000 

515,000 
50,000 


980,000 

1,. 332, 000 
1,594,000 
244,000 


670 
1,154 
2,121 
1,009 

792 

5. 702 
2.  Till 
4,222 
937  j 


511 
4,469 
6.969 
8,493 


1,647 
680 

1,144 

7H.-) 
3,843 

3, 131 
4,984 
1,083 
2,312 
888 

815 
1,71» 

a* 

901 

10,942 
2,796 
1,900 
806 


34.000 
37,000 
493,000 
118,000 
38,000 

575. 000 
79.000 

234,000 
16,000 
88,080 

11,000 
3.54,000 
662.000 
644,000 
477,000 

267,000 
36,000 

46,000 

2.'),  00() 
391,000 

306,000 

251,000 
141.000 
367,000 


Value  of 
Msoessory 


Value  of 


133,000 
42,000 
9,400 
117,000 

733,000 
377,000 

m,m 

18,000 


88,999,000   87,921.000  854,081,000 


•23.000 
31,000 
502,000 
84,000 

63.000 

326,000 
5.5,000 

272,000 
28,000 
20,000 

21.000 
9.5. 000 
.57t;.  (XJO 
369,000 
775,«00 

821,000 
48,000 

.5s.  (100 
:V.I.  (KMI 

345,000 

882,000 

367, 000 
423,000 
795,000 
U4.000 

280,000 
16,000 
87,000 
41,000 

485,000 
1,162,000 
407,000 
17,000 


82.000 
13,000  i 
91,000 
1,060,000  I 

9.500 

668.000 
l>v5.(»(K> 
295,000 
22,000  ' 
11,000 

0,600 
40,000 

106,000 
88,000 

SUbOOO 

.m.ooo 

33,000 
46,000 
27,000 
260,000 

1,413,000 

.■J70, 001) 
343,000 
65,000 
87,000 

627,000 
5,400 

13,000 
26,000 

434,  (m 
309,000 
276,000 
3,900 


387,080 
207,000 
1,970,000 

2,982.000 

541.000 

3,3>t9.000 
701.000 

1, 436,000 
228.000 
215,000 

110,000 

1.. 569. 000 

:i.  I')'.  (100 

3,306,000 
7,086,«» 

1,473,000 
192.000 

.^5»i,  ono 

-'71,(100 
3,0(i9,000 

4,594,000 

1,776,000 
840, 000 
1,868.000 

m$,m 

1,752,000 
288,000 
112,080 
448,000 

4,716,000 
3,513,000 
1,067.000 
110,000 


1  KxcluslroofAlMkm. 


Includes  Kansas,  Nebraska,  New  Hampsliire,  Oldaboma,  South  Dakota,  and  West  Viiflai*. 


OHAPTBB  UL 
fKRSONS  lafFIiOTED,  SALARIES,  AND  WAGES. 


Persons  employed. — The  census  was  intended  to 
include  a  report  of  all  persons  actually  engaged  in 
eommercial  fishing,  whether  yn  vemels,  in  boats,  or  on 


tile  en 
M  foUowB: 

ProprUtorg,  firm  members,  and  independent  fithermen. — Stockhold- 
cn  vi  coqxxmtioDs  Bhouid  not  be  reported  unless  ^ey  are  also  em- 
fbfMflf  A»eoaqMBiy.  A  penoa  fcfciBf  on  dutres,  delivering  a 
pMof  die  catch  to  anodMr  penon  and  selling  the  remainder,  should 
Bot  be  cooflidered  as  an  independent  fisherman;  in  this  case  the 
to  iHioBi  a  part  ol  the  catch  was  delivered  should  be  con- 
piopiiilii.  ItisdenedtoBiioiriBlbevBpOTttetBlal 
number  of  persons  engaged  in  fishing.  For  this  reason  it  is  necessary 
to  indicate  whMher  the  pto]»ietor  was  actually  engaged  in  fishing, 
b  fMMl  B^Hity  ef  CMM  Am  proprietor  win  be  ibimd  to  be  80 
•igsged,  but  in  cases  where  he  is  not,  this  fact  should  be  indicated 
in  the  qMce  ]Hovided.  If  the  ownership  of  the  vessel  is  in  shares, 
■  <rf  idiich  are  held  by  parties  who  take  no  part  in  its  man- 
,  these  parties  AobM  be  lepcrted  m  ** AOTshniiiwii.**  Per- 
sons reported  in  inquiries  2,  3,  and  4  should  not  be  duplicated  when 
than  one  schedule  is  secured  i<x  operations  canied  on  under 


irill  gwbaMy  be 


cases  where  it  will  be  necessary  to  answer  this  inquiry.  It  applies 
only  to  large  companies  having  a  managing  oflSce  in  which  reooida 
of  the  fishing  are  kept  by  salaried  employees.  Persons  repoftad  ia 
this  inquiry  should  not  be  reported  on  another  schedule. 

Vettel  crew. — The  regular  crew,  including  the  fishermen  on  the 
d,  sboeM  be  lepottod  as  "reiel  enw.**  If  tbe  captain  or  any 
other  member  of  the  crew  has  been  reported  as  a  proprietor,  he 
should  not  be  repmrted  here.  Where  fishermen  are  working  on 
ahaies,  it  wiO  be  nocossary  to  eetimato  the  annual  wages.  Where 
board  is  provided  for  fishermen  as  part  compensation,  the  value  of 
provisions  thus  used  should  not  be  included  in  wt^es,  but  irhffilM 
be  reported  separately  as  provided  for  in  the  schedule. 

The  number  of  shoresmen  reported  represents  only- 
persons  employed  on  shore  in  direct  connection  with 
tiw  fiflberiea,  aad  does  nol  indnde  those  employed  in 
seeondaiy  h^ndlmg  of  fishery  products  in  eumeriee, 
pflHng  houses,  and  other  ewtsbHsliments.  For  these 
reasons  the  number  of  persons  reported  as  shoresmen 
is  not  comparable  in  all  cases  with  the  number  shown 
by  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries  in  its  various  annual  re- 
ports, which  includes  those  employed  in  fish-packing 
and  eenning  estehKwhmwits.  The  rtetisties  lor  the 
cenneriss  uA  pMking  hoiOBee  en  igcfm  in 
YSSL 


Attentic  coast  division . 


SlMNCBOMn . . . 

coast  division. 
Vaaelliaberics... 


ShonsmcD. 
lliBisippi  River  divisfam. 


Vwwl  Halwrki 


IMaL 

Proprie- 
tors and 

Salaried 
employ- 

com. 

TotaL 

Salarica. 

Wacea. 

143,881 

«  72,030 

350 

71,501 

$16,377,000 

1319,000 

'116,058,000 

31,879 
4,508 
104,644 

2,850 

4,248 
1,0S0 
66,732 

231 
23 
96 

27,400 
3,435 

37,816 
2,850 

8,230,000 
943,000 

6,449,000 
755,000 

220,000 
20,000 
79,000 

8,010,000 
923,000 

6,370,000 
755,000 

94,281 

45,659 

219 

48,403 

9,904,000 

184,000 

9,720,000 

24,631 
3,505 

64,301 
1,754 

15,481 

3,469 
974 
41,216 

169 
5 
45 

20,993 
2,616 

23,040 
1,754 

9,533 

5,715,000 
618,000 

3,152,000 
418,000 

2,349,000 

156,000 
4,100 
23,000 

5,559,000 
614,000 

3,128,000 
418,000 

2,292,000 

5,896 

52 

57,000 

3,970 
396 
10.577 
538 

13,855 

352 
36 
5,506 

26 
18 
8 

3,592 
342 

5,061 
538 

6,912 

1,040,000 
134,000 

1,042.000 
134,000 

2,264,000 

35.000 
16.000 
5,700 

1,004,000 
117,000 

1,036,000 
134,000 

2.213,000 

6,904 

39 

51,000 

1,754 
368 
11.626 
107  1 

8,533  ' 

96 
19 
6,780 

U 

1,643 
340 

4,813 
107 

4, 106 

900,000 
140,000 
1,176,000 
49,000 

1,345,000 

14,000 

886,000 
140.000 
1, 138,000 
49,000 

1,327,000 

24 

37,000 

4,402 

26 

18,000 

1,494 
78 
6,600 
361 

n,m 

325 
10 
4,067 

U 

1,154 
08 

2,S23 
361 

2,547 

566,000 
30,000 
623,000 
127,000 

515,000 

10,000 

556,000 
30,000 
615,000 
127,000 

•06, 000 

10 

8,200 

0,160 

15 

9,000 

SD 

71 

11,540 

90  1 

0,10 

« 

18 
60 

2,379 

90 

9,300 
21,000 
457,000 

27(100 

4,200 

6,100 
21.000 
453.000 
27,000 

0 

4,800 

1 

li 

FEBSQNS  mPimmK  SALARIfig,  AND  WA<SJS8. 


The  inquiry  called  for  the  number  of  proprietors,  firm 
nembers,  and  indiyidual  fisheniMn  to  be  lepcHrted  sepa- 
nlel|y,  and  ako  lor  e  aepaimte  report  of  the  seleried  em- 
fdetyeee,  wasSk  es  criflieen,  managers,  and  clerim.  The 
wage-earners  were  returned  as  (a)  vessel  fishermen,  (6) 
shore  and  boat  fishermen,  and  (c)  shoresmen.  An  esti- 
mate was  also  obtained  of  the  cost  of  provisions  sup- 
plied to  employees,  which  is  shown  separately  and  also 
iaelnded  in  the  amount  shown  for  salaries  w  wages. 

flM  pneediiig  table  smnmariaes  the  statieties  lor 


persons  employed  and  salaries  and  wages  paid,  by 
geographic  divirions  and  by  the  main  branches  of  the 
industry: 

Of  the  total  number  of  persons  mgaged  in  the  firi»-> 

ing  industry  in  the  United  States  in  1908,  25  per  cent 
were  employed  on  fishing  and  transporting  vessels,  73 
per  cent  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  and  2  per  cent 
as  shoresmen,  directly  connected  with  the  catching 
of  fish.  In  addition  to  the  foregoing  there  were  2,052 
proprietoii  not  ragaged  in  fidiing. 


United  SUtea. 


VaadHdieriei. 

Tnuuporting  1 
Shore  and  boall 

Shoresmen . 


Atlantic  coast  division . . 
0«tf  ol  Maxieo  dtvirisn. 


I'er  cent  distribution. 


Total. 


100 


22 

3 
73 
2 


66  I 

11 

10  ! 

6  ! 
8  I 


Proprietors 
ana  inde- 
pendent 
fldicnnen. 


100 


6 

1 
93 


Salaried 
employ- 


100 


68 
•7 

27 


63 
8 

10 
« 

13 


63 
U 
11 
7 
4 


Wage- 


100 


38 
S 

S3 
4 


68 
U 
10 
« 
4 


Per  cent  of  total. 


Proprietors 
and  inde- 


50 


U 

n 


48 
38 

to 


Salaried 
employ- 


(•) 


(') 


50 


88 

78 


>  Less  tnan  1  per  cent. 


The  Atlantic  coast  division  was  by  far  the  most 
important  in  the  United  States,  giving  occupation  to 
66  per  cent  of  all  the  persons  engaged  in  fishing.  The 
next  in  importance  of  the  fisheries  districts  was  the 
Qiilf  of  Mexieo  drrasion,  where  11  per  cent  of  the  total 
mmiber  were  employed.  The  Pacific  coast  division, 
the  Ifississippi  River  division,,  and  the  Great  Lakes 
division  follow  in  the  order  named.  The  next  table 
gives  the  distribution  of  persons  employed  in  the 
Atlantic  coast  division,  according  to  groups  of  states. 

More  than  one-fourth  of  the  total  number  of  persons 
engaged  in  fishii^  in  tike  Athmtie  coast  dinrioD  in  1906 
were  «nployed  in  Ihe  vessel  fidieries  and  on  trans- 
porting vessels,  and  more  than  two-thirds  in  the  shore 
and  boat  fisheries,  while  less  than  2  per  cent  were 
shoresmen.  In  vessel  fisheries  and  on  transporting 
vessels  combined,  over  four-fifths  of  the  persons  em- 
ployed were  wage-earners,  as  compared  with  only  a 
fittle  man  than  one-thizd  of  those  employed  hi  tiie 
diore  and  boat  fisheries. 

Each  of  the  three  groups  of  states  comprising  the 
Atlantic  coast  division  employed  more  fishermen  than 
any  one  of  the  four  other  geographic  divisions  into 


which  the  country  is  divided.  More  than  one-half 
of  the  fishermen  of  the  Atlantic  coast  division  were 
employed  in  the  fisheries  of  the  Middle  Atlantic  states, 
nearly  one-fourth  in  those  of  flie  New  England  states, 
and  about  one-fifth  in  those  of  the  So«ith  Atlantie 
states. 

In  New  En^and  the  vessel  fidimes  predominated,  a 

fact  which  was  not  true  of  any  other  group  of  states 
for  which  statistics  are  presented.  It  follows  that  in 
this  group  of  states  the  total  number  of  wage-earners 
and  saUried  employees  was  large,  as  compared  with 
the  total  number  of  proprietors  and  mdepeadent  fiaiiw- 
mea.  Ytom  the  access  of  the  number  of  im^MnrtoM 
and  independent  fishermen  over  the  number  of  wage- 
earners  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  it  is  evident 
that  there  were  more  than  6,000  independent  fisher- 
men. 

In  the  Middle  Atlantic  states  over  70  per  cent  of 
liie  penMms  employed  were  m  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries.   In  the  Soutii  Atlantic  states  the  number 

of  persons  employed  in  the Tessd fisheries  was  relatively 
small.  Only  1,973  persons,  or  11  per  cent  of  the  total 
number,  were  on  fishing  and  transporting 


FI&ii£RI£S  OF  XH£  UNITED  STATES,  190& 


Elin4)»«0  V  AtUMBC  cout  BmaKHT:  19BB. 


Proprietors 
and  inde- 
pendent 

fishermen. 


24,631 
3,SW 

23,187 


3,460 
974 
41,  SM 


10,652 
535 


%7« 


8,0* 


M« 


1,505 
468 
U^5H 


Salaried 
employees. 


219 


109 
5 
46 


85 


72 
2 
11 


lOS 


2,118 
766 


Wate> 


TotoL 


48,408 


M^9Mk6W 


20.993 
2,616 

33,010 
1,754 


13,333 


9,361 
441 

2,143 
387 

27,511 


•^ati 


133 
11« 
9^131 


3 
33 


30 


10,  279 
1,823 
14,466 
944 

8,sao 


1,383 
353 

6,433 
433 


5, 715. 000 
618,000 

3,153,000 
418,000 


4, 816k  000 


3,420,000 
308,000 
613,000 
186,000 

4,4fli^68» 


2,076,000 
366,000 

1,833,000 
306,000 

1,146,000 


54,000 
816,000 
88,000 


156,000 
4,100 
23,000 


90,660 


5,550,000 
614,000 

3,138,000 
418,000 


80,000 
2,500 

7,  no 


TB^OIO 


61,666 

1,600 
13,600 


3,340,000 
306,000 
806,660 
186,000 


19^000 


16,000 

"3,'a66 


2,01.),00() 
354,000 
l,8M^00O 

1,136^600 


203,000 
54,000 

813,000 
88,000 


Ptreent  dItribuUwi. 

1  P«rc«rt«(tataL 

TotaL 

Proprie- 
tors and 
independ- 
mt  Bstaer- 

Salaried 
employ- 
ees* 

Wage- 
eanms. 

Proprie- 
tors and 

Salaried 
eiaploy- 

100 

100 

100 

100 

i  48 

(') 

51 

26 
4 

68 
3 

8 
2 
90 

77 
2 
21 

43 
5 

48 
4 

14 

27 

1  64 

85 
73 
36 

lot 

57 
19 

21 
58 
21 

39 
47 
16 

25 
57 
18 

44 

49 

1 

(•) 

56 
51 
48 

CMPLOTED  IN  ATLANTIC  COAST  DIVISION:  190S— «)ntiniied. 


Ti»  Idliiwiiig  Ittinilar  tsimUmmt  tibiomB  Hm  nmnber 
flff  panoas  mgaged  in  the  several  clMiWi  of  employ- 
ment connected  with  the  fisheries  of  Chesapeake  Bay, 
the  chief  fishing  ground  of  the  Middle  AtUiitic  states, 
and  their  distribution  by  states: 


Totrf  

Veaael  fisheries  

Transporting  vessels  

Awe  aad  boat  fisteries. 


PEBSONS  EMPLOYED  IN  CHESAPEAKE 
BAT  distsict:  1908. 


35,685  '  17,820 


7,016 
1,953 
26,486 


Vbgillia. 


17,416 


eries  greatiy  ptedMninated,  reporting  ormr  70  pet 

cent  of  the  total  persons  employed. 

As  already  indicated,  fishing  on  the  Great  Lakes 
gave  occupation  to  fewer  people  than  fishing  in  any 
other  of  the  main  geographic  divisions  of  the  country. 
The  distribution  of  the  persons  employed  among  the 
varioas  lakes  and  nmta  of  the  OrMit  Lakes  difkioik 
is  shown  below: 


Pennsyl- 
vania 

(Susque- 
hanna 
Rhrer 

flslKries). 


4,046 

975 
12,723 

n 


2,970 
978 
13,314 
184 


449 


The  persons  engaged  in  these  fisheries  were  about 
equally  divided  between  Maryland  and  Virginia,  tlie 


uxum. 


Total  

Lake  Superior  

Lake  Michigan  

Lalce  Huron  

Lake  St.  Clair  and  St.  Clair  and  Detroit  Rivers  

Lake  Erie  

Lake  OBtario,  indiidiiv  ftimm  mi  St.  Lawnaoe  BItm 


Persons  em' 
dlvWon: 


8,533 

~786 
2,706 
1,382 
221 
3.143 


Proprietors   and   independent  fishermen. — Slightly 


few  which  are  credited  to  Pennsylvania  being  engaged  i  more  tlian  one-half  of  the  persons  engaged  in  the 
«A  the  Tl— nmhenni  Btrer.  The  shote  and  boatfiab-  I  fisheries  of  the  United  States  in  190S  were  propiietora 


PERSONS  EMPLOYED,  SALARIES,  AND  WAGES. 


17 


and  independent  fishramen.  Nearly  two-thods  of 
this  class  were  reported  from  the  Atlantic  coast  diyi^on, 

the  Mississippi  River  division  ranking  second  with  a 
little  more  than  one-eightli,  followed  by  the  Pacific 
coast,  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  the  Great  Lakes,  in  the 
order  named.  The  greatest  percentage  of  proprietors 
and  mdependent  fisliMniiMi  appears  iny  ariahly  in  shore 
and  boat  fisheries.  Tliis  is  natural,  as  it  was  to  be 
expected  that  independent  fishermen  would  pre- 
ponderate in  the  class  of  fisheries  wherein  the  capital 
required  and  cost  of  operation  are  not  great. 

The  largest  proportion  wliich  the  proprietors  and 
independent  fishmnen  fcnmed  of  the  totid  numbmr  of 
persons  employed  is  shown  for  the  Mississippi  River 
diTiiion,  where  more  than  three-fourths  were  of  tliis 
class.  The  number  is  smallest,  relatively,  in  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico  division,  but  even  there  it  exceeds  one- third. 

The  salaried  employees  are  almost  a  neghgible 
quantity,  amounting  to  only  two-tenths  of  1  per  cent 
for  the  United  States  as  a  whdle. 

Fofs-eorneiv  and  wo^.— The  number  of  wan^ 
earners  in  this  report  is  the  total  number  employed  at 
any  time  during  the  year.  The  wages  returned  on  the 
schedules  were  not  those  of  the  average  fisherman, 
nor  for  any  uniform  period  throughout  the  country, 
nor  were  they  such  as  might  have  been  secured  if 
employment  had  been  continuous. 

In  many  cases  remunwatioii  is  not  whdty  in  money 
wages,  but  consists  either  altogether  or  in  part  in  a 
share  of  the  catch,  the  share  being  given  usually  as 
50  per  cent  of  the  catch  after  certain  eaqpensee  are 
deducted. 

It  was  impossible  in  most  cases  to  obtain  from  the 
returns  the  net  share  of  the  catch  going  to  the  fisher- 
man. Thk  share  had  sometimes  been  calculated 
weekly  by  the  emplo3^ng  fisherman  from  slips  nidch 
had  been  at  once  destroyed.  In  many  cases  an  esti- 
mate, made  either  by  the  employer  or  by  the  special 
agent  upon  information  furnished,  had  to  serve  the 
purpose.  These  estimates,  however,  are  believed  to 
be  substantially  representative  of  the  income  received. 

S(Mne  inland  fishermen  woik  f<Nr  wages,  with  aiq>a- 
ratus  and  board  furnished;  others  are  paid  by  the 
bushel  or  according  to  the  weight  of  their  catch.  In 
some  coast  fisheries  men  were  given  $25  a  month  and 
board  while  employed,  the  value  of  the  board  being 
calculated  at  $10  a  month.  When  board  was  fur- 
nished in  additi<m  to  wages  it  is  included  in  the 
eamingt  ^ven  hmre.  The  earnings  were  frequmtly 
{Meeed  out  in  other  industries  or  ooraipations,  as,  for 
instance,  in  hunting  or  trapping,  or  perhaps  in 
farming;  for  in  some  sections  there  are  farmers  who, 
being  located  near  rivers,  set  seines  and  trawls,  em- 
ploying for  this  purpose  men  who,  when  not  thus 
occupied,  do  farm  wiHrk. 

The  nationality  of  the  fishennen  may  possibly  have 
something  to  do  with  the  variati<ms  in  the  earnings  in 
the  various  sections  of  the  oountry.  On  the  Qutf  of 
TeTSS'— 11 — s 


Mexico  and  Southern  Atlantic  coasts  there  has  been 
httle  change  in  the  nationality  of  the  fishermen.  Off 
the  coast  of  Maine  the  fishermen  are  practically  all 
natives.  On  some  sections  of  the  Massachusetts  coast 
a  great  number  of  the  deep-sea  fishermen  are  Portu- 
guese and  natives  of  Nova  Sootia.  In  other  ioealitiea 
in  tiiis  state  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  are  cawied  on 
largely  by  Italians.  A  considerable  number  of  fisher- 
men in  Rhode  Island  are  Greeks.  From  New  Jersey 
there  were  reported  a  number  of  Swedes,  Norwegians, 
and  Finns  engaged  in  the  vessel  fisheries.  In  addition 
to  Americans — Finns,  Norwegians,  Swedes,  Slavonians, 
Qreelra,  Italians,  CSiinese,  and  Jiqpanese  are  engaged 
in  tiie  firiiery  industries  of  the  Padfic  coast. 

Most  of  the  veasds  of  the  New  England  fisheries  make 
a  number  of  voyages  to  the  fishing  grounds  in  the 
course  of  a  year.  In  some  instances  tlie  crews  were 
engaged  all  the  year  round  in  one  kind  of  fisheries  or 
another,  whereas  in  others  the  catch  was  confined  to 
one  or  two  kinds  of  fish  and  theaeaacm  waa  aoomdingly 
Umited.  For  some  of  the  Middle  Aliaiitie  etatea  the 
coast  fisherman's  average  season  waa  given  ae  six 
months.  The  oyster  season  lasts  from  September  to 
May,  when  the  crab  season  begins.  The  shad  season 
starts  in  December  in  the  South  when  the  shad  enters 
the  rivers  to  spawn,  and  the  season  is  successively 
latw  and  later  iKvthward.  Drift  at  rip  fishing  off  the 
Massachusetts  coast  lasts  txom  jMmaij  1  to  Oirtdbw, 
and  hand  line-fishing  from  the  aide  of  tile  Tewri«lMdi 
to  the  end  of  the  calendar  year. 

It  will  be  noted  that  for  the  United  States  as  a 
whole  the  earnings  considered  relatively  to  the  number 
of  wage-earners  are  greatest  for  the  fishermen  em- 
ployed upon  vessels.  This  is  due  to  various  causes, 
amimg  tiiera  bong  a  greater  oontinuity  of  employment. 
In  some  instances '^neesds  ei^paged  in  fishing  doling  the 
fishing  season  were  employed  in  freighting  or  eaceiirrion 
business  for  the  rest  of  the  year.  Thus  the  crew  was 
employed  for  the  entire  year  and  the  wages  reported 
represented  the  year's  work,  as  it  was  impossible  to 
obtain  an  estimate  of  the  amount  that  should  be 
charged  to  fishing.  In  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries, 
on  the  other  hand,  there  are  m&rrab  <rf  unemplojment, 
and  the  earnings  can  be  supplemented,  if  need  be,  hj 
work  in  other  occupations.  Moreover,  the  number  of 
fishermen  employed  on  vessels  is  more  readily  ascer- 
tainable; if  there  are  no  records,  then  the  estimates  can 
be  more  closely  based  on  fact.  The  records  for  the 
shore  and  boat  fisheries  are  fifcely  to  be  scattered;  and 
as  the  statistics  wwe  taken  sc«ne  months  after  the 
close  of  the  calendar  year  1908,  it  is  probable  that  the 
numbers  reported  were  not  always  perfectly  accurate. 

The  earnings  of  the  men  employed  on  transporting 
vessels  ranked  second.  Their  liigh  relative  earnings 
also  may  be  explained  by  the  more  accurate  methods 
of  estaUishing  the  figures  and  the  more  neariy  oon- 
tinnona  emfdoyment  obeenred  in  oonneetion  with 
vessel  fisheriee.  The  eanings  of  ahereemen  ranked 


18 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


tliiid,  wliBe  idKm  and  boat  fidMRBMi  Mmedy 

to  thdr  numbers,  less  ihm  thoM  jBqikjwl  itt  taj  other 
branch  of  the  industry. 

It  was,  moreover,  true  of  every  main  geographic 
division,  shown  in  the  table  on  page  14,  that  the  gross 
wages  pMd  in  tl»  Aon  and  boat  fisheries  relatively  to 
ghr«  employaMnt  at  any  time  of  the 
short  the  term  of  employment,  ranked 
lowest  among  the  four  classes  of  fisheries.  In  three 
of  the  five  divisions — the  Atlantic,  Pacific,  and  Great 
Lakes — such  relative  earnings  were  greatest  for  wage- 
earners  in  vessel  fisheries;  and  in  two — the  Gulf  of 
MiiwiiMi  and  Ifiaaissippi  River  diTiaions — ^they  were 
pvalaat  for  wage  eaiuaa  on  toanqKxriing  vcoecla. 

Tile  earnings  of  wage-earners  on  the  Atlantic  coast 
were,  relative  to  their  numbers,  less  than  those  for  any 
other  main  geographic  division  except  the  Mississippi 
River  division.  Notwithstanding  this  fact,  such  rela- 
tive earnings  in  the  New  England  states  were  larger 
thai  lor  any  ci  the  uain  geographic  drnsioDs.  The 
WBon  lor  thii  ii  tht  bi  thew  atatea  >  laige  majority  of 
the  fishermen  an  cnqiloyed  upon  yeeseb,  wkd^  in  the 
Ifiddle  Atlantic  and  South  Atlantic  statea  the  majority 
are  engaged  in  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 

Comparison  with  prior  cerisuses. — Comparative  sta- 
tistics for  the  number  of  fishermen  (not  including 
i),  as  lepMted  at  the  jHeant  eensus  and  «t 
of  1890  and  1880,  are  given  in  thefcAow 
m%  table.  It  should  be  noted,  however,  that  the 
figures  for  1889,  obtained  in  the  census  of  1890,  do  not 
include  persons  for  whom  fishing  was  a  transient  occu- 
pation, and  that  those  for  1880  do  not  include  the 
inland  waters,  excepting  the  Great  Lakes.  For  these 
•Bj  eompariBon  of  tbe  different  yean  is  of 
Foaabfy  firiitriea  iA  tdnar  impor- 
were  carried  on  in  Colorado,  Ididio,  Montana, 
Nevada,  North  Dakota,  Utah,  and  Vermont  in  inte- 
rior waters  not  directly  tributary  to  any  of  the  large 
divisions,  and  were  not  included  in  the  canvass  of  1908. 

It  would  appear  that  at  the  census  of  1890  a  num- 
b»ef  idbwaanoiaety  riaawd  ae  commercial  flaher- 


BMsfaided.  In  1908  the  AtbuotHe  coast  states, 
inchiding  Florida,  reported  11,172  fewer  fiahermen 

than  in  1889,  but  15,647  more  than  in  1880;  while  the 
Pacific  coast  states  in  1908  reported  a  total  which  is 
3,169  more  than  in  1889  and  8,135  more  than  in  1880. 
The  states  bordering  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  exclusive 
of  Florida,  but  inchiding  the  entire  states  of  Louisiana 
and  Miiwiiuiippi,  empk>yed  in  1908,  7,308  more  than  in 
1889  and  7,706  more  than  in  1880. 


SIAXE. 


Total. 


ArkanaM  

Califonri*  

Colorado  

Connecticut  

Delaware  „. 

DistrirtofCataBlilft. 

Floridft  

Georgia  

Idaho  

Illinois.  

Indiana.  

Iowa.  


Kentucky  

T<onfail«na.  

Maine  

Maryland  

Massachusette.  .  . 

Michigan  

Minnesota  

MississippL  

Missouri  

Montana  

Nebraska  

Nevada  

New  Hampshire. 

New  Jennr  

NewMezloo  

New  York  

North  Carolina... 
North  Dakota... 

Ohio  

Oklahoma  

Oregon  

Pennsylvania.... 

Rhode  Island  

South  Carolina... 
South  Dakota.... 

TennesMt.  

Texas.  

Utrii  

VOUMMrt.  

Viigtaiia  

Washington  

West  vrrglnla,  

Wisconsin........ 

Wyoming  


141,031 


960 

m 

4,  MO 


1,895 
1,744 


9,006 
2,215 


4,359 
972 
786 
97 
544 
5,492 
6,857 
18,316 
11,535 
3,294 
931 
2,031 
906 


129 


79 
7,145 


•fin 


2,018 
3 

4,769 
1,237 
1,404 
2,530 
33 
427 
1,720 


19,906 
4,879 
8 

1,889 


BiBLonn.1 


134,923 


667 
207 
4,097 
27 
2,376 
1,656 
102 
3,379 
212 
115 
799 
292 
348 
175 
374 
742 
10,944 
25,856 
15,693 
3,113 
474 
811 
504 
43 
90 
211 
314 
9,983 
8 

7,va 

8,03 

9 

1,832 
13 
2,911 
2,066 
1,745 
1,740 
62 
369 
684 
18 
117 
18,892 
2,971 
45 
1,456 
7 


95.684 


545 


2,<N> 

'2,585 
1.662 


2,284 
809 


1,300 
8,110 
15.873 
17.165 
1,600 
30 
HO 


376 


•,0I» 

4,m 


2,795 
511 


491 


>  Not  including  shoresmen. 

'  Not  including  trmsient  fishermen. 

•Mot  liwlnrtiin  tiMM  •agvlograd  on  lalaiMl  watan,  tmpttat  tiM  Gnat 


CHAPTER  lY. 


CAPITAL  AND  IX^JIPMENT. 


Although  it  is  impossible  to  collect  satisfactory  sta- 
tistics in  regard  to  capital  invested  in  the  filling  in- 
dustry, it  was  considered  necessary  to  include  in  the 
schedule  an  inquiry  on  this  subject.  The  number  and 
value  of  the  different  classes  of  vessels,  boats,  and  ap- 
paratus of  capture  were  reported  separately.  The 
value  of  land,  buildings,  machinery,  tools,  implements, 
and  other  fixed  capital,  as  well  as  cash  on  hand,  mate- 
rials in  stock,  and  the  various  other  items  of  hve 
capital,  were  returned  as  separate  items  of  investment. 
The  instructions  for  the  inquiiy  given  on  the  e^Mduie 
were  as  fofiowa: 

The  answer  must  show  the  total  amount  of  capital,  both  owned 
and  borrowed.  All  the  items  of  fixed  and  live  capital  may  be 
taken  at  the  amounts  carried  on  the  books.  If  land  or  bnildings 
an  rented  or  vessels  are  chartered,  that  fact  should  be  stated  and 
the  value  given.  The  value  of  all  items  of  live  capital,  bills  re- 
ceivable, unsettled  ledger  accounts,  materials,  products,  and  cash 
<mliaiid,etc.,  abouldbegiveBatoi  thelwgiBi^of  thetwnMn 
yMrMqpotted. 

The  total  capital  invested  in  the  commercial  fish- 
eries of  the  United  Statea,  as  compiled  from  the  an- 
swers to  this  inquiry,  amounted  to  $42,021,000,  of 
which  57  per  cent  was  invested  in  vessel  fisheries  and 
43  per  cent  in  shore  and  boat  fisheries.  The  following 
tabular  statement  gives  the  leading  items  of  capital: 


CLASS  or  nnrBsiMnc 

Shore  and 

boat 
fisheries. 

$42,021,000 

$24,030,000 

$17,991,000 

Vessels  and  boats,  including  outfit  

25, 101,000 
8,999,000 
5,342,000 

17,823,000 
2,203,000 
2,345,000 
1,«S»,0W 

7,277,000 
6,796,000 
2,W7i000 

Shore  and  accessory  property  includes  wharf  prop- 
erty, fish  depots,  house  boats,  shelters  built  near  or 
upon  fiishing  grounds,  and  unused  apparatus  of  cap- 
ture; it  does  not  include  investments  in  preserving  or 
eetabliahments.  Cash  ooonete  of  the  eiaient 
funds  employed  in  the  bueonees. 

In  the  case  of  both  classes  of  fisheries  the  craft 
used  was  the  largest  item  of  investment.  The  capital 
invested  in  the  vessels,  including  outfits,  of  the  vessel 
fisheries  was  nearly  equal  to  the  entire  investment  in 
shore  and  boat  fisheries  and  more  tlian  twice  the  capi- 
tal reported  as  inveeted  in  boats  by  the  shoie  and  boat 
iriiem.  tiM  ijiptnitiie  of  eaptim  need  by  the  above 


and  boat  fisheries,  however,  had  ft  value  over  three 
times  as  great  as  that  used  by  the  vessel  fisheriee. 

The  investment  in  shore  and  accessory  property  was 
larger  for  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  but  a  larger 
amount  of  cash  was  reported  for  the  vessel  fisheries. 
The  amount  represented  by  sliore  and  accessory  prop- 
erty and  cash  combined  did  not  differ  materially  f<w 
tbe  two  classes  of  fisheries. 

Hie  capital  invested  in  the  Atlantic  coast  diviaon 
exceeded  that  of  all  the  other  divisions  combined,  be- 
ing 60  per  cent  of  the  total  In  the  case  of  nearly 
every  item  more  than  one-half  of  the  total  for  the 
United  States  was  reported  for  this  geographic  divi- 
sion. 

The  Great  Lakes  division  is  the  only  one  in  which 
there  was  less  capital  invested  in  vessels  and  boats 
than  in  apparatus  of  capture.  In  this  district  the 
amount  reported  for  shore  and  aiceiBHi'y  ptopefiy 

and  cash  was  relatively  high. 

The  capital  invested  is  presented  by  main  geographic 
divisions  in  Table  1  on  page  22  and  by  states  on  page 
13.  Those  states  reporting  an  amount  in  exeees  of 
$2,000,000  axe  shown  in  the  following  tabular  state- 
ment in  the  order  of  rank.  The  nine  states  given  had 
invested  a  total  capital  of  $27,227,000,  or  65  per  cent 
of  the  total  investment  in  the  industry. 


STAXb 

Percent 
di«tt«>» 

m 

5, 7.'io,  noo 

3,832,000 
3,441,000 
2,984,000 
2,416,000 
2,411,000 
2,281,000 
2,099,000 
2,013,000 
14,7M,000 

14 
9 

8 

7 

e 
• 

8 

6 
5 

Ve8$dt  and  hoatt.—TnJtAd  3  on  page  23  gives  in 
detail  the  statistics  ci  vesseb  and  boats  for  the  United 

States  as  a  whole,  and  for  the  main  geographic  divisiona. 
The  value  of  vessels,  outfits  of  vessels,  and  boats  em- 
ployed in  the  fisheries  of  the  United  States  amounted 
to  $25,101,000,  or  60  per  cent  of  the  total  capital. 

The  distinction  between  vessels  and  boats  ia  one  of 
tonnage.  The  term  "vessel"  is  applied  to  aO  craft 
of  5  tons  register  or  over,  whether  or  not  they  are 
registerBd  as  nqvind  by  the  mmgtAm  laws  of  the 


FfiSH^IES  W  fffi  UNITED  STATES,  190a 


United  States.  Allcnfiol  tow  tiuu6  taWMsdMH- 

fied  as  boat^. 

Outfit  includes  provisions  for  the  crew,  and  salt, 
baity  ice,  and  other  articles  used  in  the  taking  and  pre- 
1 1  iiiji,  of  the  product,  but  does  not  ineliide  boats  ear- 
lied  by  the  ^mhIs  aad  mtA  artklwas  repav  tools, 
nautical  iuskuiueiits,  hawsers,  anchors,  or  charts. 
As  these  are  considered  a  part  of  the  vessel,  tbflir 
Talue  is  included  in  the  value  of  the  vessels. 

The  subclass  bearing  the  designation  "Other," 
Hfiiich  is  shown  in  the  tables  under  ^  heads  of  both 
Y«nli  aad  boaAi>  OMlades  seows  and  baiges  and  all 
unrigged  or  towed  craft  of  5  tons  or  more  register  in 
the  class  of  vessels  and  oi  less  than  5  tons  in  the  class 
of  boats.  It  does  not  include  house  boats,  floating 
wharves,  or  any  sort  of  moored  craft  used  only  as 
living  quarters,  as  warehouses,  or  as  docks.  Such  items 
are  included  under  '^Stkon  and  accessory  property." 
r-  The  ill  UMl  Mill  Si  ^wmIb  wm  $13,806,000,  «r  55 
pet  cmt  <rf  the  total  mTestment  in  craft,  indnding  oot- 
Cte,  and  the  investmmt  in  their  outfits,  $4,026,000,  or 
16  per  cent,  together  making  a  total  of  $17,832,000 
pertaining  to  vessel  fisheries,  or  71  per  cent  of  the  value 
of  all  floating  equipment.  The  investment  in  boats, 
iriiich  was  $7,269,000,  or  29  per  eeat  of  the  total,  rep- 
MMttto  lha  shm  of  the  flheie  awl  boal  iriima  in  «ys 
kaid  d  equipment.  Boats  carried  on  vessels  must  not 
be  confused  with  boats  used  in  the  shore  and  boat 
iriieries.  The  value  of  the  fomer  m  included  in  the 
Talue  of  the  vessels. 

Vessels  are  of  two  classes,  those  engaged  in  fishing 
aad  those  engaged  im  trani^orting  the  product  to  port 
ar  to  in  Wit.  Fhiiiiig  Tf—nis  had  a  Taliie  of 
$11,2M^OOO,  or  82  per  cent  of  the  total  for  vessels  and 
54  per  cent  of  the  total  for  all  craft.  The  value  of 
outfits  was  much  larger  for  the  fishing  vessels,  as 
transporting  vessels  carry  no  bait  and  remain  away 
from  port  a  shorter  period.  Including  outfits,  the 
idling  veaMls  had  a  total  Tahie  of  $14,849,000,  of 
«iielitiMT«k»of  o«tfitB06astitated24perceiit;  and 
the  transporting  vessels  a  total  Talne  oi  $2,992,000,  of 
which  the  value  of  outfits  constituted  15  per  cent. 
Fishing  vessels  and  their  outfits  formed  59  per  cent  of 
the  investment  in  vessels,  outfits,  and  boats,  and 
transporting  vessels  12  per  cent. 

The  dasaficatkm  ni  veawla  and  boats  according  to 
■MM  of  propidnHi  is  of  special  interest  as  diowing 
A»  eortent  to  which  power  craft  are  used.  The  yeflseis 
leporled  under  the  head  "Steam  and  motor"  were 
mainly  steam  vessels,  and  the  boats  so  leprarted 
principally  gasoline  and  naphtha  launches. 

Of  the  $21,075,000  invested  in  vessels  and  boats,  not 
including  outfits,  55  per  cent  represents  the  vahie  of 
craft  propelled  by  engines,  39  per  eea*  lb»  fitee  of 
wmSmg  bonto  Mid  fMHle,  4  per  otnt  the  value  of  low- 


Vessds  and  boats,  by  divisions. — The  Atlantic  coast 
division  is  credited  with  66  per  cent  of  the  total 
investment  in  vessels  and  boats.  Of  the  $16,553,000 
so  invested  there,  58  per  cent  was  in  vessels,  17  per 
cent  in  ootfits,  and  25  per  cent  in  boats.  The  per- 
centages for  vessels  and  outfits  are  laiger  than  in  aaj 
other  division,  and  that  for  boats  is  smaller. 

The  value  of  the  steam  and  motor  vessels  in  use  in 
the  Atlantic  coast  division  was  50  per  cent  of  the  total 
for  all  vessels  in  the  division,  but  their  number  and  ton- 
nage formed  <»]y  34  per  cent  and  29  per  cent,  respec- 
ttvet]r,*of  the  oornqponding  totab.  AHhoi^  09  per 
cent  of  the  steam  tcMmage  of  all  vessels  in  the  United 
States  fisheries  was  reported  from  the  Atlantic  coast 
division,  the  proportions  of  the  total  number,  tonnage, 
and  value  were  higher  for  saiUng  vessels,  indicating  a 
greater  relative  use  of  the  latter  in  these  waters.  The 
value  of  steam  vessels,  not  tnolnding  outfits,  exceeded 
that  of  ffifjing  vessels  anMmg  ftihmg  vessels  in  Hub 
division,  but  not  among  transporting  vessels. 

Steam  and  motor  boats  of  the  Atlantic  coast  divi- 
sion, although  forming  only  16  per  cent  of  all  boats 
in  number,  contributed  60  per  cent  of  the  total  value 
of  boats  for  that  division.  Of  the  value  of  all  craft 
in  tiie  Atkmlic  eoMt  divisiim,  $7,324,000,  or  63  per 
eeni,  repwsents  the  vidae  of  onft  ecpnpped 
steam  or  other  power;  $5,833,000,  or  42  per  cent, 
that  of  sailing  craft;  S484,000,  or  4  per  cent,  row- 
boats;  and  $90,000,  or  less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per 
cent,  scows  or  barges. 

The  Pacific  coast  division  ranked  next  to  the  Atlantic 
coast  divinon  in  the  amoimt  mvested  in  vessels,  outfits, 
and  boata,  altiiou^  it  reported  only  14  per  cent  of  the 
total  for  the  United  States.  Steam  vessels  were  m 
general  use,  forming  72  per  cent  of  all  veasela  and  con- 
tributing 83  per  cent  of  the  entire  value. 

In  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  division  the  investment  in  ves- 
sels, outfits,  and  boats  amounted  to  $2,805,000,  which 
was  11  per  cent  of  that  ior  the  United  Stales.  The 
proportion  rqareseated  by  tnnsporting  veneii  waa  16 
per  cent,  wldeh  waa  greater  than  in  the  eomlqr  m  ft 
whole. 

The  capital  invested  in  vessels  and  boats  in  the 
Great  Lakes  division  ($1,651,000,  or  7  per  cent  of  the 
total)  was  distributed  as  follows:  vessels,  52  percent; 
outfits,  11  per  cent;  and  boats,  37  percent.  'WHhone 
exception,  all  veawls  were  opcnted  by  steam  or 
motor  power.  Of  the  value  of  boats  on  the  Great 
Lakes,  81  per  cent  is  credited  to  power  craft,  while 
steam  or  motor  craft  represents  92  per  cent  of  the 
total  investment  in  craft,  not  including  outfit. 

The  investment  of  the  fisheries  of  the  Mississippi 
Biver  and  its  tributaries  in  vweb  and  boata  ($547,000, 
inelMBng  outfits),  waa  2  per  cent  of  the  total  ao  in- 
vested in  the  United  States.  This  is  the  only  division 
in  which  the  value  of  the  boats  exceeded  that  of  the 
veseels.  Steam  and  motor  craft  contribated  61  per 


CJJPlTMi  AND 


cent  of  the  value  of  all  boats  and  65  per  cent  of  the 
value  of  all  craft  of  the  Mississippi  River  division, 
which,  exclusive  of  outfits,  was  $528,000. 
The  amount  invested  in  veesela  in  the  United  States 

aa  a  whole  wss  divided  between  fishing  veaseb  and 
transporting  vessels  in  the  proportion  of  82  per  cent 
and  18  per  cent,  respectively.  In  the  Atlantic  coast 
division  the  proportion  of  the  total  vessel  investment 
represented  by  fishing  vessels  was  83  per  cent;  in  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  78  per  cent;  in  the  Pacific  coast,  73 
per  cent;  In  the  Gfeat  Lakes,  91  per  cent;  and  in  the 
fidMries  Qt  the  liiiMppi  Bifw  and  its  tabntariea, 
19  per  cent. 

The  average  tonnage  of  vessels  was  slightly  over  18 
tons,  the  average  for  steam  vessels  being  1 6  tons,  and 
for  sailing  vessels  20  tons.  The  following  tabular 
statement  gives  the  avorage  tonnage  of  the  several 
otasses  of  vesseb  for  the  United  States  and  for  the 
five  geographic  drriflxms: 


AmUMK  TOMM AGB  Ot  TXaSKL. 


CLUB  09  TBaaCL. 

Uated 

Atlan- 
tic 
coast 
dlvl- 

rfOD. 

Gulf  Of 
Mexico 
divi- 
sion. 

Pacific 

coast 

divl- 

SiOD. 

Great 
Lakes 
divi- 
sion. 

Missis- 
sippi 
River 
divi- 
sion. 

"ISBmT^'  

17 

IG 

9 

43 

14 

7 

8MI  

20 

20 

14 

125 

fteMporting  vessels: 

12 

11 

15 

13 

14 

12 

«■&  

21 

17 

11 

687 

7 

Apparatus  of  capture,— the  total  investment  in 
apparatus  of  eH>tai«  waa  $8,999,000.  Detailed  statia- 
tic8  for  ea^  eh«i  ct  fisheriee  an  given  m  Table  2  on 

page  22. 

In  point  of  value,  poimd  nets,  trap  nets,  and  weirs 
were  the  most  important  class  of  apparatus  of  capture, 
having  a  total  value  of  $3,000,000,  which  is  33  per 
oent  of  the  value  of  all  appsratw  of  <»ptttre  used. 
The  value  ol  the  pound  net  varied  greatly  aecordmg 
to  its  size,  ranging  from  less  than  $100  to  over 
12,000  for  some  in  use  in  the  Pacific  coast  division. 
They  were  most  numerous  in  the  Atlantic  coast  fish- 
eries. Gill  nets  were  in  extensive  and  general  use,  rank- 
ing second  in  value  among  all  apparatus  of  capture. 

Next  in  importance  to  ^  nets  w«re  seinee,  vahied 
at  $987,000,  <^  wUdi  $280,000  repreaenta  the  vahie 
(tf  466  purse  seines  and  $662,000  that  of  7,530  haul 
and  other  seines.  By  far  the  greater  number  of  the 
seines  used  and  all  but  9  per  cent  of  the  purse  seines 
were  reported  by  the  fisheries  of  the  Atlantic  coast. 

Fyke  and  hoop  nets  ranked  fourth  in  value. 
Althom^  used  in  laige  nnmben  In  evnj  division, 
thej  wen  moat  jHtondnent  m  the  firiieriee  of  the 
mmK  tad  Hi  tfihitofiMj 


tributed  66  per  cent  of  the  number  and  56  per  cent 
of  the  value  of  all  fyke  and  hoop  neli  nnd  in  Ihii 
country. 

The  value  of  att  danea  of  nets  used  in  the  fiaheriee 

of  the  United  States  amounted  to  $7,315,000,  or  81 
per  cent  of  the  value  of  all  apparatus  of  capture. 

Of  apparatus  other  than  nets,  the  most  important 
as  measured  by  value  were  hand,  trawl,  and  set  lines. 
The  Atlantic  coast  division  led  in  this  kind  of 
paratus,  reporting  $367,000,  or  77  per  oent  of  the 
value  of  all  lines  uaed. 

Pots  and  traps  of  various  kinds,  which  had  a  total 
value  of  $457,000,  were  for  the  most  part  employed 
in  the  lobster  and  eel  fisheries  of  the  Atlantic  coast. 
The  few  lobster  pots  and  traps  shown  for  the  Pacific 
coast  fisheries  were  used  in  the  spring  lobator  oatdL 
PraeticaUy  all  the  eel  pota  and  traps  beioqged  to 
the  Atlantic  coast  fisheries. 

Dredges,  tongs,  rakes,  etc.,  were  used  most  exten- 
sively in  the  Atlantic  coast  and  Gidf  of  Mexico  fisheries. 
This  class  of  apparatus  was  also  used  to  a  small  extent 
in  the  mussel-diell  industry  of  the  Mississippi  River 
division  and  in  the  molfaucan  firiieriea  of  the  Padfie 
coast. 

Other  apparatus  of  capture  included  the  wheels  and 
slides  of  the  Pacific  coast  fisheries,  the  fishing  machines 
of  North  Carolina,  and  the  sponge  apparatna  of  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico  sponge  fisheries. 

The  following  tabular  statement  gives  the  amount 
invested  in  apparatus  of  capture,  by  atatee 
in  the  order  of  the  value  of  apparatus  repotted: 


IToHad 


Washlnf^n  

Ulchigan  

Oregon  

Massachusetts.. 

Maine  

California  

Vlrdnla  

Ohio  

Wisconsin  

Maryland  

North  CaroUaa. 

New  YoA  

Florida  

niinois  

Rhode  Island.. 
FWmsTlvania... 


ofea» 


ts. 


1,102.000 
821,000 
796,000 
775,000 
576,000 
SQZ,000 
485,000 
423.000 
407,000 

S87,fln 

362,000 
326.000 
272,000 
230,000 
U4,000 


The  table  on  page  22  gives  statistics  concerning  the 
different  kinds  of  apparatus  of  capture  as  reported 
for  the  vessel  and  for  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries, 
respectively. 

Shore  and  aeemtory  property  ami  eaiik.— The  db- 
tribtttion  of  the  ei^iital  Inveated  in  dkora  and  aocesBoiy 
property  and  cash  la  dioWB  bj  yopiphie  ditMlli—  ili 
the  tahit  iffllinring 


fffiHERXES  QF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


Total  M2, 021,000 


Veaseb,  Inclnding 

outfit  

Fishing  

Tmispuftiiig.  

Zimmaad  motor. 

Safl  

Row  and  other. .. 
Apparatus  of  capture, 
■m*  aad  aoceanry 


17,831,000 
14,S«>,000 
2,982,000 
7,200,000 
4,016,000 
2,062,000 
1,UO^«0 


Pot 
cent 

Iiflm- 


100 


42 
35 
7 
17 
10 
6 
9 
» 

1» 


Amount. 


05,386,000 


12, 
10, 
1. 
4, 
2, 
1, 


449,000 
607,000 
612,000 
104,000 

«n,ooo 

073,000 
880,000 
8B,fl00 


Per  I 
cent 

dis- 
tifbo- 
tton. 


Amount. 


100 


40 

42 
7 

16 

10 
4 
2 

U 

ao 


63,901,000 


1,964,000 
1,518,000 
447,000 
841,000 
207,000 
505,000 
120,000 
674,000 

732,000 


Pot 
cent 
dis- 
tribu- 
tion. 


100 


50 
39 
11 
22 

5 
13 

3 
10 

19 


Amount. 


(6,468,000 


2,307,000 
1,764,000 
543,000 
1,237,000 
552.000 
449.000 
236,000 

%4m,m 


Per 
cent 
dis- 
tribu- 

tiCHl. 


100 


36 
27 
8 
19 
9 
7 
4 

38 


Amotmt. 


$1,440,000 


77,000 
19,000 

58,000 
470,000 
289,000 
1,000 
180,000 
514,000 

sra,ooo 


Per 
cent 
dis- 
tribo- 
tkn. 


100 


$4,814,000 


5 
1 
4 
33 
20 

(>) 
12 

36 

26 


1,034,000 
942,000 
92,000 
617,000 
497,000 
35,000 
85,000 
1,831,000 


Per 
cent 
dls- 
tribo- 
ticm. 


100 


21 
20 
2 
13 
10 
1 
2 
38 

26 


MB  can  or  loco- 


AtlMI- 

tic 
coast 
dlTt- 


60 


70 
71 
62 
56 
62 
62 
47 
42 

66 


Golf 
of 
Mexico 


11 
10 
15 
12 

6 
24 
11 

4 


Pa- 
cific 
coast 
dlvl- 


15 


13 
12 
18 
17 
14 
22 
20 
27 


iTiiHilfrwt 
T*MM  t.— AFPABATUS  OF  CAPTUBB: 


196S. 


PTkeandlMpMli.  

OiUnets.  

Poond  nets,  tnp  nete,  and  webs  

^B^andcltar.  

^JO^^  •••• 

HBISB^.. 

stop  

Beam  trawls  

gKpo^vy^^gte^.^^  

IMiandtiqM  

Ed  pots  and  traps  

Lobster  pots  and  traps  

Otter,  mink,  and  muskrat  traps  

Other  pots  and  traps  

^onge  ^yratas  

JSu&!!!f:.^.???::::::::::::-":::" 


VOCAL. 


Honbcr. 


81,191 
233,256 
16, 104 
7,996 
466 
7,530 
4,760 
13,027 
176 
723 
1,853 
191 
5,796 
20 
4,248 
25 
160 


464,002 
32,172 
270,251 
133.185 
28,394 


60 


Vahw. 


$8,999,000 


504,000 
2,700,000 
3,000,000 
937,000 
286,000 
652,000 
121,000 
44,000 
5,S0O 
2,300 
9,200 
400 
10,000 
7,200 
8,800 
400 
4,900 
16,000 
476,000 
457,000 
25,000 
376,000 
28,000 
29.000 
7t),000 
237.000 
375,000 
41,000 


Number. 


4,390 
111,093 
362 
1,111 
466 
645 
83 
24 
3 


2 
19 


106 


28,568 
3,769 

22,787 
12 
2,000 


Valne. 


$1,910,000 


19,000 
779,000 

166,000 
342,000 
286,000 
56,000 
4,200 

7,aiB 
m 


0) 


7,100 


3,500 
11,000 
353,000 
40,000 
4.200 
35,000 

<\» 

66,686 


118,000 
12,000 


76,801 
122,163 
16,768 
6,686 


6,886 
4,«77 

723 
1,863 

101 
6,794 

4,943 
2S 
68 


436,434 
28,403 
247,464 
133,173 
26,394 


CAPITAL  AND  EQUIPMENT. 

Tabm  S.-NTJMBBR,  tonnage,  and  VALUB  of  vessels  and  BOATS:  im. 


23 


GLAflB. 


Total  TtllM. 


NumbOT  

Tonnage  

Value  of  vessels  

Value  of  outfit  

Boats  carried,  number.. 
Steam  and  motor— 

Number  

Tonnage  

Value  of  vessels  

Value  of  outfit  

Boats  canM,  Bombv. 
Stft— 

Number  

Ttirrnapi  

Value  of  vessels  

Value  of  oiitftt  

Boats  carried,  numbOT. 

OtbBF- 

Nnmber  

Value  of  THBlb.  

nUng  vessels- 
Number  

Toimage  

Value  of  vessels  

Value  of  outfit  

Boats  oanled,  nombar. 
Steam  and  motor- 
Number  < 

Tonnase  

Value  of  vessels  

Value  of  outfit. 


Ntmiber  ............. 

Tonnage  

Value  of  vessels  

Value  of  outfit  

Boats  carried,  numbOT.. 
Other- 
Number  

Value  of  1 
ftusportlng ' 

Number  

Tonnage  

Value  of  vessels  

Value  of  outfit  

Boats  carried,  ninnbv.. 
Steam  and  motor— 

NumbOT  

Tonnage  

Value  of  vessels......... 

Vahg^  outfit.....^.. 

Beil—  ' 

Number  

Tonnage  

Value  of  vessels  

Value  of  outfit  

Boats  carried,  number. 
OthOT— 

Number  

Value  of  ^ 

lOirtR 

Number  

Value  

Steam  and  motor — 

Numlier  

Value  


NtnnbOT. 

Value  

Row— 

Number. 
Valoo... 

Other— 


Untted  States. 

Atlantic 

coast 
diviskm. 

Gulf  of  ' 
Mexico 
division. 

Pacific 
coast 
divialoii. 

Great  Lakes 
dlTiaiim. 

Mississipi^ 

RiVOT 

diTisioii. 

$2.-,.  101.000  1 

616,666,006 

63,545,000 

61,651,000 

I60.S1S 

6,933 
126,453 
tU,  806, 000 

KO^ooo 

ir,606 

5,370 
95,502 
$9,628,000 
62,8U.000 

9,671 

915 

ii.ri<>5 

$1,521,000 
6443,000 
X"9 

294 

14.. 503 
$1,740,000 
•<uui  nnn 

649 

319 
4,499 
$839,000 
6175,000 

116 

35 
284 
$58,000 
$19,000 

M 

2,561 
40,723 
$7,540,000 
61.762.000 
6,089 

1,844 

28,037 
64,853.000 
61,003.000 
2,900 

162 
1,973 
$334,000 
$88,000 
177 

211 
5,944 
$1,439,000 
$476,000 

358 

SIS 
4,499 

$850,000 

$175,000 
166 

26 
270 
166,000 
SI9^600 

4,182 

85,730 
t6  196  000 

62,264,000 

8,m 

190 
$70,000 

J,4« 
tf7,465 
$4,761,000 
•1,818,000 
6,771 

79 

$14,000 

605 
9,692 
61,145,000 
166^000 

56 

$43,000 

38 
8,650 
6390,000 

s 

SMS 

•n,606 
188 

4.5 

$10,000 

1 

SNO 

T 

fi;m 

5,148 
96,009 

tS,S74,000 
]•,«« 

3,959 
73,749 
$8,035,000 
62,67J«0 

746 

9.702 
$1,181,000 
6337,000 

liui 

149 

8.471 
$1,209,000 
64K,000 

287 
4,047 
$780,000 
6162,000 

116 

T 

40 

$11,000 
67,600 

1,888 
32,609 
16,012,000 
61,482,000 

3,056 

1,416 
23,295 
$4,067,000 
$866,000 
2,490 

76 
646 

&660- 

85 

107 
4,582 
tL057,000 

380 
4,047 

$780,000 
$162,000 
153 

• 

69 

^eo.ooo 

319 

s 

3.135 
f.3.  400 
IIL249  000 

637 
9,057 
61,064,000 
6310,000 

31 
3,889 
6210,000 

3I« 

2,467 
.50,454 
$3,955,000 
$1,706,000 
5,929 

•  •••••■•■•■■to* 

•^661,000 

7,284 

1,6» 

125 

I  $15,000 

76 

$12,000 

86 
6860 

11 

$1,100 

1 

$100 

1 

6300 

1.785 
30,444 
62.530.000 
1462,000 
1,465 

1,411 
21,753 
$1,593,000 
$249,000 
1,252 

1«9 

1,963 
6341,000 
$106,000 
166 

146 
6^666 
60i;666 

83 

452 
$79,000 
614.0» 

36 

244 
$47,000 
6U,000 
IS 

673 
8,114 
$1^,000 

573 

428 
4,742 
6786,000 
1138  000 

410 

80 
1,328 
6888,000 
661.<ie6 

104 
1,362 
6668,600 
686,666 

» 

408 

IS 

is 

wSs 

IS 

1,047 
22,330 
$047,000 
6173,000 

980 
17,011 
$806,000 
6112,000 

58 
635 
$61,000 
$45,000 

44 

22 

$42,000 

7 

4,670 
680,000 
•M.68. 

■•«*•••••>■••« 

s 

14 

802 

65 

$55,000 

842 
3 

$1,800 

34 

$9, 100 

6 

62.100 

83*549 
17,989,600 

52,114 
64,104,000 

8,971 
$841,000 

7,231 
$1,237,000 

3,956 

$617,000 

11,377 
6470,000 

19,251 
64,016,000 

8,472 
63,471,000 

518 
$207,000 

866 
1681,006 

tm'm 

i,i6r 

20,144 
62,062,000 

14.410 
$1,073,000 

2.443 
$505,000 

2,906 
$449,000 

378 
635,000 

IS 

61,066 

47,785 

$904,000 

i  27,006 
$484,000 

5,830 
$105,000 

2,8.57 
695,000 

2,290 
651,000 

9,712 
$169,000 

3,360 
I186,06» 

1  2,136 
in,600 

ISO 
691,600 

606 
1I4I,066 

^208 

946 
SU.66S 

CHAPTER  Y. 


PBODUCT& 


tl»  vifaw  «r  tiM  U«7  prodnete  in  1908  k  the 
laigest  yet  reoratled,  and  is  in  hmrmmy  with  the  daw 

but  steady  growth  revealed  by  provious  canvasses  made 
under  the  direction  of  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries  or  by  the 
Bureau  of  the  Census.  Comparative  figures  as  to  the 
total  value  of  products  for  1908  and  prior  years  have 
kMn  gnrn  In  Gb^yler  I  of  this  report.   Table  1,  on 

y^ge1ll,fa>ccnqwtiMiy#«innHiMyoftheqnintliyand 
valne  of  the  prodvelB  at  the  present  ocnsus  and  as 
nperted  by  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries  for  the  period 
lfOO-1904,  grouped  according  to  general  classes. 

The  increase  has  been  more  or  less  general  for  those 
itons  which  are  shown  separately  for  both  periods. 
Tkmm  wm»  deeraaaea  botb  in  quantity  and  value  for 
— ifcndi  and  irinda  pwrfneto  and  a  decrease  in  value 
ttt  ojiius,  aMwugh  the  qnanlily  of  tins  ptodnet 
shows  an  increase,  lender  thehead  "All  other  products  " 
for  the  period  1900-1904  are  included  products  which 
were  repK)rt«d  separately  in  1908.  The  total  products 
sliowan  increase  in  value  over  those  for  the  earher  years 
«f  »  p«  9m%,  the  Tafaia  off  the  fish  products  reported 
^mmmmg  17  per  «n«  and  tiiat  ot  4snistaeeaaa  25 
per  cent  Molluska  shonr  a  w6^t  decreaae  in  Tahie, 
amounting  to  3  per  cent,  and  the  whale  ptodncto  a 
laige  decrease,  amounting  to  39  per  cent. 

The  following  statement  shows  tlie  distribution  of 
tta  diief  products  of  the  fisheries  as  reported  in  1908; 


nSHXST  PBOOUCTS:  1908. 


Quantity. 

Percent 

Parent 

asT 

1,803,454,000 

100 

$54,031,000 

100 

l,HI,tt7,000 

1.046.541.000 
394,776,000 
96,225,000 
347,799,000 
622,000 
4,088,000 
3,403,000 

76 
55 
21 
5 

^1  " 

30,247,000 
29,354,000 
893,000 
3,466,000 
18,752,000 
545,000 
497,000 
523,000 

56 
54 
2 
6 
35 
1 
1 
1 

mmb  

*  hm  than  1  per  ceat. 

Fish  proper  fonned  more  than  three-fourths  off  the 

quantity  (76  per  cent)  and  more  than  half  the  value 
(56  per  cent)  of  the  entire  product.  Menhaden  alone 
contributed  more  than  one-fourtJi  of  the  total  quantity 
IvileBB  than  one-thirtieth  of  the  total  value  of  fish.  On 
**"*i**^<fc>8wiiinport«ntje  oi  the  oyster  fisheries 
■dkibi  wen  the  most  important  product  oatride  off 
Sail  |m>per,  both  in  quantity  and  in  value^  iifip  ]g 
per  cent  of  the  total  quantity  and  35  pmt  c«ft  ot 
the  total  value  of  the  fishery  nroducto. 

(24) 


TaUe  2,  on  page  26,  gives  statistics  sho\i'ing  the 
products  by  species  for  the  United  States  and  for  the 
several  geographic  divisitnis.  TheTalneofftheprodnot 

taken  by  the  fisheries  of  the  Atlantic  coast  diriaion  is 
nearly  double  that  of  all  the  rest  of  the  country  com- 
bined, being  66  per  cent  of  the  total  for  the  United 
States.    The  Pacific  coast  division  ranked  next  in  the 
value  of  it8  cateh,  with  13  per  cent  of  the  total.  The 
Gulf  <rf  Modeo,  theGfeat  Lakes,  and  the  Missisaippi 
Birer  diviwnis  contributed,  respeetiToIy,  9  per  cent, 
7  per  c«it,  and  6  per  cent  of  the  total  value.  The 
oyster  product  leads  all    other  species  in  value, 
contributing  29  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products. 
Salmon  ranked  next  to  oysters  in  the  value  of  the 
catch,  being  the  leading  species  of  fish  in  this  respect. 
A  catch  valued  at  12,000,000  or  over  is  also  reported 
for  cod  and  shad,  winle  lobsters,  dams,  squeteague, 
halibut,  haddock,  and  carp  each  show  a  product 
in  excess  of  $1,000,000  in  value.    In  the  first  of  the 
following  tables  the  30  leading  species,  including  all  for 
which  the  reported  product  had  a  value  in  excess  of 
$400,000,  are  ranked  according  to  the  value  of  the 
catdi,  and  in  the  second  the  quantity  and  value  off 
products  are  shown  by  i^ates  ranked  according  to 
value  ol  jMPoduet: 


Rank. 


1 

>  2 
'  3 
/4 
5 
"6 
7 
8 
9 

r  10 
'  11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 

20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 

as 

37 

as 
a» 

SB 


ancna. 


Oytttm.  

Cod . . . . 

Shad  

Lobster  ,  

Clams  

Squetea^w  

Halibut  

Haddock  

Carp,  Gemm  

Lake  heiriac  

Crabs*  

MnSit.^..  

Mackerel  , 

Lake  trout  , 

Herring.  salt-wat«r  

Catfish  

Mussel   shells,  pearls, 
slugs  

Alewfves  

Flounders  

Pike  perch. ............ 

Sponges  

Whiteflah  

BhMOrii  

Buffalo  fish  

Shrimp  and  mnm,  

Hake  VZ..  

aSfc:::::::::::::::: 


and 


mmutY  PBODUcis:  1906. 


nans.  000 

saar.ooo 

110,054,000 
27,641,000 
15,279,000 
16,717,000 
49,860,000 
34,441,000 
59,987,000 
42,7&3,000 
41,118,000 
52,913,000 
a3, 703, 000 

394,776,000 
12,108,000 
12,024,000 

125,050,000 
17,817,000 

81,869,000 
13,854,000 
89,978,000 
23,346,000 
15,247,000 
622,000 
7,722,000 
7,647,000 
16,729,000 
19,080,000 
3«,3«,000 
29.402,000 
183,574,000 


tfcm. 


100 


12 
5 
6 
1 
1 
1 
3 
2 
3 
2 
2 
3 
2 
21 
1 
1 
7 
1 

4 

1 
5 
1 
1 


VslM. 


154,031,000 


(») 


1 
1 
3 

a 

10 


15,713,000 
3,347,000 
2,914,000 
2,113,000 
1,031,000 
1,890,000 
1,776,000 
1,562,000 
1,308,000 
1,135,000 
989,000 
912,000 
908,000 
893,000 

soSlSo 

692,000 
651,000 
589,000 
588,000 
580,000 
545,000 
524,000 
506,000 
498,000 
494,000 
454,000 


Bar 
centdi»- 
tribu- 
tkm. 


100 


1^ 


a 

8 
3 

a 

a 
a 


II 


IftltillfiV  surf  dams. 


PRODUCTS. 


25 


Viiitad  Statea.. 


Uassachnaatti.. 

Virginia  

New  York  

Washington  

Florida  

Maryland  

Maine  

New  Jersey  

Connecticut  

California  

North  Carolina. 
Rhode  Island... 
Louisiana.  


nSHKBT  PBODUCTS:  1008. 


Poands. 


Per  cent 
dJstiibD- 


1,803,454,000 


Oregon.... 
Wisconsin. 
Ohio  


Texas. 

Alabama  

Missouri  

I  Carolina. 


Kantneky  

MavHampatiire! 
Kansas  

Nebraska  

South  Dakota... 
Wast  Vi^inte... 


244,313,000 
312,515,000 
76,485,000 
100,456,000 
74,087,000 
113,796,000 
173,843,000 
71,827,000 
66,942,000 
47,477,000 
101,422,000 
44,254,000 
46,106,000 
3B,  302, 000 
74,620,000 
28,217,000 
30,953,000 
28,917.000 
14,828,000 
20,547,000 
70,769,000 
11,888,000 
10,439,000 
10,665,000 
6,751,000 
14,104,000 
15,507,000 
8,867,000 
12,507,000 
7, 475, 000 
4,50(i,000 
5,390,000 
677, 000 
432,000 
399,000 
70,000 
33,000 
6,7m 


100 


(') 


(') 

(') 

{') 
(I) 

(0 

(') 
(1) 


13 
17 
4 
5 
4 
6 
9 
4 
4 
3 
5 
2 
2 
2 
4 
1 
2 
2 
1 
1 
4 
1 
1 
1 

I 
1 


Vdne. 


Amount 


I 


354,031,000 

7,095,000 
4,716,000 
4,594,000 
3,51.3,000 
3, 389, 000 
3,306,000 
3,257,000 
3,069,000 
2,982,000 
1,970,000 
1,776,000 
1,752,000 
1,569,000 
1,473,000 
1,436,000 
1,356,000 
1,067,000 
840,000 
701,000 
556,000 
541,000 
513,000 
446,000 
387,000 
271,000 
288,000 
223,000 
215,000 
207,000 
192,000 
112,000 
110,000 
53,000 
28,000 
22,000 
4,200 
2,000 


Per  cent 
distiibu- 


100 

li 

9 
9 
7 
6 
6 
6 
« 
6 
4 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
2 


(') 
(') 
(') 
(') 
(') 

i 


•  Less  than  1  per  cent . 

Statistics  are  shown  separately  for  over  a  hundred 
species  of  fish  proper,  and  in  addition  for  about  50 
spedes  of  crustaceans,  mollusks,  aquatic  mammals, 
end  other  products,  tianj  off  the  products  are  brought 
in  from  the  fishing  grounds  in  a  salted  co^idition  or  an 
smoked  by  the  fishermen  and  are  so  reported. 

The  quantity  and  value  of  the  catch  taken  by  each 
class  of  apparatus  of  capture  is  shown  in  Table  3,  on 
page  29,  for  the  United  States  and  for  each  of  the 
main  geographic  divisi<ms  into  ^ch  it  is  divided. 
The  table  abo  shows  the  catdi  tak^  by  each  dass  off 
apparatus  in  the  vessel  firiiMies  and  in  the  ahore  and 
boat  fisheries. 

Table  4,  on  page  30,  shows  the  products  by  spedea 
and  by  apparatus  of  capture. 

Ranked  in  order  of  value,  the  catch  with  dredges, 
tongs,  rakes,  ete.,  ia  fint  in  importance,  representing 
35  per  cent  off  the  total  value  off  jModucts.  lines 
ranked  next,  17  per  cent  of  the  total  value  off  products 
beiqg  taken  by  this  fonm  ol  appantos,  fdfened  by  gill 


nets  with  14  per  cent,  seines  with  11  per  eent, 
pound  and  trap  nets  and  weirs  with  10  per  cent  of  the 
total.  Wheels  and  slides  are  of  course  used  only  in 
the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  and  whaling  apparatus 
only  in  the  vessel  fisheries.  With  these  exceptions 
all  classes  off  apparatus  were  onployed  in  both  classes 
off  fisheries,  although  fyke  and  hoop  nets,  pound  and 
trap  nets,  pots  and  traps,  and  gill  nets  pertain  more 
particularly  to  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries.  On  tbe 
other  hand,  the  catch  by  lines  in  vessel  fisheries  was 
nearly  three  times  in  value  that  of  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries. 

SSnce  the  bulk  <^  the  oyster  producl  ccNnes  ficom 
the  Atlantic  coast,  a  greater  {noportttm  <^  the  total 

product,  45  per  cent,  was  taken  by  dredges,  toi^, 
etc.,  in  that  division  than  in  any  other.  The  line  catch 
represents  18  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products 
for  the  Atlantic  coast  fisheries.  For  both  these  classes 
of  apparatus  the  catch  of  tlie  vessel  fisheries  exc^jeded 
that  off  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  although  the  total 
value  off  products  was  larger  for  the  latter  dass  off 
fisheries. 

In  tlie  Gulf  of  Mexico  division  dredges  and  tongs, 
lines,  seines,  gill  nets,  and  sponge  apparatus  wore  the 
leading  forms  of  ajjparatus  of  capture.  In  the  Pacific 
coast  fisheries  gill  nets  were  the  most  important,  con- 
tributing 34  per  cent  off  the  totU  value  off  products. 
Neariy  all  the  catch  with  tiHtf  apparatus  was  reported 
for  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 

In  the  Great  Lakes  division  54  per  cent  of  the  total 
value  of  products  was  taken  with  gill  nets  and  29  per 
cent  with  pound  and  trap  nets.  Nearly  three-fourths 
of  the  gill-net  catch  was  taken  in  the  vessel  fisheries, 
wMU  tiie  poimd  and  trap  net  catdi  was  taken  mainly 
in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 

For  the  fisheries  of  the  Mifldnnippi  RivOr  and  its 
tributaries,  the  catch  with  seines  represented  29  per 
cent  of  the  value  of  all  products,  that  with  fyke  and 
hoop  nets  23  per  cent,  and  that  with  dredges,  tongs, 
etc.,  comprising  chiefly  crowfoot  dredges  employed  in 
mussd  fisheries,  22  per  cent. 

Table  5,  on  page  34,  is  a  detuled  presentotion  off  the 
products  by  states  and  by  species.  The  quantity  of 
each  species  marketed  by  the  fishermen  in  a  salted  or 
o^moked  condition  is  shown  with  the  understanding 
that,  except  when  otherwise  stated,  tlie  pnxhict  is 
ffresh.  Table  6,  on  page  44,  gives  the  quantity  and 
value  off  the  catch,  by  apparatos  off  capture  and  bj 
states. 


OF  THE  UNTIED  STATES,  19QS. 


Table  1.— PRODUCTS,  BY  GENERAL  CLASSES:  1908  AND  1900  TO  1904. 


It 

IMS 

190l»-19fM> 

Qamatlty 
(pooDda). 

Vakie. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Vokn. 

1,893.454.000 

S54.031.000 

l,919.8r,?.000 

•49,398,000 

wm. 

1.441.317.000 

30.247.000 

1.5;}8,39<i.000  25,758,000 

1,046,541,000 
IN, 776,  MO 

•1^225.000 

20,354,000 
M,000 

3.466.000 

989,275,000 
•40,181,000 

77.813,000 

24,332,000 
1,480,000 

2,704,000 

52,913,000 
666.000 
15.279,000 

sn,oeo 

19,080.000 

7,713,000 

347.799.000 

912.000 
34,000 
1,931.000 
00,000 
494,000 
> 20,000 

18.7.52.000 

40.1.14,000 
.Wi.OOO 
15, 130,000 
1,078,000 
17,095,000 
■3.253.000 

290.891.000 

906.000 
■24.000 
1,382,000 
43,000 
300,000 
» 13,000 

19,385.000 

1,005,000 
16,n7,000 
81,869,000 
233,309,000 
2,432,000 
2.582.000 

4,028,000 

16.000 
1,890,000 
092,000 
15,713,000 
317,000 
48,000 

•45,000 

497,000 

825,000 
19,068,000 

61,856,000 

ao4.iis.ooo 

1,551,000 

f'm[m 

847,800 

5,576,000 

9,200 
1,880,000 
630,000 

16,681,000 
279,000 

.S» 

880p888 

816,000 



3,964,000 

aB,ooo 

08,010 

5,408,000 
114,000 

3U,000 
ll,60l> 

372,000 
48,000 
22,000 
149,000 
7,600 
S,M» 

250,000 
1,457,000 
1,145,000 

61,000 
1,000 
89,000 
13(1,000 
30,000 
8,810 

^,000 
122,000 
35,000 

41,«8I 

(•) 

(•) 

18,000 
(•) 

(•) 
114,000 
136,000 

1,400,000 
5,078,000 

>  Combined  statistics  for  the  New  Encland,  South  .Vtlantic.and  Gulf  states  I 
ia^  aod  the  Gnat  Lakes  for  1903;  and  minor  interior  waters  for  1900-1903. 
■IhIbAm  fclacaakB,  vitaad  at  833JMI0;  and  Sfrider  and  stone  crabs,  valued  at  $3,700. 
«  teiiliM  lliM  I  lohi  I  iliiiHl  ■!  m.lOO.  Hid  Aiimpshdb,  Tallied  at  84,400. 

« iBgrfM  gjj^lfSy^Z^g^f^f^ffj'jLi'l^^  WjWO;  jnaMds.  valued  at  S12,000j^ud  (^arabeUs,  valned  at  8740O. 

•IM 


Tabu  2.— PRODUCTS,  BY  SPECIES  AND  BY  GEOGRAPHIC  DIVISIONS:  1908. 


  1,808.454.000 


VMTED  STATES. 


Qmntit 


854,081,000 


350.000 
80,945,000 
8,840,000 


220,000 
3,138,000 

112.000 
3,313,000 

200,000 

7,094,000 

52,000 
1,006,000 


6,888,000 

42,750.000 

4.500 
17,817.000 
123,000 


Value. 


12.000 
455,000 
130,000 

i,m 

1.600 
87.000 
3.500 
255.000 
5,500 

504,000 
1.900 
39.000 
120,000 


887,000 

1,135,000 

700 
78.1.000 
2,800 


ATlAimC  COAST 


Quantity 
(poonds). 


1,344,065,000 


135.474,000 


309,000 
80,941,000 
8,840,000 


M 

"i;o«;i 


7,088,888 

1,400 
755,000 
1,656,000 


0,749,000 
1,488^088 


3,528,000 
I  82,000 


Value. 


117,738,000  14,885,000 


11,000 
455,000 
130,000 

<•) 


'io^'oin' 


478,000 

100 
32,000 
52,000 


323,000 
79.000 


132,000 
1,300 


sosr  cat 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


4,500 


44,000 


hi 


565.000 
51,000 
11,000 
186,000 
008^888 

16,000 

%4tO 


3,984.000 
41,000 


Vabia. 


178,180,000  88,830,000 


100 


1,000 


8,100 

'7! 200 


28,000 
1,900 
900 
8,800 

48,808 

400 
100 


143.000 
1,500 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Value. 


148,884,000 


50,000 


800 


220,000 
3,093,000 
112,000 
82,000 
209,000 


89,000 
457,000 


1,270,000 


1,600 
84,000 
3.  .500 
8,200 
5,500 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


1^188,000 


1,459,000 


0^100 


13,000 
4^800 


65,000 


30,670,000 

'i'oraiooo 


Value. 


106,682,000  I8,n7,008 


128,000 


58,000 


858,000 

'395,066 


Quantity 
(ponndi). 


45,000 


76,000 


10,148,000 

4,500 
963,000 


Valoo^ 


6,100 


1,900 


194,000  y 

700 
50,000 


« 


Table  2.— PRODUCTS,  BY  SPECIES  AND  BY  GEOGRAPHIC  DIVISIONS:  1908— Continued. 


2T 


a 

HTM 

OOABt 

emr  or  msooo 

BtVUKM. 

viwwt 

OW. 

Quanttty 
(psondi). 

Value. 

• 

uuaBmy 
(poaadi). 

Value. 

QnantnT 
(pauana). 

VakM. 

Onaatltv 

<ponfc 

VahK. 

SaSa^ 

ValM. 

81,964.000 
732,000 

8,800 
81,000 
188,808 

79,808,000 
22,299,000 

204,000 

Lua^ooo 

7,Mr,888 

7,946,000 

8218,000 

27,000 
884,000 
778,000 

81,400 
7,700 
40,000 

S;8I8,880 

mm 

(») 

m 

88,800 

1,800 

250,000 

7.000 

100,000 

7,500 
103,000 
2,200 
2,000 

100 

0,2«,000 
103,000 

152,000 

4,100 

1,449,000 

19,000 

100.000 

$1,400 



301,000 
3,028,000 



9,100 
131,000 

4, 461 ,000 

129,000 

l,490,fXX) 

16,000 

1,548.000 
^3,251,000 

33,000 
197,000 
416,000 

61,000 

3,000 

46,000 

2,700 

366,000 

20,000 

7,178^000 

188,000 

M8,800 

6,200 

1,619,000 
6,000 
384,000 

37,000 
300 

100 
1,286,000 

19,000 

5,200 

58,946.000 

22,000 

1,042,000 

455,000 

33,816,000 
525.000 
3,698,000 

8,900 
272.000 
53,000 

80,088,000 

i,3SB;88y 

656,000 
112,210,000 

625,000 
135,000 
2,900 

3,347,000 

32,000 

9,2.53,000 

234,000 

98,80,000 

788^8804 

U,881,000 

191,000 

8,888,000 

•7,880 

718,000 

84,888 

1,000 

81,088 

2,888 

17,000 
1,900 

100 

60,000 

2,400 

140,000 
28,000 

1,800 
800 

52,000 

229,000 
117,000 

900 

5.000 
4,000 

•r,08» 

437,000 

1,700 
13,000 
686,000 
162,000 

889,000 
200 
000 

oUU 

m 

2,800 

•i,  OW 

inn 

197,000 

3,300 

9,870,000 
2,233,000 

391,619,000 
5,000 
8,800 

68,000 

3,153,000 

4,000 

1,700 

05,000 

4,200 

13,873,000 
1,974,000 

806,000 
88,000 

17,807,000 
1,040,000 

480,000 
00,000 

3,600 

300 

25,000 

1,700 

376,000 

6,500 

41,000 
80,000 

3.100 
2,200 

47,000 



1  2,412,000 
930.000 
200 
660,000 
148^000 

137,000 

48,000 

(=) 

1,800 
24, 0(X) 
87,000 
886,000 

100 

88,000 

1,100 

,  6,930,000 

206,000 

1 ,  (Krt) 
4,900 
11,000 

27,000 
11,000 

:::  ::  ::  "I  

WKfWm 

11^880 

8,148,000 

188,088 

11,880 

15,115,000 

28,078,000 
1,884.000 
8U,000 

875,000 
87,000 
89,000 

2o'J.  000 
128,000 

8i,oeB 

85,000 

32,000 
6,600 
200 

2,800 

1 

305,000 

2,800 

;  1 

«,000 

8,800 

66,000 

2,800 

2,446,000 
8,800 

65,000 

aoo 

« 

26,000 

500 

20^000 

500 

i,8n,ooo 

19,000 

81,000 
1^700 

1«,800 

8,800 

90,800,000 

39,000 

4,638,000 

8,341,(KK) 
1,700 

30,000 

8,4i4,666 

290,000 

6,309,000 

43,000 

1,800 

282,000 
700 

115,000 
25,679,000 

2,085,000 
6,500 

3,600 

200 

1,700,000 

22,000 

258,000 

1 

i  75,000 

1,500 
42,000 
93,000 

3.800 

1,513,000 
'  10.304,000 
278.000 

1,124,000 

86,000 

100 

32,000 

ummn) 

300 

1,000 

Fish— Continued. 

Cod,  fri'sh  

Cod,  .salted  

Crappif  and  straw- 
berry bass  

GmriOM  

Croaker  


Cultus  cod  

Cunner  

Cusk,  fresh  

Cusk,  salted  

Pogflsh,  or  bowflns 

Drum,  freab-water 

Drum, 
£el8 


Ibddock ,  fresh  

Haddock,  salted... 

Hake,  fresh  

Hake,  salted  

Halibut,  fresh  

Halibut,  salted  

Herring,  fresh  

Herring,  salted  

Herring,  smoked... 
Herring  (lake), 

fresh  

Herring  (lake), 

salted  

Herring  (lake) , 


Hickory  shad, 

fresh  

Hickory  shad, 

salted  

Jewfish,  fresh  

Jewflsh,  salted  

Jurel  


Ladyflsh,  fresh... 

Ladyflsh,  salted. . 
Ling,  or  eelpout. . 
Mackerel,  chub... 
Mackerel,  fresh . . . 
Mackerel,  salted . . 

Menhaden,  fresh. . 
Menhaden,  salted. 

Minnows  

Moonflsh,  angel- 


Mullet,  fresh... 
Mullet,  salted. 
MuskaUunge... 
Mutton-fish... 

Paddlelish  


Perch,  white . 
Perch,  yellow. 

Permit  

^dab.ar 
naai 


Pike  perch  

Pollack,  fresh... 
Pollack,  salted. 

Pompano  

Poqv,  fimdi.. 


Porkfish  

Redfish,or  roseflsh 

Bode  bass  

Roekflsh,  fresh . . . 
Rockflsh,  salted.. 

Round  robin  

Sacramento  pike. . 
Sailor's  choice,  or 

pinflsh  

Salmon,  fresh  

Salmon,  salted  


Sardines. 

Scup  

Sea  Dass. 
Sea  robin. 


Shark  

Sheefwhead. 
Silver  bake. 


Quantity 
(pounde). 


79,808,000 
30,245,000 

2,794,000 
1,664,000 
8,148,000 


190,000 

6,243,000 
103,000 

1,701,000 

6,532,000 
4,576,000 
3,358,000 
28,848,000 

1,864.000 

(i.OOO 
389,000 
5.S,9»<i,000 
1,042,000 

33,815,000 

525,000 
33,785,000 
(Klti,  000 

115,563,000 
9,253,000 
234,000 

25,842,000 

11,80,888 

8,886,000 

808,000 

17,000 
202,000 
22,000 
52,000 

229,000 
117,000 
326,000 
639,000 
9,870,000 
2,233,000 

394,771,000 
5,000 
2,800 

161,000 

30,682,000 
3,  ffJO,  000 
25,000 
417,000 
1,518,000 

2,412,000 
7,898,000 
24,000 
^  777,000 

15,2*47,000 

28,078,000 
1,384,000 
570,000 
U^OOO 

35,000 
305,000 
107,000 
2,445,000 

8,800 

26,000 
20,000 

1,720,000 
90,879,000 

39,000 

4,638,000 
8,414,000 
6,352,000 

115,000 
27,383,000 

258,000 

75,000 
2,637,000 
10,336,000 


Value. 


81,964,000 

960,000 

108,000 
28,000 
226,000 

7,000 
7,500 
103,000 
2,200 

22,000 

154,000 
164,000 
203,000 
888,000 

42,000 
300 
19,000 
1,286,000 
22,000 

455,000 
8.900 
1,509,000 
53,000 

658,000 
135,000 
2,900 

730,000 

181,800 

87,000 


87,000 

1,000 
4,300 
800 
900 

5,000 
4,000 
4,500 
16,000 
686,000 
162,000 

893,000 
200 
000 

8^000 

786,000 
122,000 
1,700 
9,600 
49,000 

137,000 
258,000 
1,000 
32,000 
174,000 

580,000 
375,000 
27,000 
71,000 
6,600 


2,800 
2,800 
5, 100 
65,000 
300 

500 
800 

39,000 
3,345.000 
1,700 

30,000 
290,000 
284,000 
700 
2,107,000 
6,500 

1,500 
97,000 
93,000 

4, '200 


1  Leas  ttian  100  pounds. 


than  8100. 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 

Tabu  S.-FR0DnGT8,  BT  SPBGIBB  AMD  BY  CfflCKOUFHIO  DIYISIOIIB: 


Fish — Continued. 

Smcit  

r.iwl. 


Sqoetaaeue.  salted 

Striped  bass  

.boh... 


,  or  «fvip- 
8wofxlflsh....V." 


Taotog 


White  hass 
Wkilefista.  fresh. 


WbitlDgaa 

Yeitowtafl. 
A]l( 


Cnbs, 
Omfas, 
Onba,  kinc. . . 
Crabs,  spider. 
Crabs,  stone.. 


Onwflsh 


Abalone  

Clams,  bard., 
Oams.  soft... 
Clam£.  razor. 
C]ains.suif.., 


Orstm,  market, 

nam  pnUic  areas. . 
Orders,  market, 
ttmn  private  areas 
Oysters,  seed,  from 
pobOc 


Other  shells  

Paris  and  stags. 
Sqoid. 


Hides,  porpoise, 
.mink  


UNITKD  STATES. 


Liven.. 
Sounds,  fresh . . . 
Sounds,  Silted. . 


Oil, 
Oil,  seal 


^4,340,000 


3, 


101,000 

1,8M,000 
49,800,000 

68,000 
3,657.000 
2,070.000 
2,«0 

8,1M,000 

386,000 

885,000 

2,714.000 

995.000 
280,000 
18,000 
11,671,000 
363,000 

265.000 
7.366,000 
30,066 
U,666 


1,614,000 

253.000 
4.523,000 
217,000 

259.000 
42.612.000 
10,301,000 
7,643,000 
7.200 
62,000 

614,000 
15,279,000 
636,000 


Value. 


1,005,000 
7,805,000 
8,654.000 
259,000 
266,000 


103.641.000 
74,652.000 
26,960,000 
28,066,000 

2,432.000 

146,000 
8,542,000 
81,866,000 

161,  UU) 


2,562,000 

1  im.mm 

622,000 
372.000 
48,000 
22.000 
149,000 

7,600 

3.100 
63.000 
657,000 
93,000 
2,800 

221,000 
29,000 
88,000 
4,000 

3,391,000 
573,000 
773,000 
252.000 


1174,000 


46,000 
1,774,000 

2.900 
314.000 
U7,000 


6,700 

21,000 
198.000 

37,000 
9,100 
6,300 


13,000 
507,000 


78,000 

18,000 
86.000 
95,000 

42.000 
553.000 
359.000 

23,000 

(>) 

3,700 

32,000 
1,981,000 


16,000 
1,317,000 
553,000 
25,000 
21,000 


4,416,000 

8.305.000 
1,035,000 
1,957,000 

317,000 

35,000 
12,000 
392,000 

8.400 
300,000 
43,000 
80,000 


545,000 
61,000 
1,000 
S9.000 

136,000 

30,000 

8,200 
215.000 
7.400 
4,000 
100 

9,300 

3,000 
3,000 
400 

252,000 


26.660 

1,700 


ATLANTIC  COAST                OCU  OF  MEXICO 
DIVISION.  DIVISION. 

rxanc  coast 

UVUHIM. 

OBEAT  LAKH 

ammam. 

QuanUtT 

Value. 

Quantitv 
(poondsj. 

Value. 

Quantitv 

Value. 

Qoantitv 
(poaadi). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(peaods). 

Value. 

695,000 
662,000 
U4,000 

672,000 
33,000 
2,500 

3,645,000 

(I 

6103,000 

12,546,000 
232,000 

303,000 
4,036,000 
54,000 

3603,000 
13,000 

4,500 
228,000 
2,200 

»,m 

4,i6l 
766 

1,622,000 
44,427,000 
14,000 
1,881,000 

6<»,oeo 

42,000 
1,504,000 
600 
180,000 
66,000 

1,337,000 

42,000 

1,776,000 
300,000 

135,000 
13,000 

7,300 

700 

M5,0QO 

839,000 

299,000 
^860 

6,902,000 
356,000 

635,000 

160,000 
6,700 

m,m 

»,m 

802,000 

28,000 

885,000 
7,800 

21,000 
200 

2.706,000 
W5,000 

198.000 

37,000 
7,600 

80,000 

1,600 

11,^,09 
986,060 

224,000 
7,366,000 
342,000 
15,000 

6,300 
781,000 
19,069 

11,000 
507,000 
17,000 
1,300 

41,666 

i,aoo 

1,553,000 
18,000 
987,000 
44,000 

U,000 
37,460,000 
10,176,000 
7,643,000 
7,200 

76,000 
600 
20,000 
63,000 

2,800 
398,000 
332,000 

23,000 

P) 

61,000 
235,000 
4«,000 

38.000 

2,400 
18.000 
20,000 
16,666 

4. 100 

• 

2,382,000 

45,000 

9,669 

a6;«6i 

^  WytOO 

8Q0 
17,669 

a,«8» 

14,000 
U^669 

n,oa9 

800 

1.071.000  1  29.000 

4,m,m 

126,000 

27,000 

ii,66i 

79,000 

3,766 

2,000 

i7«  nnn 

14  nm 

9,400 

hm 

316,000 

14989 

u,m,m 

1,«,000 

63,000 
11,161,660 

2,600 
»1,666 

^000 
1,005,000 

69,000 
58,000 

16,000 
17,000 
7,3M 

n,m 

^7l^6M 

306,000 

7,336,000 

8.1.%,  000 
24,000 
365,000 

64,642,000 
22,436,000 
27,252,000 

2,432,000 

131,000 
8,474,000 
5,403,000 

1,3»«,000 

546,000 
3.600 
21,000 

7,239,000 
948,000 
1,944,000 

317,000 

34.000 
10.000 
5,400 

182,000 

5,800 

31,225,000 

7,956,000 
4,522,000 
700,000 

400 

15,000 

1,112,000 

381,000 
87,000 
6,200 

100 
1,100 

2,055,000 
1.800 
104,000 

686,000^ 
200 
6,500 

68,000 

1,600 

76,266,000 

386,000 

• 

200,000 

800 

1,3B0 

on, 000 

7,100 

300,000 

2,452,000 
^000 

38,000 
42,000 

MM 

110,000 

4,600 

^800 

623,000 

253,000 

25,000 

aip<60 

566,000 
40,000 

207,000 
806,069 

13,000 
ll,«9 

39,666 

1,300 

98i 

119,000 
48,000 
100 
64,000 

3,700 
3,100 

31,000 
657,000 

93,000 
2,800 

221,000 
29,000 
88,000 
4,000 

3.222,000 
660,000 
772,000 
262,000 

21,000 
1,000 
500 
77,000 

15,000 
8,200 

97,000 
7,400 
4,000 
100 

9,500 
3,000 
3,600 
400 

240,000 
20,000 
26,000 
1,700 

20.000 
40,000 

3,900 

77,000 
16,000 

15,000 

30,000 
(«) 

11,000 
29,000 

100 

100 
14,000 

400 
14,000 

11,666 

ii9,666^ 

100,000 
13,000 

12,000 
900 

r  

✓  

PRODUCTS.  29 
T^atM       PBOmrCTS,  BT  0I«A88  OF  FI8HBBIB8,  APPABATUS  OF  GAFTUBB,  AHD  OBOGBAPHIC  DIVISIONS:  IMt. 


CLASS  or  nSHKBIEa  AND  KIND 

4m 


Beam  trawls  

Dredges,  ton^  rakes,  etc.. 

£tan  (band,  tnwl,  sod  set). 

Kets: 

Fyke  and  hoop  nets  

Gill  nets  

Found  nets,  trap  nets, 

ttld  WViflla  •••••••••  •  • 

Bttm  

Trammel  nets  

All  other  (cast  nets,  dip 
nets,  lift  nets,  etc.). . . 

Pots,  traps,  etc  

S^^eapparatus 

Wbeeis  ^ 
V< 

Beamtmwis  

Dredges,  taagt,  lakas,  etc  

EMpomm^immn,  ste  

iPyke  and  hoop  nets  

OIUiMtL......  

Pound  nets,  tnqi  asts,  and 

weirs  , 

Seines  

Trammel  nets  

AU  other  (cast  nets,  dip 

nets,  lift  nets,  etc.)  

Pots,  traps,  etc  

Sponge  apparatus  

Whaling  apparatus  

Minor  apparatus.  

Shore  and  boat  fisheries. 

Beam  trawls  

Dredges,  tongs,  rakes,  etc  

Harpoons,  spears,  etc  

Lines  (band,  trawl,  and  set). . . , 

Nats: 

Frka  and  hoop  nets  

001  nets.  

Poond  Btiu,  tt^  vitM,  aai 

weira  

Seines  

Trammel  nets  

All  other  (oMt  asiL  dip 

nets,  lift  ne(%  ate;)  

Pots,  traps,  etc  

Sponge  apparatus  

I  ana  slides  


Qnaatitr 
(pooads). 


1,893,454,000164.061,000 


3,752,000 
356,990,000 

3,669,000 
848,772,000 


38,050,000 
181,224,000 

314,031,000 
573,593,000 
15,708,000 

23,582,000 

23,979,000 
622,000 
3,710,000 
1,958.000 
8,515,000 


Value. 


90,000 
18,772,000 
294,000 
9,396,000 


1,218,000 
7,  


896,914,000  22,233,000 


3,867,000 
128, 482, 000 

miSSoS 


1,793,000 
62,080,000 

26, 184.000 
429,  .521, 000 
1,027.000 

4,859,000 

1,884,000 

487,000 
3,710.000 
295,000 

996.540,000 


884.000 
234,558,000 
930,000 
97,936,000 


36,257,000 
128,243.000 

287,847,000 
144,071,000 
14,681,000 

18,723,000 

22,094,000 
130,000 
1,958,000 


5,641,000 
6,002,000 
486,000 

553,000 

2,589,000 
545,000 
468,000 
100,000 
380,000 


ATLANTIC  COAST 


Quantitv 
(pounds). 


1,344,666,000  836,474,000 117,606,000  64,flB8»000 176,160,000  86,889,006  146,311,000 11,126.006  106,681.666  88,767,669 


3,736,000 
233,957,000 

3,436,000 
270,230,000 


6,043,000 
56,816,000 

244,571,000 
482,587,000 

12,000 

16.056,000 
18,275,000 


3,«t5,000 
123,000 
5,340,000 


709,476,000 


70,000 
9,008,000 


42,000 
1,974,000 

374,000 
2,304,000 
30,000 

93,000 

211,000 

436,000 
468.000 
16,000: 

31,798,000 


20,000 
9,770,000 

66,000 
2,373, 


1,171,690 
6,861,000 

5.266.000 
3,608,000 


2,852,000 
107,303,000 

s.6n,ooo 

181,718,000 


1,013,000 
18,019,000 

25,602,000 
413,177,000 
500 

129,000 

1,761,000 


3,495.000 
294,000 

575,190,000 


884,000 
126,564,000 
403,000 
77,512,000 


5,090,000 

88,797,000 


Value. 


ouur  or  Mexico 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


89,000 
15,804,000 
358,000 


6,316,000  20,259,000 


210,000 
2,506,000 

3,563,000 
3,525,000 
1,200 

371,000 

2,185,000 


336,000 
L900 
218,000 


17,006,000 


60,000 
8,440,000 
227,000 
4,822,000 


23,000 
469,000 

341,000 

2,023,000 
(') 

5,400 

204,000 


336,000 
16,000 

18,468,000 


20,000 
7,364.000 

31,000 
1,494,000 


187,000 
2,097,000 

3,222,000 
1,502,000 
1,690 


2,378,0001 
109 
100, 


1,900 


44,400,000 
134,000 


551,000 
16,<»8,000 

295,000 
28,893,000 

4,998,000 

632,000 

220,000 
022,000 


673,000 


37,597,001) 


14,663,000 
16,000 
13,769,000 


399,010 


7,4ff2.000 
978,000 


487,000 


80,098,000 


29,738,000 
118,000 
6,500,000 


551,000 
15.725,000 

295,000 
21,401,000 
4,686,606 

683,000 

220,000 
136,000 


0n,98i 


Value. 


1,586,000 
7,500 
907,000 


21,000 
608,000 

18,000 
812,000 

149.000 

28,000 

116,000 
646,000 


68,000 


l.ti8L'.()l> 


459,000 
900 
60,000 


16,000 


120,000 
29,000 


436,000 


1,127,000 
6,000 
284,000 


21,000 
552,000 

18.000 
602,000 


36,000 

116,000 
109,000 


PACDIC  COAST 


mSSBOPff  KIVEK 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Val-.  value. 


15.000 
2,211,000 


43.204.000  1,581, 


1.  KX) 
697,000: 


70.222,000; 

296f  ( 
7,712,t 


1,419,000 


29,213,000 
24,811,000 

1,951.000 

0,639,000 
4,808,000 


214,000 
1,836,000 
2,291,000 


15,000 
377,000 


38,630,000 


86,00C 


0,818,000 
15,000 

4,718,000 

15,000 


214,000 


3,142,000125,362,000 


1,835,000 


4 673, 000 

1,419,000 
57,452,000 

29,213,000 
17,994,001 

1,921,000 

4,793,000 


1,836,000 


71,« 
1,8U,0 


23,271,C 


887,0001  2,607,C 
601.000  29,071,' 
52,000  8,092.000' 


133,000 
208,000 


132,000 
98,000 
67,000 


1,912,000 


1,100 
104,000 


1,468.000 


6,700 


111,000 
40» 

87,000 

1,900 


132,000 


4,928,000 


177,000j 
323,000 


197,600 


2,484,000 


439,000 


2,012,000 
33,000 


600 
145,827,000 


593,000  76.222,000 
298,000 
113,000  7,712,000 


71,000 
2,306,000 


22,832,000 
252,000 

2,697,000 
27,060,000 
8,«B9,r^ 

177,000 

888,000 


686,000 
13,000 
358,000 


713,000 

77,000 
895,000 

271,000 

17,000 
61,000 


OEKAT  LAU9 


STnS  Valua. 


200,000 
112,  ( 
2,367,( 


800 
16,000 
194,000 


6,766,0001  108,000 

i%«88;«8a  %9m,m 


37,255,000 
8,230,000 

655.000' 


1,097,000 
109,000 

13,000 


24.000 


7H.000j  4,300 
353.000  19,000 


14 


flOo| 


2,989 


61,000  3!.. .'.'..», m*)  1  .571,000 


13,000 


47,000 
1,000 


(') 

3,064,0001  70,063,000 


086,000 
13,000 

358,000 


700,000 
10,000 

77,000 
847,000 


17,000 
61,000 


828,000 


341,000 
34,582,000 

582.000 
114.000 


12,000 
109,000 


6,809 


909 
4,909 


2,196,000 


200,000 
112,000 
1,539,000 


6,426,000 
16,018,000 

36,673,000 

8,m,on 

66,000 


M;<ii"'"ii;iii  'i'itt 


800 
16,000 
126,000 


196,000 
605,000 

1,063,000 


m 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

TAwtM  4.— FROimOTS,  BY  SPECIES  AND 


C41NHBBr— 


Lines. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Total. 


Albwoie,  or  boiM  mekml . 

.\lBWiTM  

Amher-fisli  (|M*Ml)....... 

Ancho>ies  

Harracuda  


Black  bass  

Black  ead  

Blueflah.  


Buffalo  Rsh... 

Butterfisb  

Carp.  OOMB. 
Catfish  

Cobia  , 


Cod  

Cnppie  and  strawbemr  Xma. 

camitf.  ;.  

cSBSi::;:::::::::::::::: 


Gunner......  

Cask.  

Pogflsh,orbowfin3. 
Pmm,  hwfa-water. 
Dniui,  Mit'WMlW... 


Eds  

Floanders. 
Graaper. . . 

Gnmti  

Haddock.. 


Hake  

Halibut  

Herring  

HMTmg^ria). 


fcwflsh  

Jnrel  

Ladyfish  

Ling,  or  eelpout. 
Macknel,  chub.. 


MKherd  

Menhaden  

Ma^^g.  


Peivh,  jflMr. 


FWmit  


Pompoiw  ..  

SSEi  

nmm. ......  

Rock  haai..  


Roclcfish  

Round  rol)in  

fiagamento  pike  


Sardines., 

Scop  

Sea  bass. . 
Sea  robin . 

Shad ... 


m,m,m 


359,000 
n,978,000 
38,000 
220,000 
3,250,000 

3,313,000 
209,000 
7,647,000 
1,000,000 
4,738,000 

16,729.000 
6,855,000 
42,763,000 
17,817,000 
123,000 

110.054,000 
2,794,000 
1,564,000 
8,143,000 
250,000 

199,000 
6,344,000 
1,701,000 
6,532,000 

3,358,000 
23,34ti,000 

1,870,000 
380,000 
59,987,000 

34,340,000 
34,441,000 
125,050,000 
41,118,000 
876,000 

223,000 
52,000 
346,000 
326,000 
639,000 

12,103,000 
394,776,000 
2,200 

25,000 
417,000 
1,518,000 
2,412,000 

7,898,000 

24,000 
777,000 
2,959,000 
15,247,000 
29,462,000 

570,000 

m.ooo 

.35,000 
305,000 
107,000 

2,454,000 

26,000 
20,000 
1,720,000 
90,417,000 

4^0^000 

s,a4,ooo 

%»2,000 
115,000 
27,641,000 


12,000 
580,000 
1,600 
1,600 

91,000 

255,000 
5,500 
506,000 
»,000 
130,000 

498,000 

237,000 
1,1.35,000 
785,000 
2,800 

2,914,000 
108,000 
28,000 
226,000 
7,000 

7,500 
105,000 
22,000 
154,000 
IM,000 

203,000 
588,000 
42,000 
19,000 
1,308,000 

464,000 
1,562,000 
796,000 
980,000 
38,000 

5,100 
900 
9,000 
4,500 
16,000 

848,000 
893,000 
900 

1,700 
9,600 
49,000 
137,000 
258,000 

1,000 
32,000 
174,000 
580,000 
402,000 

71,000 
6,900 
2,800 
2,800 
6,100 

66,000 
500 
500 

39,000 
3,347,000 

30,000 
290,000 
284,000 
700 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


18,000 
400 
38,000 


501,000 

1,204,000 
2l»,000 

3,781,000 
317,000 
175,000 

812,000 
17,000 
1,062,000 
7,012,000 
100 

104,553,000 
372,000 
1,269,000 
934,000 
211,000 

600 
6,344,0)0 
29,000 
812,000 
631,000 

161,000 
4,017,000 

1,779,000 
281,000 
57,973,000 

33,633,000 
34,4»,O0O 


12,«0O 
17,«» 

171,000 
8,800 


06,000 

7,000 

173,000 
100 


1,700 
35,600 

19,000 
61,000 
22,009 
52,000 
212,000 

2,600 
161,000 
232,000 
270,000 
20,164,000 

13,000 
110,000 

15,000 
302,000 

1M88 


105,000 
301,000 


CM.O0O 

i,fto,m 


200 

(•) 
1,600 


16,000 

92,000 
5,500 
307,000 

13,000 
7,100 

23,000 
800 
35,000 
290,000 

2,787,000 
21,000 
20,000 
32,000 
5,900 

(') 

105,000 
500 
29,000 
25,000 

8,800 
91,000 
38,000 
14,000 
1,260,000 

458,000 
1,561,000 


MO 

m 

4,8» 

400 


1,800 
200 

8,300 


100 
2,000 

1,200 
3,900 
900 
3,200 
9,000 

100 

8,200 
16,000 
23,000 
309,000 

1,800 
5,700 
1,200 
2,700 

%m 


6,000 
11,000 


23,000 
244,000 


GUI  nets. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


181,334,080 


32,000 
2,211,000 


55,000 
2,644,000 

64,000 


2,029,000 
293,000 
28,000 

131,000 
184,000 
894,000 
215,000 

m,m 

2,091,000 
2,800 
81,000 
428,000 
400 


3,300 
29,000 
622,000 

6,500 
820,000 
74,000 
86,000 
180,000 

44,000 


11,302,000 

aCTXtOoo 

3^800 

ai»oeo 


1,400 

91,000 
173,000 

2,8g,000 


39,000 
22,743,000 

200 
52,000 
22,000 
^310,000 

8,800 
129,000 
144,000 
8,057,000 
591,000 

377,000 
16,000 
16,000 
3,200 

88,000 


m 


20,000 
369,000 
46,219,000 

86,000 
14,000 
46,000 
1,388 


$i,m,m 


600 
20,000 


400 
7^080 

5,900 


109,000 
5,(500 
1,300 

5,000 
8,000 
25,000 
11,000 
1,888 

87,000 

100 

2,600 
9,500 


(') 

600 
18,000 

500 
20,000 
3,500 
4,400 
4,100 

500 


218,000 
721,000 
10,000 

700 


100 
1,000 
3,100 

l^OOO 


1,800 
593,000 

(«) 

800 
700 
2^000 

300 
4,300 

9,800 
277,000 
6,900 

49,000 
900 
1,300 

1,200 


500 
11,000 
1,941,000 

400 
400 
2,100 


Seines. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


573,405,000 


500 

18,928,000 


165,000 
88B 

1,288,000 


1,221,000 
9,300 
2,524,000 

7,138,000 
204,000 
24,162,000 
3,706,000 
n,88B 

1,502,000 
1,132,000 
105,000 
1,421,000 


1,000 


817,000 
888,000 
3,888,000 

318,000 
1,645,000 
9,300 
12,000 
1,437,000 

70,000 
9,000 
33,988,000 
8,000 
278,000 

10,000 
32,000 

320,000 
500 

280,000 

8,174,000 
8n,636,000 

2,200 
39,000 
7,444,000 

800 

288,000 
894,000 
M^OOO 

5,700 
432,000 

587,000 
155,000 
6,812,000 

144,000 
4,600 


77,000 
22,000 


1,017,000 
13,290,000 

4,552,000 
1,836,000 
352,000 
1,800 
3,562,000 


Value. 


166,000 


1,200 

m 

102,000 


54,000 
400 
67,000 

218,000 
14,000 
611,000 
151,000 
1,300 

33,000 
42,000 
3,200 
48,000 


100 


10,000 
24,000 
86,000 

12,000 
43,000 
400 
500 
33,000 

1,100 
900 
198,000 
200 
12,000 

400 
400 
8,400 

"U 

608,000 
822,000 
900 
1,500 
235,000 

100 

4,300 
30,000 
52,000 

tim 

200 
12,000 
27,000 
13,000 
61,000 

16,000 
100 


3,500 
400 


17,000 
415,000 

30,000 
58,000 
13,000 


Pound  nets,  trap  mUL 


Quantity 


114,081,000 


309,000 
66,369,000 
100 


77,880 


534,000 
474,000 
197,000 

828,000 
6,439,000 
1,224,000 
1,505,000 


1,813,000 
78,000 
80,000 

6,071,000 


2,300 

100 

67,000 
2,326,000 
165,000 

900 
33,000 
2,400 

214,000 
4,369,000 
7,500 
10,000 
398,000 

12,000 
138,000 
400 
50O 
11,888 

593,000 

5,100 

72,868,000 
16,319,000 
237,000 

336,000 
266,000 
12,000 

100 

(«) 

102,000 
181,888 

21,^^800 

1,300 
.MM 

42,000 
67,000 

61,000 
88,000 

100 

1,700 
3,300 

(*) 

7a'^ 

880 
88^888 

53,000 
1,. 303,000 
6,286,000 
1,893,000 

24,000 
2,600 
3,900 

7,100 
74,000 
246,000 

26,000 

3,300 
200 
300 

IMM 

•  ••••••••••• 

'  m 

130,000 
2S,74Mn 

^500 

5,926,000 
392,000 
113,000 
8,988,000 

207,000 
23,000 
700 
619,000 

n 


BY  APPARATCm  OP  CAPTURE:  1908. 


w— (oouUmisdi) 


Quantity 

(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(poimto). 

Value. 

QuantitT 
(pounds). 

Vabie. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pooads) 

38,080,000 

81,218,000 

15,708,000 

8486,000 

33,582,000 

8653,000 

23,878,880 

•3,588,000 

7,079,000 

8762,000 

356,090,000 

818,772,000 

14,848,080 

81,115,000 

188,000 

4,700 

1,990,000 

25,000 

116,000 

1,H0 

500 

14,000 
3,700 

1,000 
300 

210,000 

19,000 

205,000 

18,000 

1,500 

100 

308,880 

u,8eo 

21,000 
2,500 

1,296,000 

6,502,000 
4,500 
10,067,000 
4,445,880 

1,100 
20O 

25,000 

179,000 
100 
286,000 
219,000 

61,000 

2,700 

301,000 
1,200,000 

6,300 
41,000 

8,400 

500 
7,200 
115,000 
24,000 
100 

300 

(') 

400 
6,000 

900 
(») 

200,000 
12,000 

6,000 
700 

8,000 
45,000 

200 
1,100 

5, 154,000 
663,000 

141,000 
32,000 

23,000 
163,000 

1,000 
12,000 

58,«)0 
4.200 

1,500 

3,808 
1,400 

MO 

m 

200 

1.000 
931,000 

100 
32,000 

2,500 
MO 

m 

275,000 
28,000 
157,000 

9,900 
600 
3,400 

100 

(') 

2,400 

100 

111,000 

2,900 

21,000 
36,080 

191,000 

4,066" 
2,200 
50,000 

14,000 
3,838,000 

700 
1,100 

7,100 

io6 
100 
2,100 

800 
88,800 





500 
33,000 

............ 





^V,900 



266 



(') 









 iw 

4,000 

"""608,' 666' 

2,196,000 
3,600 

178,000 

2,955,000 

200 

7,'766' 
58,000 
100 

12,000 
78,088 

"  "i7i,'666' 

245,000 
441,000 

13,000 
1,900,000 

"2,' 466' 
7,400 
20,000 

700 
8^808 

1,500 

257,000 
185,000 

(») 

20,000 
8,800 

2,178,000 
30,000 

135,000 
400 

19,000 

1,400 

500 

14,  WW 

27,000 

m 

..... — 

100 
700 
1,300 



6,878,000 
3,100 
9,600 



45,000 
200 
600 

















(*) 

(') 

20,000 

800 

700 

7,500 
12,888 

MO 

100 

uo 

808 

(») 

35,000 

880 

880 

P) 

2,800 
17,000 

200 
200 

500 

(») 

1,500 

(') 

12,000 
2,932,000 

300 
80,000 

^200 

1^1)00 

7,700 

500 

16,000 
1,100 

800 

100 

3,600 

300 

495,000 
378,000 
3,280,000 

14,000 
22,000 
66,000 

63,000 

2,300 

7.100 

300 

4,600 
35,000 

200 
2,200 

500 

(») 

200 

(«) 

8,100 
7,080 

400 
300 

i66 

631.000 
420,000 

(') 

44,000 
15,000 

300 
17,000 
19,000 

m 

1,000 

1,500 

1,600 
380 

100 

3,000 

41.000 
40,000 

1,400 
3,800 

m 

1,000 

200 

13,888 

1,108 

46,000 

1,700 

600 

(') 

63,000 

2,400 

3,000 

100 

100 
38,888 

13,088 

400 

86,000 
1,818 

3,400 
388 

1,888,888 

87,888 

4,200 
11,000 

300 
400 

800 

(») 

1,100 

m 

129,666 

9,300 

379,666 

29,000 

1.8M 

•Less  than  lOO  pounds. 


32 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 

Tabu  4.— PB0DUCIS»  BY  SFECIES  AND  BT 


CAUOHT  BY- 


TOTAL. 


ValM. 


YafeM. 

Vatat. 

Vakw. 

VUm. 

72.000 
185,000 

974,000 
131,000 
102,000 

13,498,000 
70,000 
387.000 

t  va,m 
1  %mm 

59,000 
187,000 
36,000 
4,100 

7,800 

530,000 
35,000 
18,000 
1,495,000 
13,000 

5,600 
429,000 
88,000 
1.854.000 

! 

11,400 

12,000 

9,100 
900 
12,000 

636,000 
4,400 
16,000 

6, 100 
17,000 
1,500 
100 
200 

30,000 
1,000 
6,300 
113,000 
800 

400 
29,000 
7,800 
41,000 

2,200 
92,000 

9,068,000 
104,000 
118,000 

80,000 
2,100 
15,000 

611,000 
280,000 
6,400 
663,000 

318,000 

3,C00 
100 
38,000 

1,561,000 
4.300 
12.000 
2,370,000 

$53,000 

(J) 

100 
78,000 

186,000 
1,747,000 

338.000 
«,«•,•» 

2,053,000 
775,000 
702,000 
85,000 

7,500 
80,000 

9,aoa 

1««,000 

09,000 

21,000 
2,100 

76,000 
1,273,000 
808,000 

16,  m,  000 

M4,000 

327,000 
645,000 
796,000 

1,900 
56,000 
18,000 

ni,eo» 

52,000 
18,000 
20,000 
19,000 

5,800 
370,000 
lUiOOO 

718,000 
344,000 
4,877,000 

500 
29,000 
11,000 

mm 

65,000 
32,000 
05,008 

4.800 

200 
MO 

35,000 
31,000 

1,400 
800 

406,000 
41,000 

14,000 
808 

9,460,000 
1,400 

4,927,000 
557,000 
56,000 
490,000 
UMM 

610,000 
100 

31.5,000 
21,000 
5,500 
16,000 
■^M 

LOOO 

8,400 

13,000 
477,000 

98,000 
697,000 

n,m 

100 
400 

800 
17,000 
4,200 
15,000 
18,008 

1,057,000 
152,000 

2,736,000 
127,000 
8,000 
67,000 

iM,m 

77,000 
7,300 

204,000 
9,800 
800 
1,000 
11,818 

26,545,000 
166,000 

287,000 
11,000 

200 

244,000 
113,000 

5,300 
15,000 
700 

1,418 

4,639,000 
7,200 

too 

18,008 

MM 

^iM 

100 

m 

Mi 

O 

500 
13,000 

100 
600 

6,900 
1,800 
1,000 

900 
100 

O 

l7,lM,Hi 

mm 

300 

1,300 

121,000 

2,200 

2,000 
6,800 
128,000 

100 
2,700 
11,000 

120.000 
169,000 
281,000 

4,600 
43,000 
7,600 

2,293,000 
3,300 
41,000 

35,000 
2,200 
700 

47,000 

2, 100 

(') 

«,m 

(») 

1,000 

(') 

653,666 

322 

7,300 
4,100 

21,000 

2,200 

1. 

li 

FiA— Continued. 


Shaepstaead. 
Sflverhaka. 

:^katrs  

^melt  


Sn^tper,  red 


U 
II 
IS 
M 
IS 


17 
18 


Striped  IM 
Stureeon. 


Swordfisb. 


Tmutop  

Tomcod  

Tnmt,  brook. 
Ttaat,lake.. 
White  bass... 


Whitefish 
Whiting 
YeUowtaH.. 
Ail  other... 


Frogs  

Crabs,  hard... 

Crabs,  soft  

Cribs,  king. . . 
Crate,  »ider.. 


38 
30 


At 

Oiiiw,  hard. . 

Clains,  soft... 
Clams,  raxor. 


40  j  Clams,  surl. 


41  Oysters,  niarket,  from  public  areas. . 
Oysters,  market,  from  pri-vate  areas. 
Oysters,  seed,  from  pouic  areas  


46 
47 


51 
52 
53 
8i 


,  porpoto. 

,  minlc  


56  Hides, 

57  Skins, 
5S  Skins,  muskral*.. 
50  Skills,  otter  


a 
o 

63 

61  ;  Oil.  fish  

65    Oil,  porpoise. 


LiTen. . 

Soands. 


01 

C7 
«0 


ni  Sea 


OH.  sea^kphant. 

Ofl.aeaL..  

Ofl,  sperm. ...... 

Oil.  whale  

Irish  moss. . ..... 


75,000 
2,637.000 
10,336,000 
402,000 
4,340,000 

13,498,000 
366,000 

^^&i08 
4^81^888 

3,657,000 
2,072,000 
8,555,000 
885,000 

2,714,000 

995,000 
289,000 
18,000 
12,024,000 
265.000 

7,722,000 
1,014,000 
253,000 
3,736,000 

m,m 

259,000 
42,012,000 
10,301,000 
7,643,000 
7,200 


614,000 
15,279,000 
626,000 


1,818,000 

7,806,000 

8,654,000 
259,000 
205,000 

103,641,000 
74,652,000 
26,960,000 


%4B;008 

146,000 
8,542,000 
81,860,000 
952,000 


2,562,000 
368,000 

1,068,000 
823,000 
372,000 

48,000 
22,000 
149,000 
7,600 
8,100 

63,000 
657,000 

96,000 
221,000 

29,000 

88,000 
4,000 
3,391,000 
573,000 
772,000 
252,000 


81,500 

97,000 

93,000 
4,200 
174,000 

636,000 
15,000 
194,000 


314,000 
157,000 
215,000 
21,000 

198,000 

37,000 
9, 100 
6,300 
800,000 

13,000 

524,000 
78,000 
18,000 
86,000 
8il»8a8 

42,000 
553,000 
359,000 

23,000 

"U 

32.000 
1,931,000 
71,000 
481,888 

16,000 
1,317,000 
563,000 
25,000 
21,000 

4,416,000 
8,306,000 
1,086,000 
1,887,000 
317,000 

35,000 
12.000 

392,000 
8,400 

300,000 

43,000 
80,000 
40,000 
545,000 
61,000 

1.000 
89,000 
136,000 
30.000 
8.200 

215,000 
7,400 
4,100 
9,500 
3,000 

3,600 
400 

252,000 
30,000 
26,000 
1,700 


APPARATUS  OF  CAPTUBE:  l«8--CoBtimMd. 


CMOR  BT— (< 


Fyke  and  hoop  nets. 

Trammel  nets. 

All  other  nets.' 

Pots,  traps,  etc. 

Harpoons,  .spoars.  etc. 

Dredges,  tongs,  etc. 

All  otber^tparatua. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pooDda). 

VaiiHk 

1«1,000 

87,300 

27,000 

81,100 

300 

(») 

10,000 

3200 

m,808 
1,080,088 

1,808 
81,888 

36,000 

$m 

1,4W 

800 

18,000 

37,000 
125,000 
021,000 

9,000 
336,000 
285,000 

700 

2,000 
2,400 

34,000 

1,200 
16,000 
8,000 

800 
200 
13,000 
46,000 

70,000 

(') 
(«) 

500 
2,300 

6.000 

12,000 
2,900 
446,000 

191,000 
89,000 
2,262,000 

1,300 
100 
9,300 

19,000 
3,300 
66,000 

...  1 



8,000 

noo 

 1 

4,300 
14.000 
1,600 

300 
1,300 
100 

1 

29,000 

1,400 

21,000 

11,100 

5,700 

100 

2,706,000 

198,000 



14.000 
74,000 

600 
1,500 

2,600 

300 

105,000 

4,900 

10,000 
86,000 

40,000 
12,000 

800 
4,000 

3,600 
4001 

8,400 

100 

8,000 

2,000 
1,100 
10,000 

300 

(») 
(') 
6,300 

loo 

4,600 
800 

100 
400 

"mm 

18,000 

17,000 

000 

1 

200 
50,000 

(») 

8,400 

22,000 
1,266,000 
3,3n,000 

2,300 
38,000 
133,000 

4,000 

4,8i%oao 

500 
131,000 

184,000 

eoo 

8,300 
3,405,000 

30,000 
MO 
900 

3,600 

43,000 

500 

1,600 

100 

9,971,000 
6,716,000 
19,000 

8105,000 
199,000 
100 

8,400 

300 

6.000 

300 

5,600 

600 

606,000 
15,272,000 

utfa,  UUU 

140,000 

31,000 
1,880,000 
aa  MM 

11^888 

20  nnn 

i,m,m 

1  nnn 
07,000 

IB  MM 

too 

15,000 

1,005,000 
M7,000 
797,000 
234,000 

1,100 

16,000 
93,000 
49,000 
33,000 

6.958,000 
7,856,000 
24,000 
265,000 

103,142,000 
74,616,000 
25,633,000 
28.056,000 
2,430,000 

24.000 
8,472.000 
81,825,000 

1,224.000 
504.000 
3,600 
21,000 

4, 408,000 
8,301,000 

997,000 
1,957,000 

317,000 

.5,000 
9,900 
392,000 

499,000 
36,000 
1,327,000 

7,900 
8^881 

1,800 
78,000 

400 
81,000 

800 

44,000 
60,000 
44,000 
330,000 

300 

8.900 
1,700 

200 
5,200 

300 

1,600 

300 

721,000 

1,800 

300,000 

25,000 
400 
188,000 

400 
200 
4,700 

135,000 
178,000 

11,000 
5,000 

8,800 
14,810 

100 
600 

4,000 
8^808 

1,000 
8,808 

55,000 
166,000 

818,888 

30,000 
5,300 

%«s 

800 

m 

(*) 

(«) 

22,000 
139,000 
7,008 

89,000 
136,000 
30.000 

(») 

9,200 

100 

9,000 

1,600 
63,000 

2.200 
215,000 

1.408 

8^888 

8,000 

800 

88^888 

8,808 

4,000 
3,363,000 
573,000 

400 

251,000 
30,000 

28,000 
76,066' 

1,988 

 1 

778,800 
183,000 

86,066" 
1,300 

1 

>  Less  than  3100. 


*  Less  than  100 


76786«— 11  3 


wmBsmoBS  w  ibs  umffiD  states,  im. 

Tabu  »^PR0DUCTS— DETAIL  SUMMARY,  BY  STATES  AND  BY  SPECIES:  1908. 


United  SUtfls. 


Aitamas. 


Kitnsas  

Kentucky. 
LouiaaiM. 


Micfaifaii. 

Minnesota.. 

Miasiasippi. 


'  Hampshira. 

Mew  Jenev  

Mew  York  

KorthCa 

Ohio  

Oktetaoma. 


United  States. 


ConoBcticiitM. 

Delaware  

Vlarida.  

Georgia  


Prash  

Salted  

Smoked... 


Fresh 
Salted. 

Xew  g 

New  Jcner 

-  rn  - 


Smoked.  

MonsTtvaiili.. 
Fresh 
Salted. 


Quantity 
(poaadi). 


1,803,454,000 


10,666,000 

U,H7,aoo 

47,47',  000 
66,942,000 
70,760,000 
74,087,000 
14,828,000 
74,620,000 
UkW7.000 
8» 817, 000 
432,000 
6,390,000 
46, 106,000 
173,843,000 
113,796,000 
244,313,000 
38,302,000 
7,475,000 
20,547,000 
6,751,000 
399,000 
677,000 
74,827,000 
79,485,000 
101,422,000 
28,917,000 
6,700 
28,217,000 
11,888,000 
44,254,000 
14,104,000 
70,000 
4,906,000 
10,439,000 
312,515,000 
100,456,000 


Value. 


854,031,000 


80,978,000 


80,945,000 
8,840,000 
193.000 

1,025,000 
794,000 
1,224,000 
32,000 
2,086,000 
1,781,000 
112,000 
192,000 
28,805,000 
24,451,000 
4,354,000 
4,082,000 
3,038,000 
1,024,000 
121,000 
1,309,000 
654,000 
10,928,000 
7,734,000 
3,203,000 
1,200 
767,000 
619,000 
148,000 
388,000 


387,000 
307,000 
1,970,000 
2,982,000 
541,000 
3,389,000 
701,000 
1,436,000 
223,000 
215,000 
28,000 
110,000 
1,560,000 
3,257,000 
3,306,000 
7,095,000 
1,473,000 
192,000 
556,000 
271,000 
22,000 
53,000 
3,089,000 
4,594.000 
1,776,000 
840,000 
300 
1,356,000 
513,000 
1,752,000 
288,000 
4,200 
112,000 
446,000 
4,716,000 
3,513,000 
2,000 
1,087,000 


12,000 


800 
5,400 
1^600 

400 


580,000 


455,000 
130,000 
3,500 

12,000 
8,400 
5,500 
1,000 
18,000 
12,000 
2,000 
3,400 
157,000 
98,U0U 
50,000 
46,000 
29,000 
16,000 
1,800 
12,000 
7,100 
140,000 
88,000 
52,000 
0) 
6,400 
5,300 
1, 100 
4,600 
171.000 


SraaXS  AKD  STATE. 


United  States. 
Fneh  


California  

Fresh  

_  Betted  


BLACK 


United  States. 


Alabama.. 
Arkansas.. 
California. 
Florida... 
Georgia... 

Illinois  

Iowa. 


Kentucky  

Louisiana  

Maryland  

Mississippi  

Missouri  

New  York  

North  Carolina.. 

Tennessee  

Texas  


United  Statae. 


Caliibraia  

Oregon  

Waehington.. 


Connecticut  

Florida  

Fresh  

Salted  

Maryland  

Massachusetts.... 

Mississippi  

New  Jersey  

New  York  

North  Carolina... 

Fresh  

Salted  

Pennsylvania . . ,. 

Rhode  Island  

Virginia  

All  other  states*. 


California  

Ftorida  

Massachus^te... 
New  Jersey...., 

New  York  

North  OeroUna.. 
Viigiole.  


Ftorid*.  

niinota  

Iowa  

Louisiana  

Michigan  

MimiflBOte  

IfiasisBippi  

MiflBoon  

New  York  

North  CaroUaaw. 


1.600  ^gJJ^--" 
t,fn  I  An  other 8tatn«.' 


<  Includes  Delaware,  GeorgiB, 
Soath  CeroUna,  aod  Texas. 


Qosnti^ 


3,250,000 
3,1»,000 

3,908,000 
3,088,000 


3,313,000 


36,000 
992,000 
82,000 
1,070,000 
6,000 
532,000 
54,000 
7,100 
40,000 
15,000 
15,000 
329,000 
38,000 
511,000 
177,000 
17,000 
71,000 


909,000 


35,000 
5,000 
188,000 


7,l«,000 


7,900 
•82,000 
901,000 

61,000 
14,000 
42,000 
18,000 
1,850,000 
3,191,000 
1,266,000 
1,255,000 
1,400 
7,500 
40,000 
242,000 
26,000 


399,000 

11,000 
66,000 
578,000 
102,000 
11,000 
900 


4,738,000 


9,100 
228,000 
1,647,000 
1,714,000 

127,000 
40,000 
48,000 
66,000 
14,000 

441,000 
81,000 

166,000 

148,000 
58,000 
75,000 
27,000 


Value. 


S91,l 


88,000 
M,000 


PRODUCTS. 

SmOfABY  BY  STAfBS  AHD  BY  Btl 


Indiaiia.... 

Iowa  

Kansas  — 
Kentucky. 
Louisiana.. 
MlnnesoU. 


Nebraska  

Ohio  

Oklahoma  

South  Dakota. 
TeoiMBsee. . . .  ■ 


BUTTUnSH. 


UaMed 


California. . . 
Connectk;ut. 
MMaie... 
norida  


Maiylamd  

Massachusetts.. 

New  Jersey  

KewYork  

NerthCaraiina. 


CABP,  QEBlf  AN. 


United  States, 
riesh  


Alabama — 
Arkansas — 
CaUiM^... 

Delaware.... 

Georgia  

Illinois  

Indiana  

Iowa. 


Kansas. . . . 
Kentucky., 
Louisiana.. 
Maryland . . 
Michigan.. 
Minnesota. 
Mississippi . 
Missoun... 
Nebrsska. . 
New  Jenay 
NewY«« 

Ohio 


QnaDtti 


Pennsylvania  

South  DakoU.... 
Tennessee....... 

Virginia  

Wisconsin  

Fresh  

Smoked..... 


United  SUtes. 


Delaware. 

Florida. 


Georgia. 


Iowa. 
Kansas.... 
Kentucky.. 
Louisiana.. 
Maryland.. 
Mlohigaa.. 
Minnesota. 

IfiMiSsippi. 


16,729,000 


226,000 
2,051,000 
3,042,000 
124,000 
566,000 
35,000 
530,000 
2,626,000 
664,000 
1,664,000 
903,000 
43,000 
9,000 
1,200 
32,000 
704,000 
240,000 
300 
3,178,000 


6,855,000 


89,000 
102,000 
700 
16,000 
6,400 
151,000 
67,000 
2,054,000 
1,229,000 
1,302,000 
1,112,000 
736,000 


42,763,000 

«,7»,000 

4,500 

22,000 
175,000 
427,000 
7,600 
133,000 
38,000 
21,642,000 
128,000 
2,048,000 
304,000 
449,000 
12,000 
167,000 
2,459,000 
1,132,000 
26,000 
2,432,000 
254,000 
220,000 
406,000 
228,000 
7,158,000 
71,000 
12,000 
237,000 
286,000 
2,247,000 
2,242,000 
4,500 


17,817,000 


323,000 
895,000 

1,069,000 
151,000 

1,481,000 
280,000 

2,044,000 
102,000 
418,000 
52,000 
436,000 

4,405,000 
409,000 
270,000 
208,000 
502,000 


Vahw. 


$498,000 


11,000 
43,000 
117,000 

7,000 
23,000 

2,000 
21,000 
60,000 
22,000 
34,000 
30,000 

2,200 
800 

^'\,200 
22,000 
7,400 

^,000 


90,000 


13,000 
4,100 

300 
7,400 
3,500 
51,000 
64,000 
29,000 
42,000 
31,000 


1,135,000 

1,136,000 
700 

1,500 
4,100 
4,300 
600 
6,700 
1,200 
574,000 
6,000 
•>  62,000 
19,000 
18,000 
1,000 
7,100 
55,000 
26,000 
500 
-flO.OOO 
12,000 
16,000 
31,000 
7,000 
129,000 
2,200 
700 
8,200 
8,000 
52,000 
62,000 
700 


785,000 


17,000 
33,000 
56,000 

7,300 
54,000 
15,000 
96,000 

7,800 
33,000 

4,400 
26,000 
143,000 
18,000 
12,000 
14,000 
19,000 


CATTISH— continued. 


Missouri  

Nebraska  

New  Jersey  

New  York  

North  Caitfiaa  

Ohio  

Oregon  

Pennsylvania  

South  Dakala  

Tenncasee  

Texas  

Virginia  

West  Virginia  

Wisconsin  

AU  other  statca*.. 


Uaitad 

Flodte  


United  States. 
Fresh  


Ca  . 
Conneettent. 

Delaware  

Maine  

Fresh  

Salted  

Massachusetts  

Fresh  

Salted  

New  Hampshire.... 

New  Jersey  

New  York  

Peimsylvania  

Rhode  Island  

Washington,  salted . 


CRAPPIE  AND  STKAWBJESXT  BASS. 


United  SUtes. 


Alabama.. 
Arkansas.. 

Florida.... 
IlUnois.... 

Iowa  

Kansas.... 
Kentucky. 
Louisiana. 
Minnaaata. 

Mi! 

Missour 
North  Carolina... 

Tennessee  

Texas  

Wisconsin  


Alabama.  

Florida  

Loulriana  

Misstasippi.... 
Tezaa.. 


United 


Alabama.  

California  

Delaware  

Ftorida  

Georgia  

Loulnana  

Maryland  

Mississippi  

New  Jersey  

New  York  

North  CaroHna.. 
Pennsylvania... 
South  Ca  " 
Texas... 
ViiSinia. 


Qnantil 


1,166,000 

66,000 
63,000 
247,000 
504,000 
505,000 
301,000 
36,000 
20,000 
367,000 
560,000 
738,000 
9,600 
276,000 
25,000 


123,00t 


110.054.000 


79,808,000 


9,298.000 

820.000 
7,000 
20,013,000 
17,385,000 
3,828,000 
73,819,000 
B,  148. 000 
19,671,000 
135,000 
3,767,000 
2,999,000 
50,000 
1,497,000 


1, 


2,704,000 


23,000 

300,000 
180,000 
281,000 
115,000 
600 
12,000 
96,000 
97,000 
93,000 
336,000 
24,000 
186,000 
41,000 
10,000 


6,300 
1,435,000 
24,000 
600 
19,000 


%143,000 

72,000 
68,000 
79,000 
94,000 
46,000 
369,000 
179.000 
176,000 
790,000 
7,500 
1,177,000 
14,000 
85.000 
159.000 
4,830,000 


««,080 

6,000 
5,300 
20,000 
11,000 
25,000 
9,000 
1,700 
2,000 
20,000 
26,000 
31,000 
700 

"« 


2.914,000 


1,964,000 


94.000 
27,000 
400 
439,000 
351,000 
88,000 
1,966,000 
1,311,000 
644,000 
3,900 
130.000 
09,000 
800 
42,000 


108,000 

1,300 

13,000 
7,400 

35,000 
4,700 

^'^900 
6,400 
6,000 
5,000 
17,000 
1,000 
7,800 
8,800 


w  


226.000 

1,400 
1,800 
2,900 
2,100 
1,800 

28,000 
5,300 
3,700 

19,000 
300 

81,000 
500 
2.800 
7,000 
119,000 


*  Less  than  8100.      >  Includes  Florida,  Oregon,  Texas,  and  West  Viiginia. 


» ladodes  Oomnittwrt,  OMriwnm,  Bhada  IManrt,  and  flooth  Carolina. 


• 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 
B.r^fwomKm-'mftMUs  mmuAst  by  8X4X18  akd  bt  mcnsB: 


UUUUS  OOD. 


Uaited  SUtea. 


Fresh. 


nt-m  York  

North  Caroiina. 


6,344,000 

105,000 

6,242.000 
103,000 

103,000 
2,200 

2,078.000 
2,039,000 
39,000 
4,267,000 
4,203,000 

32,000 
31,000 
900 
73.000 
72,000 

1,701,000 

22,000 

1,370,000 
85,000 
34,000 
«2,000 
101,000 
«,000 

18,000 
1,200 
700 
600 
1,400 
000 

184,000 

Alabama.. 
Arkansas. 


Kentocky. 
Louisiana. 
WehiBan. 


nocida. 


Hew  Jenl^  

North  Carolina.. 
■Dath( 


rnited 


Coanecticut. 
DelawATP . . . 

Olinoii  

iowa  


Kew  Josey. 
NMrYotk.. 


250,000 


167,000 
20,000 


1,000 


93,000 
10^000 


151,000 
402,000 
666,000 
137,000 

188,000 
18,000 
354,000 
845,000 
186,000 
333,000 
337.000 
323.000 
227,000 
204,000 
13.000 
000,000 


4,576.000 


1, 


1, 


151,000 
428,000 
151,000 
716.000 
39,000 
244,000 
8,700 
343,000 
109.000 
300,000 


3,358,000 

203,000 

111,000 

9,100 

202,000 

15,000 

31,000 

1,800 

5.400 

600 

«6,000 

25,000 

221,000 

13,000 

722,000 

32,000 

17,000 

1,000 

253,000 

22,000  i 

736,000 

57,000  1 

388,000 

5,600 

M,000 

5,000  1 

14»,000 

11,000  ! 

87,000 
15.000 

4,200  j 
1,000  li 

▼•to. 


17,000 


4,800 
800 
1,400 


7,500 


1,600 
C,600 
300 


10.000 
8,900 

20,000 
7,600 
5.300 
1,100 

16.000 

15,000 
1,800 
4,600 
6.600 

11,000 

13.000 
9,500 
700 

30,000 
1,200 


164.000 


6,800 
38,000 

5, 100 
39,000 
500 
11,000 
100 

7.200 

2,500 
52,000 

l,fiOO 


FLOUNDESS. 


Alabama  

California  

Connectioat...  

Delaware  

Florida  

Georgia  

Louisiana  

Maine  

Maryland  

Masaaclmntto  

Mississipiii  

New  Jersey  

New  Yorlc  

North  Carolina  

Oregon  

Pennsylvania  

Rhods  latead  

Sooth  CarallBft.  

Texas  

Virginia  

Washington  


OBOUPER. 


Alabama.. 
Florida  

Fresh. 

Salted. 


Unltai 

Florid|.. ...... 


United  States. 
Fresh  


Connecticut  

Maine  

Fresh  

Salted  

Massachusetts  

Frash  

Salted  

New  Ilampshlrs. 

New  Jersey  ... 

New  York.  


United  States. 
Fresh  


Maine  

Fresh  

Salted  

Massachusetts  

Fresh  

Salted  

New  Hampafaira. 

MmrTitt. 


Voltod 


6, 


31,000 
681,000 
707,000 

17,000 

185,000 
7.200 
71,000 
31,000 
47,000 
124,000 
38,000 
660,000 
629,000 
403,000 
23,000 
4,700 
801,000 
4,700 
140,000 
189,000 
474,000 


1,870,000 

42,000 

1,864,000 

6,000 

40,000 
300 

394,000 
1,276,000 
1,270.000 
6.000 
160,000 
40,000 

3,900 
34,000 
34,000 
300 
3,900 
1,000 

389,000 

19,000 

08,000 

59,987,000 

1,308,000 

58,946,000 

i,m,m 

1,286,000 

a,m 

24,000 
10,513,000 
10,444,000 
69,000 
48,492,000 
47,619,000 
073,000 
100,000 
20,000 
4H000 

900 
243,000 
242,000 
1,300 
1,038,000 
1,017,000 
21,000 
2.700 
600 
^000 

H340,000 

464,000 

n,m,m 
mm 

4«^000 

500 

17,398,000 
17,104,000 
295,000 
16.708,000 
16,478,000 
230,000 
13,000 
181,000 
30,000 

«,aoe 

0) 

168,000 
164,000 

4,100 
294.000 
289,000 

4,800 
100 

1.000 

l,«lt 
m 

M,m,m 

i,mm 

mm 

■-ts 

8,500 
200,000 
4,145,000 
3,489,000 
f..V.,000 
1(),000 
30,072,000 

600 
15,000 
310,000 
357,000 

53,000 
700 
1,236,000 

Ktntueky, 


FROBOCT8. 

Tabu  ».— PRODUCTS— DETAIL  SUMMARY  BY  STATES  AND  BY  SPECIES:  1908— Continued. 


S7 


United  States. 


California. 
Maine  

Salted. 


Fresh.. 
Salted. 
New  York. 


United  SUtes. 


Illinois. 
Indiana. 


Fndi  

Salted.... 
Minnesota. . . . 

Fresh  

Salted  

Smoked... 
New  York.... 
Ohio  

Fresh  

Salted  

Pennsy  1  vaniA. 
Wisconsin.... 

Fresh  


VHtad 


Fmh. 
Salted. 


Alabama  

Florida  

Georgia  

North  Carolina. 

Fresh  

Adted.  


JEWnSH. 


United  States. 


Fresh.. 
SaltwL. 


Gailfomla  

Fndi  

Salted  

Ftorida  

Louisiana  

North  Caroliaa.. 
Sooth  C 
Tent.. 


JUEIX. 


UnttadStatea. 


Alabama. 
Florida... 


LADYHSH. 


United  States. 


Fresh. 
Salted. 


Florida. 

Fresh  

Salted... 


i  Leas  than  tlOQ. 

i"  "  ■ 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


125,050,000 


115,563,000 
0,30,000 
234,000 

825,000 
92,985,000 
89, 188,000 
3,563,000 
234,000 
38,101,000 
9^812,000 
8,000,000 

2,m 

15,000 
214.000 


41,118,000 


25,242,000 
11,051,000 
3,025,000 

598,000 
19«,000 
14,787,000 
5,170,000 
0,617,000 
2,778,000 
1,008,000 
1,165,000 
4,000 
2,044,000 
4,792,000 
4,780,000 
12,000 
.■?,79(i,000 
12,1LM,(XX) 
7,04(1,000 
1,157,000 
3,021,000 


878,000 


859,000 
17,000 

60,000 

198.000 
3,500 
377,000 
360.000 
17,000 
3,100 
2.800 


223,000 


202,000 
22,000 

ICl.OOO 
140.000 
22,000 
14,000 
100 
1,200 
700 
46,000 


82,000 


100 
0,000 


846,000 


229.000 
117,000 

1,000 
346,000 


in,4 


Vato. 


6796,000 


668,000 
US.  000 
2,900 

11,000 
420,000 
389,000 
28,000 
2,900 
342,000 
235,000 
107,000 
100 

:m 

1,900 
21,000 


989,000 


AMD  8E1IB. 


730,000 
101,000 
67,000 

28,000 
8,400 
304,000 
149,000 
155,000 
38,000 
21,000 
18,000 
200 
51,000 
147,000 
147,000 
400 
90,000 
322,000 
2.37,000 
18,000 
67,000 


88,000 


37,000 
1,000 

2,700 
8,000 
200 
20,000 
19,000 
1,000 
300 
100 
6^200 


5,100 


um, 

United  States  


Illinois  

Mnsiaefausetts.... 

Ohio  

WisoooalB.  

AUollMrstalas*. 


4,300 
800 

2,600 
1,800 
800 
1,100 


(') 
(') 


100 


1,300 


900 


(') 


900 


9.000 


5,000 
4,000 


(') 


9.000 
5,000 


United  SUtes. 
Fnsh..... 


Connecticot  

Maine  

Fresh  

Salted  

Maryland  

Massachoaetts.. 

Fresh  

Salted  

New  Jersey.... 

New  York  

Rbodsr 


United  Striw.. 


California  

Florida  

New  York.... 
Rhode  lalaiid. 


MEHBAOKM. 


United  States. 


FMsh. 


Alabama  

Connecticut  

Delaware  

Florida.  

Maryland  

Massachusetts... 

Fresh  

Salted  

Mississippi  

New  Jersey  

New  York  

North  Carolina.. 


United  States  

Virginia  

MOOimSH  (ANGEL-FISH,  OB  STADEnsu). 


United  States. 


Florida  

North  Carolina. . 
ABotiisr  Stales*. 


mnunr. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


320.000 


27,000 
73,000 
100,000 


12. 103,000 


9,870,000 
2;3S8,0at 

122,000 
380,000 
378,000 
3,300 
4,400 
10,468,080 
8,328,000 
2,231,000 
^OOO 


60,000 


197.000 
4,500 
68,000 
01^009 


394.776,000 


304,771.000 

5,000 

1.200 
2l,63(i,000 
0.815,000 
2,000 
13,393,000 
258,000 
353,000 
5,000 
3.149,000 
12,417,000 
12,762,000 
87.413,000 
17,00,00 
18^00,00 


2.200 


2,200 


m,ooo 


5f» 


United  Slates. 


FKih.. 
Salted.. 


Alabama  

California  

Delaware  

Fhirida.  

Freab  

Salted  

Georgia  

Louisiana  

Maryland  

Mls^ippi  

New  Jersey  

New  York  .  

North  rarolina.. 

Fresh  

Salted  

South  Carolina.. 

Fresh  

Saltsd.  

Texas. 


30,682,000 
3,020,000 

1,656,000 
3,600 
27,000 
24,582,000 
23,636,000 
1,046.000 
194.000 
I.'».000 
47,000 
1,035.000 
7,600 
100 
5,070.000 
3,185,000 
1,885,000 
664,000 
575.000 
89.000  I 
20.000  I 
.  2(14.000  i 

*  Includes  Alabama,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  and  Virgioia. 


33.703.000 


Value. 


64,500 


600 
1,300 

i,an 


848,000 


086,000 


s,on 

81,00 
81,00 

900 
761,000 
600,000 
161,000 
14,00 


893,000 


803,00 


0) 
93.000- 
152,000 
(«) 

30,  OW 
1,40 
1,30 
200 
3.900 
43,00 
32,00 
70,00 


900 


90 


0,00 


4,000 
1,80 

908,000 


786,000 
122,00 

33,000 
.TOO 
1.000 
637.  aw 
508,000 
39,00 
5.4W 
5,60 
1,60 
20,00 
80 

(') 

176,00 
94,00 

80.000 
19,000 
Iti.OOO 
3,100 
90 


FISH£EI£S  OF  TH£  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 
tmmm^-9momKm--meajL  araocAsr  by  mxtm  Asovt  semmt  liw  oothij. 


NVSKALLUNGE. 


United  StiUw. 


Mfchi^ran.. 
M««r  York. 
OMo  


MUTTOR-naa. 


*  Less  Xbaa  tloH. 

*  Tnrfawka  lima,  Mlnnwiota,  Tennessee,  and  Texas. 


25,000 

4,000 

19,000 

(») 
1,900 


417,000 


137,000 

7,000 

400 

173,000 

14,000 

TOO 

M5.000 

30,000 

1,300 

100 

140.000 

11,000 

90.000 

8,700 

M,000 

U,000 

no 

sr.ooo 

7,9^009 

sn,ooo 

18,000 

14,000 
238,000 
119,000 
350,000 

19,000 
2,378,000 

17,000 
144,000 
360,000 
1,441,000 

85,000 
118,000 


34,000 


777,000 


400 
190,000 
478,000 
2,600 
100,000 


2,950,000 


14,000 
14,000 
61,000 
35,000 

478,000 

351,000 
58,000 
90,000 
60,000 
1,118,000 
14,000 

305,000 
12,000 

317,000 


31,700 


(») 


400 

1,200 


200 


9,600 


1,518,000 

49,000 

71,000 

2,000 

408,000 

12,000 

6,900 

300 

1,800 

100 

66,000 

1,700 

132,000 

5,O0O 

463,000 

14,000 

128,000 

4,000 

20,000 

800 

1,600 

100 

%flOt 

m 

lUinois  

Iowa  

Kentucky  

Michigan  

Minnesota  

Missouri  

New  York  

Ohio  

Pennsylvania  

Wisconsin  

All  otber  states'. 


Connectlaak.  

Maine  

Fresh  

Salted  

Massachusetts... 

Fresh  

Salted  

New  Hampshlw. 

New  Jersey  

New  York  

Rhode  Island.... 


Florida.... 
North  ( 

Texas  

Virginia  

All  other  states*. 


1,700 
600 
12,000 

7,600 
22,000 

1,000 
73,000 

1,300 

5,400 
14,000 
54,000 

3,400 

5,500 
MkOOO 


Florida.... 
Fresh. 


United  States 
Florfda. 


32,000 


(') 
6,600 
14,000 
100 
U,000 


174,000 


1,100 
1,100 
3,200 
3,800 

32,000 

11,000 
1,200 
9,600 
3,100 

70,000 
1,600 

11,000 
1,000 

23,000 


Arkansas.  

Ulinoia  

Mlchigaa  


United  States. 
Pfesh  


CaBfurnia.... 
Fresh  

Salted.... 

Oregon  

Washington.. 


BOUND  BOBIN. 


FlnrMi  m... 


UolM 

GuBfomla  


U,M7,000 


14,000 
38,000 
8,400 
1,194,000 
273,000 
34,000 
2,001,000 
8,625,000 
3,956,000 
88,000 
16,000 


28,078,000 
1,384,000 

25,000 
8,941,000 
8,477,000 
464,000 
20^006,000 
19,086,000 
920,000 
6,300 
84,000 
133,000 
266,000 


608,000 
11,000 
18,000 
20,000 
14,000 


5,000 

133,000 

35,000 


36,000 
336^000 


107,000 


15,000 
6,200 
57,000 
12,000 
16,000 


2,464,000 


2,319,000 
2,310,000 
8,800 
3,000 
132,000 


26,000 


20,000 


500 


.500 


  •Includes  Arkansas,  Indiana,  Kansas,  Louisiana,  Nebraska,  Tennessee,  and 

West  Vli^jtata. 

•  IneiiidM  Alahma  Tnnhiaiw  Migjkoi,    Massachusetts,  Mississippi,  and 


PRODUCTS. 

M^vmtmuamsmjJL  suiofABT  by  statbs  and  by  sfsohs: 


39 


Quaottt 


ValM. 


1,720,000 


6,900 
1,257,000 
9,200 
413,000 
34,000 
^MO 


CUtfomia  

Fresh.... 
Salted.... 

Cmnecticut.. 


10^379,000 

39,000 

9,211,000 
9,173,000 

39,000 
100 

19,000 

2). 

91^876,000 


4,638,000 


United  Btatas. 

Oaanecticat  

Maiylaiid  

Ifasnehosetts.  

New  Jeney  

New  York....  

Peainjil>MlB  I ...... 

Rhode  IriMd  

yt^gtai*.^  


6,m,000 


8,414,000 


SEA  BASS. 


UBtledStatss. 


95,000 
300 
1,136,000 
1,196,000 
1,294,000 

11,000 
406,000 

06,000 


6,352,000 


Conneetleut. 
Delaware.... 

Florida... 


Oenxia  

Mar^^ud  

Massadmsetta... 

Mississippi  

New  Jersey  

New  York  

North  Carolina. . 
Pennsylvania . . . 
RbodeblHid. 


3, 


United  StatM. 

FctMcy  •  •  • 
Y'flriCs  ••••••••  • 


KJoaey 


United 


California  

Connecticut  

Delaware  

Florida.......  

Georgia  

Mahie  

Maryland  

Massachusetts  

Itow  Jersey  

Hew  York  .  

North  Carolina.  

Oregon  

Pennsylvania  

Rhode  Island  

Soath  CaroUna  

Virginia.  

Washington.  


UUtadStatss. 


Maryland.. 
New  York. 


61,000 
300 
154,000 
233,000 
225,000 
114,000 
200 
161,000 
723,000 

72,000 
860,000 
197,000 
401,000 


115,000 
62,000 


27,641,000 


1,169,000 
122,000 
870,000 

2,836,000 

1,333,000 
770,000 

8,937,000 
389,000 

3,004,000 
360,000 

8,942,000 
431,000 
593,000 
4,500 
464,000 

7,314,000 
100,000 


78,060 

W 
1,919 


100 
32,000 
200 
6,200 
1,000 
0) 


3,345,000 

1,700 

471,000 
470,000 
1,700 

0) 
3,700 

J*iS*5S2  8 

1,871,000 1 


30,000 


89,090 


290,000 


8,500 

(*)  ^ 
40,000 

35,000 

45,000 

300 

158,000 

3,500 


284,000 


5,400 

(>) 
6,600 
14,000 
6,800 
8,400 

123,000 
35,000 
3,200 
44,000 
12,000 
22,000 
2^900 


Uattad 

IBM 

Florida.  

Georgia  

Louisiana  

Mississippi  

North  Carolina  

South  Carolina  

Texas  

Virgliila.  

AIIollMratatM*  

fln.TBB  BAKE, 

United 

California  

Connecticut... 

Maine.  

Massachusetts 

New  Jersey . . . 
New  York  


SKATES. 


8,637,000 


24,000 
1,571,000 

64,000 

249,000 
81,000 

249.000 
20,000 


10,388,090 


81,809 
17«,«ll 


2,113,000 


12,000 

18,000 

68,000 
320,000 
190,000 

42,000 
247,000 

12,000 
229,000 

27,000 
373,000 
8,000 

38,000 
400 

41,000 
486,000 
1,900 


1,600 


1.4B0 


■  Less  than  $100. 

*  Less  than  100  pounds. 

*  Inelndei  Delaware,  Maryland,  New  Jers^,  and  New  Yoik. 


United  States. 


5,889,000 

3,708,000 
268,000 
534,000 


402,000 


California  

Massachusetts  

New  York  

AU  other  sUtes«. 


Unttad  States. 


124,000 
93,000 

168,000 
18,000 


4,8«,089 


CaliCamla  

Conneetteat  

Maine.  

Massacfansetts.  

New  HampsfaiR  

New  Jersey  

New  York  .'  

Oregon  

Rhode  Island  


United  States. 


718,000 
10,000 

654,000 
16,000 

2,600 
7,500 
4,000 
30,000 
1,200 

a,8n;o89 


13,498,000 


Alabama. 
Florida... 

Georgia  

So^hOl 
Tesm.. 


2,635,000 
7,719,000 
880,000 
13,080 

2,— 


Florida  

North  Carolins... 
Sooth  CaraUnn... 


SPANISH  MACKEREL. 


United  States. 


18,989 

1.009 


3,806,000 


Fresh., 
Salted. 


Alabama  

CaUfonda  

IT    I  111 

Freui  

Salted  

Florida  

Fresh  

Salted  

Mississippi  

NewJcfsey  

Nortti  Carolina... 

Texas  

Virginia  

AU  other  States*. 


3,705,000 
101,000 


13,000 
349,000 

327,000 

23,000 
647,000 
569,000 
78,000 
7, 100 
7, 100 
457,000 
42,000 
276,000 
6,200 


SPOT. 


United  Stita. 


1,824,000 


Alabtuna.  

Delaware  

Florida  

Maryland  

Missiislppi  

New  Jersey..  

New  York  

North  Carolina  

aoutti  Carolina.  

Virginia................. 


83,000 

15,000 
178,000 
3,100 

71,000 
255,000 
109,000 
852,000 

66,000 
191,989 


«  BmMm  Mnr  taasjr,  NMh 


1,2» 
89,989 

8,119 
18,989 

4.300 
12.000 
900 
14,000 

5,000 


4,200 


1,000 
700 

2,100 
400 


174,1 


65,009 

2,800 
300 

1,500 
900 
800 
100 

mm 


92,000 
434,000 
80,000 


15,009 
3I» 

(») 

194,009 


190,000 
3,500 

600 
6,889 

4,600 

700 
122,000 
120,000 
2,800 
600 
1,800 
34,000 
3,400 
25,000 
700 


46,000 


l.t.00 
1,300 
4,300 
100 
1,300 
3,100 
2,600 
16,000 
1,800 


tlBHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


Table  6.— PRODUCTS— DETAIL  SUMMARY  BY  STATES  AND  BY  SPECIES:  1908-OoiitiiKMd. 


AND  STATE. 


United  Stata.. 


OmnecUfUt.-.  

I>*l»w«r«....^.. 
Flonda  

FYesh  

SalKd  

0*01  gift  ..... 

Loui&iaiis. . ...... 

M«rvl«nd  

ltDttiSBipp\  .«.•*.. 

"  tUtaty  

rYotk  


Pi  Ufa 

Salted... 
Pennsylvania 
Rbode  Island 
Sooth 


Xew  Jersey. ....... 

New  York  

NOTthCMXtliHU... 


Maryland. 

ICrfai^nn. . 
Minnesota. 


Sclmska... 
Kevierwy. 
NnrTock.. 

North  ( 

Ohio  

Orreon  

rena^vlvani.i. 
Viipnia. 


Fresh... 
Smoked. 


sucKxas. 


Alabania . . . 

Illinois  

Inrfhin^  


Quantity 
(poonds). 


49,8fi9.000 


908,000 
1,337,000 
180,000 
2.590,000 
4,864,000 
4,810.000 
54,000 
140,000 
1,108,000 
1,191,000 
1,971,000 
517,000 
11,814,000 
11,151,000 
4,635,000 
4,820,000 
14.000 
12,000 
2.427.000 
183.000 
1,055,000 


3,657,000 


1,776.000 
6.500 
53.000 
9,000 
8,900 
2, 100 
640,000 
5,100 
53,000 
45,000 
510,000 
7,200 
34,000 


Value. 


2.072.000 


2,070,000 


io,aao 

n.ooo 

62.000 
100.000 
178.000 

52.000 
215,000 


8,300 

37.000 

57.000 
164.000 
132.000 

11.000 
132,000 
105.000 

62.000 
8.(500 
114.000 

16.000 
183,000 
185,000 
112,000 
110,000 

%m 


8.555.000 


8,199.000 
356,000 

80,000 
66.000 
281.000 
21,000 


$1,776,000 


1,774,000 
*«0 

10,000 

42,000 

6.800 
29,000 
196,000 
194,000 
2,200 
12,000 
82.000 
47,000 
58,000 
28,000 
342,000 
451,000 
206.000 
206,000 
600 
200 
72,000 
8,700 
46,000 


314,000 


135,000 
800 
7,300 
1,000 
800 
400 
66,000 
800 
7.400 
7,600 
36,000 
800 
4,700 


157,000 


157,( 


3,300 

5.000 
7.000 
6.500 
6.800 

11,000 
2,400 
1,000 
5,000 
7.100 

11,000 
5,000 
600 

13,000 

16,000 
6,400 
700 
6.800 
3,700 

22,000 
0,000 
8,100 
7,700 

soo 

I^MO 


215,000 


208.000 
6,700 

4,600 
3,000 
6,400 
1,100 


SPECIES  AND  STATE. 


Iowa  

Kentucky.. 

Maine  

Michigan... 

Fresh... 

Salted.. 
Minnesota.. 

Missouri  

New  Jersey. 
New  Y«tk.. 
North  r 

Ohio  

Pennsylvania... 

Tennessee  

W«tVlisim»... 
Wisconsin ...... 

Fresli  

Salted  

All  other  states 


SUKF-nSH,  OB  VmrABOITS  PXBCH. 


Califotato. 


TTntted 


California  

Connecticut  

Maine  

Massachusetts  


United  StalH.. 


Connecticut . . . 

Delaware  

Massachusetts. 
New  Jeney..., 
N«wYork  


TOXCOD. 


Mataa. 

New  York  

All  other  states*. 


NMrT«k. 


TBOUT.LAKX. 


UaHed 


Fresh., 
Salted. 


Illinois  

Indiana  

Micliigan  

Fresh  

Salted  

Minnesota  

Fresh  

Salted  

New  York  

Ohio  

Pennsjrlvanis.. 
Wisconsin. .... 

Fresh  


United  SUtes. 


Arkansas  

Michigan  

Ohio  

All  other  states*. 


>Tnchides  Al 
Dakota.  Tennessee, 

» Includes 
Dakota,  aad 

a~  "  " 


*  Less  thaa  100  pomdiL 


Quantity 


1 


197,000 
46,000 

58,000 
467,000 
235,000 
232,000 
76,000 
54,000 
74,000 
276,000 
63.000 
387,000 
57,000 
69,000 
6,000 
212,000 
089,000 
123,000 
06,000 


885,000 


198,000 
26,000 
6U,000 


2,714,000 


7.800 
240.000 
513,000 
1,642,000 

3,600 
308,000 


095,000 


119,000 
55,000 
170,000 
112,000 
81,000 


280,000 


49,000 
117,000 
97,000 
26,000 


12,024,000 


11,671,000 
353,000 

150,000 
130,000 
6,798,000 
6,508,000 
290,000 
215,000 
188,000 
27,000 
20,000 
(«) 

700 
4,710,000 
4,675,000 
86,000 


265,000 


16,000 
37,000 
172,000 

ao.000 


PRODUCTS. 

tmm  «w-mM»IIGX»-]XBXAlL  SmOCABT  BY  SIATES  AND  BY  SmXES: 


41 


^OOBds). 


Valne. 


I  AMD  KTATK. 


Quantit; 


Vahw. 


7,722,000 


7.  . 

sa;ooo 

15,000 

14,000 
52,000 
4,772,000 
41,490,000 
270,000 
13,000 
242,000 
241,000 
1,000 
179,000 
732,000 
455,000 
1,274,000 
1,202,000 
71,000 


1,614,000 


United  States 

Alabama  

Florida  

Louisiana  

South  f>">i''m  

California  

Connectlcilt.  

Florida  

Louisiana  

Maryland  

Massachusetts  

New  York  

Oregon  .*  

Washington  

ASotlMratataa*  

Arkansas.... 

Delaware  

Florida  

niinois  

Iowa  

Louisiana  

Maryland  

Mkshigaa  

Mississippi  

New  Jersey. . 
New  York. . . 
Pennsylvania 

Tennessee  

Texas  

Vbginla. 

'**"  «.  

noos. 

Valtid 

ArkaasM  

Delaware  

Illinois  

Iowa  

Louisiana  

Maryland  

Minnesota  

Missouri  

North  CtroUiia. 

Ohio  

Tennessee  

^rginia 

1 
a 


230,000 
98,000 
35,000 
34,000 
817,000 
274,000 
0.900 


aa,floo 

1,100 

170,000 
64,000 
17,000 


S,S72,000 

366.000 
150.000 

2.'),  000 
599;  000 
242,000 

36,000 
660,000 

00,000 


217,00* 

800 

3,100 
135,000 
1.300 
8,600 
5,500 
8,100 
0,«0 
4,100 
9,700 
8,100 

SOO 
3,200 

700 

MB 

a,m 

259,000 


27,000 
1,900 

25,000 
2,500 

38.000 
1,000 

66,000 

67,000 
5,400 
4.000 
5.000 
3,000 

M,«BB 


$524,000 


507,000 
17,000 
1,300 

800 
5,000 
339,000 
323,000 
15,000 
1,200 
11,000 
11  000 
100 
15,000 
60,000 
37,000 
66,000 
66,000 
1,100 


78,000 


8,600 
9,400 
3,400 
4,000 
28,000 
17,000 
500 
4,800 
1,900 


18,000 

14,000 
3,200 
000 


101,000 

45,000 
700 

18.000 
5,000 
1.200 
8,000 
5.800 
1,000 

16,000 
1,000 


700 
S.000 

16,000 
800 
5,300 
4.400 

11,000 

4\m 

10,000 

7,600 

SOO 
700 
700 
37,000 


42,000 


*'S2 

TOO 

6,800 
300 

4,500 
500 

7,900 
U,000 
000 
600 

1,000 
700 

s,ioo 


CEABS,  UAED. 


UaltedStetas. 


43,612,000 


Alabama.  

California  

Delaware  

Florida  

Georgia  

Louisiana  

Maryland  

Massachusetts. . . . 

Mississippi  

New  Jersey  

New  Yorlc  

North  Carolina  

Oregon  

Rho<le  Island.. !.. 
South  CaraUu.... 

Texas  

Virginia  

Waishington  


1 


-  12, 


Delaware  

Louisiana  

Maiytend  

If fgfyhnBotti-  - 

Mississippi  

New  Jwsey.,.., 

New  York  

North  Can^im. 

Texas  

 , 


United  States. 


Delaware. . . 
New  Jtmif. 
NewToric.. 


Unftad 
FloiUhi  


United  States. 


Louisiana.. 
Oregon. . . . 
Wfsooo^i. 


CanadStataa. 


Canoeeticot  

Delaware  

Maine  

Maasachmetts... 
New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey  

New  York  


United  States. 


Callibmla.. 
Rsflte.... 


sRKmp  ARD  nAim. 


United  SUtes. 


Alabama  

Fkirida  

Georgia  

Louisiana  

Massachusetts.. 

Mississippi  

New  Jersey  

New  Yortc  

North  Carolina.. 
South  CaroHna.. 

Tennessee  

Texas  

WaridDgton.  


23. 
2, 


246.000 
702.000 
57.000 
148,000 
190,000 
244,000 
786,000 
121,000 
380,000 
282.000 
680.000 
113.000 

an,  000 

146,000 
33,000 
199.000 
001,000 
170,000 


10,801,000 

080,000 

142,000 
78,000 
7,607,000 
1.800 

47,000 
CJ.OOO 
22,000 
»7,000 
600 

t.6a;6M 

8,400 
21,000 
106,000 
300 
5.600 
6.200 
2,300 
83,000 
300 

7.643.000 

23,000 

2,980.000 
4,007,000 
56,000 

4,300 
18,000 
100 

62,000 

3,700 

ti,«n 

a,iio 

614,000 

32,000 

88,000 
178,000 
348,000 

3,600 
14,000 
14,000 

U»17»,000 

1,931,000 

t.80O 

0,929,000 
2,455,000 
264,000 
115,000 
423,000 


626,000 


6.100 
69,000 
600 
2,900 

7:S 

124.000 
2,400 

9.800 
9.100 
7,400 
1,100 
6,000 
2.900 
900 
4,800 
239.000 
51.000 


573,000 


84,000 
800 

1, 209,000 
307,000 
43,000 
16,000 
67.000 


71.000 


69,000 

»,m 


19,080,000 

494,000 

37,000 

1,200 

258.000 

31,000 

4,353,000 

92,000 

528,000 
8,581,000 

19,000 

213,000 

5.800 

1,300 

4,1-'1.0(X) 

81,000 

4,900 

1,000 

1,500 

600 

371,000 

9,000 

453,000 

19,000 

1,700 

200 

118,000 

4.400 
3l;6O0 

10,600 

'  Includes  Alabama.  Indiana,  Illinois,  Kansas.  Maine,  Michigan,  Mississipfil^ 
New  Jcrsi  y,  North  Carolina,  Ohio,  Rhode  Island,  Texas,  and  Virginia. 

« Includes  Indiana,  Maine,  Minnaaota,  Mianuri,  Mortli  CaraUiia»  aad  Ohio. 


FieH£RI£S  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 
Sr-#mii«M!ti-Mim  siniiuxr  bit  stassi  mi»  wt  m 


ovmBs-ixmtlinMi, 


i,m,i 


Maryland  

Itorket  

From  public  areas... 
From  private  areas... 
Swd,  fmn  pobilDi 


7,805,000 


1,317,000 


Caliioniia. 


Florida. 

Georpa... 
Louisaoa. 
Marrland. 


MMrTork 

Kwth  Carolina. 

OltfLUU. .   

Kbode  Ulan.1.. 
Soath  Carolina 


1, 


132,000 
100,000 
6,000 
380,000 
43,000 
100 
82,000 
119,000 
184,000 
809,000 
726,000 
700 
162,000 
76,000 
960,000 


8,6M,000 


United  States. 


468,000 
42,000 
5,061,000 
1,916,000 
906,000 
«6,O0O 


259,000 
34,000 


265,000 


90,000 


Market  

From  public  areas . . 
From  private  areas. 


Market.  

From  public  areas . . 
From  private  areas.. 


Market  

From  public  areas 
I  privata 


178,293,000 
103,641,000 
74,652,000 
15,016,000 

4,132,000 
3,754,000 
3,314,000 
440,000 
378,000 
729,000 
27,636,000 

•,7ee,ooo 

44,000 
9,718,000 
17,874,000 
1.478,000 
16, 3%,  000 
2,434,000 
1,082,000 
177,000 
906,000 
1,352,000 
1,303,000 
49,000 
7,467,000 
7,aZ7,000 
141,000 
10,214,000 
10,063,000 
3,484,000 
6,560,000 
161,000 
63,000 
98.000 
25,553,000 
20,762,000 
13,368,000 
7,309,000 
4,791,000 
4,091,000 
700,000 


4,600 
20,000 
1,300 
15,000 
9,400 
(') 
16,000 
189,000 
318,000 
223,000 
82,000 
100 
39,000 
6,300 
380,000 

ai^oM 


553,000 


5,300 
5,500 
251,000 
186,000 
11,000 
54,000 
2,000 

a,ooo 


25,000 

3,600 
22,000 


21,000 


7,000 
M,O0O 


U,7U,000 


12,721,000 
4,416,000 
8,305,000 
2,992,000 
1,MB.OOO 
1,007,000 

173,000 
169,000 
132.000 
37,000 
4,100 
337,000 
2,583,000 
1,168,000 
4,400 
1,163,000 
1,415,000 
99,000 
1,317,000 
169,000 
112.000 
10,000 
102,000 
57,000 
53,000 
3,500 
296,000 
284,000 
12,000 
339,000 
334,000 
121,000 
213,000 
4,600 
1,800 
2,800 
763,000 
675,000 
341,000 
334,000 
88,000 
82,000 
6,200 
200 


Market . ......... 

From  pnbtio  i 

From  private  i 
Seed  

From  public  areas. . 

From  private  areas. 

Mississippi,  market  

From  pabHaaaM  

Fromprival9MH  

New  Jeney  

Market  

From  public  areas . . 

From  private  areas . 
Seed  ..... 

Fromi 

From] 
NawYork. 

Miricet  

From  public  areas. . 

From  private  areas. 
Seed  ■>>.•.....,«....,... 

From  pubMeawaa. . 

From  pifvaltMM. 

North  Carolina  

Market  

From  public  i 

From  private  t 
Seed... 


From  public  areas . . 
From  private  areas. 
Seed,  from  public  areas. 

Pennsylvania  

Market,  from  privata  an 
Seed,  from  public  areas. 

Rliode  Island  

Market,  from  private  areas. 

Seed  

From  public  areas  

From  privaOai 
Sooth  Carolina,  n  ~ 
FrompidMBl 
FrompAvato 

Texas  

Market  

From  public  areas. 
From  private  areas 
Seed,  taini  pidiliB  HMS 

viisiiiia  .vrr.  

Market  

From  public  i 
FkoBpitTatai 

Seed.  . 


Froui  jwlvala 

Wasbin^n  

Market,  from  private  „ . 
Seed,  intm  private  areas 


SCALLOPS  AND  SCALLOP  RIMS. 

United  States  


Florida  

Maine  

Massachusetts. 

New  York  

Rhode] 
Virginia... 


Florida. 


OoiBMeticat — 
Massachusetts.. 

New  Jersey.... 

New  York  

Rhode] 


43,624,000 
40,811,000 
39,718,000 
1,094,000 
2,812,000 
1,064,000 
868,000 
4,900 
863,000 
316,000 
43,000 
173,000 
7,473,000 
7,423,000 
50,000 
18,105,000 
0,437,000 
107,000 
0,330,000 
11,068,000 
5,402,000 
6,266,000 
17,244,000 
11,946,000 
151,000 
12,795,000 
4,298,000 
628,000 
3,070,000 
5,690,000 
5,275,000 
5,200,000 
66,000 
415,000 
401,000 
14,000 
9, 100 
7,300 
2,300 
5,000 
1,800 
1,938,000 
906,000 
1,032,000 
8,602,000 
8,564,000 
38,000 
21,000 
18,000 
N^M2.000 
10,331,000 
610,000 
3,481,000 
3,428,000 
3,404,000 
24,000 
52,000 
35,525,000 
25, 705,000 
9,581,000 
16,124,000 
9,820,000 
0,252,000 
»8,000 
1,425,000 
1,321,000 
104,000 


2,432,000 


400 
1,257,000 
502,000 
650,000 
4,003 
10,003 


146,( 


32,228,000 
2,127,000 
2,041,000 
86,000 
101,000 
218,000 
203,000 
900 
202,000 
15,000 
-3,100 
12,000 
295,000 
292,000 
3,800 
1,369.000 
884,000 
12,000 

8a,oa3 

485,000 

236,000 
248,000 
2,553,000 
2,173,000 
18,000 
2,155,000 
381,000 
45,000 
336,000 
236,000 
227,000 
220,000 
7,300 
8,800 
8,500 
300 
4.200 
4,000 
800 
3,200 
200 
170,000 
134,000 
42,000 
969,000 
967,000 
2,500 
1,500 
1,000 
137,000 
129,000 
8,000 
168,000 
167,000 
166,000 
1,200 
600 
2,348,000 
1,967,000 
645,000 
1,322,000 
381,000 
357,000 
3«,flOI 
352,000 
346,000 
6,M0 


317,000 


130,000 
1,M0 


8,10,030 

68,000 
7,200 
1,100 
287,000 
8,178,000 


100 
96,000 
120,000 
98,000 


38,000 


1,000 


"■a 


12,888 

1,600 
200 
100 
1,400 
8,900 


PRODUCTS. 

TiMS       FftOBUOTS-imTAIL  SUMMABY  BY  STAfES  AND  BY  8F1CIB8:  lS06-<3eiitiMBed. 


48 


HUSSKL  SHELLS. 


VMM 


Iowa. 
Kentucky... 

Michigan  

Minnesota... 
Missouri. 


OTHER  SHXUB. 


VaMed  States. 


FEAKLS  AND  SLUOS. 

United  States  


Arkansas., 
niinoii..... 
Indian*.... 

Iowa  , 

Kentucky. 
MInneaota. 
Missouri... 
Ohio. ...... 


CalUbnda. . . 

Connecticut. 
Maine  


MMBThnwttii. 

New  Jersey  

New  York  

BtaodeUaod.. 


TERKAPIN. 


Alabama  

Delaware  

Florida  

Georgia  

Illinois  

Louisiana  

Maryland  

Mississippi  

Missouri  

New  Jersey  

North  Carolina. 
South  Carolina. 

Texas  

Viisinia  


Florida. 
lUinois.... 

Iowa  

Louisiana. 
Maine  


Norlli  CuoilBa... 

Ohio  

Texas  

Virginia  

Wisconsin  

AUottaarstatss*. 


Quantity 
(ponds). 


81,888,000 


Florida. 


8,060,000 
5,403,000 
39,809,000 
14,431,000 
4,699,000 
3,413,000 
200,000 
767,000 
170,000 
1,507,000 
2,170,000 
1,180,000 


952,000 


881,000 
300 


2,562,000 


110,000 
21,000 
6,100 
6,900 
1,837,000 
100,000 
189,000 
202,000 


4,400 

2,900 
21,000 
41,000 
205,000 
41,000 
9,200 
5,100 
1,900 
1,100 
7,700 
12,000 
15,000 
400 


1,888,000 

88,000 

H,000 

163,009 
300,000 
93,000 
215,000 
1,400 
28,000 
23,000 
18,000 
20,000 
24,000 
44,000 
63,000 


632,000 


■  T^^s  than  SIOO. 
>  Includes  Alabama,  .Arkansas,  Georgia,  KentoAy, 
Mississippi,  Missouri,  New  Jeney,  and  New  YotIl 


Value. 


3392,000 


42,000 
8,400 
184,000 
81,000 
33,000 
18,000 
800 
4,700 
1,000 
6,600 
9,400 
6,900 


8,400 


7,100 
1,300 


3300,000 

28,000 
170,000 
74,000 
11,000 
1,900 
3,700 
600 
400 
4,200 
8,400 


43,000 


4,400 
400 

0) 

200 
20,000 
3,100 
8,100 
6,600 


80,000 

loo 

1,900 
9,400 
21,000 
13,000 
21,000 
4,900 
1,200 
100 
1,000 
1,800 
2,400 
1,600 
400 


40,000 

1,300 
2,500 
11,000 
8,100 
1,800 
7,800 
600 
000 
700 
900 
1,000 
500 
1,000 
1,700 


848,000 


AMD  ataTB. 


Uattad 


UaMoi 


Florida  

Louisiana  

Soatii  Carolina. 


United 


North 


Uidted 


SXDfS,  Mm. 


Illinois  

Louisiana. 


SKINS,  MCSKKAT. 


United  SUtes. 


Deiawan  

lUinois  

Iowa. .......... 

Louisiana  

Maryland  

Michigan  

MinMsota  

Mtasonri  

New  Jersey  

New  York  

North  Carolina. 

Ohio  

Virginia.. 


SKINS,  OTTEB. 


United  States. 


Florida  

Georgia  

Louisiana  

All  other  states*. 


-WHALEBOMa. 


Untted 


Maine  

Massachuaetu. 


United  States. 
Fresh  


Maine  

Fresh.. 
Salted. 


uattads 

Maine  

Massaehim'tts. 


United  States. 


OIL, 


8|l^  n  Mictb  Carolina.. 


Vain. 

8,188 

•8,888 

178,888 

81,888 

981,800 
118,880 

7m 

48,888 
11,88» 

'■•m- 

48,888 

1,000 

1,808 

22,008 

1,900 
20,000 
900 
40O 

77,Ml 

1,100 
3,100 
1,788 

149,000 

136,000 

22,000 
.  17,000 
1,400 
40,000 
38.000 
300 
1,700 
9,800 
3,000 
100 
500 
14,000 

M88 

24,000 

14,000 
800 
16,000 
50,000 
400 
1,200 
12,000 
2,300 
C) 

800 
14,000 
300 

7,600 

30,000 

5,700 
700 
1,100 

(») 

21,000 
3,600 
4,700 
300 

to.  1)00 

215,000 

32,000 
1,700 
88,888 

119,000 
7,200 
8^iP 

5 

88f,888 

7,488 

52,000 
605.000 

500 
6,900 

96,000 

4,100 

03,000 
9.800 

4,000 
MO 

23.000 
20,000 
2,800 
18,888 

1,000 
900 
100 

221,000 

9,S0O 

83,000 
138,000 

3,600 
5,900 

29.000 

3,000 

8,000 
21,000 

1 

*  Includes  Iowa,  North  Carolina,  Ohio,  Texas,  Virginia,  and  W 

*  Includes  Arkansas,  TifiiiflMWl.  WMai^  MtllOwMmMi 
»  Lees  than  100  pounds. 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 

Tabu  « — ^PRODUCTS— DETAIL  SmiMARY  BY  STATES  AND  BY  SfECSXa: 


.^PEaE-s  A\I>  STATE. 

Vataw. 

S3,0lt 

fl%iP0 

S30,000 

4,000 

1^000 

400 

CalifornJa  *  

772,000 

m 

»,m 

26,000 

on.,  SXAL. 

NorttCaraliM.  

niisH  MUSS. 

United  States  

4,000 

3,391,000 

400 
252,000 

Maaaactaaetts  

388,000 

».m 

t,m 

SEA  O&ASS. 

160,000 
280,000 
28,000 

12,000 
20,000 
1,900 

OMMMXirat  

mm 

hm 

Tablb  6.— PRODUCTS,  BY  APPARATUS  OF  OAPTURE  AND  BY  STATES:  1908. 


nSHEBT  rBODCCTS:  1908. 


rTK£  AND  HOOP  NETS. 


386,000 

2.286.000 
1,218.000 
112.000 
165.000 
4.000 
8,600 
11,370.000 
284.000 
625.000 
1,122,000 
1,758.000 
709,000 
52,000 
2,556.000 
51,000 
1.766.000 
2,538.000 
449.000 
2,951.000 
231.000 
1,714.000 
201.000 
5.300 
241.000 
1,159.000 
72.000 
1,279.000 
2.448,000 


81,218,000 


34,000 
88,000 
«>,000 

8,000 

7,800 
800 
400 
880,000 
16,000 
30,000 
47,000 
32,000 
39,000 

2,200 
94,000 

2,800 
40,000 
88,000 
22,000 
86,000 

8,600 
51.000 

9,000 
300 

5,800 
45.000 

2,600 
47,000 
84.000 


Ouerticat. 
IMawe  


■aiDe  

Matt  Und  

MaasachuiMts.. 
lOrh^  

ou  


rYork. 
Xorth( 

Ohii  

Orepon. ....... 

PRm^iTania. 


■I 


181.224.000 

I  7.536.000 

85,000 

1,300 

18,427.000 

709,000 

ISO.  000 

20.000 

1.075.000 

85.000 

29.80.3.000 

1,133.000 

1.721.000 

213.000 

963,000 

51.000 

385.000 

18,000 

24.000 

800 

1.404.000 

56,000 

3.03X.000 

174.000  j 

14.885.000 

393.000  1 

13.240.000 

715.000 

2,991,000 

50.000 

4,818.000 

810.000 

7,412.000 

aw.  000 

7.733.000 

37f).000 

9,400.000 

a3(;.ooo 

22,849.000 

1,070.000 
235.000 

7,659.000 

593.000 

21,000 

886.000 

48.000 

151.000 

7.000 

3.489.000 

205.000 

16. 202.000 

4<i8.000 

12,481,000 

833.000 

KIND  or  AFPABAIVS  AND  STATE. 


POUND  Nxra,  ntAF 
United  States  


nSHEBT  FEODVCTS:  1906. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Arkansas  

Conneoticnt.. 
Delaware..^. 

Florida  

Georgia  

lilinois  


Iowa  

Louisiana  

Maine  

Maryland...... 

MassachuaeMil. 

Michigan  

Minnesota  

Mississippi  

Missouri  

New  Jersey. 
NewYofk., 
Nortlif 

Olito..  

OngBD..  

PennsylTania.. 
Rhode  Islaad.. 

Tennessee.  

Virginia  

Washington.... 
Wii 


AMmuhl... 

Arkansas  

California... 
Connecticut. 
Delaware.... 
Florida  


814.031.000 


85,641,000 


275,000 

i,m*m 

11,000 

295.000 
277,000 
32.000 
293.000 
321,000 
86,000 
00,021.000 
27.105.000 
18.641.000 
19.299,000 
1,198,000 
61,000 
38,000 
80,388,000 
11,006,000 
14.040.000 
9,783.000 
353.000 
322,000 
19,406.000 
74,000 
52.  .560. 000 
28.860.000 
8,080,000 


7,100 


400 

18,000 
14,000 
1,200 
18.000 
11,000 
889 
357,000 
321.000 
266,000 
550,000 
44.000 
1,200 
1,100 
589,000 
417,000 
391,000 
308,000 
IS. 000 
13,000 
888.000 
2.400 
833.000 
868,000 
308,000 


573,405,000 


Indiana  

Iowa  , 

Kentucky  

Louisiana  

Maine  

Marytaad  

MassadnBetta... 

Miohisran  

Minnesota....... 

MLssls-sippi  

Missouri  

New  Jersey  

HtmYaik  

North  GaraUn.. 

Ohio  

Oregon  

Pennsylvanta... 
Rhode  Island . . . 
South  Carolina.. 


Texas. 

Vtrginia.  

Washington.. 


150,000 
002,000 
6,892.000 

29,398,000 
61.091.000 
20,400.000 
549,000 
15,945,000 
70,000 
1,877,000 
247,000 
12.496,000 
27.877,000 
17,983,000 
25,397,000 
2,051.000 
1,884.000 
8,118,000 
1,915,000 
9.649,000 
18.178,000 
71,069,000 
5,781,000 
2,987,000 
722,000 
10,648,000 
567,000 
223.000 
3,655,000 
191,633.000 
14,932,000 
4>3K,000 


5.999,000 


4,400 

21.000 
116.000 
116,000 
219,000 
606,000 
38.000 
460,000 
4,200 
68.000 
12,000 
400,000 
171,000 
128,000 
806,000 
55,000 
53,000 
108,000 
68,000 
108.000 
327.000 
591,000 
105,000 
152.000 
22,000 
40,000 
16,000 
K  700 
1S3,0CS 
531,000 
833,000 
MM8t 


Table  6.— PRODUCTS,  BY  APPARATUS  OF  CAPTURE  AND  BY  STATES:  1908— Continued. 


45 


•  or  ACTABAm  AMD  mumu 


flUmiEL  NETS. 


United 


Alabama. . , 
Arkansas. . 
California . . 
Florida.... 
nunoia..... 

Iowa.  

Kentucky., 
LooMana.. 
Maryland.. 
Minnesota. 
Mississippi. 


Tennessee. 

Texas  

WlioaiHin. 


United 


Arkansas. 
California. 
Delaware. 


minols.. 


mindls. 
Indiana. 

Louisiana  , 

Maine  

Maryland  

Massachusetts. 


WasMppi.. 
New  leraey. 

NewYortc.. 
North  ( 

Ohio...  

PflUMiy  1  v&nifl .  • 
Sooth  Canriina. 

Texas  

Virginia. 
Wa  " 


United  States. 


Massachusetts. 

New  York  

Rhode  Island., 


United  States  


nc 


Alabama  

Arkansa.s  

California  

Connectieot.... 

Delaware  

Florida  , 

Georgia  , 

lUinois  

Iowa  

Maine  

Maryland  , 

Massachnsetta.. 

Michigan  

Minnesota  

Mississippi  

Miaaoorf..  

New  Jmey  

New  Yo«k...... 

North  CanOna. 

Ohio  

Pennsylv  ania. . 
Rhode  I.sland . . 
Carolina. 


Qnanttt; 


Ukn8»080 


2,371,080 

129,000 
1,9,51,000 
792,000 
8,100^000 
1,087,000 
9,600 
71,000 
12,000 
42,000 
1,839,000 
1,052,000 
489,000 
27.5,000 
79,000 
281,000 


33,582,000 


5,000 
5,739,000 
160,000 
754,000 
197,000 
35,000 
12,000 
404,000 
2,422,000 
2,853,000 
6,040,000 
3,100 
102,000 
117,000 
144,000 
920,000 
19,000 
205,000 
552,000 
251,000 
828,000 
900,000 


3,752,000 


2,972,000 
268,000 
496,000 


7,079,000 


(■am,  iBAwi,  Am  mv). 


.Alabama  

Arkan.sas. . . 
California... 
Connecticut. 
Delaware . . . 

Florida  

Georgia  

nuaii^  


14,000 
20,000 
214,000 
533,000 
23,000 
119,000 
2,200 
68,000 
55,000 
539,000 
800 
362,000 
100,000 
40,000 
28,000 
22,000 
9,200 
108,000 
81,000 
9,200 
fi,000 
325,000 
3,900 
64,000 
81.000 

»^m 


343,960,000 


3,553,000 
1,061,000 

8,130,000 
1,100,000 

20<'>,  000 
12,747,000 
1,810,000 
1,242,000 

132,000 


•186,000 


Enn»  or  AfVABAnn  Am  mam. 


88,000 
«i900 
81,000 
27,000 
181,000 
46,000 
400 
5,800 
1,200 
900 
57,000 
40,000 
0,400 
7,600 
4,000 
7,200 

u^ooo 


653,000  ! 


100 
121,000 
11,000 
25,000 

9,400 

1,800 
900 
33,000 
35,000 
63,000 
87,000 
300 

2,700 
10,000 

9,300 
57,000 

1,000 
12,000 
25,000 

7,200 
29,000 
12,000 

too 


90,000 


66,000 
9,400 

14,000 
1,100 


762,000 


700 
1,600 
132,000 
43,000 
2,000 
6, 100 

100 
1,800 
1,400 
48,000 

100 
468,000 
5,800 
1,600 
1,500 
3,600 

800 
8,800 
2,800 
9,700 

500 
19,000 

200 
2,600 
1,700 
1,000 


9,360,000 


120,000 
48,000 

212,000 
41,000 
6,100 

617,000 
74,000 
86,000 
11,000 


LINES  (HAND,  TRAWL,  AND  SET)— Continued. 


Kentncky . . . . . , 

Louisiana  

Maine  .., 

Maryland  

Massachusetts.. 

Michigan  

Mtaunota. .... 

Misstsslppi  

Mis.souri  .,, 

New  Jersey.... 

New  York...... 

North  Caroliu. 

Ohio  

Oregon  , 

Pennsylvania.. 
Rhode  Island... 
South  Caro^.. 
Tennessee...... 

Texas  , 

Vireinia  , 

Wa 


POTS  AND  TRAPS. 


United  States. 


Alabama  

California  

Connecticiit  

Delaware.....  

Florida  

Georgia  

Illinois  

Iowa  

Loui.siana  

Maine  

Maryland  

Massachusetts.  

Michigan  

Minnesota  

Mississippi  

Missouri  

New  Jersey,....  

New  York  

North  OnaHw  

Ohio  

Or^on  

Pennsylvania  

Rhode  Island—  

Tennessee.....  

Virsrinia  

Washincton  

Wisconsin  j  

AH  other  atatas  


WHEELS  Am  I 


T'nited  .'Jtates. 


North  Carolina. 

Oregon  

Washington  


Unitsd  States. 


Alabama  

Arkansas  

California  

Connecticut.... 

Delaware  

Florida  

Georgia  

IlUw^  

Indiana  

Iowa  

Kentucky  

Ix)nisiana  

Maini'  

Mar\innil  

Massachusetts.. 

MichiRan  

Minnesota  

Mis.sissippi  

Missouri  

New  Jersey..,. 

New  York  

North  Carolina. 

Ohio  

Oregon  

Pennsylvania.. 
Rhode  Island,, 
South  Caroll 
Tennessee. . . 

Texas  

Virpinia  

Washington. 
Wisconsin.. . 
AUotiwci 


188,000 
8»8»,000 
88,287,000 

11,491.000 
161,888,000 
855,000 
426,000 
1,022,000 
970,000 
8,382,000 
7,752,000 
.574,000 
118.000 
64,000 
070,000 
1,828,000 
1,388,000 
540,000 
2,712,000 
15,106,000 
35,013,000 
1,133,000 


23,970,000 

2,580,000 

107,080 

6,100 

2,270,000 

137,000 

712,000 

89,000 
37,000 

196,000 

522,000 

47,000 

5,700 

4,100 

32,000 

21,000 

1,500 

1,200 

142,000 
10,371,000 

100,000 

1,291,000 

219,000 
^180^000 

60,000 

325,000 

300 

400 

5,700 

2,800 

138,000 

11,000 

10,000 

15,000 

302,000 

34,000 

915,000 

95,000 

244,000 

6,500 

'  4,500 

4,500 

MO,  000 

20,000 

61,000 

5.400 

1,670,000 

163,000 

1,700 

200 

48,000 

2,500 

2,179,000 

51,000 

840,000 

15,000 

mm 

1,958,000 


123,000 
1,365,000 
481,000 


886,990.000 

18,772.000 

4.132,ai0 

173.000 

8,060,000 

70.000 

729.000 

".37,000 

33, 189.000 

2,t>l4.O0O 

2.441.000 

170.000 

7.8n6.0(X) 

:!!M,0(K) 

10.257,000 

348.000 

88.808.000 

.t5.5.000 

14.431,000 

155,000 

4.080.000 

44,000 

3.413.000 

20.000 

25..'<.'5.?,ono 

7(3.000 

6. SIO.OOO 

:!47.00O 

50.2.50.000 

2.  .393. 000 

5,363.000 

741.000 

200.000 

80O 

748.000 

8.300 

7,473.000 

205.000 

170.000 

1.600 

21.049.000 

1,7(«,<J00 

27.749.000 

2.954.000 

5.907.000 

307,000 

1.597.000 

7,000 

58.000 

7.200 

1.938.000 

176.000 

8.767.000 

1,008.000 

11.014.000 

143,000 

2.170.000 

14,000 
167,000 

3.468,000 

45,954.000 

2,781,000 

1.425,000 

352,000 

1,130.000 

13.000 

88,008 

880,008 

203,000 
9.'>3,000 
124,000 
3,930,000 
52,000 
22.000 
40,000 
46,000 
.332,000 
442,000 
21,000 
7,700 
2,280 
49,000 
55,000 
59,000 
32,000 
101,000 
190,000 
1,868,000 
92,000 

u,m 


100  (100 


1.900 
72,000 
26.000 


u  mmmm  of  th£  UNiira)  states,  im. 


ruam  «.-nKH>I7€fB,  BY  AFPARATTO  07  OAnUBB  AKD  BT  SKAXEB:  im  CVw tinned, 


Vmlne. 

• 

Valiie. 

•01,000 

lOiUHKita.  

86,000 
47,000 
70,000 
400 
530,000 
3,400 
280,000 
14,000 
20,000 
1,617,000 
389,000 
31,000 

•?:» 

9,900 
lOO 
14,000 
600 
39,000 

2,301 

2,100 
97,000 
34,000 

2.809 

n,m 

1,  MS,  000 
80,000 
8,400,000 
1,145,000 
25,000 

att,aoo 

11,000 

S^8S 

ooo 

i;ioo 

33,000 
9,600 
3,600 
005,000 
0,800 
30,000 
400 

Mtanoii  

New  York  

Texaa.  

f 


CHAPTER  YL 


FBODUCTS  OF  THE  P&INCIFAL  FISHERIES  IN  DETAIL. 


Nearly  seven-eighths  of  the  value  of  fishery  products 
of  the  United  States  in  1006  was  lefMrnHitted  bj  90 
kinds  of  products.  Detailed  statistics  for  these 
dasses,  and  also  for  a  few  of  the  minor  products  of 
graeral  interest,  are  presented  in  this  chapter.  The 
products  here  considered  are  the  following; 


/X. 

/V  Bluefish.^ 
^  Buffalo  fish. 
Oup. 


Herring. 
Lake  herring. 
Lake  trout. 


Salmon. 
Shad. 

Shrimp  and  prawn. 


Lobster,  epiny. 
Mackerel. 


Ood. 
'«>  Grabs. 
•-^  Fknmden. 

Haddock. 

Hake. 

Bali^nt. 


Muflsels. 
Oysters. 
Pike  perdbM. 
Polkck. 


Snappers.  *^ 
** Sponges.      ^  _ 
^  Sqneteegne. 
^  Sturgeons. 

Whale  products. 
Whitioflrfi, 


wiis). — ^These  two  species  of  fish  are  generally  known 
indiscriminately  as  alewives,  and  are  found  in  waters 
adjacent  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  P.  pseudoharengus  is 
never  found  south  of  the  Neuse  River,  in  North  Carolina. 
It  is  known  along  the  Potomac  as  "branch  herring," 
on  Albemarie  Sound  as  the  "  big-eyed  hnring"  and  the 
"walUyedhennns/' inNewEr^gUuBd 
on  the  Connecticut  River  as  ''efiwife"  and  "eOwhop." 
It  appears  in  the  rivers  three  or  four  weeks  earUer 
than  the  "glut  herring"  and  the  shad.  P.  sestivalis  is 
found  from  the  Carolinas  to  the  coast  of  Maine.  It  is 
known  in  Chesapeake  Bay  and  Albemarle  Sound  as 
"glut  herring,"  in  the  Ogeechee  River  as  "  English  her- 
ring/' in  theSt.  Johns  RiTeras ''herring/'  and  inlfassa- 
diuaetts  and  during  the  later  runs  in  the  Rappahannock 
as  the  "blueback."  It  is  also  known  as  "blackbdly/' 
"sawbelly,"  and  "kyack."  This  species  is  less  abun- 
dant and  much  less  valuable  as  a  food  fish  than  P. 
psevdoharengus.  Both  species  average  about  a  half 
pound  in  weight  and  from  8  to  10  inches  in  length. 
Thejaieeax^t  inBeto,8eines,w«hni,ete.,  and  besides 
being  of  great  importance  as  food  fish,  are  also  used 
for  bait.  The  name  "alewife"  is  applied  to  the  meor 
haden  in  Delaware,  Maryland,  and  Virginia. 

The  value  of  the  alewife  catch  in  1908  was  $589,000, 
and  constituted  1  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the 
fishery  products  of  the  United  States.  Over  three- 
fourths  of  th»  amount  repieocnted  the  rtixie  of  fish 
disposed  of  besh  and  22  per  eent  the  Tafaie  of  those 


which  were  salted,  while  the  remainder  waa  the  Taloa 
<rfafewwhiehw<efe8moiDBd.  Although  alewivea  wtn 
taken  m  every  state  on  the  Atlantic  coast  except 
South  Carolina,  three  states — Virginia,  Maryland,  and 
North  Carolina — reported  80  per  cent  of  the  value  and 
86  per  cent  of  the  weight  of  the  total  alewife  catch. 
The  following  tabular  statement  gives  the  statistics 
of  the  catch,  by  states: 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Pwoeot 

Per  oeot 

Pounds. 

distribu- 

Amount. 

dktritNi- 

tion. 

tlon. 

AU  other  statai  

iO,  ore,  000 

100 

0300,000 

100 

37.885,000 
28,805,000 
10,028,000 
12,001,000 

42 
32 
12 
14 

171,000 
157,000 
140,000 
121,000 

29 
27 
Si 

u 

In  the  f oOowing  tabular  statemMit  are  given  coat' 
parative  statistics  d  the  catdi  of  alewives  for  a  series 
of  years.  Between  1892  and  1908  no  figures  for  the 
entire  product  in  any  one  year  are  available,  but  the 
returns  for  the  New  England  states  in  1898  have  been 
combined  with  those  for  the  Middle  Atlantic  and  the 
South  Atlantic  states  in  1897,  while  the  results  from 
the  canvass  of  the  New  England  states  for  1905,  the 
Middle  Atlantic  states  fcnr  1904,  and  the  South  Atlantic 
states  for  1902,  have  been  similarij  combined.  This 
course  has  been  followed  in  presenting  the  figures  for 
other  classes  of  products  when  returns  are  not  avail- 
able for  the  catch  of  all  districts  in  any  one  year. 


SSSSL 

VilM. 

1908 

89.978,000 
62,062,000 
09,027,000 

m,tn,m 
m,m,m 

$589,000 
474,000 
435,000 
555,000 
501,000 
B7,000 

1897-98  

un  

A  considerable  increase  is  apparent  in  the  quKntity 
of  the  product  in  1908,  as  compared  with  that  of 
previous  years.  At  the  same  time  there  has  been  an 
increaae  in  vahie,  although  this  has  not  ban  oom- 
mensurate  with  the  inerease  in  qnantitj. 

(47) 


B  OF  TH£  UN1T£D  STATES,  190& 


The  catch  taken  by  the  principal  kinds  of  apparatus 
of  capture  was  as  foflows: 


Quantity. 

Pcrocnt 

Percent 
distribu- 
tkn. 

89,978,000 

100 

100 

^Mjrilllito,  trap  nets,  and  wein — 

•8,300,000 
18,«28,000 

74 
21 
3 
I 

372,000 
166,000 

63 
28 
S 
5 

Of  UK  total  iMfe  catch,  74  par  cwl,  or  neariy 

fliiaa  iowrths,  representing  63  per  cent,  or  a  little  less 
than  two-thirds  of  the  total  value,  was  taken  by 
pound  nets,  trap  nets,  and  weirs,  and  21  per  cent,  rep- 
resenting 28  per  cent  of  the  total  value,  by  seines. 
Thus  95  per  cent  of  the  catch,  representing  91  per 
of  the  Talm,  was  tafaen  bj  tlina  two  daases  of 


{PomaUmus  sdltatrix). — ^This  fish  is  found 
m  Atlantic  and  the  Gulf  coasts.  On  the  coast 
of  the  New  England  and  Aliddle  states  it  is  gen- 
erally called  "bluefish;"  in  Rhode  Island,  ''horse 
mackerel;"  south  of  Cape  Hatteras,  ''skip  jack;"  in 
Hoitk  GMna,  Virginia,  and  MMryiuid,  "taOor"  and 
"yiiMfcii.-  and  oa  tlM  Gulf  of  liesdco,  "bhififish." 
Tovng  bluefish  are  called  "snapping  mackerel," 
"snappers,"  and  "salt-water  tailors"  in  Virginia  and 
Maryland;  "blue  snappers"  about  New  Bedford;  and 
"skip  mackerel"  about  New  York.  The  bluefish 
Taries  in  weight  from  1  to  20  pounds,  according  to  the 
and  keality,  and  Utgb  nnmbetB  aie  caught 
tlie  aoMMr  months  with  nets,  tnpB,  a«ines, 
and  hand  fines. 

The  name  "bluefish"  is  also  improperly  applied  to 
the  squeteague  from  southern  New  Jersey  to  Virginia, 
to  the  black  sea  bass  at  Newport  and  New  Bedford, 
to  tlie  "greonfish"  on  the  California  coast  south  of 
Ifonterey,  and  to  the  "homto"  in  the  maifceta. 

The  Tahie  of  the  hlwiUi  catdi  hi  im  waa  $806,000, 
or  JS^^klHj  less  than  1  per  cent  of  the  rabe  at  all 
fisheiy  products.  This  fish  was  taken  in  every  coast 
state  from  Rhode  Island  to  Texas,  but  only  a  small 
quantity  was  taken  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Of  the 
total  value  of  the  catch,  over  one-half  was  reported  by 
the  IriMtieo  of  New  York.  Except  lor  insignificant 
to  salted  in  Florida  and  Nwth  Caztdina,  the 
was  sold  fresh.  The  following  tabular  state- 
gives  the  statistics  of  the  bluefish  catch  for  the 
nporting  tiiis  i^eciea: 


q—intj.  I 

Per  cent 
distribu- 
tion. 

Amount. 

Per  cent 
distribu- 
tion. 

New  York  

7,647,000 

100 

8906,000 

100 

3,191,000 
1.850,000 
1,256,000 
952.000 
242,000 
156,000 

42 
24 
16 

'I 
2 

291,000 
99,000 
45,000 
45.000 
14,000 
12,000 

58 
20 
9 

9 
3 
2 

AacOmtMm  

Statistics  of  the  product  of  the  bluefish  fisheries  for 
previous  years  for  which  data  are  available  are  given 
in  the  following  statement.  The  figures  for  the 
periods  1890-1892,  1897-98,  and  1902-1904 
obtained  in  the  aanner  explained  on  page  47« 


BLUUUH  PBODVCT. 

QuantitT 
(poonda). 

Value. 

7,647,000 
16,576,000 
22,461,000 
18,479,000 
13,480,000 

$506,000 
782,000 
730,000 
735,000 
6W,000 

1888  

The  quantity  and  value  of  the  catcli  of  1908  were 
the  smallest  on  record.  The  distribution  of  the  blue- 
fish catch  by  apparatus  of  capture  was  as  follows: 


mm  or  AmsAtoL 

BDBCMa  nomm:  MM. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Percent 
distribu- 
tion. 

Amount. 

Pwcent 
distribu- 
tion. 

TMri  

7,647.000 

100 

$506,000 

100 

3,781.000 
2,029,000 
1,221.000 
534,000 

a,«n 

SL,m 

49 
27 
16 
7 

\  » 

.307.000 
109,000 
64,000 
38,000 

{  llS 

61 
22 
U 
7 

Bfi^ahjuk. — Under  thb  general  name  are  included 
three  species,  red  or  big-mouthed  buffalo  {Ictiohus 
cyprineUa),  black  or  mongrel  buffalo  (/.  urus),  and 
small-mouthed  or  white  buffalo  (/.  huhalus).  These 
fresh-water  suckers,  to  which  the  name  ''buffalo  carp" 
is  sometimes  erroneously  applied,  are  found  in  the 
waters  of  the  Ifisflissippi  Valley.  They  frequently 
wei^  from  30  to  40  pounds  and  are  caught  with  nets 
and  hand  lines.  The  value  ci  the  catch  in  1908  was 
$498,000,  or  less  than  1  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of 
fishery  products  for  the  United  States.    In  the  fisher- 


PRODUCTS  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  FISHERIES  IN  DETAIL. 


iea  ol  the  IfiMaBippi  Bi?«r  and  ite  tribntariMy  howavar, 
this  &h  ranked  second  in  importance,  c<»rtributing  15 

per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  fishery  products  of 
that  district.  Ninety-one  per  cent  of  the  total  value 
of  the  buffalo-fish  product  lepiesented  that  caught 
in  the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries.  The 
following  tabular  statement  ahowB  the  catch,  by 
geographic  diyisionB: 


Quantity. 

VUn. 

Per  cent 
distribu- 
tion. 

Amount. 

Pot  cent 
distribu- 
tion. 

l«,72l,Qn 

100 

M08,000 

100 

15,040,000 
1,683,000 

90 
10 

<., 

455,000 
43,000 

aoo 

91 
9 

0) 

l^eteen  states  reported  a  catdh  of  bn£Fa]o  fish. 
Statistics  concerning  the  product  of  the  leading  states 
aie  given  in  the  foUowii^  tabular  statonent: 


BCVFALO-nSB  FBOOUCT:  1908. 


STATE. 

Valm. 

Percent 

Percent 

Fwndi. 

distribu- 

Amount. 

dlstrlbu- 

te. 

tkm. 

16,729.000 

100 

$498,000 

100 

3,042.000 

18  1 

117,000 

23 

3,178,000 

19 

103,000 

21 

2,626,000 

16 

50,000 

10 

2,051,000 

12 

43,000 

9 

1,664,000 
003,000 

10 
S 

34,000 
30,000 

7 
6 

S,17S,fl8» 

U 

121,000 

24 

The  yield  in  1908  was  the  most  valuable  on  record, 
and,  although  smaller  in  quantity  than  those  of  some 
earlier  years,  it  was  larger  than  in  1903,  a  fact  which 
indicates  a  recovery  from  the  downward  moyemmt  of 
the  previoua  decade.  Smce  the  MissisBipin  River 
product  represented  91  per  cent  of  the  total  value  in 
1908  and  has  always  contributed  at  least  this  propor- 
tion, the  catch  of  buffalo  fish  from  that  division  affords 
a  good  basis  of  comparison  between  1908  and  previous 
years.  The  statistics  concerning  the  catch  of  buffalo 
fish  from  the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries  in 
1894,  1899,  1903,  and  1908  are  thnefore  given  in  the 
fidkming  tobnkr  atatiOMirt: 


TCAS. 

aim  Kvn  vtn- 

Quantity 
(pooDds). 

Value. 

15,040.000 
11,492.000 
14,216.000 
17,584,000 

8455,000 

312.000 
350,000 
419,000 

Ihiring  tiie  BDtin  period  for  ^riuch  statistics  are 
available  the  avwage  price  has  been  abirij  hot  ateadi^r 

increasing. 

The  following  tabular  statement  irives  the  quantity 
and  value  of  buffalo  fish  taken  by  the  different  kinds 
of  apparatus: 


SBa»  or  ilfABASIML 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Parawt 

n,m,m 

VJO 

$498,000 

m 

7,138,000 

48 

218,000 

u 

6,502.000 

30 

170,000 

n 

1.260.000 

8 

41,000 

s 

828.000 

5 

20,000 

• 

812,000 

i 

28,000 

• 

mm 

1 

7.400 

1 

Carp  (Oyprinus  carpio). — This  fi-sh,  kno\v'n  as  "'Ger- 
man carp,"  is  a  fresh-water  food  fish  of  great  interest 
to  fish-culturists,  and  is  found  in  ponds  and  stzeams  in 
neariy  every  state  of  the  union.  Aaaiesolftof  doaaea- 
tication  several  varietieB  hav«  arisen,  of  which  the 
principal  ones  are  the  "scale  carp,"  heavily  scaled; 
the  "mirror  carp,"  \nth  a  few  series  of  very  lai^e 
scales;  and  tlie  ''leather  carp,"  which  is  scaleless. 
The  size  of  the  carp  varies  ^^'ith  the  temperature  and 
clearness  of  the  water,  the  kind  of  bottom,  the  abun- 
dance and  nature  <^  the  food  supply,  and  in  general 
with  the  conditions  under  whidi  it  lives.  These  fish 
five  to  a  great  age,  and  sometimes  attain  a  weight  of 
more  than  40  pounds.  The  carp  naturally  thrives 
best  in  lakes,  ponds,  and  sluggish  streams,  seeking 
quiet  or  stagnant  waters.  It  spawns  about  June.  It 
feeds  laigely  on  v^taUe  matter,  insects  and  their 
larvae,  found  on  aquatic  vegetation,  forming  its  prin- 
cipal animal  food.  It  will,  however,  eat  practically 
anything  it  can  get  into  its  mouth,  rooting  about  in 
the  mud  much  in  the  same  way  as  a  pig;  and  it  also, 
at  times,  feeds  while  swimming  nesr  the  surface,  eating 
insects  and  their  larv»  and  oth«r  flMting  subetanoea. 
The  carp  is  said  to  eat  nnther  fidi  nor  thur  spawn, 
but,  on  the  other  hand,  young  carp  are  J^njed  upoft 
by  bass  and  other  predaceous  fishes. 

Certain  species  of  carp,  familiai'ly  known  as  min- 
nows, chubs,  shinecB,  and  dace,  abo  are  found  in 
the  fresh  wat»s  of  tiie  United  States,  but  the  Ger- 
man carp  {Cyprinus  carpio)  is  not  indigenous  to  this 
country.  Originally  a  native  of  Central  Asia,  the 
carp  was  gradually  introduced  into  Europe,  and  early 
in  the  tliirteenth  century  was  brought  into  Germanj', 
where  it  became  a  favorite  food  fish.  It  was  not 
introduced  into  the  United  States  vnth  a  view  to 
propagation  until  1877,  when  Mr.  Hassel,  of  the 
United  States  Fish  Commission,  brought  over  a  num- 
ber of  carp  from  Germany  for  the  purpose  of  experi- 
mentation. Prior  to  that  time  private  individuab 
had  In^ught  specimens  into  the  United  States  from 
Qennanj,  without  attracting  pnj  genetal  attention. 


mSBEfOSS  OF  TBM  llNnH>  WATER,  1906. 


In  the  fall  of  1879  a  systematic  distribution  of 
young  carp  was  b^un,  which  was  continued  up  to 
Dmaag  tinft  tOM  iMuly  eyerj  steto  m  tiM 
IM  to  eidtivsto  1Mb  firil,  and  tiM  attempt 

met  with  sueeeas  in  manj  stotes.  The  purpose  of 
the  Fish  Commission,  more  especially,  was  to  dis- 
tribute this  fish,  which  was  believed  to  be  a  good 
food  fish  and  which  was  hardy,  easily  and  cheaply 
raised,  and  of  great  fecundity,  in  secti<Mis  where  coor- 

to  the  growth  of  iih,  the 
A«t  natural  ponds  not  suitable  for 
'  fish  would  be  used  or  that  artificial  ponds  would 
be  constructed  for  its  propagation.  Although  origi- 
nally introduced  therefore  into  private  or  restricted 
streams  and  waters,  it  was  not  long  before  the  public 
watos  b^an  to  ho  stored— in  aom»  caees  aodden- 
ttMj,  hy  the  of  flomipg  of  a  oarppead  or  atwaai ,«id 
in  cdhv  CMOS  Unnmh  the  intentional  introduction  of 
ifeo  species,  as  in  certain  rivers  in  Illinois  and  Ohio. 

The  Grerman  carp  product  in  1908  amounted  to 
42,763.000  pounds,  valued  at  $1,135,000,  and  con- 
stituted 2  per  cent  of  the  total  quantity  and  of  the 
of  aU  fishery  {Mrodaets.  Off  38  states 
ykmm  of  a  i  niMWiiil  natmo  in  1906,  31 
German  carp.  The  fdkiwing  tabular  state- 
mmt  g^ves  the  statistics  of  the  carp  product,  by  states 
ranked  according  to  the  value  of  the  product,  together 
with  the  per  cent  distribution  of  both  the  quantity 
and  the  value  of  the  catch: 


Quantity. 


Vincinia. . 
MvTland 


21,642,000 
7,1»,000 
S,4B,00» 

xm,m 

i,m,m 

S,M7,6W 

406.000 

1,132,000 
304,000 

Tt^tn 

254,000 

237,000 
286.000 
167.000 
228.000 
110,000 
120,000 
427,000 
175,000 
71.000 
22.000 
38,000 
100,000 


Parwat 
dMrifao- 

ttai. 


MO 


V«lM. 


Amount. 


11,135,000 


(') 

8 

(') 
0) 
(') 


51 
17 
0 
5 
0 
ft 
1 
3 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 


574.000 
128,000 
00,000 
82,000 
55.000 
52.000 
31.000 
26.000 
19,000 
18,000 
16,000 
12.000 
8.200 
8,000 
7,100 
7,000 
0,700 
8,000 
4.300 
4.100 
2.200 
1.500 
1,200 
0,000 


tlon. 


MO 


51 
U 
7 
0 

5 
5 
3 
2 
2 
2 


(') 


•  Less  than  1  per  cent. 


Sootta  Dakota, 

of  whleh  ivao 
that  of  all  oOmt 


states  combined.  Ohio  ranked  second,  with  a  prod- 
uct of  7,158,000  poimds,  whOe  Ifichigan,  Ifissoiui, 
'Wwoauam,  lows,  and  Minnssota  ooeh  lefMirted  vwm 
IfiOOjOOO  poimds.  The  total  Qonnan-carp  product  of 

these  seven  states  amounted  to  nearly  20,000  tons, 
valued  at  $979,000,  and  represented  91  per  cent  of  the 
quantity  and  86  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  German- 
carp  product  of  the  United  States. 

The  dktribittkm  d  tiie  Qcnnan-carp  prodnet  in 
1908,  hf  fgnapB  of  atatos,  was  aa  loilowa: 


North  Central  states. . 
North  Atlantic  states. 
South  Central  i 
South  Atlantic  i 


Value. 


a,maoo 


30,818,000 
704,000 
924,000 
861,000 
467,000 


Percent 
dbtribu- 


100 


03 
2 
2 
2 
1 


$1,135,000 


1,017,000 
50,000 
33.000 
30,000 
4,000 


100 


90 
4 
S 

a 


Asoaily  as  1883  csrpwere  taken  in  the  waters  <tf  the 
liissisBippi  Biver  and  Hs  tributaries  and  in  the  Great 
Lakes,  but  they  were  not  handled  by  the  fish  dealers 

until  some  years  later  and  had  no  extensive  market 
until  about  1895.  In  the  report  of  the  United  States 
Fish  Commission  on  the  Great  Lakes  fisheries  for  1892, 
carp  is  not  mentioned  as  a  distinct  species  and,  if 
cai^t  and  sdid  conunordaUy  at  this  time^  was  {nob- 
ably  Inehided  und«  "Other  fish."  For  1893^, 
however,  the  Bureau  of  FUierim  reported  a  consider- 
able amount  of  this  fish,  and  succeeding  reports  show 
a  steadily  increasing  product,  as  the  following  com- 
parative summary  indicates: 


TBAB. 

mUJUM-CAMT 

iwmIoct. 

QaanUty 
(poomla). 

Vahie. 

42,763.000 
16,508,000 
15,643,000 
2,108,000 

11,135.000 
350.000 
342.000 
55,000 

Althoi^  <his  pfodnet  is  caught  to  some  extent 
throughout  the  year,  the  laigest  part  off  the  fidbingii 

done  in  the  spring  and  summer.  A  variety  of  appa- 
ratus is  used  in  taking  carp,  but  the  bulk  of  the  catch 
is  made  with  seines,  fyke  and  hoop  nets,  and  trammel 
nets.  The  statistics  of  the  catch  by  the  various  forms 
off  apparatus  are  given  in  the  foUowing  tabular 


PRODUCTS  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  FISHERIES  IN  DETAIL. 


51 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Percent 
distrlbo* 
tlon. 

Amount. 

Percent 
distribu- 
tion. 

IMri  

42,763,000 

100 

01,135,000 

100 

24,162,000 
10,067,000 
6,1M,000 
1,082,000 

1.224,000 
894,000 
100,000 

57 
24 
13 
2 
3 
2 

0) 

611,000 
286,000 
141,000 
SS,000 

28,000 
25,000 
8,«C0 

54 
25 
13 
S 

2 
2 
1 

Pound  neta,trM>Be(%  and  wifea.  

Oa^iAe*  (SUwridmy.—Tbib  American  species  indude 

the  sea  catfishes  of  the  Atlantic  coast,  the  channel  cats 
of  all  the  rivers  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  the 
homed  pout,  which  is  widely  distributed  through  the 
brooks  and  ponds  of  the  states,  and  the  diminutive 
mad-toms.  The  different  varieties  are  distinguished 
by  (he  common  names  off  "channd  cat/'  "Uue  cat," 
"Mississippi  cat,''  ''mod  cat/'  "flaunel-month/' 
"homed  pout,"  "bnllhead/'  "minister,"  "goujon," 
"bashaw,"  "gaflf-topsail,"  etc.  They  vary  in  length 
from  1  to  5  feet  and  in  weight  from  2  to  150  pounds, 
are  caught  by  means  of  nets,  traps,  hand  lines,  and  by 
jugging,  and  are  used  extensively  for  food. 

The  Tahie  d  the  catdi  in  1908  was  $785,000,  or 
move  than  1  per  cnt  of  the  total  value  off  the  fishery 
products.  Catfish  are  taken  in  all  waters  of  the 
United  States,  but  in  1908  nearly  one-half  of  the  total 
product  came  from  the  Mississippi  River  and  its  trib- 


utaries. In  these  waters  catfish  ranked  third  in  value 
among  fishery  products,  contributing  13  per  cent  of 
their,  total  value.  Of  the  38  states  included  in  the 
canyaas  off  1908,  all,  with  the  exoeptaon  of  ffoor  ct  the 
New  Kngjand  states,  verted  this  fiah.  The  eatehes 
reported  from  Louisiana  and  T1K««^«  greatly  exceeded 
those  from  any  of  the  other  states,  in  both  quantity 
and  value,  but  the  product  was  otherwise  distributed 
with  unusual  equality.  The  weight  and  value  of  the 
catfish  taken  in  the  leading  states  and  the  per  cent 
distribution  off  the  value  are  given  in  the  following 
tabular  statenunt: 


^  ... 

Pooidi. 

Ptrosnt 

dlstil- 
bation. 

Per  cent 
distri- 
bution. 

Illinois  

17,817,000 

100 

$785,000 

100 

4,405,000 
2,044,000 
1,069,000 
1,481,000 
1,166,000 
418.000 
895,000 
738,000 
5,008,060 

25 
11 
6 
8 
7 
2 
5 
4 

143,000 
06,000 
(6,000 
M,000 
51,000 
33.000 
33,000 
31,000 

m,m 

18 
12 
7 
7 
« 
4 
4 
4 
» 

Flortds  

AUMHralataii  

ifBdiidai  98  Stain. 


With  the  exception  off  the  period  1889-1894,  the 
product  in  1906  was  laiger  tfaim  that  ot  any  other 
year  for  whidi  statislies  are  available,  as  diown  by  the 
following  comparative  statmnent  giving  the  quaatity 
and  value  for  1 908  and  jj^revious 


c&mn  noBOR. 

liai 

Qnutlty 

(poonds). 

Value. 

Qnantitv 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantitv 
(pooBda). 

Value.  1 

Vahn. 

GuU  ot  Mexico  divirfon  

17,n7,O0O 

fm,ooo 

12,120,000 

ani,ooo 

14,Ni,0n 

ISM,  000 

22,673,000 

<7«7,O0O 

X, 073. 000 
3,984,000 
3,528,000 
1,270,000 
063,000 

395,000 
143,000 
132.000 
65,000 
50,000 

6. 192,000 
2,415,000 
2,838,000 
923,000 
752,000 

277,000 
73,000 
95.000 
27,000 
28,000 

7,648,000 

2,449,000 
2,047,000 
{  626,000 
2,183,000 

340,000 
58.000 
71,000 
16,000 
60,000 

14,727,000 

2,850.000 
3,166,000 

533.000 
60.000 
113,000 

'km 

The  value  of  the  product  of  the  Mississippi  River 
and  its  tributaries  constituted  more  than  50  per  cent 
of  the  value  of  the  total  catch  of  this  fish  in  1908,  and 
tite  product  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  ranked  next,  with 
a  value  equal  to  18  per  cent  of  the  total.  The  Atlantic 
coast  and  the  Pacific  coast  divisions  contributed, 
respectively,  17  per  cent  and  8  per  cent  of  the  total 
vidue,  while  the  catch  of  the  Great  Lakes  division 
represented  only  6  per  cent. 

The  following  tabular  statement  preoente  the  ata- 
tistics  of  the  oateh,  by  ih»  leading  t^paiatua  of  evp- 
ture; 


xnn>  or  AnAmktva. 

Quantity. 

ValM. 

Pounds. 

Per  cent 
dtotribu- 

1  Amount. 

I'er  cent 
diagibu- 

m 

100 

7,012,000 
4,445,000 

3,795,000 
1,505,000 
653,000 
163,000 
215,000 

m,m 

39 
25 
21 
8 
4 
1 
1 

o 

290,000 
219,000 
151,000 
69,000 
32,000 
12,000 
11,000 
1.100 

37 
28 
U 
• 
4 
1 
1 

(') 

FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


dtmu. — ^Tliis  tenn  taclndM  the  hard  clam,  quahaug, 
m  lovnd  dam  {Vemu  mertmana);  soft  or  long  clam 
{Mija  armaria);  razor  clam,  or  razor  fish  (Ensis 
americana);  surf,  sea,  or  hen  clam  (Sjpisula  ioLiiiasima); 
and  Tarious  other  species, 
dams  axe  biTahrv  midhnlBi  largely  used  for  food  and 
are  fwd  («m  afl  owr  coaala.  YaiioiiB  speeiea, 
of  which  are  edible,  are  knowA  as  *'soft  clam," 
"long  clam,"  "butterfish,"  "mananose,"  "namii- 
nose,"  "squirt  clam,"  "quahaug,"  "hard  clam," 
"surf  clam,"  "sea  clam,"  "hen  clam,"  "beach  clam," 
"dipper,"  "skimmer,"  "painted  clam,"  "cuneata 
clam,"  "round  clam,"  "Kttlenack  dam,"  "gapers," 
elHi^"  "nwr  dam/'  "fuor  firii," 
kBifia-haadlB,"  and  "IndlDow."  For  tiio  pmposes  of 
of  the  census,  howeror,  all  species  an  da—ifiad  aa 
oither  hard,  soft,  razor,  or  surf  clams. 

Tlie  clam  product  of  the  United  States  in  1908 
ranked  sixth  in  value,  amoimting  to  1,900,000  bushels, 
Tahiod  at  $1,917,000.  IVlifla  the  quantity  of  tiio  liard- 
Ml  THlrty  M  Bttb^oaadad  thai  of  tbe  aolt-didl^ 
tho  Tmhie  of  the  foimar  was  nearly  two  and  one-half 
times  that  of  the  latter.  The  statistics  of  the  clam 
product  reported,  by  class  of  product,  are  gLven  in  the 
following  tabular  statement: 


«< 


United  Stetes.. 


Hwd4 

Softclama... 
Razor  clams. 
Surf  etama... 


Virginia 


New  Jeney..... 

New  York  

Maine  

North  Carolina. 
Rhode  Island... 
Connecticut..... 

Maryland.  

Florida. 


CLAM  raoDOcr:  UOft. 


BtMheb. 


1,900,000 

978,000 

885,000 
26,000 
33,000 

246,000 
»4,000 
306,000 
188,000 
506,000 
91,000 
48,000 
17,000 
10,000 
10,000 


Per  cent 
distrlbu- 


Value. 


Amount. 


100 

"n 

46 
1 

2 

13 
18 
16 
10 
27 
6 
3 
1 
1 
2 
• 
1 


$1,917,000 


1,317,000 
653,000 
25,000 

21,000 

380,000^ 
378, 000^ 
336,000 
292,000 
251,000^ 
82,000 
77,000- 
26,000-4* 
16,000 
15,000 


Per  cent 
distribu- 


100 


69 
29 
1 
1 

20 

ao 

18 

15 
13 
4 
4 
1 
1 
1 

a 

1 


>  Includes  Delaware,  Georgia,  Louisiana,  and  South  CwoUiul 

Hard  clams  were  reported  from  all  the  Pacific  coast 
states,  from  Fkuida  and  Louisiana  on  the  Qulf  of 
Meadco,  and  from  all  the  Atlantic  coast  states  except 

Maine  and  New  Hampshire.  The  entire  soft-clam 
product,  with  the  exception  of  1  per  cent  of  the  total, 
taken  in  California  and  Oregon,  was  from  the  North  At- 
lantic coast,  none  being  reported  south  of  New  Jersey. 


CLAM  pboouct:  1908. 


TotiL 

Hwd  clan  Ml. 

Boltidsma. 

Rasor  ciama. 

Smf  dm. 

Value. 

Quantity 
(buabdB). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(bodieli). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(bushels). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(bushels). 

Value. 

«.M7,M» 

«76,00O 

91,317.000 

865,000 

SS53.000 

26,000 

025,000 

.^.'..OOO 

S21.000 

SM,«0 

188,  on 

SOTi.OOO 
91.000 
48,000 
17,000 

10,000 
30,000 
109,000 
16,000 

380,000 
378,000 
W,000 

sn,ooo 

251.000 
82,000 
77.000 
26,000 

16,000 
15,000 
46,000 
17,000  j 

246,000 
140,000 
273,000 
101,000 

380,000 
189,000 
318,000 
223,000 

192,000 
90,000 
60,000 

506,000 

186,000 
U,000 
M,000 

251,000 

2,400 

3,600 

13.000 
31,000 

7,000 

u,m 

SrttiL:::.:..:..........:  

North  l  arolina  

Rhode  Island  

Coooecticat....  

91,000 
20,000 
13,000 

10.000 
30,000 
36,000 
16,000 

82.000 
39.000 
20,000 

16.000 
15.000 
17,000 
17,000 

28,000 
4,200 

38,000 
5,500 

iSalr:^:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 

50,000 

7,aoo 

31,000 

a,eo6 

reported  from  Wadungton  and 
Massachusetts,  and  surf  chuns  from  Neir  York  and 
New  Jersey.  Tlie  statistics  of  the  clam  product,  by 
states  and  varieties,  are  given  in  the  above  tabular 
statement,  in  which  the  states  are  ranked  according 
to  the  value  of  their  catch. 
U  is  Bo4  pnsdbis  to  compare  the  statirtics  for  the 
wtth  those  for  pieivioua.  years, 
;  to  the  fact  that  at  the  earlier  canyassas  in  many 
no  distinction  of  varieties  was  made.  A 
iparison  of  the  figures  for  the  total  clam  product, 
iKmerer,  shows  a  sUght  decrease  in  quantity  since  1880, 
accompanied  by  an  increase  in  value.  The  statistics 
for  the  Taiious  canvasses  are  as  fdlows: 


• 

TKAB. 

CLAM  n 

Quantity 
(budwlt). 

M»O0I. 

ValM. 

1,900,000 
2,126,000 
3,368,000 
3,tM.00O 

St, 917,000 
1,820.000 
1,730,000 

The  entire  clam  product  was  taken  with  tongs^ 

dredges,  and  similar  apparatus. 

Cod  {Gadus  callarias). — The  cod  is  caught  most  ex- 
tensively along  the  coast  of  the  Middle  states,  New 
England,  and  British  America,  and  is  not  taktti  in  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  south  of  New  Jersey.  Itismostplei^ 


PRODUCTS  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  WWBSaSW  W  JMTASL. 


ful  on  the  Grand  Banks  and  off  the  coasts  of  New- 
foundland and  New  England.  The  weight  varies  from 
3  to  75  pounds.  The  Alaska  cod  ((?.  nuurocephalus)  is 
found  in  the  Pacific  Ocean  from  Bering  Sea  to  Oregon. 

Of  the  fishery  products  of  the  United  States  in  1908, 
cod  ranked  third  in  value,  the  total  product  amounting 
to  109,453,000  pounds,  valued  at  $2,903,000.  The 
Atlantic  coasjb  states  furnished  93  per  cent  of  this 
amount  and  the  Pacific  coast  states  the  remaining  7 
per  cent. 

In  the  statement  at  top  of  next  column  is  presented 
the  per  cent  distribution  by  states  of  the  quantity  and 
the  value  of  the  cod  product  in  1908. 

On  account  of  the  length  of  the  trips  made  by 
vessels  in  the  Pacific  coast  fisheries,  often  extending 
over  a  period  of  several  months,  the  fish  taken  are 
salted  on  the  vessels.  In  1908  the  Pacific  coast  catch 
was  7,946,000  pounds,  vahied  at  $218,000.  Masssr 
chusetts  and  Mbine  furnished  the  entire  amount  of 
4Mlted  cod  from  the  Atlantic  coast.  The  amount 
salted  in  these  tw»  states  is  decreasing  from  year  to 
year,  while  the  amount  marketed  in  a  fresh  condition 
is  increasing.  The  total  amount  of  salted  cod  wa3 
30,245,000  pounds,  valued  at  $950,000,  or  27  per  cent 
of  the  total  quantity  and  33  per  cmi  of  the  total 
value  of  the  United  States  cod  product. 


DIVISION,  STATE,  AND  CONDITIOH  OF  PSODCCT. 


Ualtad 


Atlantic  poast  division. 
Massachusetts  

FnOk  

Salted  

Maine  , 

Fresh  , 

Salted  

New  Jersey  

New  York  

Rhode  laiaod.  

Conneetleat  

New  Hampdiln.... 

Pennsylvanis  

Delaware  

Pacific  coast  division ». 
Washim^n. 


PER  CKHT  DnrrRIBC- 
nOV  OP  COD  PBOO- 

vcr.  1100. 


Quantity 
(paoadt). 


n 

00 

48 
18 
18 
M 

2 

3 
3 
1 
1 


Value. 


07 
45 
22 
U 
13 
» 
4 
S 
1 
1 


S 
4 
S 


Fresh  cod  firom  the  Atlantic  coast  fisheries  repre- 
sented 72  per  cent  of  the  total  quantity  and  67  per 
cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  catch.  Massachusetts 
and  Maine  together  furnished. over  four-fifths  of  the 

total  cod  product. 

The  comparative  statistics  of  the  cod  product  for 
1888,  1902-1904,  and  1908  are  given  in  the  following 
tabular  statement: 


CONDITION  OP  PmODUCT  AND 

OOO  PMWVCT. 

1M8 

IMS-MM 

UBB 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Valoftl 

QonUty. 

Vataa. 

Founds. 

Per  cent 

Amount. 

Per  cent 
distribo- 
ttoo. 

Pounds. 

Per  cent 
distribu- 
tion. 

Amount. 

Percent 
diatrtbo- 

Founds. 

Per  cent 
diatribu- 

Amount. 

Per  cent 
duUibO' 

110,054,000 

100 

$2,914,000 

100 

98,383,000 

100 

S2, 490, 000 

lit,  00.000 

100 

03,100.000 

100 

riwh>  

adted  

▲ttaatieeeeet.  

79,808,000 

30,245,000 
22,209,000 
7,001^010 

73 

27 
20 
7 

1,964,000 

950,000 
732,000 

ai»iOO 

67 

33 
25 

• 

55,338,000 

43,045,000 
35,350,000 

56 

44 
M 
• 

i,m,ooo 

i.isr.ooo 

963,000 
1M.O0O 

S4 

46 
39 

• 

19, 017,000 

81,028,000 
80,788,000 

mm 

30 

68 
68 

m 

801,000 

2,225,000 
2,214,000 

u«ooo 

m 

72 
71 

I  An  limn  tbe  AflantioeoMt. 

A  comparison  of  the  totals  for  1908  with  thc:;8  for 
1902-1904  shows  that  there  has  been  an  increase,  but 
that  the  yield  reported  at  the  last  canvass  was  not 
equal  to  tiiat  of  1888.  l^ire  was  a  heavy  increase  m 
the  amount  brought  into  marlcet  fresh  and  a  corre- 
sponding decrease  in  the  amount  salted.  The  figures 
for  Washington  show  an  increase  since  the  last  canvass 
and  those  for  Cahfomia  a  decrease,  while  the  result 
was  an  increase  for  the  Pacific  coast  division  as  a 
whole.  The  cod  taken  by  the  Connecticut  and  Dela- 
ware &heries  f<Nnned  hut  a  snudl  fraction  the  total, 
hut  the  vahw  d  the  catch  in  the  f<Hrm«r  state  in  1908 


1  pCPMBt. 

was  nearly  four  times  as  great  as  that  in  1902,  and  in 
the  latter  the  quantity  caught  was  nearly  nine  times 
as  great  as  in  1904.  New  Josey,  New  YmA,  and 
Rhode  Island  more  than  donUed  thnr  catch.  New 
Hampshire  and  Maryland  were  the  only  states  on  the 
Atlantic  coast  showing  a  decrease.  The  distribution 
of  the  cod  taken  in  1888,  1902-1904,  and  1908  isgireil 
in  the  next  tabular  statement : 

As  the  cod  habitually  feeds  on  the  bottom,  prao- 
tically^  the  entire  catch  was  taken  with  trawls  and  hand 
lines,  though  a  few  were  taken  in  poond  nets,  gill  nets, 
and  other  trawhi. 


Si 


flSHBRIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  IMS. 


Sritad  

New  Jersey...^. 

New  York  

Rhode  I-aand  

Connect  ic!jt  

Hgm  Hampshire. 


MarTtand. 
Ihtiflc  coast  div 
Wi 


IMS 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


110,054,000 


102,108,000 
72,819.000 
53,148,000 
19,671.000 
20,013,000 
17,385,000 
2,628,000 
3,767,000 
2,999,000 
1,497,000 
820,000 
135,000 

■a: 


7.Mi^tli 


Value. 


$2,914,000 


2,606,000 
1,965,000 
1,311,000 
644,000 
439,000 
351,000 
88,000 
130.000 
99,000 
42,000 
27,000 
3,900 
800 
400 


08,000 

ni,ooo 

M,000 


ISM 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


98,383,000 


90,688,000 
69,521,000 
40,659,000 
28,862,000 
17,390,000 
10,903,000 
6,488,000 
1,282,000 
1,170,000 
690,000 
211,000 
442,000 


800 
300 
7,605,000 
2,072,000 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


82,490,000 


2,296,000 
1,773,000 
976,000 
797,000 
377,000 
210,000 
167,000 
54,000 
53,000 
21,000 
7,100 
12,000 


119,545,000 


119,305,000 
87,797,000 
23,427,000 
64,370,000 
23,833,000 
7,414,000 
16,419,000 
727,000 
3, 195,000 
306,000 
2,001,000 
1,426,000 


194,000 
^000  ^ 


239,000 
2»,000 


Vt 


83, 109,  on 


3.099,000 
2,278,000 
516,000 
1.762,000 
697,000 
145,000 
452,000 
15,000 
104,000 
9,700 
65,000 
29,000 


11,000 
11,000 


««1 


Crabs. — CYabs  are  decapod  crustaceans,  found 
mk>ng  all  the  coasts  of  the  United  States.  The  differ- 
«i  Bpodm  vary  mnA  in  mm,  habit,  and  me,  and  are 
bj  tiM  adieeliTVB  "htm,"  "fiddler/' 
hermit,"  "jonah,"  "kelp,"  "lady," 
"mud,"  "oyster,"  "red,"  "rock,"  "sand,"  "sea," 
"soldier,"  "spider,"  "stone,"  etc.  The  common 
edible  crab  has  names  applied  by  the  catchers,  de- 
scribing the  different  conditions  of  the  shell.  While 
■hedding  they  an  koowii  m  "comer,"  "baiter," 
•*p  nd  "ihtddg;"  irfule  growing  a  neir  AiOL, 
m  "soft-Aai,"  "paper-sheU,"  and  "buckler." 

Crabs  are  used  for  food,  bait,  and  fertiUzer.  Bang 
crabs  are  sold  for  the  latter  purpose  and  the  product 
is  known  as  "cancerine." 

Although  for  the  purposes  of  this  report  crabs  are 
aiMid  iiio  mfy  *f  tUmm,  a  Mmbcr  ol  mieties 
taioni,  naoat  of  iHuch  are  indoded  udv  "liard 
"aoll  cfaiia."  The  moat  in^ortant  spades 


AM     CM  pmuKt  m  wKm  oitiuub  ww  nina. 

included  under  these  heads  are  the  blue  crab  of  the 
Atlantic  coast  and  the  Pacific  coast  crabs.  The 
terms  "hard"  and  "aelt"  are  ajfpfied  to  cnba  to 
designate  tlia  eon^tkm  of  tlio  ahidl  raHier  than  to 
differentiate  species.  The  common  blue  crab  of  the 
Atlantic  coast  sheds  its  shell  several  times  annually, 
and  since  commercially  only  two  stages  are  recognized, 
it  may  be  classed  as  either  "hard"  or  "soft."  No 
soft  crabs  were  reported  from  the  Pacific  coast.  In 
addition  to  the  httd  and  soft  Tarietiea,.  thoae  shown 
separately  bwa  are  the  "king  etab,"  "apidflr  erab," 
and  "stone  crab." 

The  crab  product  in  1908,  comprising  hard,  soft, 
king,  spider,  and  stone  crabs,  aggregated  60,626,000 
pounds,  and  had  a  value  of  $938,000.  The  following 
tabular  statement  shows  the  distribution  of  the  quan- 
tity and  the  Tafaie  of  the  hard  and  aoft  crab  product, 
as  nported  for  190&,  for  gnwpB  of  atatea: 


TMaL 

Softcniik 

Quantity. 

Vaaie. 

• 

Qnaotitv 

Percent 

distribu- 
tion. 

Amount. 

ll»<MBt 

disirlbu- 

tion. 

a3,»t3,000 

100 

803,000 

100 

42,013,000 

8608,000 

10,801,000 

46,602.000 
4,061,000 
1,197,000 
765,000 

268,000 

88 
8 
2 
1 
1 

679,000 
127,000 
55,000 
46,000 
5,400 

74 
14 
6 
5 
1 

36,705,000 
4,061,000 
1,071,000 
488,000 

266,000 

380,000 
127,000 
39,000 
12.000 

5,300 

9,897,000 
126,000 

3M,aM 

27,000 

277,000 

1,800 

33,000 
200 

The  statistics  of  the  crab  product  for  1908,  by  states 
and  varieties,  are  given  in  the  next  table. 

The  Yiiginia  fisheries  supplied  more  than  one-half 
.flf  tta  total  quantity  of  hard  craba  and  the  Maryland 
firiioies  eoMiderably  more  than  one-fourth.   In  the 
Ymgm^  tmd  Mnrjlmad  afun  took 


the  lead,  but  the  order  is  reversed,  Maryland  reporting 
three-fourths  of  the  total  weight  and  Virginia  one- 
fifth.  No  soft  crabs  whatever  were  reported  from  the 
Paci6c  eoaat  etatea.  The  combined  weight  of  hard  and 
soft  eraba  waa  52,913,000  pounds  and  the  combined 
1012,1000.  When  the  two  Taiiatiea  aia  thai 


FBO0UCTS  OF         PRINOIPAIi  WWmBlE&  IN  DETAIL. 


considered  together,  the  products  of  Virginia  and 
liiaryland  are  very  nearly  equal  in  vahie,  that  of  the 
Viiginia  product  being  9326,000  and  that  of  ^  Maxy- 
kad  pcodMet  0319,^.  Ihflae  two  atatea  together 


contributed  71  per  cent  and  the  Middle  Athuitic 
states,  as  a  group,  74  per  cent  of  the  total  yalne  of  the 
hard  and  aoft  eimb  piodnet. 


California  

Washington  

Nortli  Carolina. 


New  Jersey. 
Louisiana. . 


Georgia... 
Or^n... 
Florida... 
Alabama. 


Texas  

Rhode  Island... 
Massachusetts.. 
South  Carolina. 


CBAB  IBODVCT:  1908. 


TotiL 


QMDtity. 


i,000 


25,063,000 
20,373,000 

1,702,000 
2,179,000 
390,000 

*  4, 952, 000 
322,000 
426,000 

196,000 
200,000 
•311,000 
246,000 

200,000 
146,000 
122,000 
33,000 


Per  cent 
distribu- 
tion. 


41 
34 
3 
4 
1 

8 
1 
1 
6 
1 


(») 

(•) 
(») 
(') 
(») 


Vaiiw. 


Per  cat 
dlstribu- 


18038.000 

326,000 
319,000 
69,000 
51,000 
34,000 

134,000 
20,000 
15,000 

•1^008 
«  8,888 

7,500 
6,900 
•8^ 
8,188 

5.000 
2.900 
2.600 
900 


100 

"86 
34 

7 
5 
4 

4 
8 
3 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
1 


Quantity 
(pooDds). 


42.612,000 


23,001,000 
12,786,000 
1,702,000 
2,179,000 
113,000 

282,000 
244,000 
380,000 
87,000 


(') 


196,000 
200,000 
148,800 
3«,000 

199,000 
146.000 
121.000 
33.000 


Value. 


8553,000 


230,000 
124,000 

69,000 
51,000 
1,100 

9,100 
7,800 
9,800 
800 

7,m 

7,.S00 
6,900 
8,000 
8,100 

4,800 
2,900 
2.400 
900 


10,301,000 


3,8K,888 

7,887.088 


277,000 

68,000 
78,000 
47.000 
148,888 
^888 


1,800 


Vattw. 


188,1 


33,000 

6,200 
21,000 
6,008 

iS 


200 


>  Includes  7,643,000  pounds  of  king  crabs,  valued  at  823,000;  62,000  pooads  of  ftooe  crabs,  valoed  at  13,700;  and  7,200  pounds  of  spider  crabs. 

   "■ "  ■    *  Less  than  1  per  cent. 

*  IncliMfan  02,000  pounds  of  stone  crabs,  valued  at  83,700. 


*  Includes  4,607,000  pounds  of  king  crabs,  valued  at  818,000. 

•  Inolades  ^l^*""  po<m<toirfldngCTab8t  valued  at  84,800. 


•  The  statistics  of  the  hard  and  soft  crab  product,  for 
the  years  for  which  returns  are  availaUe,  aia  pwm  in 
the  following  tabular  statement: 


United  states: 

1908  

1902-1905.. 
1889-1892.. 
1880  


52,913.000 
40.218,000 
16,004,000 
7,711,000 


1006 

1906  

1808  

1880  

1880 

Ifiddle  AtUmtio 
states: 

1906 

1904 •■••••••«••• 

1897  

1891  

1880 

Sooth  AVuiiVlo 
stMes: 

1908  

1902  

1891  

1880  

OnUof  Mexico  states: 

noB  

1008  

1807  

1800  

1880  

Pacific  cowl 

1906  

MM  

189S  ■  •  •  « 4 

1892  

1880  


HABO  AND  son  CKAS 


TotaL 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


1912,000 
906,000 
566,000 
338,000 


266,000 
80,000 
13.000 
13,000 
(») 


46,002,000 
31,975.000 
17,226,000 
11,635,000 
7,026,000 


786,000 
886,000 

193,000 
60,000 

1.197,000 
1,697,000 

1.780,000 
1,219,000 
324,000 

4.081,000 
6.080,000 
4,062,000 
2,752.000 
2,945,000 
300.(100 


Value. 


6,400 
2,300 
2,200 
1,400 
(') 


679,000 
675.000 
337,000 
426,000 
313,000 


46,000 
19,000 
4,200 
1,300 

55,000 
28,000 

22,000 
26.000 
8,100 

127,000 
182,000 
100,000 

67,000 
107,000 

16,000 


HMdanta. 


42,612,000 
32,061,000 
9,770,000 
(») 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


8553,000 
578,000 
1213,000 
(') 


266,000 
73,000 
7,900 
(') 
(') 


36,705,000 
24,057,000 
11,523,000 
5,761,000 
(•) 


488.000 
185,000 

(•) 

1,071,000 
1,666,000 
1,769,000 
1,074,000 
(•) 

4,081,000 
6,060,000 
4,062,000 
2,752.000 
2,945,000 
800,000 


Value. 


5.300 
1,100 
600 
(') 
(») 


380,000 
366,000 
85.000 
87,000 
(•) 


12,000 
4,400 

29,000 
25,000 
21,000 
19,000 
(') 

127.000 
182,000 
100,000 

67.000 
107,000 

16,000 


Softonta. 


Quantitv 
(pounds). 


10.301,000 
8,156,000 
6,029,000 
(«) 


$359,000 
328,000 
1346,000 
(») 


1,800 

6,600 

5,000 

(») 

(») 


9.897.000 
7.919,000 
5,703,000 
5,884,000 
(') 


277,000 
200,000 

(•) 

126,000 
31,000 
21,000 

144,000 
(•) 


Value. 


200 
1,200 
1.700 
(') 
(') 


298.000 
309,000 
252.000 
339.000 
{•) 


33,000 
15,000 

(') 

27,000 
2.900 
1.700 
7,300 
(») 


•MM 


ttwHmr 


Atlantic  states, 
separately. 


The  crab  fisheries  show  a  great  increase  in  pro- 
ductivity. As  compared  with  the  product  of  hard  and 
soft  crabs  in  1908,  amounting  to  52,913,000  pounds, 
valued  at  $912,000,  the  fifj^ires  for  1880  are  small,  the 
product  being  only  7,711 ,000  pounds,  valued  at  $338,000. 
Vifj^nia  and  Maryland  are  the  states  reporting  the 
laij^  quantitiea  m  1880,  as  well  aa  in  1908,  bat  New 
York  and  Xew  Jersey  followed  cloaely,  and  the  value 
of  New  Jersey's  product  in  1880  was  greater  than  that 
of  all  the  remaining  states  of  the  Atlantic  seaboard 
and  the  Gulf  combined.  No  figures  covering  the  whole 
United  States  are  available  for  any  single  year  of  the 
intttnroiing  period,  but  the  composite  figures  diow 
the  increase  to  be  genecaL  The  incieaae  in  yahia 
shows  greater  fluctuatbna  than  the  incieaae  in  the 
quantity  of  the  product. 

The  king  crab  or  horseshoe  crab  is  used  for  bait  and 
hog  feed,  but  most  extensively  for  fertilizer  puqioses. 
The  following  tubular  statement  shows  the  product  for 
certain  specified  years: 


TXAX. 

• 

KnOOtAB  PBODOCT. 

Quantity 

(pounds). 

7,643.000 
2,303,000 
3,630,000 

823.000 
8.900 
8.200 

*- 

1904  

All  king  crabs  reported  were  taken  from  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  along  the  Middle  Atlantic  states,  two-thirds  of 
the  quantity  coming  from  New  Jeiaey. 


OF  IBS  xmrrsD  otates,  im. 


The  most  common  method  of  taking  hard  crabs  is 
with  meat-baited  lines,  hand  or  set,  and  a  dip  net  in 
the  cnb  m  cmh^  iHmb  hnled  to  the  Miiiiee. 
of  the  aoA-etab  eoteh  k  taken  with 
SjDg  crabs  were  formerly  all  caught  by 
hand  or  with  forks  on  the  beach,  but  the  greet  bulk 
are  now  taken  in  pound  nets. 

Flounders  (Phuronedidx). — The  family  of  flounders 
ie  composed  of  the  turbots,  the  halibuts,  the  plaices,  and 
probably  the  aolee.  Since  the  haffibate  are  cQoeidered 
aeparataly  they  are  not  here  mdaded  under  flounders. 

The  name  flounder  is  variously  applied  to  the  flat 
fishes  found  on  all  the  coasts  of  the  United  States, 
and  known  as  "American  sole,"  "bastard  hahbut," 
"Monterey  hahbut,"  "winter  floimder,"  "starry 
flounder,  '  "rough  limanda,"  "diamond  flounder," 

dab/'  "rou^  dab/'  "QreciH 
"pole  flounder,"  "en%  flounder/' 
l|»otted  aand  flounder/'  etc.  They  vary  in  size 
and  shape,  and  are  sold  for  both  food  and  bait.  The 
catch  is  taken  in  weirs,  nets,  beam  trawls,  and  seines, 
and  with  hand  lines  and  gaffs. 

The  catch  of  flounders  in  1908  wae  Tahwd  at 
WtnjMf  9md  imiwwBnted  a  little  ufir  1  per  cent  of 
Ikib  total  fiaheiy  product.  It  wae  derived  bom  the 
firiberiee  off  21  states,  including  every  coast  state  except 
New  Hampshire.  Massachusetts,  California,  and  New 
York,  however,  reported  79  per  cent  of  the  weight 
and  73  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  total,  and  this, 
with  the  product  of  Rhode  Island,  New 
,  and  OoHMeiaent,  repieaents  93  per  cent  ci  the 
_  it  and  90  pw  cent  off  the  total  rahie.  The 
statistics  of  fiodnet  for  the 
follows: 


n 


nooMDCB  rmoDTOT:  UN». 


Value. 


Per  cent  i 

Per  cent 

dtatribu- 

dirtribu- 

1  Amount. 

23,3«,000 

lOD 

»88,000 

100 

7,m,om 

31 

146,000 

25 

6.681.000 

29 

144.000 

24 

4.629.000 

20 

141,000 

24 

1,891.000 

8 

50,000 

9 

650.000 

3 

25,000 

4 

707,000 

3 

21.000 

4 

1.664.000 

7 

60.000 

10 

Comparative  figures  of  the  product  of  flounders,  so  far 
aa  available,  are  given  in  the  following  tabular  state- 
MML  a  wiaitwi  inemne  appean  m  both  the  quan- 
tum asd  tfto  'iriitti  af  Aa  oateh  In 


(poqnds). 

• 

ValiK. 

23.346,000 
14.212.000 
12,012.000 
10,365,000 
5,167,000 

1588,009 

377.000 

2d7.000 
Zi7.000 
150,000 

1889-1892  

1888"  

Flounders  were  caught  with  a  variety  of  apparatus 
of  capture,  and  the  quantity  and  Table  off  tibie  catdi 
taken  with  the  different  kinds  4^  ai^aratua  an  gifwi 
in      loQowIng  talxdar  ■tatement: 


QuHrtity. 

VtlOB.  ' 

Per  cent 
dlBtribu- 
tkn. 

Amount. 

Per  cent 
distribu- 
tion. 

Poand  nets,  Ui|i  IMIH,  id  iwilw.  — 

IflO 

SM8,000 

Mi 

4.369.000 
4.017.000 
3.709,000 
2.9.')5,000 
3,638,000 
l,fW>.000 
1.  (MS.  000 
820.000 
ISo.OOO 
20,000 

19 
17 
16 
13 
16 
9 
7 
4 
1 

138,000 
91,000 
89,000 
75,000 
68,000 
64,000 
43,000 
20,000 
8,800 
400 

23 
IS 
IS 
13 
13 
• 
T 
8 
1 

Haddodc  {Melanogrammus  seglifiniLs). — The  haddock 
is  a  food  flah  found  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean  north  ci  the 
Delaware  ciqpee;  it  is  called  "didde"  in  some  locatitiea. 
The  average  weight  is  from  4  to  6  pounds.  It  is  exten- 
sively used  as  a  fresh  food  fish,  and  is  also  salted, 
pickled,  and  dried.  When  slack-salted  and  smoked  it 
is  sold  under  the  name  of  "haddie." 

The  catch  in  1908,  valued  at  SI, 308,000,  represented 
2  per  cent  d  the  total  Talue  of  the  fisheiy  producta 
of  the  United  States  and  4  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the 
food  fish.  In  the  product  from  the  Atlantic  coast  this 
fish  ranked  seventh  with  respect  to  value,  and  repre- 
sented 4  per  cent  of  the  total  value.  The  catch  was 
sold  fresh,  with  the  exception  of  1,042,000  pounds, 
valued  at  $22,000,  which  were  salted.  The  fint 
tabular  statement  following  gives  the  statistice  off  the 
weight  and  value  of  the  haddock  catch,  by  states. 

The  value  of  the  catch  of  haddock  in  1908  exceeded 
that  of  any  year  for  which  statistics  are  available,  but 
the  quantity  was  less  than  in  1904-5.  Comparative 
figures  are  given  in  the  second  tabular  statement 
{^lowing  for  1906  and  eailier  yean. 


FRODIKTIB  OF  Tm  FBOK^AL  WIB 


MtBOOOL  nuMWt:  ItM. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Fereeat  i 

Amount. 

Percent 
distribu- 
tion. 

UaMtdSMM  

60,987,000 

100 

SI. 308,000 

100 

48.492,000 
10,513,000 
424,000 
415.000 

100.000 
24.000 
20,000 

81 
18 

1  ' 

1  ; 

0) 
(') 
(») 

1,038,000 
243,000 

12.000 
11.000 
2.700 
900 
COO 

79 
M 

1 
1 

(') 
0) 
(') 

iLmtlMaiperoMrt. 

HADDOCK  1 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

FBODUCT. 

Valoe. 

flB,987,000 
77,065.000 
45,007.000 
41,639,000 
41,887,000 

$1,308,000 
1,259.000 
584,000 
743,000 
802,000 

The  catch  was  practically  all  taken  with  lines,  only 
about  2  per  cent  being  taken  with  seines  and  1  per 
cent  with  pound  nets,  trap  nets,  and  gill  nets. 

Hake  ( Vroph^eU). — The  species  included  und«r  this 
head  are  not  true  hakes,  but  comprise  different  varie- 
ties of  food  fish  found  off  the  Atlantic  coast  from  New- 
foundland to  Cape  Hatteras,  which  are  variously 
known  as  "old  English  hake,"  "squirrel  hake," 
"wliite  hake,"  "ling,"  "king  hake,"  "codling,"  etc. 
They  are  often  prepared  under  the  trade  name  of 
"boneless  fidi."  The  average  length  is  from  1|  to  2 
feet  and  the  average  weight  from  3  to  8  pounds. 

The  value  of  the  hake  catch  in  1908  was  $464,000. 
All  the  product  reported  was  sold  fresh  except  525,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $8,900,  which  were  salted.  The 
hake  was  taken  only  in  the  fisheries  of  the  North  At- 
lantic states,  and  practically  the  entire  product  was 
from  Massachusetts  and  Maine,  as  shown  in  the  fol- 
lowing tabular  statement: 


KAS£  prodvct:  lOOS. 

n  iti 

Valm. 

FtaDds. 

Per  cent 
distribu- 
tion. 

AmooBlt 

Percent 
dMribn- 
ttao. 

UiriM  

84,840,000 

100 

8484,000 

100 

16,706,000 
17,^,000 

49 

51 
1 

294,000 
168,000 
2,700 



63 
36 
1 

» iMlBilM  Kwr  Iwy.  Nwr  Ywfc,  Hwr  HwpWw.  OwnMNImif ,  mi  Bfctdi 


Except  for  the  greater  proximity  of  the  Massachu- 
setts fidieries  to  the  markets,  no  reason  is  apparent 


m  DirrAiL.  m 

for  the  fact  that  the  average  value  of  the  Massachu- 
setts catch  was  so  much  greater  than  that  of  the 
Maine  carfwh. 

That  the  value  off  the  hake  pradnet  has  increased 

substantially  during  recent  years  is  indicated  by  the 
following  tabular  statement.  <;iving  statistics  for 
years  for  which  returns  are  available: 


-mm. 

MAKE  rBODOCC  ■ 

Quantitar 
Cpoonds). 

Vafan. 

34.340,000 

35.929,000 
37.278.000 
14,816,000 
80,657,000 

Durins:  tlie  earlier  vears  for  which  statistics  are 
given,  large  quantities  were  salted;  in  1898  several 
miUion  pounds  were  salted,  but  in  1908  practically 
the  entire  product  was  sold  tieah. 

The  catdi  was  taken.  |windpally  with  lines,  the 
capture  with  other  apparatus  not  aToaeding  2  per  cent 
of  the  total. 

Hake  sounds  used  in  the  manufacture  of  isinglass 
have  been  included  in  the  statistics  of  sounds,  which 
are  given  on  page  43. 

HcMbut  {Hippoglossus  Jiippoglosmu). — The  halibut, 
the  largest  and  most  valuable  of  the  flat  fishes,  is 
found  in  the  North  Atlantic  and  Facl&c  Oceans.  It 
is  one  of  the  largest  species  used  for  food,  sometimes 
weighing  over  300  pounds,  but  the  average  weight  is 
from  50  to  75  pounds.  There  are  three  grades  of 
hahbut.  The  "white,"  which  has  its  underside 
immaculate,  b  consndored  beet  and  brings  the  hig^iest 
price;  tiie  "gray"  is  Uotcfaed  <m  the  undmde,  and 
sells  for  a  third  less;  the  "sour"  is  tainted,  and  brings 
only  about  one-fourth  as  much  as  the  "white."  Small 
young  fish,  weighing  from  10  to  20  pounds,  are  called 
"chickens,"  and  are  much  sought  after  by  epicures. 
Hahbut  are  sold  fresh  and  are  also  cured  and  smoked, 
while  tiis  napes  are  jj^MsUed.  An  oil  used  f<Hr  currying 
purposes  is  made  from  the  head,  and  the  residue  b 
used  as  a  fertilizer  under  the  name  of  "dium." 

Halibut  was  the  eighth  in  value  among  all  the 
fishery  products  and  the  fifth  among  fish  proper. 
In  1908  its  value,  $1,562,000,  formed  3  per  cent  of 
that  reported  for  the  entire  lisheiy  product  and  5  per 
oaat  of  that  for  fish  proper.  In  the  Padfie  coast 
diviai<m,  hum  whidi  about  sixHaeven^  off  the  eatdi 
was  taken,  it  ranked  next  after  salmon,  and  com- 
prised 18  per  cent  of  the  fishery  product.  Nearly  all 
of  the  catch  of  the  Pacific  coast  states  came  from  the 
fisheries  of  Washington.  The  value  per  pound  was 
so  much  higher  on  the  Atlantic  seaboard,  that  the 
product  of  the  Atlantic  coast  states,  although  forming 


9ISRERIE8  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


mUty  about  one-eighth  of  the  total  halibut  catch  in 
quantity,  contributed  one-fifth  of  its  total  value. 
The  statistics  of  the  catch  reported  by  the  different 
states  are  as  follows: 


VakH. 

Fomids. 

Percent 
disMbti-| 

Amount. 

Per  cent 
distribu- 

vmti  amm.  

»«,441,O0O 

100  1 

tl,IMB,(Mn 

MO 

4,145,000 
200,000 
U.00O 

87 
12 

1,236,000 
310,000 
15,000 
700 

*" 

79 
20 

8  ' 

The  catch  in  1 908  was  nearly  twke  as  great  in  weight 
mmi.  Table  as  thai  ot  any  preHous  year.  The  moat 
wtM^  UmIiiiw  off  the  irtiitirtiiT  lor  1908,  as  com- 
paied  with  those  for  prior  canvasses,  are  the  decrease 
in  the  catch  of  the  New  England  fisheries  and  the 
increase  in  that  of  the  Pacific  coast  fisheries.  The 
following  tabular  statement  gives  the  quantity  and 
Talue  of  the  catch  for  the  varioiis  yean  for  lAieh. 


AMwi^coast 

P^|flc^ooa8t 

Value. 

QoantitT 
(poonds). 

Vataie. 

VsbM. 

18S»-»^-.. 

34.441.000 
15,807,000 
17.706.000 
11,391,000 

«1, 562, 000 
597.000 
762,000 
874,000 

nv»M9 

4,354,000 

3,716,000 
10,828,000 
j  9,288,000 

1326,000 
238,000 
570,000 
827,000 
095,000 

30,088,000 
12,001,000 
6,878,000 
2,103,000 
1,220,000 

11,236,000 
350,000 
193,000 
47,000 
32,000 

With  the  exception  of  656,000  pounds  of  salted 
halibut,  valued  at  $53,000,  all  the  output  m  1908  was 
sold  fresh.  All  the  salted  halibut  product  was  reported 
by  the  fiahcriea  of  Ma— <  iimirttn  In  preyions  years 
ikiger  qnMlitke  w&n  aaHod  in  the  Ma  wrhnwiHn 
8  ia  shown  by  the  followii^  tabular  statement 
fliii^tiw  statistics  for  cartaiayoaw  for  which  dfltailed 


Salted  halibut pkod- 
vct  of  ■amobxt- 

SETTS. 

656,000 
466,000 
1,176,000 
1.860,000 
l,3Kr,000 

$53,000 
19,000 
70,000 
60.000 
76,000 

With  the  exception  of  9,000  pounds,  valued  at  $900, 
taken  in  other  trawls,  the  entire  hahbut  catch  of  the 
country  was  made  with  lines. 

Herring  iClupM  ftar«i^).~TlM  hemng  k  »  fttf 
inqMirtaat  food  §A.  found  in  the  north  AUaatie  as  far 
south  as  Sandy  Hook;  it  is  never  found  in  brackish 
or  fresh  waters.  "  Sperling  "  and  "  brit "  denote  differ- 
ences in  the  age  of  the  fish.  Trade  names  are  "  Digby 
chicken,"  "hard  herring,"  "bloaters,"  etc.  Herring 
weigh  from  one-half  pound  to  one  pound,  and  average 
in  length  about  10  inehfls.  As  a  food  Hbey  tie 
1lssdfoefli^saHod,pidded,molud,andcanlled.  Hmj 
are  abo  used  extensively  for  hail  fa  th«  ood,  hMotk, 
halibut,  and  hake  fisheries. 

The  California  herring  is  an  allied  species  found 
along  the  entire  length  of  the  Pacific  coast.  The 
name  "herring"  is  also  applied  to  the  Gulf  menhaden 
on  the  Texas  coast  and  to  the  menhaden  in  sonthem 
floflida.  T1ieyelRMydiMlkodBed<<thi«iid  herring'' 
in  North  Carolina. 

The  herring  catch  in  1908  amounted  to  125,050,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $796,000.  Of  this  amount,  92  per 
cent  was  marketed  fresh,  and  the  balance,  8  per  cent, 
was  salted  or  smoked.  Maine  and  Massachusetts 
fishermen  captured  97  per  cent  of  the  total  quantity, 
vhicfa  representa  96  per  cent  of  the  total  yaiue.  All 
off  the  aiJted  product  was  reported  from  Maine  and 
Massachusetts,  and  all  of  the  smoked  product  from 
Maine.  The  statistics  of  the  herring  catch,  by  states 
ranked  in  the  order  of  the  value  of  their  products,  are 
given  in  the  following  tabular  statement: 


ooaMDON  or  pRODccT,  Hvam» 

AMD  STATE. 

HEBSOia  fboouct:  1906. 

qoMttty. 

Yiln. 

Percent 
UMaa. 

Amoini*. 

Percent 

125,080,000 

100 

S796,000 

100 

115,563,000 

92 
7 

P) 

658,000 

1:S 

83 
17 

•,X>,000 

m,m 

m,m,m 

97 

764,000 

90 

92,985,000 
89, 188,000 
3,563,000 
234,000 
28,501,000 
22,812,000 
5,690,000 
2,600 
214,000 

8,317,000 

74 

71 
3 

^'^23 
18 
5 

(') 
(') 

S 

420,000 
389,000 
28,000 
2,900 
342,000 
235,000 
107,000 
100 
1,900 

93,000 

S3 
49 
4 

(') 

43 
30 
IS 

4 

825,000 
15,000 

11,000 

aoo 
n,m 

1 

Less  than  1  per  cent. 


The  following  tabular  statement  shows  the  quantitjf 
aiid  vahie  of  the  h<^rrit^  catch  in  specified  years: 


FBODOGTs  m  am  mme^AL  wm 


m  DirrAiL. 


ValiM. 

125,080,000 
85,367,000 
66,668,000 
60,120,000 

1796,000 

712,000 
618,000 
420,000 

A  large  number  of  yeasels  engage  in  the  winter 
herring  fishery  off  the  west  coast  of  Newfoundland. 
The  greater  part  of  the  catch  was  taken  with  pound 
nets,  trap  nets,  and  weirs.  The  distribution  of  the 
product  by  apparatus  of  capture  was  as  follows: 


QiUBtity. 

ValiM. 

Fwinds. 

Paroant 
dlalribu- 

Xmoant. 

Ptreaot 

dittribu- 
ttoo. 

125,050,000 

100 

1796,000 

100 

Pound  nali,  tnv  Mti,  and  iraln. .. . 

72,808,000 
33,988,000 
11,302,000 
6,802,000 

58 
27 
9 
6 

336,000 
198,000 
218,000 
45,000 

42 
25 
V 
t 

Lake  herring  (Leudeki^ye), — The  ciscoes,  or  lake 
herrings,  are  members  of  the  whitefish  family  found 

in  the  Great  Lakes  and  neighboring  waters.  There 
are  various  species  popularly  known  as  herring,  with 
or  without  qualifying  names,  the  common  form 
(L.  artedi)  being  most  important. 


Lake  herring  has  alwaj'^s  been  the  leading  species 
from  the  Great  Lakes,  and  in  1908  the  value  of  the 
catch  was  $989,000,  or  26  per  eeak  of  tho  total  Tahw 
of  the  fiihirj  prodiicts  of  thk  diTMon.  Of  the  total 
value  of  the  United  States  product  it  contributed  2 
per  cent,  and  of  the  value  of  fish  proper  3  per  cent. 
Considerably  over  one-half  of  the  entire  catch  was 
made  in  Lake  Michigan,  where  this  fish  represented 
over  one-half  of  the  weight  and  one-third  of  the  value 
of  the  total  product. 

The  following  tafaoiar  statement  gtwm  the  tpuatity 
and  Tahie  of  th»  ea*di^  dirtrilMtod  hjiiiUQggRN^^ 


—  1 

Per  cent . 
distribu- 
tion. 

Perceot 
distribo* 
tioo. 

Lake  Huron  

Lake  Ontario  and  tributary  rivers. . 

41,118,000 

100  1 

1080.000 

M 

21.059,000 
10,600,000 
5,361,000 
4,064,000 
35,000 

51 
26 
13 
10 

(') 

• 

551,000 
286,000 
78,000 
72,000 
1,700 

 ,  ' 

« 
» 

S 

7 

Nearly  five-eig^iths  of  the  quantity  of  the  product 
was  reported  as  marketed  fresh,  the  remainder  being 
salted  or  smoked.  The  following  tabular  statement 
gives  the  statistics  of  the  catch  according  to  the  con- 
dition in  which  it  was  marketed,  the  states  being 
ranked  according  to  the  yahie  of  thmr  cat<&: 


Total.  > 

Fresh. 

Salted. 

QnaBltty. 

VidM. 

Vataa. 

▼alaa. 

PM^CMjt 

Ifkdilgan  

41,118,000 

100 

3989,000 

100 

25,242,000 

3730,000 

11,951.000 

S191.000 

12,124,000 
14,787,000 
4.792,000 

3,796,000 

2,044,000 
2,778,000 
698,000 

ttt,m 

29 
36 
12 
9 

5 
7 
1 

(») 

322,000 
304,000 
147,000 

90,000 

51,000 
38,000 
28,000 

t,m 

33 
31 
IS 
9 

5 
4 
3 
1 

7,046,000 
5,170,000 
4,780,000 

3,796,000 

2,044.000 
l,t)08,000 
506,000 

237,000 
149,000 
147,000 

90,000 

51,000 
21,000 
28,000 

1,157,000 
9,617,000 
12,000 

18,000 
156,000 

1,165,000 

pounds  of  smoked 
attsoo. 
1  percent. 


vaiaad  at  967,000,  dbtilbated  as  fDllowa:  Winoiisin,  3,921,000  pounds,  valued  at  967,000,  and 


Every  state  bordering  on  the  Great  Lakes  shared 
in  the  catch,  but  Wisconsin  and  Michigan  took  far 
greater  quantities  than  any  others,  the  Michigan 
catch  behig  the  largest  and  the  Wisconsin  catdi  of 
the  greatest  value.  The  higher  value  of  the  Wisconsin 
pradnct  was  due  to  the  fact  that  mora  than  one-half 


was  sold  fresh,  while  only  about  one-third  of  the 
Michigan  product  was  so  marketed.  The  bulk  of  the 
salted  herring  was  fnnn  Ifidiigan,  and  neariy  aU  the 
smoked  i»odnct  was  fnm  Wlsecmain. 

Comparative  figures  for  certain  years  ara  ipvm  m 
the  foltowiflg  tabular  statement: 


m  JlSaSESBIES  of  the  united  states,  1908. 


LAKE-HEBRINQ 
nODOCT. 

(poands). 

41,118.000 
32, 157.000 
59,914,000 
35,741,000 
63,661,000 
25.860.000 
16,966,000 

S989.000 

815,000 
941.000 
536.000 
717,000 

(•) 

(') 

at:::::::;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::- 

'KotrqMTtcd. 


Althoi^  the  Takie  of  the  product  was  greater  in 
190S  than  in  any  previous  year,  the  quantity  of  the 
catch  of  that  year  was  exceeded  in  1889  and  1899. 

Besides  the  herring  salted  and  smoked  by  the 
Umiiiimiii,  a  considerable  quantity  was  canned  by 
MtehfiiiaMHte  leeiied  mMj  in  Wisecmni  and 
lfirlij|,in  The  total  output  of  lake  hening  from 
neh  factories  in  1908  was  valued  at  $480,000,  and 
was  distributed  as  follows:  Smoked,  $426,000;  salted, 
$16,000:  pickled,  $4,600;  and  frozen,  $33,000. 

The  largest  part  of  the  catch,  73  per  cent,  was  made 
with  ffSk  nets,  27  per  cent  was  taken  with  pound  and 
tnip  Mte,  and  hm  than  1  per  cent  with  oiher  appa- 

KtUS. 

Lake  innU. — ^The  common  lake  trout  iCristivomer 
namar/rfish)  is  found  in  the  Great  Lakes  and  in  the 
smaller  lakes  of  the  Northern  states.  In  different 
localities  these  fish  vary  greatly  in  color,  size,  and 
shape,  and  an  known  by  the  fecal  names  "salmon 
tM^"  <*MUBaj««b,"  'Hogm,''  "tnkdi/'  "Ifaddnaw 
tn>ut,"  "lafcs  sshnon,"  "black  trout,"  "reef  trout," 
"longe,"  etc.  The  "siscowet"  (C.  siscowet)  is  another 
species  of  lake  tnNit.  it  is  found  principally  in  Lake 
Superior. 

The  lake  troutWMIcaught  only  in  the  Great  Lakes,  and 
Urn  ytSae  reported  for  this  qtecies  in  1906  was  $800,000, 
«r  21  par  esnt  ef  ths  total  yahie  of  the  jMredncts  ttom 
these  waters.  Of  the  total  value  of  the  United  States 
fishery  products  this  fish  contributed  somewhat  more 
than  1  per  cent,  and  of  that  of  fish  proper  nearly  3  per 
cent.  It  was  taken  by  the  fisheries  of  every  state 
bordering  the  Great  Lakes,  but  53  per  cent  of  the  total 
^nlns  of  the  prodnet  was  npotted  by  the  fiaheries  of 
MU%Bn  and  43  per  eoil  by  those  ^  IHsoonsm.  la 
both  Ifidqgsn  and  Wiscomain  lake  trout  ranked  first 
in  vahie  among  the  fishery  products,  contributing  29 
per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  catch  in  the  former 
state  and  32  per  cent  in  the  latter.  The  following 
tabular  statement  gives  the  statistics  of  the  catch,  by 


Qaaatity. 

Value. 

Poands. 

Percent 

Amoant. 

uiSiisium...  

nitiMte  

i2,oes«,ooo 

100 

1800,000 

100 

6.798.000 
4,710,000 
160,000 

a6,ooo 
n,vM 

57 
39 
1 
3 
1 

i*> 

424,000 
340,000 
13,000 
13,000 

53 
43 
2 
3 
1 

P) 

AlaOHr'Mai  

>  Includes  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  and  Ohio.      l  Less  than  1  per  cent. 


Next  to  lake  herring,  lake  trout  was  the  most  valu- 
able species  taken  in  the  Great  Lakes. 

Of  the  total  value  reported  for  this  species,  $546,000 
was  reported  from  Lske  Ifidiigan,  this  amount  con- 
stitothig  35  per  cent  of  the  total  Tains  of  ths  ptoioets 
of  this  lake,  and  being  exceeded  <mly  by  Ihs  Takis 
reported  for  the  lake-herring  product. 

The  distribution  of  the  quantity  and  value  of  the 
catch  by  fishing  grounds  was  as  follows : 


• 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Percent 
di^rtbtt-i 

Amount. 

Percent 
distribu- 
tkm. 

12,024,000 

100 

1800,000 

IflO 

7.892,000 
2,752.000 
1,359.000 
14,000 
«,M0 

66 
23 
11 

u  I 

546,000 
163,000 
89,000 
1.100 

68 
20 
U 

Comparatiye  figures  for  preyious  canyasses  ais 
given  in  the  kilkmiBg  tabular  statewmit; 


■WW 

PCI. 

▼ahn. 

12,024,000 
16,133,000 
10,613,000 
15,673,000 
11,202,000 
U,<B7,0Q0 

1800,000 
723,000 
431,000 
585,000 
453,000 

u 

'  Not  lepdf  ted. 


The  quantity  of  the  catch  in  1908  was  smaller  than 
that  reported  at  several  previous  canvasses,  but  its 
Talus  has  never  been  exceeded.  All  of  the  1906  prod- 


PRODUCTS  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  FIS! 


IN  IffiTTAIL. 


2 


net  was  sold  fresh  except  353,000  pounds,  valued  at 
$19,000,  which  were  salted. 

The  bulk  of  the  value  of  the  lake-trout  catch,  76 
per  cent,  represents  the  i^due  of  the  catch  made  with 
giH  nets;  14  per  c«it,  that  of  the  catch  with  fines;  10 
pw  cent«  that  of  the  catch  with  pound  and  trap  nets ; 
and  a  small  amoimt,  that  of  the  catch  with  fyke  and 
hoop  nets  and  seines.  The  follo\\'ing  tabular  state- 
ment gives  the  statistics  of  the  catch,  by  apparatus  of 
capture: 


Tetal  

GUlneta  

IJwff  

Fomid  neti,  trap  nets,  and  weirs. 
Fyke  and  koop  nets  


unMBOOT  fiMMNicr  im. 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Per  cent 
distribu- 
tiao. 

Amoant. 

Per  rent 
distri  bu- 
tton. 

12,024,000 

100 

1800,000 

100 

9,460,000 
1,495,000 
1,057,000 
10,000 
1,600 

79 
12 
9 

(■) 
{') 

610,000 
113,000 
77,000 
800 
100 

i 

76 
14 

10 

(■) 
(') 

<  Lcn  than  1  per  eent. 

Lobster  {Ilomarus  americanus) . — The  lobster,  a  deca- 
pod crustacean  of  great  economic  importance,  is  found 
on  the  Atlantic  coast  from  Delaware  to  Labrador. 
It  averages  about  11  inches  in  length  and  about  2 
poands  in  weight,  but  the  siae  varies  with  localities 
and  seasons.  It  is  cau^t  in  pots  snd  traps  especia^y 
constructed  for  the  purpose. 

The  value  of  the  lobster  product  in  1908,  $1,931,000, 
placed  it  first  among  all  crustaceans,  second  only  to 
the  oyster  among  marine  invertebrates,  and  fifth 
among  the  entire  fishery  products  oi  the  United  States. 
The  catch,  by  states,  is  given  in  the  foUowing  tabular 
statement.  It  will  be  noted  that  the  order  of  rank 
according  to  value  follows  more  or  less  closely  the 
geographical  order  from  north  to  south. 


LOBSTKB  raopucr:  1906. 


Maine.  

Maeeachneetts... 

Rhode  Island.... 

Connecticut  

New  York  

New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey  

Delaware  


Quaattty. 

Vataa. 

Percent 
OiStniM- 
ttoB. 

Amoant 

Percent 
distribu- 
tion. 

1  15,279,000 

100 

$1,931,000 

100 

9,929.000 
2,455,000 
1,425,000 

Ofil.OOO 
423, 000 

2M,om 

115,000 
1  5,500 

65 
16 
9 
4 

3 
2 

}  ' 

1,209,000 

307, 0(» 
152,000 
Si, OWL 
51, m 
43,000 

66 
16 
8 
4. 
3 
3 

>  • 

The  lobster  product  was  essentially  a  New  England 
product,  the  catdh  of  the  Middle  Atlantic  states  i<Mmr 
uig  less  than  4  per  eent  ol  Hie  total.  Hie  Maine  lob- 


ster catch  represented  nearly  40  per  cent  of  the  value 
of  all  fishery  products  of  that  state. 

In  the  following  cranparatire  statement  for  tbs 
New  England  states  snd  the  Ifiddle  Atlsatie  states, 
respectively,  statistics  are  given  of  the  qoaatity  and 
value  of  the  catch  for  those  years  covered  by  previous 
canvasses.  The  largest  product  shown  for  any  period 
is  that  of  over  tliirty  milhon  pounds  reported  in  1889- 
1891,  the  greater  part  of  wMch  came  from  the  New 
England  states.  By  comparing  tiie  returns  from  the 
New  En^and  states  for  1880  witii  those  for  1908  a 
decrease  of  26  per  cent  in  tiie  qusntity  of  the  catdi 
and  an  increase  of  292  per  eent  in  its  value  are  shown. 


New  England  states: 

1908  

1905  

1902  

1808  


1887  

Middle  Atlantic  sUtes: 

1908  

1904  

1901  

180T  

1801  


UMsm  noDVCt. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

« 

14,735.000 

11.. 524. 000 
14.756.000 

U.itiv2.im 

3().4.'ill,(»K) 

37.074,000 

11,857.000 

1.319,000 
1,337.000 
1.277.000 
Ml.  000 
732,000 

6«s,oeo 

374.000 
252.000 
4tt,000 

74,000 
46,000 
30,000 
40,008 
li,88t 

To  a  certain  extent  the  growth  of  the  lobster  fishery 
under  the  protection  of  restrictive  laws  is  directly 
connected  with  the  liistory  of  the  lobster-canning 
industry  of  Maine,  first  started  in  1842.  At  first 
the  lobsters  used  for  canning  varied  in  weight 
from  3  to  10  pounds,  but  gradually,  owing  to  tiie  high 
price  obtainable  tar  fredi  lofastors,  the  weight  fell  until 
lobsters  weighing  as  low  as  three-fourths  <rf  a  pound 
were  employed.  As  a  result  of  the  very  perceptible 
diminution  in  the  annual  product  caused  by  this 
destruction  of  the  young,  canneries  were  in  1879  pro- 
liibited  from  packing  lobsters  except  from  April  1  to 
August  1,  while  in  1883  it  was  made  iSkgd  to  can 
lofastera  less  than  9  inches  in  length.  Tbs  canning 
season  was  subsequently  shortened  by  law  until  in 
1891  it  was  limited  to  the  weeks  between  April  20  and 
June  1 .  The  last  blow  to  the  canning  business,  which 
had  been  rapidly  dechning,  was  given  in  1895,  when 
the  minimum  length  for  canning  was  fixed  at  10^ 
inches,  ^nce  this  legidatidn  was  passed  the  indiutiy 
has  disappeared  from  Maine.  As  eariy  as  1884  every 
state  interested  had  passed  laws  to  regulate  and  pro- 
tect the  lobster  fishery.  At  about  the  same  time 
artificial  ])ropagation  was  begun  by  the  I'nited  States 
Fish  Commission  in  an  endeavor  to  check  the  dimi- 
nution and  possibly  increase  the  supply;  but  so  far 
these  efforts  have  met  with  fittie  success.  In  no  state 
can  lobst^  shorto:  than  9  inches  now  be  taken, 
winle  in  all  the  rtates  the  destruction  of  the  female 


FimfiRIES  OF  me  XJHfTED  STATBB,  IMS. 


carrvinff  eggs  is  prohibited.  Not  only  are  the  fry  and 
larvae  artificially  hatched  and  hberated,  but  the  young 
lobstwB  are  protected  through  the  fourth  or  fifth 

I  afBiiMft  tiMiBany 
tbt  Mj^iar  pviod  of 

'  existence. 

Since  the  lobster-canning  business  in  the  United 
States  has  ceased,  the  importation  of  lobsters  has 
greatly  increased.  The  following  tabular  statement 
the  importatioii  <^  lobsters,  canned  and  un- 
for  18M^  1900^  tai  1908,  for  tlw  fiteal  ywHs 


• 

IMS 

To»«L  

■■ttAAWea.  

8.213,000 

$1,401,000 

7,497.000 

1931.000 

8568,000 

136,000 

23.000 

144,000 
7,SW,000 
17,000 

11,000 
915,000 
3,400 
1,4N 

491,000 
76.000 

The  entire  catch  was  made  in  pots  or  traps.  The 
lobsters  are  taken  from  the  traps  and  put  into  floating 
cages  edkd  can,  mhat  tfMj  Me  kept  uatil  enough  are 
to  wamai  Aipinwit,  Tksf  an  iBHrfceted 
ler  alive  or  boiled.  On  account  <^  the  higher  price 
leceived  for  the  former  the  dealers  often  keep  them 
■ntil  sold  in  "Uve-cars,"  which  are  similar  to  those 
med  by  the  fishermen  but  much  larger.  Dealers  often 
build  large  pounds  sometimes  covering  a  number  of 
•OM,  lAom  lobslen  an  fed  imtfl  a  aalbfaictoiy  p 

Lobster,  spiny. — doeely  allied  to  the  Americaa  loib- 
ster  is  the  spiny  or  rock  lobster,  often  called  craw- 
fish or  crayfish,  found  on  the  coast  of  CaUfomia  from 
Monterey  to  San  Diego,  and  also  along  the  Gulf  coast 
of  Florida.  Its  flesh  is  coarser  and  less  tender  than 
fkalL  off  tiw  eaatora  kbster,  bvt  its  duuraeteiistics  and 

The  qmqr  lobster  is  man  aetire, 
more  rapidly  through  the  vater 
and  more  often  escaping  from  the  ordinary  lobster  pots. 

The  total  catch  in  the  United  States  in  1908  was 
626,000  pounds,  valued  at  $71,000,  which  was  a  httle 
more  than  half  the  quantity  caught  in  1902-1904,  but 
abo«i  ecpial  to  the  nonnal  eatdi  for  the  past  ten  years. 
TUa  faimj'  kaa  leached  araeh  bigger  proportimia  in 
Cafiforaia  than  in  Honda.  In  1908,  573,000  pounds, 
valued  at  $69,000,  were  caught  in  California  and  only 
53,000  pounds,  valued  at  $2,600,  in  Florida.  The 
of  the  catch  of  Calif omia  and  of  Florida  for 


those  years  for  which  returns  are  available  are  given 
in  the  following  tabular  statement: 


Camornia: 
1908.. 
1904.. 

1899.. 
1895.. 
1892.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 

im.. 

1800.. 

Florida: 
1906.. 
UMB.. 


Qnanttt' 

^111  an  IK 


1. 


607,000 
558,000 
303.000 
272,000 
278,000 
366,000 
210,000 

53,000 
^000 


109,000 
43,000 
14,000 
13,000 
8,500 
7,700 
7,700 
7,110 
5,fl0» 

2,600 
3,800 

s,m 


In  California  the  spiny-lobster  product  increased 
steadily  from  1880  to  1899.  In  1904  there  was  an 
abnormal  catch,  but  in  1908  the  total  catdi,  while 
greater  than  thai  in  1805,  waa  alightly  hm  than  the 
catch  in  1899. 

The  entire  catch  in  the  stoto  of  Cafiforaia  in  190S 
was  made  with  traps.  Formerly  set  nete  weie  used 
extensively,  especiaUy  by  the  Japanese  fishermen,  but 
with  great  damage  to  the  industry,  for  if  small  lobsters 
under  legal  size  were  caught  in  these  nets,  it  was  almost 
impoflriUe  to  lemove  them  without  aerional^  maiming 
or  crippling  them.  Aa  eai^  as  1894  the  aa^iiwl  eemi» 
ties  in  California  where  these  lobsters  were  cai^^ 
had  made  local  provisions  prohibiting  the  sale  or 
catching  of  lobsters  from  May  15  to  July  15,  and  fixing 
1  pound  as  the  minimum  weight.  They  are  now  pro- 
tected by  state  laws  establishing  a  closed  season  from 
Febmaxy  15  to  September  15  and  Kmitii^  the  aiae  to 
becai^t. 

The  Califonia  apinj  lehator  k  ewaad  aa  ireflaa 

sold  fresh. 

Mackerel  (Scomher  scorribrus). — The  mackerel  is 
found  in  the  north  Atlantic  south  as  far  as  Cape  Hat- 
teras.  It  ranges  from  9  to  18  inches  in  length  and 
from  one-half  pomid  to  3  pounds  in  weight,  and  ia 
caught  in  purse  aeinea,  poimd  neto,  wein,  gin  nete, 
eto.,  and  with  hook  and  line.  Small  mackerel  are 
known  as  "spikes"  when  from  5  to  6  inches  in  length, 
as  "  blinkers"  when  from  7  to  8  inches  in  length,  and 
as  "tinkers"  when  9  inches  in  length. 

The  catch  in  1908  amounted  to  12,103,000  pounds, 
vahied  at  $848,000.  Four-fifths  of  this  quantity  was 
marketod  fredi  and  the  wmainiiig  one-fifth  was  aalted. 
AH  of  the  aatted  madEord,  except  a  small  amoimt 
reported  from  Maine,  was  taken  by  the  vessel  fisheries 
of  Massachusetts.  The  following  tabular  statement 
gives  the  statistics  of  the  catch,  by  states: 


FBIHyUCTS  OF  TH£  PBINOPAL  FttSHRMRS  IN  DETAIL. 


Fwsds. 

Percent 
distribu- 
tkm. 

Percent 
distriba- 
tion. 

13,100,000 

100 

IMS,  000 

100 

10,453.000 
8,222,000 
2,231,000 
380,000 
378,000 
2,200 
637,000 
501,000 
122,000 
106,000 
4,400 

a 

IS 

86 
68 
18 
3 
3 

4 

1 
1 

(') 

SSI,S0O 

761,000 
600,000 
101,000 
31,000 
31,000 
200 
25,000 
14,000 
8,000 
•»iOO 
•00 

81 
» 

90 
71 
19 
4 
4 

(») 

3 

2 
1 
1 

(•) 

1  Lac  ttMn  1  per  oeat. 


The  quantity  and  yahie  of  the  mackerel  catch  for 

prior  years,  so  far  as  statistics  are  available,  are  given 
in  the  following  tabular  statement: 


mm. 

(POOMMI. 

ntoDoci. 

12,103,000 
16,324,000 

20,359,000 
8,960,000 
10,212,000 

•848,000 

1,107,000 
1,137,000 
491,000 
1,109,000 

The  data  given  for  1902  are  for  the  New  England 
states  alone,  there  being  no  statistics  for  the  Middle 
Atlantic  states  for  that  year.  The  catch  of  the  Middle 
Atlantic  states,  howerer,  is  of  nktiTe  impor- 
tance, having  ccmstitoted,  in  the  yean  for  which 
figures  are  avaOable,  about  2  per  oort  of  the 
total. 

About  72  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  mackerel 
product  represented  the  value  of  the  catch  with  seines, 
22  per  cent  the  value  of  that  made  with  gill  nets, 
5  per  cent  the  yalue  of  that  with  pound  nets,  trap 
neto,  and  weirs,  «id  1  per  eei^  the  vahw  of  the  cap- 
ture with  lines. 

The  statistics  for  the  chub  mackerel  (Scomber 
japonicus)  and  the  Spanish  mackerel  {Scomberomorus 
maculatus)  are  not  included  in  the  foregoing  presenta- 
tion. The  catch  of  the  chub  mackerel  in  1 908  amounted 
to  639,000  pounds,  valued  at  $16,000,  the  greater  part 
of  which  was  taken  by  Rhode  Idand  fishermen.  WhSe 
this  spedes  closely  resembles  the  common  mackerel, 
and  is  an  excellent  food  fish,  the  average  price  in  1908 
was  much  lower  than  that  of  the  common  mackerel. 
The  catch  of  Spanish  mackerel  was  3,806,000  pounds, 
valued  at  $194,000,  the  greater  part  of  which  was 
reported  from  Florida. 

JMUubn  (BnvoorUa  tynumut). — ^Tlie  menhaden  is 
a  fish  of  the  herring  family,  found  along  the  Atlantic 
seaboard  from  Mai^e  to  Florida.   It  is  known  by  a 


great  many  local  names,  the  most  edmmon  being 
"pogy,"  "haidhead,"  'Hiaidhead  ahad/'  ^'bonyfish," 

"whitefish,"  "mossbunker,"  "bunker,"  "cheboy," 
"marshbanker,"  "alewife,"  "oldwife,"  "eUwife,"  "pil- 
cher,"  "green-tail,"  "bug-fish,"  "bug-shad,"  "bug- 
head,"  "fat-back,"  "yellowtail,"  "shiner,"  "herring," 
etc.  The  average  length  of  menhaden  is  from  10  to 
12  inches,  and  the  average  weiglit  from  two^hirda 
of  a  pound  to  1  pound.  Tliey  are  caught  in  pinae 
seines,  haul  seines,  gill  nets,  set  nets,  and  weirs. 
Their  economic  importance  is  due  mainly  to  the  oil 
and  guano  which  are  produced  from  them;  they  are 
also  used  as  bait  for  mackerel,  cod,  halibut,  haddock, 
and  sea  bass.  As  a  food  fish  they  are  sold  fresh, 
salted,  and  canned.  '  'Fish  meal,"  a  food  for  domestie 
animals,  is  also  made  tnm  them. 

The  menhaden  is  the  most  abundant  fish  found  any- 
where in  the  waters  of  the  United  States  and  forms 
one  of  the  principal  fishery  products.  The  total  catch 
in  1908  was  394,776,000  pounds,  which  quantity 
represented  one-fifth  of  the  weight  of  all  fishery  prod- 
ucts of  the  countr>^,  and  was  nearly  70  per  cent  greater 
%h»n  the  wei^  of  the  fishery  product  moA  in  rank. 
In  value,  however,  this  fish  ranked  fourteenth,  con- 
tributing $893,000  in  1908,  or  only  2  per  cent  of  the 
value  of  all  fishery  products.  The  catch,  by  states,  is 
given  in  the  following  tabular  statement,  in  which  the 
states  are  ranked  according  to  the  value  of  their 
respective  products: 


MENHADEN  PRODOCT:  1908. 

Quantity. 

Vakw. 

Poundt. 

Percent 
diatrUxi- 
tkm. 

Amoont. 

Percent 
dMribo- 

United  States  

394,770,000 

100  1 

8893,000 

100 

190,069,000 
60,815,000 
28,630,000 
S7, 412, 000 
17,942,000 
12,417,000 
12,298,000 
13. 70S.  000 
8,411,000 

48. 

15 
7 

15 
5 
3 
8 
8 
1 

429,000 
162.000 
08,000 
70,000 
48,000 
43,000 
80^880 

aa,«oo 

8,8M 

48 

17 
10 
8 
5 
6 
8 
t 
1 

In  1908  menhaden  fishing  was  pursued  along  the 
Atlantic  coast  from  Massadiusette  to  N<»th  OaroGna, 
and  a  anafl  quantity  of  the  fish  waa  also  taken  in  the 
Gkdf  <^  Mexico  off  the  coast  of  Florida.  The  meidiar 
dm.  is  very  irr^ular  in  its  movements.  Some  years 
it  goes  as  far  north  as  Nova  Scotia,  and  several  men- 
haden factories  are  situated  in  Maine  reatly  to  be 
operated  when  the  fish  appear  on  that  coast.  In  1908 
these  factories  were  not  operated.  In  1900  tliis  fish 
was  found  along  the  coast  of  Texas,  but  none  was 
taken  in  thai  looality  m  1908.  Menhaden  sfiptomA 
the  coast  waters  upon  the  advent  of  warm  weather 
4  and  remain  until  the  watw  cools.   They  are  seen  as 


3  OF  THE  UNITBD  STATES,  im. 


early  as  March  in  Chesapeake  Bay,  but  not  until  much 
later  in  the  more  northern  waters.  They  usually  leave 
the  colder  waters  of  the  North  early  in  September,  but 
m  found  arotmd  Cape  Haitctas  as  late  as  January. 

U  is  impoesihle  to  gire  ihofoqisUy  oom|>arable  data 
iwlanMryBars  for  the  United  States  as  a  whole,  but 
CNin|MMlte  statistics  are  given  in  the  following  tabular 
statement  foe  Um  jMia  1880, 1889-1891,  1901-2,  and 
1908: 


Vakw. 

531,280.000 
448,573,000 

S8e3,O0O 

1,075,000 

i,oeo,ooo 
0) 

This  fishefy  appean  to  haTe  ben  less  fwefiUble  in 
1MB  IImui  in  former  yean. 

Ptane  and  haul  seines  were  the  principal  forms  of 
apparatus  of  capture  used  in  this  fishery,  these  two 
alone  talcing  94  per  cent  of  the  total  quantity  in  1008. 
Pountl  nets,  trap  nets,  and  gill  nets  took  6  psr  cent  of 
ike  product,  ndiile  all  other  apparatus  eoaitribiited  less 
1  per  eml.  Tkt  foBowii^  iabular  stcUBMnt 
ef  Hkm  pfochiel  by  ti^ppmaii.VB  of 


mvtD  or  AFTAftjaei. 

MEHHADEir  FBOOUCT:  190& 

Percent 
tkm. 

Percent 
dMbu- 
tk». 

3W.  7TC,  000 

100 

SS93.000 

100 

371.030.000 
21.138,000 
1,983.000 
13,000 

04 
5 
1 

0) 

822,000 
«7,000 
3,300 
700 

92 
8 

8 

{MuffU  cephahu  mud  M.  ciirema).--Two  spe- 
mm  of  mullet,  known  as  tbe  striped  suDet  and  the 

white  mullet,  ^ure  among  the  fishery  products  of  the 
United  States.  The  striped  mullet  is  found  on  the 
Atlantic  coast  from  Cape  Cod  to  Florida  and  on  the 
coast  of  southern  California,  ascending  streams;  and 
the  white  mullet,  on  the  Atlantic  coast  from  Cape  Cod 
southward.  Local  names  are ' 'bfai^sh  mummichog/' 
"iHiiiift  midfei,"  ''sand  mullet,"  "fat-back/'  "sil- 
^mullet,"  "big-eyed  mullet,"  "blue-back  mullet," 
"Liza,"  and  "Josea."  M.  cephalus  is  the  most 
important  food  fish  of  the  South,  and  greatly  surpasses 
J/,  curema  both  in  numbers  and  in  economic  impor- 
tance. It  averages  about  1  foot  in  length  and  1  pound 
in  wei^t,  but  sometimes  reaches  a  weif^t  of  from  4 
to  5  pooidB  and  m  kmgti^  of  2  feet.  It  is  cso^t  in 
fB  Bets»  cast  nsts,  ponad  oeti,  etc.,  and 


is  sold  fresh  and  salted;  the  roe  is  also  very  valuable 
food,  and  is  sold  fresh,  salted,  smoked,  and  dried. 

Mullet  in  1908  ranked  thirteenth  in  yahie  among 
the  fishery  products  of  the  United  States.  Its  Tshie, 
including  tiiat  of  roe,  was  $908,000,  tcmamg  2  per  cent 
of  the  value  of  the  entire  fishery  product  and  3  per  cent 
of  the  value  of  the  fish  product  proper.  In  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico  fisheries,  from  which  over  half  of  the  total 
was  obtained,  it  ranked  fourth  in  value  and  repre- 
sented 11  per  cent  of  the  total  Tslue  of  products 
reported  lor  these  fisheries.  Hie  foHowing  tabnUur 
statniMBit  gtwBB  the  mullet  catch  by  states,  which  ate 
aiTBi^^  aeooidiiig  to  the  value  of  their  product: 


IIOIXET  pboduct:  1906. 


•t&XB. 

Peromt 

Awwmpt 

Percent 

United  States  

33,703,000 

100 

$908,000 

100 

24,582,000 
5,070,000 
1,656,000 
1,035,000 
604.000 
264,000 
133.000 
194,000 

fir,oo» 
m,m 

73 
15 
5 
3 
2 
1 

1!! 

637,000 
175,000 
33.000 
20.000 
19,000 
9.400 
5.600 
5,400 
1,600 

a,Mo 

7» 

19 
4 
2 
2 
1 
1 

8  * 

Harold.  

1  Le»thanl 
* 


cent. 


r,  CUMmte,  and  Nmt  TariL 

Florida,  in  which  state  mullet  was  the  Issdiiig  prod- 
uct, furnished  the  bulk  of  the  catch. 

The  mullet  reported  as  salted  amounted  to  3,020,000 
pounds,  with  a  value  of  §122,000,  of  which  1,885,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $80,000,  were  from  North  Carolina; 
1,046,000  pounds,  valued  at  $39,000,  from  Florida; 
and  89,000  pounds,  valued  at  $3,100,  fkom  South 
Carolina.  The  balance  was  marketed  fresh.  In- 
cluded with  this  salted  mullet  are  135/)00  pounds  of 
salted  roe,  valued  at  $15,000. 

The  value  of  the  total  mullet  product  in  1908  was 
greater  than  that  for  any  previous  year,  although  the 
quantity  was  exceeded  in  1902-1904.  The  foOowing 
tabular  statement  gives  the  yieid  for  thsM  jmn  for 
whiA  statislics  am  svaaaUe: 


mnuT  rsospci. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

VakM. 

33,703.000 
41.882.000 
21.425,000 
"21,258,000 
10,185,000 

$908,000 
TIG. 000 
333.000 
392,000 
243,000 

waa 


The  quantity  and  value  of  the  s^ted  mnDetrfoe 
product  for  certain  years  an  gim  In  the  foUsfiring 


PBODUOTS  OF  THE  PEINCIPAL  FISHERIES  IN  DETAIL. 


VahM. 

nil 

915,000 
6,300 
13,000 
17,000 

Gill  nets  took  two-thirds  of  the  mullet  caught  and 
seines  almost  one-fourth. 

Musada. — ^The  black,  thin-shelled  salt-water  mussel 
{Mk/lShta  MUb)  is  found  on  the  Atlantie  eosst  as  far 
sotttii  as  North  Carolina  aiid<m  tiie  Fadfie  coast  north 
of  Monterey.  The  shells  are  used  as  a  cultch  for 
young  oysters,  as  paint  holders,  and  as  ornaments. 
Large  quantities  of  another  genus  (Modiola)  are  sold 
to  farmers  along  the  New  Jersey  and  Long  Island 
coasts  for  fertilizer.  The  fresh-water  mussels  ( Union- 
idm)  are  of  much  value  as  food  for  animals  and  birds, 
and  the  diells  are  used  in  making  pearl  buttons. 

Mussds  ai^pear  among  the  products  of  17  states.  In 
the  case  of  the  salt-water  product  the  quantity  of  the 
catch  is  reported  on  the  contained  meat  basis,  while 
for  the  fresh-water  varieties,  which  are  taken  primarily 
for  the  shells  and  pearls,  the  quantity  represents  the 
wdc^t  of  shells.  The  salt-wmter  product,  which  is  the 
product  nkaend  to  in  this  report  under  the  head  of 
"Mussels,"  is  included  in  the  returns  of  six  states — 
California,  Connecticut,  Massachusetts,  New  Jersey, 
New  York,  and  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut  was  the 
only  one  of  these  states  reporting  also  the  fresh-water 
varieties.  The  remaining  11  states  which  had  mussel 
fisheries  obtained  their  product  entirdy  from  the  fresh 
watera  of  the  Mississipin  River  and  its  tributaries. 
The  meat  ci  the  salt-water  |«odnct  is  sdd  for  bait  to 
fiflhennen  and  for  fertiUzer  to  farmers,  and  is  also 
pickled  and  sold  as  an  article  of  food.  The  shell  of  the 
salt-water  mussel  is  utilized  to  a  certain  extent  in  the 
manufacture  of  buttons  and  mother-of-pearl  articles, 
but  no  record  of  thb  sheU  product  entera  into  the  re- 
turns grr«&  in  the  jnesent  repcHrt.  The  statistics  of 
the  sslt>waterprodiiet  are  given  in  the  feUowmg  tabu- 
lar statement: 


mnacL  nmva:  1006. 

Valoa. 

BaoBds. 

Percent 

distribu- 
tion. 

Amotint. 

Per  cent 
distribu- 
tion. 

Comieeticut  

Bbode  Island  

Massachusetts  

8,542,000 

100 

312,000 

100 

8,175,000 
68,000 
287,000 
7,200 
3,500 
1,100 

96 
1 
3 

(') 

8 

8.200 
1.600 
1,400 
200 
100 
100 

68 
13 
12 
2 
1 
1 

ilyar 


The  jHToducts  <rf  the  fceah-iwttflr  munnel-ehell 
mm  as  foUows: 


bwa  

Kentucky. . 
Tennessee. . 
Wisconsin.. 
Mtniwaata.. 

auo.  

Connaetieat 
HJasouri.... 


Qnantitjr 
•J- 


81,909,000 


a>,no,ooo 

14,481,000 

8,060,000 
4,699,000 
3,413,000 
2,170,000 
1,150,000 
767,000 
1,997,000 
5.403,000 
170,000 
200,000 


Vafau. 


TaM. 


$♦,92,000 


3St,000 
155,000 

70,000 
44,000 
20,000 
14,000 
12,000 
8,400 
7,000 
5,400 
1,600 
800 


$302,000 


i 


81,000 

42.000 
33.000 
18.000 
9,400 
6,900 
4,700 
6,600 
5.400 
1,000 
300 


Pearls 
and 


$300,000 


38,000 
11,000 
1,900 
4,200 
6,400 


Illinois  reported  52  per  cent  of  the  totsl  value  at  tito 
mussei-sheU  product  and  considerably  more  than 
mie-half  of  the  value  oi  the  peail  ou^ut.  Indiaaa 

was  next  in  order,  contributing  a  product  valued  at 
22  per  cent  of  the  total.  The  fisheries  of  the  Ohio 
River  and  its  tributaries,  during  1908,  were  more 
prolific  than  those  of  the  Mississippi  River  proper. 
Of  the  total  value  of  the  Illinois  product,  $114,000 
came  from  the  Ohio  River,  which,  added  to  the  vidne 
<^  the  yield  from  Indiana,  Ohio,  Kentucky,  and  Ten^ 
nessee,  made  a  total  of  $309,000  as  the  value  of  the 
mussel-shell  product  of  this  river  and  its  tributaries. 
The  Illinois  River  produced  shells  valued  at  $139,000, 
which  leaves  a  balance  of  $239,000  as  the  value  of  those 
reported  from  the  Mississippi  and  its  other  tributaries. 
Considarably  over  half  the  value  ci  peaiis  reported 
($154,000)  was  from  the  Ohio  Biver  distiict,  as 
compared  with  a  value  of  $146,000  reported  from 
the  ^lississippi  River  district,  including  the  fisheries 
of  the  Illinois  River.  Of  shells,  however,  the  Missis- 
sippi River  district,  including  the  Illinois  River,  pro- 
duced a  quantity  valued  at  $230,000,  compared  with 
the  product  <^  the  (Hdo  Biver  dirtrict,  whidi  had  a 
value  of  $156,000.  In  the  Ohio  Biver  dutiiet  the 
mussel  product  was  much  more  valuable  than  that 
of  all  other  fishery  products  combined,  and  in  the 
Mississippi  River  district  it  was  second  only  to  carp. 

The  total  shell  product  for  1908  shows  an  increase 
of  72  per  cent  in  quantity  and  81  per  cent  in  value, 
compared  with  1899,  ^en  the  quantity  was  47,648,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $216,000.  The  yield  of  pearls  was 
not  reported  in  1899.  in  ihe  returns  of  shells  for  thai 
year  only  five  states  were  represented — Illinois,  Iowa, 
Minnesota,  Missouri,  and  Wisconsin.  The  IlHnois 
product  has  had  a  marked  growth  from  8,910,000 
pounds  in  1899  to  39,809,000  pounds  in  1908.  The 
Minnesota  output,  too,  was  miuh  larger  in  1908  than 
1899.  3^  the  otiier  three  states,  however,  there  has 
been  a  pronounced  ^erease.  Iowa  in  1809  pfodaoad 


TflM*— 11— r-6 


ffSHEROBS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


1,000  pounds  of  shells  and  Wisconsin  16,260,000 
pounds.  In  1908  these  two  states  produced,  respec- 
tively, 4.609.000  and  1,150.000  pounds.  In  1894  the 
industry  was  barely  started,  and  the  total  product 
VM  obI^  1M,000  pounds,  TtM  at  $2,700.  Oftiiis, 
ImtMppKed  148,000  poimds  and  lOnMia  tho  balance. 

PlBarih^  has  uniformly  pnoedied  traffic  in  shells. 
la  hunting  for  pearls  the  fishers  wade  in  the  shallow 
waters,  feeling  for  the  mussels  with  their  fset  or 
looking  for  them  through  a  water  telescope,  and 
gather  them  by  hand  when  found.  In  deeper  water, 
gardm  nkn,  to  wfaidi  are  atta^ed  amaU  bag  nata, 
are  wed  from  aaaaH  boats.  Tongs  are  also  an  imple- 
ment of  common  use.  As  the  quantity  of  pearls 
taken  becomes  less  and  the  excitement  of  hunting  for 
them  consequently  subsides,  the  fishermen  begin  to 
look  to  the  shells  for  their  main  remuneration.  They 
then  adopt  more  systematic  methods,  making  use  of 
tiM  cwmfoot  dndge.  Una  impkment  emiaists  of  an 
to  lAidi  iraii  hooiBi  with  from  two  to  four 
ire  attached  at  intervals.  As  the  bar  is 
dragged  downstream,  the  mussels,  wliich  lie  with  their 
Talves  open  upstream,  close  tightly  upon  the  prongs 
as  soon  as  touched.  Most  of  the  boats  are  fitted  with 
wnotma  to  propel  them  upstream,  "v^iile  to  make  the 
bait  uaa  of  tiie  eomiit  downstream  a  deviee  called  a 
mmlm  k  attadied.  The  lattv  consists  of  a  square  of 
canras  stretched  on  a  frame  and  let  into  the  water 
from  the  prow  of  the  boat,  so  that  it  presents  a  broad 
surface  for  the  current  to  act  upon. 

The  decrease  in  the  quantity  of  the  mussel  shells 
taken  m  the  Iowa  and  Wiseonsin  fishnies  means  that 
tte  peail  industry  in  those  statea  is  m  danger.  Manu- 
iactuCTBi  Inre  been  interested  in  schemes  for  providing 
S  future  supply,  either  by  protective  legislation,  which 
shall  promote  natural  increase,  or  by  an  attempt  at 
private  culture.  The  latter  plan,  however,  has  not 
been  more  than  considered.  The  especially  discour- 
aging feature  is  that  at  least  10  yean  are  required  to 
pow  most  of  the  Tarieties  to  eommereial  siae,  during 
which  period  the  mollusk  is  beset  with  many  dangers, 
both  from  the  fish  which  prey  on  it  and  from  the  physi- 
ographical  conditions  wliich  surround  it.  The  only 
experiments  in  private  culture  have  been  in  the  growth 
of  pearls  within  the  mussel,  not  of  the  mussel  itself, 
nese  attempts  have  not  yet  passed  bey<md  the  experi- 
■MBial  stage.  The  enaetment  of  fwotective  legidation 
sIm  pnseilts  its  problems.  Because  of  the  different  size 
of  various  species  at  maturity  no  uniform  restriction 
as  to  minimum  size  can  be  prescribed,  and  if  a  specific 
size  for  each  variety  were  established  it  would  be 
impossiUe,  owing  to  the  dose  rasemUanoe  between 
aaarty  tM  ai  the  diffennt  species,  for  any  but  biolo- 
gists to  do  the  gathering.  Furthermore,  as  the  leqpawn- 
ing  time  is  very  irregular  and  uncertain,  the  proper 
period  for  a  closed  season  is  difficult  to  determine. 
The  state  of  Illinois,  however,  has  enacted  legislation 


establishing  a  closed  season  from  October  1  to  April  1 
and  has  set  limits  to  the  capacity  of  apparatus  used. 

The  importance  of  mussel  shells  dates  from  1891, 
when  a  Qennan  opened  a  button  f aetoiy  at  Museatine, 
Iowa,  modeled  after  those  in  Cteimany.  His  atten- 
tion had  been  directed  to  this  country  by  tariff  regu- 
lations and  attracted  to  this  section  of  the  United 
States  by  the  abunilance  of  shells  loft  after  the  opera- 
tions of  pearl  fishers.  Previous  to  this  an  attempt  to 
establish  such  a  factory  had  been  made  in  Tennessee, 
but  had  failed.  The  rapidity  of  the  developmrat  of 
this  industry  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  at  the  close 
of  1897, 13  factories  had  boon  opraed,  while  during  the 
first  six  months  of  1898,  36  othen  were  established  in 
Iowa,  Wisconsin,  and  Illinois. 

Pearl  fishing  was  followed  throughout  the  Missis- 
sippi Valley  by  the  Indians  and  by  the  eaily  settlers 
in  a  smaU  way,  but  Ihe  first  exdtement  in  recent  years 
was  in  1878  in  Ohio.  Since  that  time  at  r^ular  inter- 
vals "crazes"  have  developed  in  one  section  or  an- 
other. Among  these  "  crazes  "  may  be  mentioned  that 
in  Wisconsin  beginning  in  1889  and  later  extending 
down  the  river,  that  in  Arkansas  in  1895,  that  on  the 
Clinch  River  in  Tennessee  in  1901,  that  on  the  Wabash 
in  1903,  and  1hat<m  the  nUnois  River  in  1906.  At  the 
height  of  the  wtciteniMit  in  Arkansas  it  is  estimated 
that  1 0,000  persons  were  engaged  in  pearl  fisliing.  The 
shells  of  the  mussels  were  a  waste  product  until  the 
opening  of  the  button  factories.  Now  the  shells  are 
the  important  product  of  the  industry,  while  pearls 
furnish  the  speculative  element. 

Oytter  (Otirm  vtrginiea). — Oysters  ranlrod  first  in 
value  among  all  fishery  products  of  the  United  States 
in  1908,  with  a  total  product  of  33,330,000  bushels, 
valued  at  $15,713,000,  or  29  per  cent  of  the  value  of 
all  fishery  products.  Of  the  total  oyster  product, 
market  oysters  represented  77  per  cent  in  quantity 
and  81  per  cent  in  value.  Although  oysters  from  pri- 
vate beds  formed  but  44  per  cent  of  the  total  quantity, 
yet  culture  enhances  the  value  to  such  an  extent  that 
their  total  value  was  greater  than  that  of  the  product 
from  pubhc  areas.  In  the  case  of  private  areas  the 
ownerahip  often  lies  in  the  state.  In  some  states,  how- 
ever, it  k  ccmadered  a  pai-t  of  the  riparian  property  of 
the  landowners,  and  in  others — Connecticut  and  New 
York,  for  example — oyster  grounds  have  been  sold  out- 
right and  the  state  has  no  further  claim  thereon. 

The  statistics  for  190S  of  market  and  seed  oysters 
from  puMie  and  private  areas  are  given  in  ihe  next 
tabular  statement. 

The  oyster  industry  was  reported  for  every  state  on 
both  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  coasts,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  New  Hampshire.  The  greatest  production 
was  from  the  beds  of  Long  Island  Sound  and  Chesa- 
peake Bay.  While  Connecticut  ranked  first  in  the 
value  of  this  product,  there  was  little  difference  in  the 
value  of  the  output  of  the  states  of  Connecticut,  New 
York,  Virginia,  and  Maryland,  each  of  which  yielded 


PRCHHJGTS  OF  THE  PRDfCSPAL  FISflERIES  IN  raSTAIL. 


oysters  valued  at  over  $2,000,000.  Oysters  were  the 
principal  fishery  product  in  15  of  the  21  states  in  which 
oyster  fisheries  were  carried  on,  viz,  Alabama,  Connec- 
ticut, Delaware,  Georgia,  Louisiana,  Maryland,  IfJasis- 
rippi,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  North  Carolina,  Penn- 
sylvania, Bhodo  Island,  South  CaioliBm  Texas,  and 
Virginia. 


|/\        KIND  AMD  AREA. 

OTSTKR  fboouct:  1908. 

Qntotttjr. 

VakM. 

Bndidi. 

Peromt 
dtotrlbo- 
tioii. 

Pcroeat 
diftilbo- 

tlOB. 

From  public  areas  

Wmt  pClVMit  SNM.  

33,330,000 

100 

$15,713,000 

100 

25,470,000 

76 

12,721,000 

81 

14,806,000 

10,665,000 

7,859,000 

44 

32 

24 

4,416,000 

8,305,000 

2,992,000 

28 

53 

19 

3,851,000 
4,006,000 

12 
12 

• 

1,035,000 

i,w7,ain 

7 
U 

The  greatest  yield  of  oysters  from  natural  or  public 
beds  was  in  Chesapeake  Bay,  the  oomlNned  prodoet 
of  Maryland  and  Virginia  from  public  areas  rqwe- 
senting  47  per  cent  of  the  quantity  and  58  per  cent  of 
the  value  of  the  total  pro(hu  t  from  public  areas.  In 
Virginia  the  cultivation  of  oyster  beds  was  also  car- 
ried on  extensively,  antl  in  fact  over  57  per  cent  of  the 
value  of  all  oyM«rs  produced  <in  Virig^nia  was  caor 
tributed  by  private  areas.  In  Massachusetts,  Rhode 
Island,  Connecticut,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Virginia, 
Georgia,  and  the  Pacific  coast  states,  the  majority  of 
the  oysters  were  dredged  from  private  areas,  while  in 
Maine,  Maryland,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina, 
Florida,  and  the  Qulf  states,  the  oysten  were  taken 
mostly  from  public  beds.  Of  the  product  of  Pennsyl- 
vania and  Delaware  the  larger  part  was  iakeai  from 
public  areas,  but  the  ^oduct  from  |nivate  anas  had 
a  greater  value. 

The  statistics  of  the  quantity  and  value  of  both 
market  and  seed  oysters,  by  states  ranked  acc<ffding  to 
the  amount  reported,  are  given  in  the  foDowing  table: 


United  States. 


Maryland  

ViTgiiila.  

Oonnectieat  

Louisiana....... 

New  Jersey  

New  York  

South  Carolina.. 

Georeia  

Rhode  Island... 

Mississippi  

Morida  

North  Carolina.. 
AlabaUL  


Texas  

Delaware  

Pennsylvania . , 
Wasliihgton... 

Massachusetts. 
Oalltonia  


United  Statea. 


Connecticut  

New  York  

ViTgiola.  

Maryland  

New  Jersey  

Rhode  Istand.. 

Louisiaoa  

Washington.... 
Georgia  

Calltomla  

Florida  

Mississippi  

North  Carolina. 

Massachusetts.. 
Pennsylvania.. 

Alabama  

Delaware  


Texas  

South  Carolina. 
Oregon  


115,713,000 


583,000 
553,000 
348,000 
228,000 

afio,ooo 

909,000 

763,000 
352,000 
339,000 

3,'?7,000 
296,000 
295,000 
236,000 

218.000 
176,000 
173.000 
169,000 

168.000 
137,000 

4,aoo 

200 


VALUE. 


100 


16 
16 
15 
14 
9 

6 

5 

2 
2 

2 
2 
2 
2 


(») 


S12.7J1.000 

1,168,000 
2, 173,000 

1.967,000 
2, 127,000 
884.000 

967,000 
075.000 
346.000 
334.000 

3;}7.000 
296.000 
295,000 
227,000 

203.000 
1.34,000 
109,000 
112,000 

167,000 
137,000 
4,000 
900 


100 

T 

17 

15 
17 

7 

8 
5 
3 
3 

3 
2 
2 
2 


32,992.000 

1,415,000 
381,000 

381.000 
101.000 
485,000 

2.500 
88.000 
6.500 
4,600 


100 

47 

13 

13 
3 
16 


(•) 


8,800 

15.000 
42; 000 
4,100 
57,000 

600 


(•) 


200 


0) 


TotaL 

Market. 

Seed. 

Per  cant  «ftataL 

Amount. 

Per  cent 
distribu- 
tion. 

Amount. 

Percent 
dlatribu- 

tlOB. 

Amoont. 

Pereant 
diatrtta- 
tioo. 

Maitot. 

Said. 

QOAimrr  (noHnw). 

33,-330,000 

100 

25, 470.000 

100 

7,859,000 

100 

76 

M 

6,232,000 
5,075.000 
3,948.000 
3.650.000 
2,586.000 

19 
15 
12 
11 
8 

5,830.000 
3,672.000 
1,395.000 
2,966.000 
920,000 

23 
14 

5 
12 

4 

402.000 
1,403.000 
2.553.0ai 

684.  on«) 

l.ti(i7,0(M) 

5 

18 
32 
9 
21 

•« 

n 

Sft 
81 
38 

• 
M 

m 

n 

64 

2.463.000 
1,563.000 
1,459,000 
1,229,000- 

7 
5 

1.849,000 
l.atB.OOO 
1,436,000 
1,223,000- 

7 
6 
6 
5 

014.000 

8 

76 
100 

25 

4 
4 

23,000 
5,400 

98 

100 

2 

1,068,000 
1,067,000 
813,000 
590,000 

3 

1,068,000 
1,067,000 
754,000 
536,000 

4 

100 

3 

4 

100 

2 
2 

3 
2 

S9.000 
54,000 

1 
1 

93 
91 

7 
9 

497,000 
348,000 
277,000 

204,000 

1 
1 

400,000 
155,000 
129,000 
180,000 

2 
1 
1 

1 

7,500 
183,000 
148,000 
15,000 

^'^  2 
2 

(») 

08 
45 

« 

93 

3 
» 

T 

155,000- 
104,000 
1,300 

m 

i' 

124,000 
104,000 
1,000 
300 

31,000 

m 

80 

100 

» 

300 

" 
100 



81 


45 

85 
84 
05 
05 

100 
88 
98 

99 

100 
100 
MO 
00 

18 


95 
100 


19 


(*) 


«5 
U 
M 
8 
U 

12 
2 
1 


4 

T 
91 
t 

■u 


>  Tlie  oyster  catch  is  credited  to  the  state  in  wliich  the  home  port  of  the  fisherman  is  located. 


IperMBt. 


it  FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1906. 

The  foUflihag  tebiikr  rtitgrnimt  gam  eompantiYe  rtatirtica  for  1808  and  earlier  jeen,  by  geographio 


onnn  fboduct. 

1W7-1M1  • 

MM 

QuutitT 

(b«Mi). 

Value. 

Quantity 

(titiii). 

VahM. 

Quaotity 

Value. 

Quantity 
(bHtato). 

Value. 

33,330,000 

115,713,000 

26,010,000 

$14,375,000 

28,264,000 

116,152,000 

22,196,000 

19,006,000 

1  M,«1,«M 

6.332.000 
16.982.000 
4.364.000 

6,343,000 

3.771.000 
8.842.000 
821.000 

1,586,000 

9H,m 

2,649.000 
19.750.000 
1.612,000 

2,380,000 

6M,aao 

1,911,000 
10,288.000 
385,000 

749,000 

i,m,m 

1,726,000 
21,346.000 
1,192,000 

2.041,000 

1,393.000 
12,403,000 
254,000 

706,000 

537,000 
20,756.000 
310,000 

570. 000 

u.iai 

fi55,000 
10,932,000 
120,00a 

313,000 

n 

Itor  South  Atlantic  states  and  Oulf  of  Mexico,  1S97;  New  F.n);huid  states,  1898;  Pacific  coast  states,  1899;  and  Middle  Atlantic  states,  1! 
>lw  Wtw  tinliiMl  ■titw.  mo  Oulf  of  Mezioo,  1800;  Middle  AtlaoUc  and  South  Atlantic  states,  1801;  and  PacUte  coast  states,  1892. 


A  marked  increase  is  apparent  in  the  product  of  the 
New  Enjiland  and  of  the  South  Atlantic  states  and  a 
decrease  in  that  of  the  Middle  Atlantic  states.  In 
1880  the  product  of  the  Middle  Atlantic  states  formed 
M  per  cent  of  the  total  quantity,  while  in  1908  it 
51  per  ewL  The  pro<foet  of  the  New 
«B  iSkm  eHwr  hand,  iwugwwiyely  in- 
in  qoaiitilj,  npienBtmg  16  per  cent  of  the 
total  in  1908,  as  compared  with  2  per  cent  in  1880, 
while  the  proportion  represented  by  the  product  of  the 
South  Atlantic  states  increased  from  1  per  cent  of  the 
total  quantity  in  1880  to  13  per  cent  in  1908. 

Pikepenhm  {mmthMM  mtiwm  mtlS.nmwifnw).— 
ffte  "vriUyed  ]Ae"  (g.  tUnwm)  m  kaemn  aa 
eye,"  "pike  perch,"  *'yeUow  pike,"  "dory,"  and  "blue 
jfikib"  on  the  Great  Lakes,  and  as  "salmon,"  ''jack," 
"okow,"  "blowfish,"  and  "green  pike"  in  other 
localities.  It  is  an  excellent  food  fish  and  sometimes 
leaches  a  weight  of  20  pounds.  The  sauger,  or  sand- 
C9.  eMMiiMt),  vMA  m  flneDtr  end  leas  im- 
s  food  iA,  is  especialfy  alnmdant  in 
tfw  €treat  Lakes.  The  catch  of  pike  perch  in  1908 
■mounted  to  15,247,000  pounds,  valued  at  $580,000. 
Of  the  total  amount,  15,115,000  pounds,  valued  at 
$569,000,  were  taken  in  the  Great  Lakes,  and  the  bal- 
ance, all  oi  wliich  was  of  the  wall-eyed  species,  was 
caiight  m  tiM  Wmkmpfi  Bmr  or  its  trilmtaiieB. 

nis  §tk  was  Ukm  m  17  states,  but  almost  97 
per  cmt  of  the  total  quantity  was  cau^t  in  Ohio, 
Pennsylvania.  New  York,  and  Michigan.  Ohio  alone 
is  credited  with  57  per  cent  of  the  total  quantity  and 
50  pt-r  rent  of  the  value.  The  statistics  of  the  catch, 
by  states  ranked  according  to  the  value  of  the  product, 
ffwm  m  the  Mowing  tabular  atatemnt: 


HM  WWULM.  nODTOT:  1008. 

Quantity. 

Pounds. 

Per  cent 
dirtribo- 

Amount. 

Per  cent 
dIsWbtt- 

Ohio  

15,347,000 

100 

S5S0,000 

100 

8,025,000 
1.194.000 
2.956,000 
2,001,000 

273.000 
88,000 

110,000 

57 
8 
19 
13 
2 
1 
1 

288,000 
98,000 
98,000 
68,000 
12,000 
6,900 
9,000 

so 

17 
17 
12 
2 
1 
* 

New  Yorlc  

Minnesota  

Wisconsin  

Attothsr  state*  >  

>  Includes  Arlcaasas, 
Missouri,  NetaMtai.  ~ 


Indiana,  Iowa, 
WMl  West  Viiiiaia. 


Ae  indieated  1^  a  o<n(iparisc«  of  ib»  rahies  f<Nr  1808 

and  previous  j'ears,  tide  fish  is  growing  rapidly  in 
importance.  No  figures  are  available  for  the  ^lissis- 
sippi  River  district  in  1899,  but  as  the  Great  Lakes 
furnish  practically  the  entire  amount,  the  figures 
would  be  changed  very  little  by  the  addition  of  the 
nf«r  eateh.  The  statistics  of  the  cateh  for  pieyious 
ymn  an  grran  in  the  loOowing  tababr  etetemsnt: 


TBSB. 

• 

PIKE-PERCH  PEODCCT 
or  THE  QKKAT  LAU8. 

niiMinij 

(poands). 

TakM. 

15.115,000 
9.998,000 
11,070,000 

».569,000 
407,000 
381,000 

1903  

This  fish  is  taken  principally  in  gill  nets  and  pound 
nets,  less  than  6  per  cent  of  the  total  quantity  in  1908 
beii^  cai^t  with  other  kmds  of  apparatus. 


PRODUCTS  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  FISHERIES  IN  DETAIL. 


69 


PoOade  (PoBaehius  wen«).— The  pollack,  a  food 
fish  of  importance,  is  found  mainly  off  the  New  Eng- 
land coast.  It  sometimes  appears  as  far  south  as 
Virginia.  The  average  weight  is  about  10  pounds. 
The  sountls  are  used  in  the  manufacture  of  glue,  the 
livers  are  sold  in  lai^e  quantities  for  the  manufacture 
of  oil,  and  the  tongues  are  cut  out  and  sold  fte^ 

The  poUack  eatdi  in  1908  amounted  to  20,462,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $402,000,  less  than  1  per  cent  of  the 
total  value  for  all  fishery  products  and  over  1  per  cent 
of  that  for  fish  proper.  The  value  of  the  catches  of  the 
fisheries  of  Massachusetts  and  Maine  combined  repre- 
sented 97  per  cent  of  the  total.  The  statistics  by 
states  are  given  in  the  foUoiving  tabular  statooMnt: 


Quantity. 

ValoB. 

Percent 
distribo- 

tiSB. 

Peroeot 

Maine  

ll^4n,000 

100 

8402.  OfK) 

100 

30,006,000 
8,M1,000 
388,000 
US,  000 

84,000 
25,000 
6,300 

68 
30 
1 

(') 
(') 
(•) 
(') 

313,000 
75,000 

7,800 
3.500 
1,100 
800 
100 

78 
19 

2 
1 

(>) 
(') 
(') 

New  Yoi*  

>  Lass  than  1  peroeot. 

The  yield  for  1908  shows  a  large  increase  in  value, 
compared  with  the  product  of  1905,  but  the  weight 
was  approximately  the  same  for  the  two  years.  In 
both  of  these  years,  however,  the  product  was  much 
greater  than  in  any  other  year  for  which  statistics 
are  available,  as  is  i^wn  bj  the  foDowing  tabular 
statinnflait: 


TBAB. 

raXiCKHMWOCt. 

Quantity 
(poands). 

Value. 

29,462,000 
29,033,000 
9,448,000 
8, 442,000 
6, 125,000 

8402,000 
305.000 
65,000 
90,000 
67,000 

1904-5  

1897-98  

1889  

1888  

A  small  proportion  of  the  pollack  catch,  less  than  5 
per  cent  of  the  total  product,  was  salted  by  the  fisher- 
ies in  1908,  and  a  still  smaller  percentage  was  salted 
in  1905. 

The  catch  is  taken  prindpalty  in  the  Teasel  fisheries, 

and  the  most  important  apparatus  used  are  lines.  In 
1908,  68  per  cent  of  the  total  quantity  was  taken  with 
lines,  23  per  cent  with  seines,  and  about  8  per  cent  with 
other  kinds  of  apparatus. 

/Salmon. — ^The  salmon  of  ihe  Atlantic  coast  QSdlmo 
solar)  b  found  along  the  coast  <^  tiie  New  Eo^Uuid 
■tates.  At  diffwent  ages  the  fish  are  known  as  "paiKB," 


"smolts,"  "grilse,"  "kelts,"  and  "sabnon."  The 
adults  weigh  from  15  to  40  pounds.  The  landlocked 
salmon,  or  fresh-water  salmon,  or  Sebago  salmon  (S. 
sehago),  is  found,  as  the  name  impUes,  in  fresh  waters, 
generally  landlocked.  The  steelhead  (Salmo  gairdneri) 
is  found  in  coastal  streams  from  8aa  Wrmaaoo  nortiH 
ward. 

The  blueback  salmon  {Qncorhynchus  nerlca)  is  found 
on  the  Pacific  coast  from  the  Columbia  River  north- 
ward; and  the  California  salmon,  or  chinook  salmon, 
or  quinnat  {0.  tschawytscha) ,  is  found  from  Monterey 
to  Alaska.  The  dog  salmon  (0.  keta)  ranges  from  the 
Sacramento  River  to  Bering  Strut;  the  hna^badEed 
salmon,  or  lost  salmon  (O.  fsf^vadhi),  from  ^  Sacra- 
mento River  to  Alaska;  and  the  silver  salmon  or  white 
salmon  {0.  l-isutch)  is  found  in  all  riven  from  the 
Sacramento  River  to  Bering  Strait. 

The  following  are  improperly  called  salmon  and  are 
not  included  in  the  following  tables  under  that  name: 
The  California  yellow-tail  iSeneila  dandlit)  whidi  is 
known  as  tiie  ''white  Mifamm"  <m  the  Padfie  coast; 
the  chub  {Ptychocheilus  ludut)  of  the  Colorado  River 
is  sometimes  called  salmon;  "kelp  salmon"  is  applied 
to  tlie  cabrilla  (Paralahrox  dathratus)  at  Monterey; 
"lake  salmon"  to  the  lake  trout  in  the  lakes  of  north- 
em  New  York;  and  "salmon"  and  "jack  salmon"  to 
the  wall-eyed  pike  in  the  streanas  of  the  Sooth. 

Next  to  <qnBton,  aalam  is  the  mMl  imfMitlHit  ef  the 
fiiAeiy  products.  Its  value  in  1908  was  $3,347,000, 
or  6  per  cent  of  the  totaL  It  was  first  in  importance 
among  the  different  species  of  fish  proper,  and  repre- 
sented 11  per  cent  of  their  total  value.  Practically 
the  entire  catch  was  made  on  the  Pacific  coast,  in 
which  district  salmon  represented  49  per  cent  of  the 
total  Talue  of  fishery  prodncts.  Tlie  f^tisties,  by 
states,  are  glveB  in  Him  ioiiewing  tafaniar  statement: 


QaanUty.  ! 

1 

VahM. 

FMDds. 

Percent 
distribu-  | 
tion. 

Amount. 

Peresat 

distrib» 

tiSB. 

PaartlStrtiss,  

00,417,000 

100 

13,347,000 

100 

54,312,000 
26,876,000 
9^2U,000 
M^OOO 
100 

60 
30 

10 

(')  i 

V,  \ 

1,571,000 
1.301,000 
471,000 
3.700 

m 

M 

I  Lees  than  1  per  cent.     *  LesstliantlOO.     *  Less  tiMU  MO  poands. 


The  figures  for  the  salmon  product  given  here  are 
for  the  product  sold  in  the  open  market  or  to  the  can- 
neries. The  statistics  for  the  product  of  the  canneries 
and  packing  houses  are  givoi  on  page  283. 

Tfa«  statistics  of  the  prodvct  of  the  Pacafie  coast 
states,  classified  aocoidiqg  to  Taiietjr,  are  ae  IoBowb: 


TO 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


SALMON  PRODUCT  OF  THE  PACmC  COAST  STATES:  1906. 


• 

ToUL 

• 

CUMMDla. 

...  .  .  . 

wfwmaiBtmiBm 

Quantity 
(poands). 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

10,11,000 

tI.M3,000 

9,211,000 

$471,000 

n,301,000 

54,312,000 

n,sn,m 

^5l^:":::::v;.v;;."""'."":::::" 

31,359.000 

19,060.000 

19. 144.000 
4.885,000 
13,960,000 

2,060,000 
538.000 

368.000 
234,000 
122,000 

8,846,000 
147,000 
141.000 
li^OO* 

460,000 
4,900 

18,176,000 
40S.000 
4,903,000 
3,460,000 
MB,000 

1,056.000 
20.000 
109.000 
109,000 
7.000 

12,336.000 
12,501.000 
14,080.000 
2,339,000 
13,066,000 

565.000 
513,000 
256,000 
133.000 
1U,000 

•Mbaid  

Hw  i|wcMS  are  nmked  in  the  aboTe  statement 
n—diMR  to  total  Taine;  aeoordmg  to  quantity  the 
mder  is  chinook,  wStfmt,  dog  or  dnmi,  bhidbadc,  and 
■teelhead.  The  per  cant  distributictt,  by  apecMS,  of 
tfas  quantity  and  value  is  given  below: 


SALMON  PRODUCT  OF 

«n  PAcmc  COAST 
KAns:  1906  (Rs 

Quantity. 

Value. 

M» 

100 

44 

62 

14 

16 

21 

11 

SteeUt«ad  

5 

7 

15 

4 

Thm  next  taMar  atataaanit  grnes  the  statistics 
of  the  Padie  eoast  salmoo  eateii  lor  tlwoe  yeafs  for 


The  fluctuation  to  be  noted  in  earlier  years  in  the 
relative  amount  of  the  product  reported  for  Oregon 
and  Wadiington,  respective^,  is  due  to  the  peculiar 
habit  of  tha  ptiadpal  speeaea  cau^t  in  Puget  Sound 
in  coming  in  gfeateat  abandance  efvery  fourth  year, 
and  somewhat,  peiiiapa,  to  an  uneertainty  in  reportii^ 
results  of  operations  on  that  portion  of  the  Columbia 
River  which  forms  the  boundary  between  the  two 
states.  The  great  decrease  in  bulk  shown  for  Washing- 
ton in  1908,  as  compared  with  1899,  amounting  to 
nearly  50  per  cent,  is  in  marked  contrast  to  the  slight 
increase  in  the  Oregon  product,  while  the  contrast  in 
the  movement  of  the  value  since  1899  is  also  marked. 
InCafifdHmia  there  was  a  decsnaae  in  both  qoanthy  and 
Taloe  from  1888  to  1895,  bntainoe  then  theeahas  been 
a  steady  upward  movement  in  Talae^  althoggfr  in  1908 
the  quantity  of  the  caieh  Aawa  a  deenaae  Irom  the 
hi|^  fi^^uies  of  1904. 


■AUMK  n(MNN»  or  MCVK  OOMT  msas. 

^umtit^ 

Value. 

Qosntity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

»::::::::::::::::::::::;:::::::::::::::::;:::::;:; 

90,396,000 

107.309,000 
130,005,000 
86,996,000 

$3,343,000 
3,549,000 
3,505,000 
2,447,000 

9,211.000 
12,343.000 
7,283,000 
6.216,000 

$471,000 
456.000 
262,000 
154,000 

26.876,000 
26.714,000 
21,374,000 
36,426,000 

$1,301,000 

1,151,000 
830.000 
1,230,000 

54,312,000 
68.252,000 
101,348.000 
45,294,000 
16,830,000 

$1,571,000 
1.943.000 
2,413,000 
1,063,000 

The  Alaska  salmon  product  in  1908,  which  is  not 
included  in  the  above  presentation,  was  198,953,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $10,672,000.  This  was  practically 
ail  marketed  in  a  preserved  condition,  and  the  data 
timiar  wil  be  fosnd  in  Chapter  ym,  wbksh  relates 
to  the  pmAsm^  mad  etaukafi  eatabiidiminitB. 

Comparative  figures  for  the  sahnon  catch  of  Now 
aa  npoiied  for  fsiat  yean  are  as  fdloiiB: 


• 

aAUfcw  n 

3SSS. 

\oavct  or 
Vakw. 

19.000 

86,000 
53,000 
306,000 

$3,700 

20.000 
10,000 
^000 

1905  

1898  

PRODUCTS  OF  THfi  PEINCIPAL  FISHERIES  IN  DETAIL. 


71 


A  siunmary  of  the  statistics  for  the  total  salmon 
catch  of  the  United  States,  obtained  by  combining  the 
figures  for  the  Alaska  salmon  product  with  those  for  the 
salmon  product  of  continental  United  States,  is  given 
in  the  following  tabular  statement: 


SAunnr  yuouuct  or  oomtuikmtai.  vmm 

gULtta  AlfD  ALASKA:  1906. 


DIVLSION. 

Qaaattty. 

Vahw. 

Per  «'.nt 

Per  cent 

Poands. 

(iistri- 

Amount. 

distri- 

butiou. 

bution. 

United  Statas.  

100 

$14,018,000 

100 

289.351,000 

100 

14,015.000 

100 

196,953,000 

m,wm,m 

19,000 

69 
31 

(«) 

10,672,000 
3,343,000 

3,700 

76 
M 

(') 

The  distribution  of  the  catdi  of  salmon,  exclusive 
of  the  Alaska  prednet,  bjf  apparatua  of  oaptnre,  was 
aa  fdilows: 


n»  W  ARABAtm. 

aAUniT  IBODOCR  Ml. 

Quantity. 

VMkM. 

Per  cent 
distri- 
butioo. 

Amount. 

Percent 
distri- 
bution. 

00,417.000 

100 

$3,347,I)(H)  100 

46,219,000 
28,744,000 

13,290,000 
1,82,3.000 
342,000 

51 
32 
15 
2 

(») 

1,941,000 
882,000 
415,000 
1  97,000 
13,000 

68 
26 

12 

3 

(») 

"winter 
''white- 


>  Less  than  1  per  cent. 

Shad. — The  common  shad  (Alosa  sapidissima)  is 
found  on  all  the  coasts  of  the  United  States  and  in 
some  inland  waters,  the  most  important  shad  fisheries 
being  in  the  rivers  of  the  Atlantic  slope.  The  average 
wea^  is  about  4  poands  and  the  average  length 
about  2  feet. 

•ftie  names  "mud  shad,"  "gizzard  shad," 
shad,"  "stmk  shad,"  "hickory  shad,"  and 
eyed  shad."  are  applied  to  difTerent  species.  The 
menhaden  is  called  "hardhead  shad"  about  Cape  Ann, 
"bug-shad'^  in  Viiginia,  and  "yellow-tailed  diad" 
from  North  Gardina  to  Florida. 

Shad  was  fourth  in  value  among  the  fisheiy  products 
of  the  United  States  in  1908.  Among  fish  proper  it 
was  surpassed  in  value  only  by  salmon  and  cod,  while 
in  the  Atlantic  coast  fisheries,  cod  is  the  only  fish  for 
which  a  greater  value  was  reported.  Shad  is  indige- 
nous to  tile  rivoB  <^  the  Atlantic  coast,  and  the  tra^ 
planting  of  this  species  to  the  Fadfic  coast  was  among 
the  early  activities  of  the  United  States  Fish  Com- 
mission. The  extent  to  which  the  undertaking  suc- 
ceeded is  shown  in  the  tables  which  follow.  The 
catch  of  shad  in  1908  amounted  to  27,641,000  pounds, 
valued  at  $2,113,000,  or  4  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the 
entire  fidiery  product  and  7  per  cent  ci  the  YtlMe  of 


fish  proper.  Shad  was  reported  by  17  states,  includ- 
ing all  tiie  Padfie  coast  and  all  Atiantie  coast  atatair 
except  New  Hampahira.  The  atatisticB  <^  the  catch, 
by  states  ranked  according  to  the  value  of  their 
respective  products,  are  given  in  the  following  tabular 
statement: 


United 


Virginia  

Nortii  Carolina. 

Florida  

Maryland  

New  Jemj  

Georgia  

Delaware  

Maine  

Soutil  Carolina. 
Pennsylvauiu. . . 

New  York  

Connecticut  

California  

Massachusetts.. 

Oregon  

Washington.... 


Quantity.  . 

Value. 

Fereeat 

Panada. 

dtatff. 

buttoo. 

S7,6ll,fl00 

100 

•2,113.000 

100 

7,a4,000 

2ri 

■teti.OOO 

23 

3,942,000 

14 

373,000 

18 

2,836,000 

10 

320,000 

15 

3,937,000 

14 

247,000 

12 

3,004,000 

11 

229,000 

11 

1,333,000 

5 

190,000 

9 

870,000 

3 

68,000 

3 

770,000 

-  3 

42,000 

2 

464,000 

2 

41,000 

2 

593,000 

3 

38,000 

S 

300,000 

1 

27,000 

1 

122,000 

-  (>) 

18,000 

1 

1,160,000 

4 

12,000 

1 

389,000 

^  1 

12,000 

1 

431,000 

2 

8,000 

(') 

100,000 

1,900 

4,500 

-  « 

400 

The  first  five  states  reported  78  per  cent  of  tiie  total 
value  of  this  product.  In  all  of  these  states  shad 
ranked  high  in  importance  among  the  various  species 
taken.  In  North  Carolina  it  was  first  in  value;  in 
Virginia  second,  ranking  next  to  oysters;  in  Maryland 
third;  and  in  Florida  and  New  Jersey  fourth. 

The  distribution  of  the  shad  catch  of  1908,  by  divi- 
sions and  state  groups,  was  as  foUows: 


* 

Htawni  AKD  fllATB  QMOXJT. 

nuD  nooocx:  ms. 

ValM. 

POOBds. 

Percent 
distri- 
bution. 

Amount. 

Percent 
distri- 
butkn. 

27,641,000 

m 

$2,113,000 

100 

Atlantic  coast  division  

Middle  Atlantic  states  

South  Atlantic  states  

GolfofMeKloodlvWaa  

25,941.000 

94 

2,092,000  1  99 

16,079,000 
8,572,000 
1,286,000 

1,700,000 
S,«00 

58 
31 
5 

6 

(.) 

1,006,000 
923,000 
72,000 

22,000 
200 

53 
44 
S 

t 

(«) 

than  1  per  cent. 


«  Less  than  $100. 


The  quantity  and  value  of  tlie  shad  reported  for 
1908  and  earlier  years  are  given  in  the  following 

tabular  statement: 


SHAD  fBI 

VahM. 

27,641,000 
28,563,000 
49,787,000 
41,645,000 
35.737,000 
1^075,000 

32,113,000 
1,702,000 

1,520,000 

1,764.000 
1,672,000 
906,000 

FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908 


The  statistics  show  a  marked  decrease  in  quantity 
during  the  past  decade,  accompanied  by  an  increase 
ii  valML  Mar  to  1897,  both  qwntity  and  Tahie 
iMMnd  ataodily,  but  in  thst  jmt  an  unusoftilj  Inge 
catdi  demoralized  the  price  and  made  the  total  value 
much  lower  than  in  years  for  which  smaller  quantities 
were  reported.  Concerning  the  increase  in  the  shad 
product  during  these  earlier  years,  the  Report  of  the 
Commiasionttr  of  Fish  and  Fisheries  for  1898  (p.  104) 

Vbw  wm  •  itaewiB  in  flie  yield  In  nearly  every  ri^er  on  flie 

oaMi  until  1880,  when  the  results  of  artificial  propagation  hecame 
apparent.  •  •  •  Since  1880  the  aggregate  j-ield  has  greatly 
increased.  *  *  *  It  should  be  noted,  however,  that  this  largely 
imammi  jkM      fceea  tmuamftmatd  mad  wip— mil  ty  an 

iocrease  in  quantity  and  effectivene?p  of  the  apparatus  of  capture, 
hmt  it  was  made  possible  by  the  results  of  artificial  propagation. 

When  the  shad  fisheries  were  at  the  height  of  their 
activity,  they  employed  nearly  25,000  men  and  used 
apparatus  valued  at  over  $2,000,000. 

The  Middle  Atlantic  states  have  always  supplied  the 
pMter  proportioB  of  the  Aad  ptodnet,  their  ecwtri- 
hotkm  varying  from  mon  than  ooe^iatf  to  tine- 
faflhw  of  the  total;  and  the  South  Atlantic  states 
have  been  next  in  importance,  with  a  fraction  varying 
from  one-fifth  to  one-third.  In  the  New  England 
states  there  has  been  little  change  from  year  to  year. 

The  greater  part  of  the  shad  product  was  sold  fresh, 
atthomh  a  eoMidenUe  quantity  was  salted  by  the 
<^BBapeake  Bay  fishermen  and  also  by  the  fishMmen 
of  Maine  and  other  states.  Gill  nets  were  the  leading 
a^aratus  of  capture,  and  in  1908  took  a  quantity 
ie|Kesenting  61  per  cent  of  the  total  value.  Pound 
and  trap  nets,  used  in  the  large  estuaries,  contributed 
29  p«  cent  of  the  total  value,  while  ihe  catdi  with 
•SMMB  leptesnted  8  per  cent,  and  that  with  sD  other 
apparatus  2  p^  ecBt. 

Skrimf  and  prawn. — ^The  shrimp  is  a  decapod  crus- 
tacean found  in  large  numbers  on  all  our  coasts  and  in 
many  inland  waters.  The  usual  length  is  about  2 
inches,  but  some  attain  a  larger  size.  They  are  caught 
in  dip  nets,  purse  nets,  etc.,  and  are  used  for  food  and 
haft.  The  prawn  is  goMrally  laiger  than  the  shrimp, 
eUsB  hamg a kngtii<rf 7  inches. 

The  catch  of  shrimp  and  prawn  in  1908  was  19,080,- 
000  pounds,  valued  at  $494,000.  The  distribution,  by 
states  ranked  according  to  the  value  of  their  product, 
is  given  in  the  following  tabular  statement: 


Qnaotity. 

Value. 

Poands. 

Percent 
distribu- 
tion. 

Amount. 

Percent 
distribu- 
tion. 

Vidled  Stalaa.  

Louisiana  

Florida  

n,  on,  000 

100 

$4M,00O 

MO 

8,581,000 
4,353,000 

4,m,ooo 

208,000 
347,000 
838,000 
482,000 

3n,ooo 

118,000 
6,800 
87,000 
4,900 
1,500 
1,700 

4S 

33 
22 
1 
1 
S 
2 
2 

0) 
(') 
(') 

213,000 
02,000 
81,000 
31,000 
22,000 
19,000 
19,000 
0,000 
4,400 
1,800 
1,200 
1,000 

eoo 

M 

43 
19 
1ft 
6 
4 
4 
4 
2 
1 

1 

Califonua  

Texas  

New  York.  

The  prawn  catch  included  in  the  above  was  4,706,000 
pounds,  rallied  at  0104,000,  and  the  shrimp  eatdi 
14,374,000  pounds,  Tahied  ai  0390,000.  The  iai^ 
bvtion  of  the  pnisn  ptodoet^  by  siBiss,  was  as  foll^ 


8IAXB. 

Qi— lllj.  j 

Per  cent 
distribu- 
tion. 

P«r  cent 

d^ffi^ 

ViriMSMii.  

m 

8104,000 

lit 

4,152,000 
394,000 
160,000 

88 
8 

84,000 
13,000 
7,800 

81 
12 
7 

By  a  subtraction  of  the  foregoing  figures  from  those 
presented  for  the  same  states  in  the  tabular  statement 
preceding,  figoies  for  the  shrimp  catch  of  these  states 
are  found  to  be  as  fdkuws:  Florida,  202,000  poands^ 
valued  at  $7,400;  Georgia,  134,000  pounds,  valued  at 
$6,700;  and  South  Carolina,  291,000  pounds,  valued  at 
$12,000.  In  all  the  remaining  states  the  total  catch 
was  composed  of  shrimp. 

The  bulk  of  the  shrimp  and  prawn  product  came 
from  the  warm  southem  waters,  and  by  far  the  largest 
portiaii  from  Lomuna.  Ik  both  Louisiana  and  !£»> 
sissi]^  shrimp  and  prawn  ranked  nsart  lo  eystts  TOk 
value  among  the  fishery  products. 

The  distribution  of  the  shrimp  and  prawn  catch,  by 
divisions,  is  shown  by  the  following  tabular  statement: 


PRODUCTS  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  FISHERIES  IN  DETAIL. 


78 


•oBiir  AXD  isawM  mwocR  im. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Per  cent 
distribu- 

AUHNUIt. 

Percent 
distrlbn- 

Xioa.. 

Tottf  

Pacific  coa.st  division  

10,080,000 

100 

8404,000 

100 

12,5<il,000 
5, 708,000 
504.000 
306,000 

66 
30 
3 
2 

271,000 

142,000 

63.000 
1  28,000 

55 
29 
11 
6 

In  1880  the  shrimp  and  prawn  product  was  3,214,000 

pounds,  valued  at  $209,000;  but  in  1888  the  product 
from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the  Pacific  coast  divi- 
sions combined  amounted  to  13,398,000  pounds,  which 
is  slightly  in  excess  of  the  output  of  these  two  divisions 
in  1908.  The  price  in  1888  was  considerably  lower 
than  at  present,  for  the  yalue  of  the  product  of  that 
year  was  $277,000,  compared  with  $324,000  reported 
from  the  same  divisions  in  1908.  Statistics  of  the 
product  for  the  entire  United  States  are  not  available 
for  any  one  year  prior  to  1908,  but  comparative  data 
are  presented  for  the  several  divisions  for  various 
years  in  the  following  tabular  statement: 


SHRIMP  AND  PKAWK 
FKOOUCT. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Ootf «(  Maadeo  dhrMoB: 

12, 561,000 
12.367.000 
6,791,000 
7,451,000 

%,m,m 

5,706,000 
3,825,000 
756,000 

504,000 
2,262,000 
4,067,000 
5,461,000 
5,315,000 
4,907,000 

306,000 
200,000 
91,000 

$271,000 
199,000 
117,000 
109,000 
186,000 

ICOOO 
91,000 

38,000 

53,000 
98,000 
113,000 
165,000 
242,000 
142,000 

28,000 
16,000 
5,600 

Atlantic  coast  diviskm: 
1906 

PaoifloeowtdivWeB: 

1908  

1904  

1899  

1888 

1899  

1804  

In  the  Gulf  of  Mezieo  division  a  considerable  por- 
ticm  €i  the  catch  is  consumed  by  the  canners  and 

packers.  In  1908,  3,269,000  pounds  were  canned, 
342,000  pounds  dried,  and  79,000  pounds  pickled.  On 
the  Pacific  coast,  in  the  flourishing  da3'^s  of  the  shrimp 
industry,  the  entire  catch  was  taken  by  Chinese,  and 
large  quantities  of  dried  dirimp  were  eiqx>rted  to 
China.  The  assiduity  of  the  &lienii«i  oi  this  raee  is 
held  responsible  for  the  great  deoeaae  in  ^  PaeiBc 
coast  product  noted  above. 

The  bulk  of  the  catch  was  made  by  shore  and  boat 
fisheries,  except  in  Mississippi,  where  vessel  fisheries 
took  over  80  per  cent  of  the  product.  Seines  took  more 
than  90  per  cent  of  the  catch,  while  9  per  cent  of  the 
total  quantity  was  takra  with  other  nets  and  less 
than  1  per  ceut  with  beam  trawls  and  pots  and  traps. 


Skins. — The  fur  skins  reported  in  connection  with 
the  census  of  fislieries  are  those  of  the  niuskrat,  mink, 
and  otter.  Although  the  value  of  such  products  is  not 
large,  compared  with  that  of  most  of  the  distinctively 
fishery  products,  yet  these  industries  gire  employ- 
ment to  a  large  number  men  and  are  of  considerate 
local  importance.  The  aggr^;ate  value  of  the  skins 
of  tliese  aquatic  fur  mammals  reported  was  S2,5.5,00fl. 
of  which  muskrats  contributed  SI 36,000,  or  53  per 
cent;  mink  $89,000,  or  35  per  cent;  and  otter  $30,000, 
or  12  per  cent. 

The  value  of  fur  skins  reported  is  given,  by  states,  in 
the  fdUowing  tabular  t^t^bemtsAti 


TAum  or  m  wamt  1MB. 


ToUL 

Ottar. 

United  SUilH.  

$255,000 

$136,000 

889,000 

$30,000 

98,000 
50.000 
24,000 
21,000 
20,000 
15,000 
14,000 
3,600 
2.300 
2,300 

\,m 

16,000 
50.000 
24,000 

77,000 

4,700 
0) 

Florida  

21,«08 

minote.  

14,000 
12,000 
14,000 

6,000 
3,100 
400 

0) 

OJiio  

3,600 

2,300 
1,200 
888 
800 
1,101 

1,100 

m 
m 

North  CwoOn*.  

MO 

An«ttMrttate8>  

MB 

iLeaiaian$ioo. 

'Includes  Wisconsin,  MictiiRan,  Virginia,  Arlcansas,  New  Yorlc,  and  Texas. 


The  trapping  of  muskrats  was  reported  in  14  states, 
and  the  number  and  value  of  the  skins  taken  were  as 
follows : 


mmu*  msmr.  vm. 

Qnaottty. 

Value. 

Per  cent 

Per  pent 

Number. 

distribu-  i 

Amount. 

distri  bu- 

tion. 

tton. 

United  States.  

457,000 

100 

8188,000 

188 

115,000 

25 

.50.  (KX) 

37 

76,000 

17 

>  24.000 

18 

119,000 

20 

Ki.flOO 

12 

50,000 

11 

14,000 

10 

Olilo  

41,880 

9 

14.000 

10 

38,008 

8 

12.000 

• 

9.100 

8 

2.300 

2 

5.000 

1 

1,200 

1 

11,000 

3 

2,000 

3 

'Intdndea 88,800,  the  vatoeotlMLOge  poands  aCiuuikuaaieat. 

•  iBCiuoM Mwiu  uaminia, lows,  wisoonsm,  Kicni^an,  Virginia, ■na  mw  zone. 


More  than  one-half  of  the  value  reported  repre- 
sented the  product  of  the  contiguous  states  Delsr 
ware  and  Maryland.   Althou^  muskrats  are  trapped 

for  the  skins  primarily,  the  meat  also  is  marketed  to  a 
considerable  extent.  The  sale  of  110,000  pounds  of 
muskrat  meat  was  reported]from  Delaware,  the  value  of 
which,  $3,800,  has  been  included  in  the  foregoing 
statement. 

While  ten  states  reported  the  trapping  of  mink, 
ahnost  eight-nintlu  of  the  product  was  frran  Lowirfana, 
as  diown  by  the  following  tabular  stat^nent: 


74 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


mm  aiim:  IMS. 

Number. 

Value. 

45,000 

-  Me,ooo 

30,000 
8,  MO 
MO 

77,000 
6,000 

a,  100 
i,im 

ths  ffodnet  of  oltar Bt«l4»,  was  as  foOoira: 

NmnlMr. 

VakM. 

3.S0O 

$30,000 

2,900 
(lOO 
400 

(') 

21,000 
4.700 
3.  GOO 
300 

•SSSSJLuw  sIOm?'*'*'*  WmtKUl,  viqiM^  Mi  Mmj^mA. 


Snappers  (Lutianidse) . — Tlie  red  snapper  (Lutianus 
ayfl\  which  is  the  most  important  of  the  snappers, 
is  a  large  fish,  bright  red  in  color,  and  is  found  from 
Long  Island  soathward,  but  in  greatest  abundance 
■loaglkseoMtacf  ili»€hdf  sUloB.  Hie  gray  snspper, 
or  iMiig,ritifi  mmppm,  aim  known  in  Fkrid*  as 
*'hsmj€tf**  is  s  eomnsm  species.  The  mutton  snapper, 
dbg  snapper,  or  jocu,  the  schoolmaster,  or  caji,  the 
ilk  snapper,  and  the  lane  snapper  are  all  fishes  of  food 
mdue  common  in  the  West  Indies  and  southern  Florida. 

The  name  is  locally  applied  to  other  kinds  of  fish, 
n*  red  grouper  is  called  "Imnm  snapper"  and  "led- 
bdbd  mmppmt"  in  Florida.  The  losifish  is  called 
*^Diapper''  on  the  North  Atlantic  coast;  the  bluefish 
is  called  "snapper"  and  "blue  snapper"  on  the  New 
England  coast:  and  the  cod  that  live  near  the  shore 
awav"  from  the  ledges  are  called  "black  snappers." 

The  statistics  of  the  catch  of  snappeni  as  reported 
ii  li88  are  given  bk  the  ftoHowing  tabular  statemnt: 


Quantity. 

Value. 

Per  cent 
distribu- 

Amount. 

Percent 
distribu- 

tiOB. 

13.8*4.000 

100 

$651,000 

m 

8,061,000 
2,635,000 

2,252.000 
880,000 

i4,ora 
n.Mi 

5S 
19 
16 
6 

448,000 
92,000 
79,000 
30,000 
400 

m 

14 

12 
5 

The  red-snapper  product  of  Florida,  Alabama,  and 
Texas  contributed  over  98  per  c^t  of  the  total  value 
el  tlM  SBSppcrs  caogjit  in  these  states.  The  catch  in 
1km  ottHT  ilttai  witii|iriwwl  13,000  povuids,  Tsloed  at 


$300,  from  North  Carohna,  and  IfiOO  poilBd%  Tallied 

at  $30,  from  South  Carolina. 

Comparative  statistics  of  the  entire  snapper  product 
for  1908  and  former  years,  so  far  as  data  are  available, 
are  given  in  the  following  tabular  statoneni: 


imaa. 

guantit^ 

ValM. 

1908  

13,854,000 

14,165,000 
6,313,000 

$651,000 

430,000 
206,000 
103,000 

The  statistics  for  1902  show  13,764,000  pounds  of 
red  snappers,  valued  at  $418,000,  and  401,000  pounds 
of  all  other  snappers,  valued  at  $11,000.  In  reports 
prior  to  1902  no  division  is  shown,  and  all  snappers 
except  the  red  were  probably  included  under  the  head 
of  misoellaiieoiM  fiah. 

The  etaet  fiahii^  ground  is  off  the  west  coast  ol 
Florida.  As  these  fish  habitually  feed  along  the 
ground  in  from  10  to  40  fathoms  of  water,  lines  asa 
the  only  form  of  apparatus  used  in  their  capture. 

Sponge. — The  sponge  which  is  of  commercial  value 
is  found  off  the  west  coast  of  Florida,  and  the  sta- 
tirtics  in  regard  thoeto  are  given  in  comieeticni  with 
those  for  the  Jkrida  fisheries  <»i  pages  103  and  104 
of  this  report.  The  Talne  of  the  apenea  catdh  m  lt08 
was  $545,000. 

Squeteague. — ^The  common  weakfish,  or  squeteague 
(Cynoscion  regalis),  is  found  in  abundance  along  the 
Atlantic  coast  from  Cape  Cod  to  Florida.  It  is  known 
as  "drummer''  about  Cape  Cod;  "yellowfin"  about 
Bussaids  Bay;  "weakfish"  in  New  Toik  and  New 
Jersey;  "Unefish"  in  Delaware  and  Virginia;  ''gray 
trout,"  "sun  trout,"  "shad  trout,"  "sea  trout,"  and 
"salt-water  trout"  in  the  Middle  and  South  Atlantic 
states;  and  "squeteague,"  "squit,"  "chickwit,"  etc., in 
various  places.  It  averages  about  2  J  pounds  in  weight, 
but  some  individuals  attun  a  weight  of  30  pounds. 
The  spotted  squeteague  (C,  ntMcmu)  is  found  from 
New  Jmej  to  Texas,  and  is  somewhat  larger  than 
the  other  species.  The  California  "bluefish"  (O. 
parvipinnis)  and  the  great  "white  sea  bass"  of  CaJft- 
fomia  (C.  nobilis)  are  other  species  of  weakfish. 

In  1908  squeteague  were  taken  in  all  the  Atlantic 
coast  states  south  of  Massachusetts,  in  all  the  Gidf 
states,  and  in  Cafiforaia  on  the  Piieifie  coast;  bat 
almost  mie4hird  of  the  catch  was  made  off  the  New 
Jersey  shores  and  along  Delaware  Bay.  The  entire 
product  amounted  to  49,869,000  pounds,  and  was 
valued  at  $1,776,000.  Squeteague  ranked  seventh  in 
value  among  all  fishery  products.  Nearly  the  entire 
amount  was  sold  fresh,  the  small  quantities  salted  in 
North  Carafina  and  Florida  amounting  to  lees  than  1 
per  etttt  of  the  total  prodoet.  Th»lofiemgtabidir 


PRODUCTS  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  FISHERIES  IN  DETAIL. 


7S 


statement  shows  the  statistics  of  the  catch,  by  states 
ranked  according  to  the  value  of  their  product: 


United  States. 


New  York  

New  Jenwjr  

North  CBraOM.. 

Florida  

VirRinia  

Louisiana  

Rhode  Island. . . 
Massachusetts. . 

Maryland.  

Texas.  

CaUfomia  

Delaware  

Mississippi  

Georgia  

Alabama.  

Sooth  Carolina.. 
Ooaneetknt. — 
PiauMylvuia... 


SQUETEAOUB  ntODUCT:  1MB. 


Qnoiiat^* 


Pounds. 


49,869,000 


n, 
11, 

4, 
4, 
4, 
1, 
2, 
1, 
1, 
1, 
1. 
2, 


151,000 
814,000 
635,000 
864,000 
491, 0(M) 
103,000 
427,000 
971,000 
191,000 
055,000 
337,000 
590,000 
617,000 
140,000 
208,000 
183,000 
180,000 
12,000 


Per  cent 
distribu- 
tioo. 


100 

~B 
24 
9 
10 
9 
2 
6 
4 
2 
2 
3 
fi 
1 


Valne. 


Amoant. 


i 


$1,776,000 

461,000 

342,000 
206,000 
196,000 
139,000 
82,000 
72.000 
68,000 
47,000 
46,000 
42,000 
29,000 
28,000 
12,000 
10,000 
8,700 
6,800 

aoo 


Per  cent 
dlstribu- 


8 


100 

"25 

19 
12 
11 
8 
5 
4 
3 
3 
3 
2 
2 
2 
1 
1 


Comparatiye  figures  for  those  years  for  idiidii  sta- 
iStif&m  an  avaikUe  are  giyen  in  the  following  tabukr 
It: 


nuB. 

fWMWOC. 

Quantity 
(pomda). 

Vahw. 

igOg   

49,869,000 
43.510,000 
31,971,000 
13.044,000 

$1,776,000 
1,242,000 
733,000 
438,000 

1902-1904  

Both  the  quantity  and  the  value  have  increased  since 
1888-89,  but  except  during  the  period  from  1888-89  to 
1895-1898  the  rate  of  increase  has  been  greater  for  the 
value  than  for  the  quantity. 

Squeteague  fishing  begins  in  the  latter  part  of  April/ 
and  Usts  from  six  to  eight  wedcs,  untU  the  schools) 
begin  to  move  off  into  deeper  and  coolw  waters.^' 
Neaiijr  one-half  of  the  entire  catch  in  1908  was  made' 
in  pound  nets,  trap  nets,  and  weirs,  and  one-third  in 
seines.  Tlie  following  tabular  statement  gives  the  sta- 
tistics of  the  catch,  by  apparatus  of  capture,  for  1908: 


BODcnAous  rodvct:  IMS. 


Qnaatity. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Per  cent 
distri- 
bottan. 

Amount. 

Percent 
distri- 
botioo. 

49,800,000 

100 

Sl,77»,000 

100 

PDtmd  aata,  ti^p  Beta,  nri  train. .. . 

24, 135.000 
16,573,000 
6,000.000 
2,038,000 

i,ui,m 

4,S 
33 

H07,000 
581,000 

45 

33 

12 

249,000 

14 

4 

94,000 
4B»«S 

5 

3 

S 

Sturgeons  {Adpenseridx). — Sturgeons  are  found  on 
the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  coasts  and  in  many  inland 
waters.  The  various  species  are  known  as  "lake  stur- 
geon," "white  sturgeon,"  "sho^efaiose,"  etc.  The 
Atlantic  stui^eon  attains  a  length  of  from  5  to  12 
feet  and  a  weight  of  from  400  to  500  pounds.  They 
are  sold  fresh,  pickled,  and  smoked,  for  food;  caviar 
is  manufactured  from  their  eggs;  the  skin  is  made 
into  leather;  and  the  sounds  are  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  glue  and  isin^ass.  A  raluable  oil  is  some- 
times obtained  from  the  parts  not  med  for  food,  aad 
the  refuse  is  used  for  fertilizing  purposes. 

These  fishes  were  taken  in  31  states  and  with  the  pos- 
sible exception  of  catfisli  and  carp  were  the  most  widely 
distributed  fishes  reported.  The  aggregate  catch  was 
2,072,000  pounds,  valued  at  $157,000.  To  these  fig- 
ures should  be  added  those  for  the  sturgeon  caTiar 
product  Ti^idi  was  reported  sq[Murately  and  has  beoi 
included  in  the  statistics  of  caviar.  The  sturgecm 
caviar  product  was,  in  many  cases,  reported  in  con- 
junction with  paddlefish  eggs  or  caviar.  For  tliis 
reason  the  sturgeon  caviar  can  not,  in  all  cases,  be  seg- 
regated from  that  of  the  paddlefish.  The  paddlefish 
iPolyodon  spaihula),  locally  known  as  "spoonbill," 
"ducklnU  cat,"  and  "shovelfish,"  is  found  in  aU  the 
larger  streams  of  the  lifississippi  Valley.  It  is  a  poor 
food  fish,  although  the  roe  is  used  extensively  for 
caviar.  The  production  of  sturgeon  and  paddlefish 
caviar  was  79,000  pounds,  valued  at  879,000,  of  which 
69,000  pounds,  valued  at  $70,000,  was  from  states  re- 
porting a  catch  of  sturgeon  and  comprised,  in  the 
main,  sturgeon  caviar.  The  following  tabular  state- 
ment gives  the  statistics  of  the  sturgeon  catdi  by  states 
and  of  the  caviar  product  for  the  same  states,  which 
are  ranked  according  to  the  combined  value  of  these 
products: 


Unttwl 


Virginia  

New  Jersey  

New  York  

lowa  

Maryland  

liloneaote  

Wiaoon^  

Michigan  

Illinob  

Indiana  

Delaware  

Georgia  

Oregm  

North  Caralioa. 

Washington  

Florida  

Missouri  

Pennsylvania... 
Kentucky  


anmoMW  AMD  cams 


Total 
value. 


S228,000 


AU  other  states*. 


49,000 
23,000 
23,000 
16,000 
16,000 
11,000 
8,800 
8,000 
7,300 
7,200 
7,100 
7,000 
6,800 
6,400 
6,000 
5.300 
5,100 
4,300 
2,400 
I.MO 

s,soo 


sturgeon. 


2,072,000 


183,000 
132.000 
105,000 
215,000 

37,000 
164,000 
112,000 

57,000 
178,000 

52,000 

SliOOO 
100,000 
114,000 

62,000 
185.000 

(i2,000 
132,000 

16,000 

60,000 
8,200 

87,000 


Value. 


S1S7,000 


22,000 
13,000 
Hi,  000 
11.000 
5,000 
11,000 
8,200 
7,100 
6,S00 
6,800 
3.200 
7,000 
6,800 
6,400 
6,000 
6,000 
6,000 
3,700 
2,400 
1,000 
3,800 


BtatetoacmrtatA 


Quantity 
(pounds). 

VilM. 

09,000 

170,000 

22.000 
9.700 
K.lOO 
S.fiOO 
8,100 
100 
900 
1,2W 

i,aoo 

300 

3,100 

27,0W 
10,000 

7.500 
5.300 
11,000 
100 

aoo 

MO 

no 

400 

3.900 

200 

300 

500 

aoo 

100 

500 

ioo 

1  4,300 

m 

l.TM 

'  A  small  quantity  of  caviar  from  species  other  than  stur^'don  may  be  included. 
•  Includes  ralifonuu,  N't  lir.iskn,()tiio.  Alabama,  Arkansiis, 
Massachusetts,  South  Dakota,  Tennessee,  and  West  Virginia. 


76 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


Hkb  foAowiog  tebriv  sUtemmt,  giymg  the  distri- 
bution of  the  sturgeon  catch  by  geographic  divisions, 
shows  that  in  quantity  the  product  of  the  fisheries  of 
the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries  ranked  first  in 
190$.  while  the  catch  of  the  Atlantic  coast  fisheries, 
more  particukriy  that  of  the  Ifiddle  Atlantif,  states, 
wm  of  the  greatest  iralne. 


Per  cent 

distribu- 

2,072,000 

100 

•mm 

44 

Middle  Atlantic  states  

4is.aoo 

20 

49.000 

31 

217,000 
H«» 

10 
1 

18,000 
1,1W 

11 
1 

845.000 

41 

39,000 

24 

«Mt  Lakes  diviskm.   

262.000 

13 

36,000 

23 

U,000 

» 

nt 

1 

\  are  aoi  available  for  the  country  as  a  wliole 
for  a  series  of  yean,  but  figures  for  the  various  geo- 
paphk  dmsMM  and  giwiM  of  states  ai»  as  foUows: 


14,000 

21.000 
18,000 
21,000 


418,000 
•77,000 


217.000 
218,000 

no,  000 
4n,ooo 

7.200 
467,000 


902,000 
(19,000 
1,002,000 
1,427,000 
2,700,000 

845,000 
•40,000 

2,250,000 

309.000 

LIS.  000 

3,140.000 

s,77^on 


Valae. 


S1.500 

1,600 
1,300 
800 


40,000 
42,000 

S^oS 

18,000 
11,000 
25,000 
10,000 

700 
14,000 

i>8n 

30,000 
40,000 

51,000 
50.000 
106,000 

39.000 
27.000 
63,000 

13:000 

4,300 
15.000 
80,000 
M,OW 


The  following  tabular  statement,  which  shows  the 
distribution  of  the  catch  by  apparatus  of  capture, 
indicates  that  various  appliances  were  used  in  taking 
the  product: 


=saaa 

STVBOKON  pbodoct:  1906. 

QnaDtity. 

Vatae. 

Fonnda. 

Percent 
dMribu- 

tlOD. 

Amount. 

Percent 
diatoUw*' 

omnali  

Pound— li^ti^arti,iJ  wtln. . . . 

2,072,000 

100 

$157,000 

100 

775,000 

344.000 
327.000 
187.000 
336,000 
103,000 

37 
17 
16 

9 
16 

6 

60,000 

32,000 
18,000 
17,000 
16,000 
4,000 

44 

20 
11 
11 
10 
S 

Lines  

Whale  products. — ^The  value  of  the  whale  products 
reported  amounted  to  $497,000.  These  products 
oonsiBted  of  63,000  pounds  of  whalebone,  valued  al 

$215,000,  and  529,000  gallons  of  oil,  valued  at  $282«000. 
Of  the  latter,  452,000  gallons,  valued  at  $252,000,  was 
sperm  oil,  and  76,000  gallons,  valued  at  $30,000,  whale 
oil.  In  1908  the  entire  amount  from  the  Pacific  coast 
was  reported  from  the  whaling  fleet  sailing  from  San 
Fnuieisoo,  althou^  in  yean  past  a  amall  amount  of 
nhale  products  has  been  rqKxrted  from  Washh^ton. 
The  home  port  of  the  Atlantic  whaling  fleet,  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  vessels  from  Provincetown,  is  New 
Bedford,  Mass.  In  1008  nine  whales  were  stranded  on 
Ponce  Park  Beach,  Fla.,  from  which  the  oil  was  ex- 
tracted; one  was  caught  off  Cape  Lookout,  N.  C;  and 
a  number  irere  takm  by  two  vfusalB  tmSBs^  from 
Connecticut  ports. 

In  the  following  tabular  statement,  which  shows 
the  quantity  and  value  of  whale  products  in  1908,  the 
figures  for  Florida,  North  Carolina,  and  Connecticut 
are  combined  under  the  head  "All  other  states:" 


WHALE  FBODUCTS:  1908. 


DIVISION  AND 
STATE. 

Total 

1  WMaaS. 

Quan- 
tity 

Quan- 
tity 

(gal- 
Ions). 

Vte. 

Amount. 

Per 
cent 
distri- 

btttiOD. 

Amoont. 

Per 
cent 
dlstri- 
botton. 

United  StatM.. 

Atlantic  coast  diyl- 

0497,000 

02,000 

1215,000 

HO 

530,000 

1382,000 

MO 

365.000 
136.000 
30,000 

m,ooo 

31,000 
30,000 
1,900 

»,000 

97,000 
89.000 
7,600 

119,000 

45 
41 
4 

M 

504,000 
462.000 
42,000 

.., 

5  8§i 

95 
88 
8 

f 

Massachusetts . 
All  other  states 
Paetta  emit  divl- 

No  statasties  are  available  for  Uie  eountiy  as  a  wIk^ 

between  1888  and  1908,  but  by  combining  the  Pacific 
coast  statistics  for  1899  with  those  of  the  New  England 
states  for  1898,  and  making  a  similar  combination  for 
1904  and  1905,  comparative  data  are  secured  sufficient 
to  indicate  the  general  trend  of  the  whaling  industry. 


FBODUCTS  OF  THE  P&INCIPAL  FISHERIES  IN  DETAIL, 


77 


The  following  statement  giving  the  value  of  the  whale 
products  for  specified  yean  shows  that  there  has  besn 
a  gradual  decGne: 

1M8   $4»7,000 

1904-5  ,   873,000 

1898-99    722, 000 

1889   1,404,000 

1888   1,065,000 

1880   2,324,000 

For  the  Pacific  coast  states  the  period  from  1890- 
1892  was  the  high-water  mark  of  the  whale  fisheries. 
The  statistics  for  the  Pacific  whaling  fleet  for  certain 
years  from  1880  to  1908  are  given  in  the  following 
tabular  statement: 


YEAB. 


1908. 
1004. 
1890. 

1895. 
1892. 
1891. 
1890. 
1880. 


VBAU  nODTON  TAKEN  BT  PACDIC  ItSBt. 


Total 
value. 


$132,000 
434,000 
457,000 
307,000 
999,000 
1,190,000 
786,000 
582,000 
691,000 
202,000 


Wbalebane. 


Quantity 
(poDiids). 


32,000 

95,000 
207,000 

99,000 
197,000 
224,000 
170,000 
120,000 
197,000 

(') 


Value. 


$119,000 
415,000 
436,000 
287,000 
937,000 
1,119,000 
680,000 
520,000 
586,000 
(») 


Whale  oiL 


(fritont] 


24,000 
43,000 
70,000 

73,000 
210,000 
235,000 
298,000 
201,000 
292,000 

(•) 


VakM. 


013,000 
18,000 
20,000 
20,000 
62,000 
71,000 

106,000 
62,000 

105,000 
(•) 


>  Not  reported.  »  Not  reported  separately. 

The  comparative  statistics  of  the  catch  of  the 
Atlantic  fleet  are  as  follows: 


Wtaalebrae. 

Whale  OiL 

.  (pmaids). 

Value. 

Qnoititor 
(gaDons). 

VahM. 

1902  

$.365,000 
440,000 
383,000 
265,000 
821,000 
680,000 
1,034,000 
2,132,000 

31,000 
56,000 
19,000 
27,000 
08,000 
125,000 
223,000 
(>) 

$97,000 

19.3,000 
90,000 
66,000 
320,000 
341,000 
569,000 
(«> 

501,000 
524,000 
685,000 
416,000 
864,000 
646,000 
930,000 
(') 

$269,000 
247,000 
293,000 
199,000 
501,000 
339,000 
4<'>5,000 
(*) 

The  average  value  per  gallon  of  the  product  <^  whale 
oil  in  1908,  on  both  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  coasts,  was 
the  highest  reported  at  any  time.  Sperm  oil  con- 
tributed the  greater  portion  of  the  value  reported  for 
whale  oil,  and  in  1908  was  valued  at  50  per  cent  more 
a  gallon  than  other  kinds  of  whale  oil.  It  is  derived 
exclusively  from  the  sperm  whide  and  is  used  dhiefly 
as  a  lubricator.  In  previous  r^rts  speim  dl  was  not 
segregated  from  other  lands  of  whale  oil. 

Whalebone,  or  baleen,  is  chiefly  used  by  whip  mak- 
ers, dressmakers,  and  corset  manufacturers.  It  varies 
in  color  and  fineness  and  is  received  from  the  vessels 
in  lengths  var3ring  from  1  to  15  feet. 

Ambergris,  another  product  ci  the  irfule,  iriiile  very 
vahiable  in  the  prtparatkm  of  fine  perfumery,  is  a  vary 
uncertain  product.  It  is  sometimes  found  floato^ 
out  at  aea  and  sometimes  along  the  shore*  None 


reported  in  1908.  In  1905,  94  pounds,  valued  at 
117,000,  were  reported  from  Mimachiisetfo,  and  in 
1889,  37  pounds,  valued  at  $7,750.   In  1878  a  vessel 

of  New  Bedford  reported  136  pounds  that  sold  for 
$23,000,  and  in  1858  another  New  Bedford  vessel 
secured  600  pounds  of  ambergris,  valued  at  SI 0,500. 
The  total  (juantity  reported  by  the  American  whaling 
fleet  from  1836  to  1880  was  1,668  pounds. 

WhdUfisk  (Ooregoima). — Whitefidies  are  among  the 
most  import  uit  fresh-water  fishes  ot  America.  The 
common  whitefish  (C.  clupeaformis)  is  the  most  valuable 
species  of  all,  although  the  others  are  highly  esteemed 
as  food.  It  is  found  in  the  Great  Lakes  region  and  is 
known  as  "humpback,"  "bowback, "  and  "highback" 
whitefish;  it  is  known  also  as  ''Otsego  bass"  in  the 
neighboihood  of  Otsego  Lake,  N.  Y.  Other  species  of 
economic  importance  are  the  Rotky  Ifountain  iriiite- 
fish  (C.  vnUiamsoni)  and  the  Menominee  whitefish  (C. 
quddrilateralis) ,  also  known  locally  as  "round  white- 
fish,"  "frostfish,"  "shadwaiter,"  " pilot  fish, "  "chivey," 
"blackback,"  etc.  Coregonus  aUnu  is  the  common 
whitefish  of  Lake  Erie. 

There  are  induded  undor  this  name  the  Uuefin 
(LeueuMkya  nigripinnia)  and  the  longjaw  (L.  praf- 
nathus),  commercially  classed  with  the  whitefishes, 
although  they  belong  to  the  same  geiios  m  the  laka 
herring. 

The  name  is  locally  applied  to  the  bluefish  on  the 
Hudson;  to  the  menhaden  in  western  Connecticut;  to 
the  tikfidi  in  Cdifomia;  and  to  the  beluga  by  whalen. 

The  whitefish  catdi  is  oinifined  to  the  Great  Laloes, 
Lake  of  the  Woods,  and  Kainy  Lalrn.  In  value  it 
ranked  fourth  among  the  fishery  products  in  those 
waters  with  a  catch  in  1908  valued  at  S524,000,  which 
is  less  than  1  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  United 
States  fisher}^  product,  but  14  per  cent  of  the  value  of 
the  product  oi  the  Great  Lakes.  Every  state  b(»dei)^ 
ing  on  the  Great  Lakes  shared  in  the  catdi  <^  iHiit»> 
fish,  but  near!}'  two-thirds  of  the  total  value  was  con- 
tributed by  the  fish  reported  from  Michigan.  In  that 
state  whitefish  ranked  second  in  value,  r^kresenting 
23  per  cent  of  the  total  value. 

The  distribution  of  the  catch,  by  states  ranked 
according  to  the  value  oi  their  product,  is  given  in  the 
following  tabuUu'  statemoxt: 


Qnaal 

VaftM. 

Am. 

Percent  | 

Per  cent 

Paonds. 

distribu- 1 

Amount. 

distribu- 

tion. 

tion. 

Uflited  StalM.  

> 

7,722.000 

100 

$524,000 

100 

4,772.000 

62 

339, 000 

C5 

Ohio  

732,000 

9 

60,000 

11 

1,274,000 

17 

56,000 

11 

455,000 

0 

87,000 

7 

New  Yoric  

179,000 

2 

15,000 

8 

242,000 

3 

11,000 

a 

52,000 

5,000 

1 

nuaois.  

14,000 

■"'1 

800 

FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNHED  STATES,  1908. 


18 

In  addition  to  the  whitefish  product  included  in  the 
above  ■tatcami,  than  w&n  npoiied  2,900  pomcb  of 
mwmr  prepared  bom  whHMk  loe^  Tahwd  at  9X0, 

which  are  included  in  the  statistics  for  camat. 

The  diirtrihwtifla  altlw  catch  by  fishing  grooiidawaa 
as  follows: 


VdM. 

Per  cent 

Per  cent 

Pounds. 

di^bu- 

Amount. 

^tribu- 

7,722.000 

100 

SS24,000 

100 

LakelOAIpB  

3.55.J.000 

46 

241.000 

46 

UtoBito.  

1,504.000 

19 

122.000 

23 

1.469.000 

19 

91.000 

17 

1,140,000 

15 

65.000 

12 

• 

1 

*  SKlodM  Lske  St.  Clair. 


Neariv  all  the  whitefish  product  was  marketed  fresh, 
hat  342,000  pounds,  valued  at  $17,000,  were  reported 
ariled  awl  15,000  pounds,  Tahiad  at  $1,300,  were 
aaafced.  Tlie  eonlined  rahie  of  the  salted  and 
amoked  product  fotmed  obSj  3  per  cent  d  Hie  total 
value  of  the  catch. 

Although  in  some  cases  the  returns  specified  the 
aUied  varieties  as  Menominee,  longjaw,  etc.,  in  the 
flu^oritj  of  cases  the  catch  was  reported  as  whitefish 
wittoot  segr^tion,  aotd  lienoe,  the  returns  can  not 
ha  depended  upcm  as  showing  the  entire  catdi  of 
wpedRc  varieties.  For  5,680,000  pounds  of  whitefish, 
value<l  at  $447,000,  or  85  per  cent  of  the  total  value, 
the  variety  was  specified. 

The  catches  of  the  longjaw,  bluefin,  and  Menominee 
whitefiahes  reported  separately  (chiefly  from  Michigan 
ami  Wme&mim,  with  small  quantities  from  Ifinnesota 
aai  ISmm),  warn  as  fonows: 


Longjaw. 

Vaint. 

VahM. 

Qoaatlty 
(pounds). 

ValM. 

United  States 

minois  

Michigan  

1,028,000 

S39,000 

712,000 

129,000 

302,000 

$9,600 

1,100 
870,000 
35,000 

m,ooo 

(') 
36,000 
700 
2,300 

200 

(0  1 

300 
149,000 
1,000 
151,000 

(') 

6,200 
100 
3,400 

Minnesota  

WJaooosin.  

1,400 

no,ooo 

The  yield  of  whitefish  in  1908  shows  a  continuation 
of  the  reooveiy  shown  in  1903  from  the  downward 
moveimlkt  which  had  cufanlnated  in  1899,  yet  the 

catch  was  little  more  than  one-third  as  heavy  as  in 
1880.  The  statistics  for  those  years  for  which  fig- 
ures are  available  are  given  in  the  following  tabular 
statement: 


TKAK. 

miTEriSH  PKODUCT. 

QCWBtitT 

(pemm). 

VakM. 

1908  :  

7,722,000 
7,520,000 
6,682,952 
10,327,000 
15,326,000 

ai,«4,00B 

$524,000 
338,000 
339,000 
394,000 
692,000 

U 

1903  

188B  

I  M«t  reported. 


Gill  nets,  pound  nets,  and  trap  nets  took  nearly  all 
of  the  catch.  The  proportion  of  the  total  value 
credited  to  gill  nets  was  GO  j)er  cent  and  that  credited 
to  pound  and  trap  nets  39  per  cent;  while  fyke  and 
hoop  nets,  seines,  and  lines  took  less  than  1  per  cent  of 
the  total. 


CHAPTER  YIL 


FTSHERTK8,  BT  STATES. 


ALABAMA. 

The  state  of  Alabama  has  the  shortest  coast  line  of 
any  of  the  states  bordering  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and 
its  fishing  interests,  whether  measured  by  the  number 
of  fishermen,  capital  invested,  or  products,  are  the 
least  of  any  of  the  Gulf  states.  Among  the  states 
engaged  in  fishing  in  1908,  Alabama  ranked  twenty- 
fourth  in  the  value  of  all  products,  second  in  Ihe  red 
snipper  fisheries,  and  axteenth  in  the  oyster  industry. 
The  oyster  industry  was  by  far  the  most  important 
fishing  industry  of  the  state  and  contributed  nearly 
45  per  cent  to  the  total  value  of  all  fishery  products 
in  1908.  The  other  fisheries  with  products  exceeding 
$10,000  in  value  for  the  year  were,  in  the  order  of 
yalue  of  products,  the  red  snapper,  mullet,  catfish, 
buffalo  fish,  squeteague,  and  fresh-water  drum  fisheries. 
The  chief  fishing  grounds  are  Mobile  Bay,  Mississippi 
Sound,  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico;  commercial  fishing  is 
also  conducted  in  the  Mobile,  Alabama,  and  Tombigbee 
Rivers.  All  of  the  foregomg  together  constitute  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico  district.  The  only  other  fidbing  ground 
of  tiie  state  is  the  Tennessee  Biyer. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  piia^^  itraos 


of  the  Alabama  fisheries  in  1908: 

Number  of  pmaoa  «raplo]red   972 

Capital: 

Yeesels  and  boats,  including  outfit   9164, 000 

Appaimtas  <X  captwe   a,MO 

Shore  and  acceasaty,  patoperty  and  caah   82, 000 

Value  of  products   387, 000 


Comparison  with  previous  canvasses. — The  rapid 
growth  of  this  industry  in  Alabama  during  the  past 
20  years  is  shown  in  the  following  tabular  statement: 


Pas<nia 

em- 
ployed, 
exclu- 
sive of 
■hora^ 

Total. 

Vessels 

and 
boats,  in- 
rtadtng 
oatflt 

Appara- 
tus of 
cap  tor*. 

Quantity 
(poands). 

Value. 

1006  

1902  

969 
714 
693 

«e 

(187,000 
130,000 
73,000 
88,000 

$164,000 
127.000 
64,000 
47,000 

$23,000 
8,200 
9,200 
12,000 

10,ti6.5.000 
9.351,000 
4,699,000 
4,MO,000 

$387,000 
207,000 
134,000 
147,000 

The  increase  has  been  continuous  except  in  the  cases 
of  the  vahie  of  the  product  from  1889  to  1897  and 
the  investment  in  apparatus  from  1889  to  1902.  The 
gaui  in  the  latter  £rom  1902  to  1908  was  due  largely  to 
the  increased  use  of  trammel  nets. 


Persons  employed. — The  distribution  of  the  persons 
employed  in  1908  is  given  below: 


ntsmn  nmortD:  1908. 

Number. 

Salaries  and  wacet. 

Dnonor  AUBCLus. 

Total. 

Proprie- 
tors and 

inde- 
pendent 
fldMT- 
IDflD* 

Sala- 
ried 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 

Wage- 
earn- 
ers. 

Total. 

Sala- 
ries. 

Wagea. 

Total  

972 

»747 

4 

221 

$100,000 

$5,200 

2  $95,000 

Gulf  of  Mexico  Uis- 
trict  

895 

670 

4 

221 

100,000 

5,aoo 

95.000 

Vessel  fisheries . . 
T  r  a  n  sporting 
vessels  

234 
11 

41 
4 

4 

189 
7 

86,000 
3,000 

8.S00 

6,200 

81,000 
3,0» 

Shore  and  boat 

647 
3 

625 

22 

8,800 

Shoresmen  

3 

2,300 

2,aoo 

Tennessee  Uiver dis- 
trict (shore  and 

iMWtlWMCtof}  

77 

77 

•  Exclusive  of  seven  proi)riet()rs  not  fi-^liiii". 

*  Includes  provisions  furnished  to  the  value  of  $21,uoo. 


Nearly  all  of  the  fishermen  were  employed  in  the  Gulf 
district,  only  77  fishing  on  the  Tennessee  River.  It  will 
be  noted  that  all  of  the  latter  were  iiulepcndent  fisher- 
men. Nearly  all  of  the  fishermen  engaged  in  the  shore 
and  boat  fisheries  of  the  Chilf  district  were  also  inde- 
pendent fishermen,  only  22  wage-eaineBB  being  emr 
ployed  by  the  625  pn^rietors  and  ind^ndent  fisher- 
men of  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  of  that  district. 
At  least  600  of  the  persons  employed  in  the  shore  and 
boat  fisheries  of  the  Gulf  district  and  at  least  677,  or 
near]}'  70  per  cent,  of  the  972  persons  employed  in  the 
fishing  industry  of  the  state  must  have  been  indq>end- 
ent  fishermen. 

Of  the  perscms  employed  in  the  Gulf  district ,  mors 
than  72  per  cent  were  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 
In  1908  the  number  of  persons  employed  in  vessel 
fisheries  was  234,  and  on  transporting  vessels  11,  as 
compared  with  254  and  19,  respectively,  in  1902.  The 
number  of  men  engaged  in  the  shore  and  boat  fishraies 
of  the  Gulf  and  its  immediate  tributaries  was  647  in 
1908,  compared  with  441  in  1902.  There  has  thus  been 
a  small  decrease  in  the  number  of  men  employed  in 
the  vessel  fisheries  and  a  large  increase  in  the  number 
employed  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 

Equipment  and  other  capiial. — The  tabular  statement 
following  gives  statistics  of  the  fishing  equipment  com- 
prised in  vessels,  boats,  and  ^»paratus  of  capture,  and 
of  other  capitaL 

(79) 


WISBEBSE&  OF  THE  UMI'KD  STATES,  1906. 


S2»,000 


1M,000 
M.O0O 
90,000 
S.800 
1,000 

aoo 

M,000 
7,000 

I7,r 


23.000 
4,300 
19,000 
65,000 
17,000 


Golf  of 
Mexico 
district. 


1262,000 


130,000 
124.000 
94,000 
SO,  000 

5,800 

5,000 
80O 
33,000 

7,000 
17,000 

8,600 
19.000 

4.300 
15,000 
03,000 
17,000 


Tennes- 
see River 
district. 


S6.900 


1,400 


1.400 
3,800 


3,800 
1,700 


1m  tk»  Mkfwing  tabular  ulittiMit  the  mimber  and 
oi  the  vesseb  and  the  number  of  the  boats 
tl»  Uhm  «l  AkbMM  in  im  an  flMwii: 


TX8SKLS  AND  BOATS:  1908. 


Total. 


61 

17 
•00  I 


•10  I 

16 
115 

m  j 


Gulf  of 
Mexico 
district. 


61 

57 

soo 

4 

35 
581 

16 
115 
450 


Tennes- 
see River 
district. 


89 


The  number  of  the  various  kinds  of  apparatus  used 


MBtribated  1^7 
triets. 

Distrfbntion  by 

class  of  fLsheries. 

Golf  of 
Itadeo 

Tennes- 

Vessel 
fldMriM. 

Sbora 
and  boat 
flfliMriflB. 

Frke  and  hoop  nets  

Ota  nets  

801 
1 

57 
• 

* 

'  235 
1 

87 
• 

m 

6S6 

 i' 

22 
6 
35 

891 

35 
3 
165 
30 
27 

27 

AH  of  the  sail  craft  and  motor  boats  were  employed 
in  the  fisheries  of  the  Gulf  coast,  rowboats  alone  being 
reported  for  the  Tennessee  River.  The  apparatus 
used  in  the  Tennessee  River  fisheries  was  confined  to 
fyke  and  hoop  nets,  wooden  traps,  and  lines. 

in  Sdaag*tead  transporting 
ovtfii  WIS  9190,000,  while  the  invest- 
ment in  boats  aggregated  $34,000,  of  which  all  but 
$1,400  pertained  to  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  of  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico  district.  Thenumberof  vessels  reported 
as  engaged  in  fibbing  and  transporting  had  decreased 


by  16  since  1902,  but  their  value,  including  the  value 
of  the  outfit,  increased  by  $14,000.  The  number  of 
boats  used  in  Iho  fisheries  of  tiie  Gulf  coast  and  the 
immediately  tributary  to  the  Gulf  inewsswd  bj 

264,  and  their  value  increased  by  $21,000. 

The  investment  in  apparatus  of  capture  for  the 
shore  and  boat  fisheries  of  the  Gulf  district  largely  ex- 
ceeded that  for  the  vessel  fisheries,  but  the  combined 
investment  in  floating  craft  and  apparatus  of  capture 
by  the  Tessel  fisheries  was  $134,000,  wfails  lor  this  shore 
and  boat  fisheries  of  the  Qulf  dktoiet  it  was  only 
$47,000.  Wooden  traps  were  reported  as  in  use  only 
in  the  fisheries  of  the  Tennessee  River,  which  also  show 
the  majority  of  fyke  and  hoop  nets.  The  shore  and 
boat  fisheries  of  the  Gulf  district  employed  the  largest 
number  oi  trammel  nets.  The  Tshie  oi  fishing  appar 
latos  on  fessels  «iid  bo^ts  fishing  in  the  Gulf  and  its 
immediate  tributaries  was  reported  as  $8,200  in  1902. 

In  the  fisheries  of  the  Gulf  district  62  per  cent  of  the 
capital  was  invested  in  floating  craft  and  7  per  cent  in 
apparatus  of  capture,  while  in  the  fisheries  of  the  Ten- 
nessee River  only  20  per  cent  was  invested  in  floating 
craft  and  55  per  eenl  in  apparstus  of  eaptiDie. 

JVsdiirfi,  iy  s^MoiM.— The  fishery  products  of  the 
state  were  distributed  by  species  and  apparatus  of 
capture  as  shown  in  the  table  on  page  82.  Oysters 
easily  ranked  first,  with  nearly  45  per  cent  of  the  total 
value.  Red  snapper,  mullet,  catfish,  and  bufialo  fish 
followed  in  the  order  named. 

Proimets,  by  Jishing  gnmnds. — The  following  tabolsr 
Htfttement  shews  tiisdistilbirtiott  of  the  duel  species  by 


Total  

Fish  

Red  snapper  

Mullet  

Catfish  

Buflaloflsh  

SqueteaKue  

Drum,  fresh-watar. 

Channel  baa  

Suckers  

All  others  

Oysters  

CraiMaiNldttlap  

Tempiii  and  tarflas. . 


TALUS  OF 


Total. 


SK7,fln 


206,000 
92,000 
33,000 
17,000 
11,000 
10,000 
10,000 
5,500 
4,600 
23,000 

173,000 


Golf  of 
Mexico. 

district. 


Teones- 
Isee  River 

district. 


t>88,000 


177,000 
92,000 
33,000 
9,600 
7,600 
10,000 
1,400 
5,500 


18,000 
173,000 
7^ 


7,200 

3,200 


8,800 


4,600 
8,000 


The  fisheries  of  the  Gulf  district  are  credited  with  93 
per  cent  of  the  total  catch.  In  that  district  the  value 
of  the  products  was  nearly  evenly  divided  between  fish 
and  oysters,  while  in  the  Tennessee  River  district  fish 
constituted  the  entire  product.  The  ]«incipal  species 
tskeii  m  the  Gulf  district  were,  in  the  order  of  value, 
oysters,  red  snapper,  mullet,  and  squeteague.  The 
first  two  named  formed  74  per  cent  of  the  total  catch 
of  the  Gulf  district.  The  chief  species  caught  in  the 
Tennessee  River,  in  the  order  of  value,  were  fresh- 
water drum,  catfish,  suckers,  and  buflalo  fish. 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


81 


Pnduetgf  hy  ekm  ^  JUh0rUB,—TbB  distributioii  ci 
jnoducts  between  the  vessel  fisheries  and  the  shore 
and  boat  fiflteioi  is  shown  in  the  following  tabular 


TotaL  

rui  

Redsnvf*  

Mullet  

Catfish  

Buffalo  fish  

Squeteague.  

lmna,ftMhpiratar, 

Chaanribai  

StMdKn........... 

AU  other  

Oysters  

Crabs  and  shrimp  

Tenapin  and  turtles. . 


TAIVB  or  IBODTOTS:  1908. 


Total. 


S387,000 


Vessel 
flabarles. 


S144,000 


2()(i,  000 
92,000 
33,000 
17,000 
11,000 
10,000 
10,000 
5,500 
4,600 
23,000 
173,000 
7,300 


109. 000 
92,000 
4,200 
200 


2,700 

'i,'866 


Shore 
and  boat 


8.000 
33,000 

i,aoo 

100 


21),  000 
17,000 
11,000 

7,600 
10,000 

3,700 

4.600 
15,000 
140,000 

0,100 
000 


The  fish  products  proper  amoimted  in  the  aggregate 
to  6,232,000  poimds,  or  58  per  cent  of  the  total  wdght 
of  fishery  products,  and  were  yahied  at  $206,000,  or 
58  per  cent  of  the  total  yahie.  The  value  of  the  fish 
products  constituted  40  per  cent  of  the  total  in  the 
case  of  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  and  76  per  cent 
in  the  case  of  the  vessel  fisheries.  The  products  of 
the  vessel  fisheries  were  chiefly  red  snapper  and 
oysters,  all  other  products  amounting  to  oi^  13  per 
eent. 

The  combined  catch  of  the  shore  and  boat  fisher- 
ies aggregated  6,312,000  pounds,  having  a  value  of 
$244,000.  Of  this  catch,  93  per  cent  in  quantity  and 
88  per  cent  in  value  was  from  the  Gulf  district. 

Of  the  products  of  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  for 
the  state,  the  oyster  catdi  formed  57  per  cent  in 
Tsloe. 

Pniudt,  &y  €tpparatu8  of  capture. — The  product 
iimnfAit  by  means  of  tongs,  representiing  the  oyster 
catch,  contributed  a  larger  percentage  of  the  total 
products,  as  measured  by  value,  than  the  product 
caught  by  any  other  class  of  apparatus,  and  formed 
nearly  two-thirds  of  the  sh(ne  and  boat  products  of 
the  Gulf  district;  while  the  catch  of  lines  contributed 
more  two-thirds  of  the  total  for  the  vessel 

fisheries,  and  that  of  fyke  nets  nearly  one-half  of  the 
total  for  the  Tennessee  River.  Seines  were  used  to  a 
comparatively  small  extent,  and  gill  nets  still  less 
and  only  in  the  vessel  fisheries.  The  catch  in  wooden 
traps,  all  in  the  Tennessee  River,  was  a  substantial  one, 
aggregating  107,000  pounds.  The  following  tabular 
stitonent  diows  the  yalne  and  distrihatioa  of  the 
osteli,  by  the  various  kinds  of  sf^parstas: 
imf— 11 — 6 


TolaL  

Tongs  

Lines  

Trammel  nets... 

Fyke  nets  

AVooden  tnqpa... 

Seines  

Gill  nets  

Spears,  etc  

Minor  apparatus 


TAi.UK  or  rB<H>m;n:  1908. 


TsteL 

I9IM.000 

(244.000 

173,000 

33,000 

140,000 

120,000 

97.000 

23,000 

58,000 

9,300 

49,000 

24,000 

24,000 

6,100 

0,100 

4,400 

2.900 

i,.aoo 

1,200 

700 

SOO 

000 

• 

Oysters— The  product  of  the  oyster  fishery  wss 
590,000  budids,  ralued  at  $173,000,  wUdi  was  45  per 

cent  of  the  total  value  of  all  products.  The  oyster 
catch  included  54,000  bushels  of  seed  oysters,  having 
a  value  of  S4,100,  and  536,000  bushels  of  market  oys- 
ters, having  a  value  of  $169,000.  All  of  the  seed 
oysters  were  from  pubhc  areas,  and  of  the  market 
oysters  12  per  cent  were  from  prrrato  areas  and  88  per 
cent  from  puUic  areas.  The  value  of  the  oysters  from 
prirato  areas  formed  22  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of 
market  oysters  and  their  average  value  was  59  cents 
per  bushel,  compared  with  28  cents  per  bushel  for 
oysters  from  public  areas.  The  oyster  product  of  1908 
shows  a  large  mcrease  over  the  figures  tor  1902,  in 
which  year  the  total  product  reported  amounted  to 
347,000  budieb,  Tshied  at  $120,000.  TheiaeraMs  in 
quantity  of  oystMs,  exclusave  ci  seed  oysteiBi  was 
189,000  bushels,  or  54  per  cent,  and  the  increase  in 
value  $49,000,  or  41  per  cent.  The  gain  was  confined 
almost  entirely  to  the  product  from  the  pubhc  areas, 
the  product  from  the  private  areas  increasing  only  17 
per  cent  in  quantity  and  decreasing  5  per  cent  in  value. 
Oystm  can  be  taken  from  die  poblie  reeftr  at  any  time, 
the  demand  alone  governing  the  fishermen  in  this 
particular.  Tongs  are  the  only  apparatus  allowed  for 
taking  oysters,  and  the  quantity  of  oysters  permitted 
per  single  boat  is  limited  to  3,500  bushels  per  week. 
No  oysters  measuring  less  than  2  J  inches  from  hinge  tea 
mouth  can  be  taken. 

Bed  anapper.—Tbe  red  snapper  was  the  most  im- 
portant of  the  kinds  of  fish  caught,  and  in  1908  con- 
stituted neariy  one-fourth  of  all  products  both  in 
quantity  and  in  value.  It  is  a  deep-sea  fish,  the  fish- 
ing being  done  with  lines  in  from  20  to  75  fathoms  of 
water,  and  the  catch  figures  solely  in  the  vessel  fish- 
eries. This  fishery  centers  at  Mobile,  and  the  vessels 
go  as  far  east  as  Tampa,  Bla.,  and  as  far  west  as  the 
Mexican  coast. 

Mullet. — The  mullet  ranked  next  in  importance  in 
1908,  and  formed  16  per  cent  of  the  tot4  quantity  of 


IE8  0¥  TSE  VHITED  ^JtATESi  WOk 


tile  products,  although  its  value  formed  only  9  per 
emt  of  the  totel  Tahie.  It  is  chiefly  a  pioduet  of  the 
■hm  Md  bo«t  fidwriea,  Mid  k  eaqglii  alnoet  cntiv^ 
ii  iMimil  nets,  less  than  4      oni  beag  eaa^  in 

■eines  and  gill  nets  in  1908. 

Oatjish. — The  catfish  ranked  third  in  the  order  of 
Talue.  The  fifjriires  for  this  fish  represent  both  the 
fa«sh-water  and  the  salt-water  varieties,  and  practically 
•U  of  the  catch  was  reported  by  the  shore  and  boat 
TWjr  an  eaijghi  mUk  a  rumty  of  uf^punr 
fyke  nets,  lines,  semes,  aad  traps. 
OAer  produdi. — The  bvffido  fish,  squeteague,  and 

products  ot  aboat 


equal  eommereial  value.  The  buflfllo  fish  and  the  drum 
were  caught  in  the  Tenneaaee  Biver  and  the  fresh- 
water tributaries  tif  the  Gtdf,  whSe  the  aqneteague  was 

reported  by  both  the  shore  and  the  vesnl  fiahllf  ifMI  of 
the  Gulf  district.  Hickory  shad  and  carp  were  re- 
ported solely  from  the  Tennessee  River,  and  groupers 
and  shrimp  solely  by  the  vessel  fisheries.  Black  bass, 
sturgeon,  and  sunfish  were  taken  in  the  shore  and 
boat  fidberiee  of  the  Qulf  district  as  well  as  in  the 
TMrneasee  River,  and  tiie  ranaaider  oi  the  enmneiv 
ated  products  were  taken  in  the  vessel  fisheries  and 
in  the  shore  and  boat  jjnhwriw  of  the  €kdf  ol  Mazioo 
district. 

tT  TBomsm:  im. 


noDocT  CAvata  mt— 


Qaantity 

(poands). 

Value. 

QOMItitT 

(pomKla). 

Value. 

QoHititjr 
CpooDda). 

Value. 

(pomida). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

QnantltT 
(pounds). 

Vab» 

nao^ooo 

158,000 

124,000 

107,000 

16,100 

150,000 

$4,400 

4,198,000 

S175,0M 

9,300 

900 

25,000 
5,200 
56,000 

2,500 
300 
1,100 

1,200 

100 

200 

(«) 

31,000 
6,900 
85,000 

4,800 

1,800 
500 

6,000 

200 

128,000 
9,800 
93,000 

500 

7,200 
700 
5,700 

(») 

10,000 
5,400 
31,000 

600 
300 
1,500 

122,000 

18,000 
4,700 

55,000 
1,3W 

u,m 

3,700 

900 
100 

1,100 
100 

6,300 

700 

1,600 

(*) 

500 
10,000 

% 

4,100 

9S 

100 

*s 

3,000 

100 

79,000 

6,500 

S^OIO 

1,900 

12,000 
500 

600 
(*) 

0,000 
16,000 

394,000 
16,000 

3,900 
800 

22,000 

1,100 

20,000 

800 

1,504,000 
500 

16,000 

32,000 
(*) 

800 

56,000 
100 

1,700 

1,100 

(») 

100 

6,000 
300 

6,000 

166 
(») 

300 

3,000 

300 
%68S,000 

300 

(») 
92,000 

12,000 
65,000 
149,000 

600 
1,300 
7,500 

100 
11.000 
18,000 

(') 

200 
900 

500 
6,000 
6,000 

100 
200 

800 
36,000 

5,500 

12,000 
4,700 
6,500 

246,000 

(») 

1,800 

aoo 

70O 

300 
100 

6,100 

700 
MkOOO 

(*) 

3,000 
200 

14,000 

900 

2,300 
8,600 

100 
200 

1,500 

(«) 

37,000 

aoo 

1,200 
100 

4,200 
13,000 

•3,314,000 
< 440,000 

300 
SOB 

132,0« 

37,000 

4,iaD 

Tongs,  4,132/ai 
valued  at  1600. 


AKKAirSAS. 

The  fishing  grounds  of  Arkansas  are  principally  the 
Mississippi  River;  its  tributaries,  the  Arkansas,  White, 
St.  Francis,  Ouachita,  Black,  and  Cache  Rivers;  and 
Big  Lake.  Buffalo  fish  and  catfish  were  the  leading 
speckm  of  irii  caught,  wUfe  BiuuubI  MBb,  together 
wSOk  fmA  md  itaffh  tlBael  equaled  in  importance 
Amb  two  lirii  fgrfwete  coMhiiad.  Hie  following 
■tatement  gives  «  gMnl  aUUiMij  of  the  state's  fish- 


jfimlwF  of  pcnoMMBployvd..................  •••••••••  MS 

Capital: 

Veaeels  and  boats,  includiiig  outfit.........   $45, 000 

Anpantwef  aqplSM.   SI,  000 

Shore  and  acceaaoiy  pnpmtj.   000 

Value  of  products   207, 000 


Comparison  wiih  previous  canvasses. — comparison 
of  the  figures'fw  1908  with  those  for  previoiis  yean 
shows  a  ooiMidirable  incieaso  in  the  fisheiy  iaTest- 
ments  and  ptoduets.  The  following  tabular  state- 
ment gives  a  summary  oi  the  fisheries  of  Arkamas  for 
1894,  1899,  and  1908: 


FISHERIES, 


BY  STATES. 


TUB. 

Persons 

em- 
ployed. 

Value  of 
equip- 
ment and 
other 

Qoantity 
(poonds). 

Value. 

998 

m 

750 

$89,000 
TO.OOO 
37,000 

12,867,000 
4,897,000 

3,sn,9n 

1207,000 
168,000 
U6,000 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  rate  of  increase  in  the 
quantity  of  products  between  1809  and  1908  is  much 
higher  than  the  rate  for  the  value  of  products.  This 
disproportion  is  in  large  part  due  to  the  development 
of  the  mussel  fisheries,  the  products  of  wliich  amounted 
to  8,060,000  pomids  in  1908,  wheress  none  at  all  were 
reported  in  1890.  While  mussel  i^ieDs  add  greatly  to 
the  total  wej^t  of  the  state's  fishery  products,  they 
are  of  relativdly  small  yalue.  Exclusive  of  the  mussel 
fishery,  the  quantity  of  products  declined  from 
4,897,000  pounds  to  4,507,000  pounds,  and  their  value 
from  $168,000  to  $137,000. 

Persons  employed. — The  data  as  to  the  perscMis  em- 
ployed in  the  &hanes  of  the  state  during  190a  are  as 
foOows: 


fKWMls  uirLOTXD:  1006. 

Wages. 

IMid. 

tors  and 
independ- 
ent fish- 

Wage- 
earners. 

137 

120,000 

1 

m 

u 

M,000 

t,m 

The  industry  is  carried  on  iaigely  by  independent 
fiUbmnen,  only  a  few  of  the  fishermen  employing  help- 
«8.  A  Uurge  proportion  of  the  137  wage-earners  were 
employed  by  a  few  proprietors  on  Big  Lake,  and  the 
small  total  of  wages  paid  suggests  the  intermittent 
character  of  much  of  the  employment. 

Equipment  and  other  capital. — Statistics  as  to  the  num- 
her  and  value  of  the  different  kimki  of  equipment  em- 
ployed, and  the  amount  oi  other  capital  inyested,  axe 
ptesented  m  the  fcAowing  tabular  statement: 


TotaL. 


and  nwtarKineiudiiig  outfit. 


Tnnsporting  ^ 

Vessels  ■ 

Tozm&^Oa  ■•■«••■■••-■>•■«•>>■>•■>>■■-■•••■•• 

Outfit  

Boats  

Stann  and  motor  

Row...   

Apparatus  of  captun  (abon  and  boatflsberiea). 

Dip  nets  

Firearms  

Fylce  and  hoop  nets  


PomdiMts.. 


Trammel  nets  

Traps,  otter  

Sbon  aad  aooeaaory  property. 


EQUIPMENT  AND 

1908. 


Number.  Value 


8 
S6 


1,154 
117 
1,087 


S 

45 
,638 
46 
127 
17 
21 
10 


$89,000 


8,100 
8,600 


1,500 
37,000 
18,000 
19,000 
31,000 


13,000 


The  value  of  vessels  and  boats  together  made  up 
one-half  of  the  investment.  As  would  be  expected 
in  river  fisiieries,  no  saiUng  oraft  were  reported.  Of 
the  apparatus  of  capture,  fyke  and  hoop  nets  were 
most  numerous,  wi^  a  Talue  greator  than  tiiat  of  aD 
other  kinds  of  apparatus  combined. 

Products,  by  species. — The  table  on  page  84  gives  the 
quantity  and  value  of  the  products  of  the  Arkansas 
fisheries,  distributed  by  species  and  by  apparatus  of 
capture. 

Fifteen  species  of  fish  were  reported,  besides  frogs, 
turtles,  mussel  sheUs,  and  pearls  sod  slugs.  Mussel 

sheUs  and  peark  and  slugs  made  up  one-third  of  Hub 
total  value  of  products.  The  catch  of  buffalo  fish  was 
the  most  important  among  the  fish,  and  catfish  and 
black  bass  were  next  in  order.  These  four  species  con- 
tributed 80  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products. 
In  1899  also  buffalo  fish  and  catfidi  were  the  leading 
species.  BUmsIi:  baas,  however,  was  one  of  the  minor 
species  in  1899.  Crappie,  fifth  in  importance  in  1908, 
stood  third  in  1899,  while  paddlefish  and  caviar, 
although  of  little  importance  in  1908,  stood  fourth  in 
1899. 

Products,  hyjishing  grounds. — The  distribution  of  the 
products  bf  fibbing  grounds  is  giv«i  bdowr 


FISHma  QBOCKO. 

IHBKT  noDocn:  IM. 

TotaL 

Other  than  mussel 
shells,  pearls, 
and  glufs. 

Mu.<!sel  shells, 
pearls, 
and  stags. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quant  ity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantitv 
(pounds). 

TMaL  

8t.  FrandsBtver.. 

Bi(?  Lake  

12,667,000 

007,000 

4,507,000 

3137,000 

8.060.000 

ro.ooo 

7,070,000 
242,000 
747,000 
677,000 
829,000 
67,000 

89.000 
39,000 
24,000 
17,000 
4,700 
4,000 

M^OOO 

1,110,000 
942,000 
747,000 
577,000 
29,000 
67,000 

1.0U,000 

29.000 
33.000 
24.000 
17,000 
700 
4,000 

10,000 

5,960,000 
1,300,000 

50,000 

Arltansas  River  

Blaclc  Biver  

Onacfaita  River  

lOasissippl  River 
andauattMr.... 

800,000 

4,00« 

The  fisheries  of  the  White  River  were  the  most 
important  in  the  state,  measured  by  value  of  products, 
and  the  mussel  fisheries  contributed  the  larger  part  of 
the  product.  Only  two  otiitf  riTers,  the  St.  IVsnds 
and  the  Black,  reported  mussel  fisherisB. 

Products,  hy  apparaius  cf  capture.— Jn.  1908  crowfoot 
dredges,  fyke  nets,  lines,  and  seines  together  were 
credited  with  93  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products, 
ranking  in  importance  in  the  order  named.  In  1899 
crowfoot  dredges  were  not  reported,  and  the  leading 
kinds  of  apparatus  used  were,  in  the  order  of  impor- 
tance, seines,  fyke  nets,  and  set  lines.  In  1899  seines 
took  37  per  cent  in  Tshie  <rf  the  total  product,  while  ia 
1908  they  took  only  15  per  cent  of  the  fi^  proper. 
This  decrease  is  counterbalanced  by  the  increases  in  the 
catch  of  fyke  nets  and  lines,  as  shown  by  the  tabular 
statement  following. 


OF  TBE  Wmm  STATES,  1908. 


F^ke  nets. 

Lines. 

I  (pounds). 

Value. 

1  1,081.000 

S48,000 
30,000 

BuWalo  fish. — In  1908  the  bufTalo-fish  catch  repre- 
•ented  21  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products, 
compared  \v'ith  31  per  cent  in  1899.  The  product  of 
this  species  has  decreased  slightly  in  quantity  and 

Tk»  gMB  vwm  18My  kowvTcr,  is 
ii  ikMim  hj  liM  foBoiiHiig  tftbuhu- 

It: 


BUFTALO-im 

QnantltT 

(pounds). 

Value. 

2.051,000 
2,380,000 
1,01,000 

$43,000 
53,000 
31,000 

J^III.  

Catfish. — Catfish  contributed  16  per  cent  of  the 
total  value  of  products  in  1908,  as  compared  with 
approximately  25  per  cent  in  1^.  Although  the 
cat<^  has  iiici«M6d  nnce  1899,  tha  Tilne  hM  dflcntaed. 
The  following  tabular  statement  ghrea  thepfodnetfor 
1894, 1899,  and  1908: 


CAMMir 

<|Dantity. 
(pponds). 

VataM. 

1908  

895,000 
829,000 
905,000 

333,000 

42,000 
38,000 

1899  

ARKANSAS— PK 


Other  leading  products. — In  1908  the  value  of  the 
black  bass  caught,  $20,000,  formed  10  per  cent  of  the 
entire  value  of  the  fishery  products  of  the  state,  the 
quantity  being  nmeb  larger  than  in  1899,  wbnea  iti 
vafaie  was  $10,000.  Hie  catch  of  crapfne  ra  1908 
was  approximate^  25  per  cent  heavier  than  in  1899, 
but  of  about  the  same  value.  The  total  catch  of 
fresh-water  drum  has  increased  one-third  in  quantity 
and  one-seventh  in  value  since  1899. 

tT  FB01H7CT8:  1S08. 


Black  iMsa  

i.orsunfish. 
lalo  fish  


Pte  

ulleab-water 

Paddlefksh  

Caviar  and  pad- 


Pike 

eved). 
Rock  baas. 
Suckers. . . 
Wkttaiaaa 


TfBfS  

Tnitles  

MonelsbeUs. 
Itoartsandsia 


13,8Br,0IO 


20.000 
6,000 

43,000 
4,100 


292,000 

228.000 
3,051,000 
175,000 


300.000  13,000 
402,000  8,900 
71,000  2,000 


CA.1 


wr— 


800 


1.300 
15,000 
12,000 
U.O0O 


•,•00 

8,000,000 


700 


100 
900 
200 

MOO 

<i) 

4.000 
100 
^,000 
28,000 
100 


7,000 
70.000 
1,496,000 
102,000 
2l«y«0 

71,000 
284,000 
19,000 


Valne. 


$53,000 


500 
1,600 
32.000 
2,400 
7,100 

2,800 
6,000 
500 


lOO 


1.900 
12,000 
4,000 


100 
200 
200 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


1,  on,  000 


348,000 


222.000 
44,000 
73.000 
23,000 


1,330 

4,000 


12,000 


Value. 


15,000 
1,600 
1,800 
700 

20,000 

5,100 
1,700 


100 


100 
200 


800 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Vatoe. 


tn  n,ooo 


21.000 
72,000 
287,000 
20,000 


58,000 
55,000 
52,000 

800 


9^300 


1,«00 


1.400 
2,000 
6,100 
600 

4,m 

2,700 
1,100 
1,500 

700 


000 


Pomd  nets. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


378,000 


20,000 
27,000 
142,000 
8,500 
33^380 

42,000 
7,700 


Value. 


r,ioo 


1,400 
600 

2,500 
100 


1,500 
100 


Trammel  nets. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


139,000 


18.000 
15,000 
44,000 
10,000 
H330 

25,000 
800 


Value. 


1,300 
300 
800 
200 


900 
(') 


Quaotitr 
(pooada). 


3,700 


8,500 
700 


27,000 
5,000 

8,060,000 


(') 


Valoa. 


ff^Oit 


(») 


42,000 
28,000 
100 


•  Inchides 
pounds,  valued 


CALIFORNIA. 

In  the  value  |N^ducts  from  fisheries,  California 
ranked  second  among  the  Pacific  coast  states  both  at 
the  canvass  of  1904  and  at  that  of  1908.  Sea  fishing  is 
carried  on  along  practically  the  entire  coast  line  of  the 
state,  but  the  river  or  inland  fisheries  are  confined 
enWvefy  to  tlie  livm  flmdng  into  San  Fian- 
ff  thelaiUBit  asd  ■1014  fMPododiw  oi 


the  Sacramento.'  Humboldt  Bay  is  next  in  impor- 
tance as  a  fishing  ground,  the  safanon  catch  being  the 
principal  |»odaet.  The  following  tabular  statement 
gives  a  summaiy  of  the  mdwAtfiot  1906: 

Number  of  p«HaN«aqplof»d   4,129 

Capital: 

Vewolo  and  bo»t^  inclnding  ontft  fl,068,000 

Apparatus  of  capture   502, 000 

Shoreandacceesory  property  and  cash.....   91,000 

TahMflfpndQcti   I,f70i,000 


FISHERIES, 

C<mparison  with  previous  canvasses. — The  statistics 
reported  for  the  years  1904  and  1899  are  not  in  all  re- 
spects comparable  with  the  returns  for  1908,  on  ac- 
count of  the  inclusion  in  the  earlier  canvasses  of  the 
capital  and  number  of  penaoa  emi^jed  in  the  can- 
neries and  paddng  houses  with  the  data  for  the  fbher- 
ies.  The  following  figures,  howeyer,  which  are  exclu- 
sive of  statistics  for  shoresmen,  capital  invested  in 
shore  and  accessory  property,  and  cash  capital,  may 
be  considered  as  comparable: 


8» 


nAB. 

Persons 

em- 
ployed, 
exclu- 
sive of 
■horea- 

VAim  or  wnmBm. 

TotaL 

Veasdsand 
tioats, 

outfit. 

Appara- 
lusof 
oaptoK. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

1906.  

4,100 

31,568,000 

31,066,000 
1,138,000 
1 1;3«,000 

3502,000 

360,000 
250,000 

47,477,000 
52,110,000 
74,559,000 

31,970,000 
2,533,000 

t,9^m 

1904.  

hk  1908,  as  compared  with  1904,  the  number  of  per- 
mam  employed,  exclusive  of  shoresmen,  shows  a  de- 
crease of  7  per  cent  and  the  capital  invested  in  floating 
craft  and  fishing  equipment  an  increase  of  5  per  cent, 
while  the  value  of  products  shows  a  material  loss  of  22 
per  cent,  the  larger  portion  of  which  can  be  attributed 
to  the  decrease  in  the  Tshie  of  produds  of  the  oyster 
industoy.  From  1899  to  1904  there  was  an  increase 
of  27  per  cent  in  the  number  of  persons  employed,  and 
decreases  of  6  per  cent  in  the  capital  inTested  and  of  1 
per  cent  in  the  value  of  products. 

Persons  employed. — ^The  number  of  persons  em- 
ployed and  the  salaries  and  wages  paid  during  the  year 
1908  in  eadi  branch  of  the  indnitiy  wwe  as  follows: 


naoom  mimrBD:  1908. 

Numoer. 

Salaries  and  wages. 

fMaL 

Fnprie- 
tonand 

inde- 
pendent 

Sala- 
ried 
em- 

Wage- 
earn- 
ers. 

TotaL 

8ala> 
ries. 

Wages. 

Total  

4,129 

12,622 

41 

1,466 

$562,000 

$26,000 

* $536, 000 

TnamrtiaKTcssels 
Skomnlboalflsb- 

645 

135 

3,320 

- 

26" 
7 

2,589 

1 

eiF 

128 
720 

215,000 
55,000 

275,000 
17,000 

1,200 

214,000 

55.000 

250,000 
17,000 

11 

29 

25,000 

*  Kjudutfte  of  thiee  propileton  not  tWihigi 


Of  the  4,129  persons  engaged  in  fishmg,  16  p«r  cent 
were  connected  with  the  vessel  fisheries,  80  per  cent 
with  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  and  3  per  cent  with 
the  transporting  vessels,  while  only  1  per  cent  were 
employed  exclusively  as  shoresmen.  Of  the  total 
number  of  proprietors  and  independent  fishermen,  99 
per  eent  were  reported  by  the  slMve  and.  boat  fidMties. 
These  fidieries,  howerer,  employed  only  49  per  cent  of 
tiM  total  amnber  ni  wage-eanMia,  whila  the  ▼easel 


BY  STATES. 


fisheries  employed  41  per  cent.  The  vessel 
and  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  are  not  comparaUe 
with  respect  to  the  number  of  proprietors  and  lnde> 
pendoit  fishemiMi,  inMmneh  aa  many  of  the  yesseb 

are  owned  by  corporations,  while  the  percentage  ci 
the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  conducted  by  oorporatioDS 

is  very  small. 

Only  29  of  the  shoresmen  were  reported  as  being 
directly  connected  with  the  fisheries.  It  must  be 
borne  in  mind  that  this  numbw  does  not  BttcJnde 
employees  working  in  eanneries,  paddng  booses,  or 
fish  marirats. 

Equipment  and  other  capital. — The  description  and 
value  of  vessels  and  boats  engaged  in  the  fisheries  of 
the  state  and  the  value  of  apparatus  used,  together 
with  the  amount  of  other  capital  invested  in  1908,  are 
given  in  the  following  tabular  sti^ement; 


Total. 


Vessels,  including  oulflt  

Fishing  

Steam  and  motor  

VtmOt  

Ontflt  

San  

Vessels  

Outfit  

Transporting  

Steam  and  motor  

Vessds  

Outfit  

Bail  

Vessels  

Outfit  

Barges  

Boats  

steam  and  motor  

Sail  

Row  

Other  

Aj^aratus  of  capture  

Vessel  fisheries  

Shore  and  boat  fisheries... 
Shore  and  accessory  property. 
Cash  


cairal:  MOB. 


Vahia.  Number. 


31,659,000 


573,000 
412,000 
304,000 
SO,  000 

68,000 
129,000 
97,000 
31,000 
161,000 
63,000 
57,000 
5,400 
96,000 
80,000 
16,000 
2,200 
483,000 
321,000 
121,000 
30,000 
20,000 
502,000 
19,000 
483,000 
63,000 
28,000 


Twinap 


GO 
31 
83 

9,332 
4,480 

s.aB» 

9 

21 
14 

4,852 
183 

7 

8 

2,121 
413 

814 
799 
95 

The  number  of  the  various  kinds  of  apparatus  of 
capture  used  was  as  follows: 


Abalone  ontflt  

Fvke  and  hoop  nets 

Gill  nets  

Paranzella  nets. 
Pots,  crab  and 

Seines  

Shrimp  nets... 
Trammel  nets. 
Turtle  n^iB — 


APPiaAvnor 


TotaL 


56 
1,580 
3,550 
20 
2,874 
146 
295 
2,537 
67 


Used  in— 


Vessel 
fisheries. 


19 
19 
30 
5 


15 


Share 
and  boat 
fish  erica. 


56 
1,580 
3,531 
1 

S,M4 
141 

295 
2,522 
37 


Products^  hy  species. — Table  1 ,  on  page  89,  shows  the 
quantity  and  Talue  of  the  fishery  products  of  the  state, 
by  i^Mdes  and  by  apparatus  of  capture. 

A  comparison  of  the  chief  species  included  in  the 
catch  rcqported  by  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries  foi  1899 


FI8B 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


and  1904  and  in  that  reported  at  the  present  census,  as 
giTen  in  the  following  tabular  statement,  is  of  interest 
as  showing  the  fluctuations  in  the  fishery  products: 


Chinook.. 
Blue  back. 
SUvw. 


Qaaotity 
(paandB). 


Value. 


3,205,000 
l,0e»,00(l 


3.1S,00II 

2.319,000 
9.211,000 
8. 846,000 
147,000 
141.000 
7t,00C 
4,638,000 


1,337.000 
718,000 
3,487,000 

1.235.000 
1,702,000 
729,000 

979,000 
873.001 
94,000 

32,000 


•80,000 


88,000 
56,000 
M,000 
80,000 
60,000 
471,000 
460,000 
4,900 
4,200 
2,800 
30,000 


42,000 
41,000 
65,000 
135,000 

22,000 
69,000 
337,000 


18M 


Quantity 
(pounds) 


52, 110,000  82,523,000 


2,159,000 
737,000 
5,623,000 
4,336,000 
1,793,000 
12,343,000 
11,746,000 
273,000 
269,000 
55,000 
1,036,000 


979,000 
1,362,000 
3,874,000 
1,570,000 

834,000 
5. HI. 000 
1,320,000 


33,000  1,832,000 

W,00a|j  1,078,000 

1S2,OOOH  412,000 

119,00a  87,000 


13,0 


325,000 


Value. 


52,000 
21,000 
132,000 
84,000 

59,000 
456,000 
444,000 
4,300 
5,600 
1,600 
12,000 


31,000 
52,000 
69,000 
92,000 

9,400 

155,000 
628,000 

72,000: 

303|oon 

375,000; 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


46,832,000  82,551,000 


1,192,000 
466,000 
5,917,000 
4,686,000 
1.233,000 
7,243.000 
7,068,000 
22,000 
60,000 
114,000 
2,383,000 


938,000 
1,315,000 
32,000 
1,234,000 

895,000 
3.677.000 
2,940,000 

4,047,000 
607,000 
715,000 

207,000 

507,000 
7,272,000 


Value. 


33,000 
13,000 
178,000 
92,000 
38,000 
262,000 
255,000 
800 
2,100 
3,000 
18,000 


20,000 
58,000 
600 
62,000 

33,000 
86,000 
867,000 

111,000 
14,000 
456,000 
436,000 

20,000 
210,000 


Although  the  total  value  of  products  in  1908  shows 
a  material  decrease,  as  compared  with  the  values  for 
the  prior  years,  the  value  of  the  salmon  catch 
TIm  Taloe  <^  this  catch  formed  24  per 
«ff  tin  total  rtim  <rf  prodaete  in  1908,  compared 
wilk  10  per  cent  m  1899.  Other  species  thai  hmre 
increased  notably  .are  striped  bass,  iMiracoda,  apinj 
lobsters,  rockfish,  catfish,  and  squeteague,  or  white  sea 
bass.  Whale  products,  on  the  other  hand,  show  a 
laige  and  steady  decrease,  both  actual  and  propor- 
i,  and  cod,fflndt,  and  dhrinqp  decroaaed  in  a  kss 


t. — The  following  tabular 
sment  shows  the  qaantity  and  value  of  products 
taken  by  the  shore  and  bant  ftahariwi  from  tibe  difiarent 
waters  of  the  state: 


wtua : 


PnrMt 

Per  cent 
distribu- 
tion. 

Total 

36,860.000 

100 

81.627.000 

100 

11,643.000 
3,522,000 
8,552,000 

8,888,000 

5,248,000 
2,574,000 
1,535,000 
433.000 
464,000 

32 
10 
23 

8 
14 

617,000 
431,000 
249,000 

96,000 
89,000 
67,000 
62,000 
8,900 

38 
26 
15 

6 
6 
4 
4 

1 

(>) 

Santa  Barbara  ChaniMl..  

yiamath  R:\-er  

am  Lam  Ottmfio  Baj  

Of  the  total  products  taken  by  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries  in  1908,  products  from  the  Sacramento  River 
formed  32  per  cent  in  quantity  and  38  per  cent  in 
value.  Salmon  was  the  principal  species  caught 
in  this  rirar  and  amounted  to  7,292,000  pounds. 
Stripad  baas  waa  nazt  in  knportanee,  the  quantity 
reported  being  1,690,000  pounds.  Other  apBcam 
taken  were  as  follows:  Catfish,  1,068,000  pounds; 
shad,  1,055,000  pounds;  carp,  425,000  pounds;  black 
bass,  82,000  pounds;  pike,  20,000  pounds;  and  stur- 
geon, 10,000  pounds.  The  total  catch  taken  from  the 
Sacramento  Bivw  and  the  prodnct  of  «ahnon,  striped 
bass,  catfiah,  ahad,  carp,  aiid  falaek  baaa  for  that  rirer 
show  substantial  gains  since  1904. 

San  Francisco  Bay  was  second  in  rank  according 
to  the  value  of  products,  although  the  quantity  of 
products  taken  from  the  Pacific  Ocean  was  greater. 
Hiis  is  due  largely  to  the  fact  that  much  of  the  ocean 
product  does  n<^  compare  in  Tahie  irith  the  safamm 
and  oth«rdboioespedfla  taken  in  the  hay.  The  oyster 
product  of  San  Francisco  Bay  also  affected  the  relative 
value  of  the  catch  to  a  large  extent.  Herring  was  the 
principal  species  taken  in  the  bay  fisheries,  the 
weight  of  the  catch  amounting  to  450,000  pounds. 
Smelt  ranked  next  in  respect  to  quantity,  with  278,000 
pounds,  and  sea  baas  foflowed,  nilh  271,000  pounds. 
Rockfidi,  striped  hasB,  and  saidinss  wm  also  taken 
in  considerable  quantities. 

In  Humboldt  Bay  and  its  tributaries  there  were 
taken,  besides  salmon,  the  following:  Smelt,  132,000 
pounds;  flounders,  112,000  pounds;  herring,  26,000 
pounds;  rockfish,  63,000  pounds;  and  crabs,  1,411,000 
poundk  Hard  and  aoH  dams  ako  were  mariEsted  m 
conaideral^  quantitijBs. 

The  sardine  catch  of  Monterey  Bay  amounted  to 
1 ,782,000  pounds,  and  was  valued  at  $8,900.  The  low 
value  per  pound  of  sardines  causes  the  average  value 
per  pound  of  the  products  of  this  bay  to  be  lower  than 
that  for  any  other  waters  of  the  state,  with  the  excep- 
tion <rf  San  Lois  Obispo  Bay.  Move  than  two-thirds 
of  the  ahakme  catch  of  the  state  is  credited  to  Monterey 
Bay.  Other  products  were  rockfish,  1 ,850,000  pounds ; 
barracuda,  383,000  pounds;  sea  bass,  365,000  pounds; 
and  squid,  110,000  pounds. 

Products,  hy  class  of  fisheries. — The  next  tabular 
statement  shows  the  leading  products  ranked  accord- 
mg  to  yahie,  and  thmr  dirtiibutioai  betweoi  the  ▼essdi 
and  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 

The  vessel  fisheries  of  California  are  of  minor  impor- 
tance, compared  with  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries, 
their  product  contributing  in  1908  only  17  per  cent 
to  the  total  value  of  the  fishery  products  of  the  state. 

Table  3,  on  page  91,  shows  the  product  of  the  ves- 
sel fishwies  by  spedea  and  by  appantos  of  capture. 
Banked  aceotdiog  to  the  raloe  of  products,  whaling 
apparatus  was  of  firrt  importance  among  the  various 
kinds  of  apparatus  of  capture  used  by  the  vessel 
fisheries,  and  it  was  followed  by  lines,  paranzella  nets. 


BY  STATES. 


seines,  dredges,  tongs,  etc.,  and  gill  nets,  in  the  order 
named. 


TAun  or 


Total. 


$1,970,000 


1, 


292,000 
471,000 
460,000 
4,900 
4,200 
2,800 
135,000 
94,000 
88,000 
80,000 
65,000 
60,000 
56,000 
42,000 
41,000 
30,000 
131,000 
337,000 
132,000 
69,000 
69,000 
31,000 
22,000 
19,000 


Vessel 
flstaertes. 


$343,000 


209,000 


94,000 
900 
10,000 
60,000 
6,100 


400 


14,000 
22,000 

(•) 
132,000 
200 
1,900 


Shore  and 

boat 
fisheries. 


11,627,000 


1,063,000 
471,000 
460.000 
4,900 
4,200 
2,800 
135,000 


87,000 
69,000 
4,400 
54,000 
56,000 
42,000 
41,000 
16,000 
109,000 
337,000 


68,000 
67,000 
31.000 
22.000 
19,000 


«ilhtt«t«iaMi 


The  products  of  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  of  the 
state  were  vahied  at  $1,627,000  in  1908,  compared 
with  $1,864,000  in  1904,  a  decrease  of  13  per  cent. 

Isk  1908  these  products  formed  83  per  cent  of  the  total 
product  of  the  state,  and  in  1904,  74  percent.  Table 
2,  on  page  90,  gives  the  products  of  the  shore  and 
boat  fisheries  by  species  and  by  apparatus  of  capture. 
All  of  the  salmon  catch  of  the  state  was  made  by  the 
shore  and  boat  fisheries.  It  was  neoessuy  to  <»edit 
the  entire  oyster  catdi  to  this  class  of  fishmries  in  order 
to  avdd  c^Klosing  the  operations  of  one  company 
operating  an  oyster  vessel. 

Products,  hy  apparatus  of  capture. — The  following 
tabular  statement  shows  the  catch  by  each  kind  of 
apparatus  for  each  class  of  fisheries: 


or  imuutos. 


TotaL. 


Gill  nets  

Dredgea,  tengs,  ete — 

Lines  

Pota,  crab  and  lobster. 
Whaling  apparatus. . . . 

Seines  

Paranzella  nets.  

Fyke  nets  

Trammel  nets  

Shrimp  nets.  

AMtm»:  


TAKDB  or  WDVOeUl  IMS. 

TotaL 

Vessel 
liMies. 

Shore  and 

boat 
fisheries. 

$1,970,000 

$343,000 

$1,627,000 

769,000 
337,000 
212,000 
137,000 
132,000 
116,000 
87,000 
62,000 
52,000 
33,000 
S4,0W 

6.000 

101,000 
1,900 

132,000 
15,000 
87,000 

763,000 
337,000 
111,000 
135,000 

101,000 
100 
62,000 
51,000 
33,000 
S4,000 

400 

>  The  catch  of  one  vessel  la  Included  with  that  of  the  shon 


boat  fisheries. 


Judged  by  the  value  of  products  taken,  gill  nets  led 
among  the  various  kinds  of  apparatus  used  in  the  fisher- 
ies of  the  state.  The  hugest  catch  made  with  these  nets 
was  diinook  salmon,  which  had  a  value  of  1409,000, 

or  53  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  product  taken 
by  this  apparatus.  Barracuda,  sea  bass,  smelt,  and 
striped  bass  were  also  largely  caught  in  gill  nets. 

Dredges,  tongs,  etc.,  which  ranked  second  in  the 
value  of  the  products  tafciui,  wrae  used  ezdusive^  in 
the  oyster  fisheries. 

Third  in  importance  were  hand,  trawl,  and  set  lines. 
Some  species  are  taken  only  by  line  fishing,  cod  being 
among  the  most  notable  of  these  both  in  quantity  and 
value.  Black  cod,  redfish,  sea  trout,  and  swordfish  are 
other  species  the  entire  product  of  which  was  caught 
by  lines.  The  quantity  and  value  reported  for  eadi 
of  these  species  are  mt:^  less  than  for  cod. 

The  sdPDe  catch  of  diinook  salmon  was  i!he  greatest 
in  value  among  the  products  taken  by  seines,  although 
the  weight  of  the  seine  sardine  catch  was  more  than 
five  times  as  great,  namely,  4,552,000  pounds,  repre- 
senting 66  per  cent  of  the  total  weight  of  the  seine 
catch.  &ndt  to  the  value  of  $13,000  were  cauj^t  with 
seines.  In.  the  case  <^  every  other  species  the  catch 
by  this  apparatus  was  of  minor  importance. 

The  paranzella  net  is  peculiar  to  the  fishing  of  Cali- 
fornia, none  having  been  reported  in  use  in  any  other 
state.  Sole  was  the  principal  species  caught  with  this 
kind  of  apparatus,  representing  69  per  cent  of  the 
quantity  and  69  per  cent  <^  the  value  of  the  entire  par- 
snadla  cat^.  Whitefidi,  floundere,  kingfish,  and 
skates  were  also  taken  in  considerable  quantities. 

Catfish  formed  the  principal  catch  with  fyke  nets, 
while  flounders  were  practically  the  only  specifti 
caught  with  trammel  nets. 

Salmon. — In  1908  salmon  stood  first  both  in  quan- 
tity and  in  value  among  the  species  takm  in  Califonun 
wat«re.  The  state  rsnked  third  in  the  country  both 
in  the  quantity  and  in  the  value  of  the  catch  of  safanon. 
Chinook  was  the  principal  kind  taken,  forming  96  per 
cent  of  the  total  yield  of  salmon  in  1908  and  represent- 
ing 23  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  fishery"  products 
of  the  state.  There  was  an  increase  in  the  quantity 
and  in  the  ^ue  of  this  product  sold  fresh,  ss  compared 
witibi  the  catch  for  1904  reported  by  the  Bureau  of 
Fisheries,  but  a  decrease  in  the  salted  product  resulted 
in  a  decrease  in  the  total  quantity  of  chinook  taksD* 
The  total  value,  however,  increased  slightly. 

The  next  tabular  statement  shows  the  quantity 
and  value  of  the  salmon  taken  from  the  different 
waters  of  the  state. 

The  Sacaramento  Birer  is  the  prindpal  fishing 
ground  lor  safanon.  Of  the  total  quantity,  79  par 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


ieeiit  was  taken  from  that  river.  Humboldt  Bay  and 
tributaries  were  next  in  importance,  being  credited 
with  12  per  cent  of  the  total  catch.  Klamath  River, 
Monterey  Bay,  and  San  Francisco  Bay  ranked  in  the 
Mdar  named  as  to  the  qiumtitj  taken,  but  in  respect 
%»  ^ihw  the  catdi  from  Ifontesey  Bmy  exceeded  that 
ttom  the  Klamath  River.  The  lower  value  per  pound 
the  Klamath  River  catch  may  be  attributed  to  the 
cost  of  shipping  the  product  from  Klamath  Biver  to 
San  Francisco  or  to  other  markets. 


Qnaatity 
(pondt). 

Vahie. 

7,292,000 
1,120,000 
336,000 
03,000 
31,000 

•<71,000 

412,000 
37,000 
12,000 
8,900 
1,700 

Striped  hass. — In  value  of  the  catch  striped  bass 
ranked  second  among  the  species  reported  for  CaU- 
frnmia,  although  lai^er  quantities  of  sardines,  sole, 
cod,  barracuda,  flounders,  and  rockfish  were  caught. 
The  quantity  of  striped  bass  reported  for  1908  was 
gp— tui  hj  205,000  pounds,  <Hr  13  per  cent,  than  that 
lipQtted  for  1904,  while  the  vahie  was  greater  hy 
1^,000,  or  47  per  cent. 

Cod. — This  species,  third  in  value  of  product,  was 
reported  only  by  vessel  fisheries,  and  was  taken  largely 
off  the  coast  of  Alaska.  Six  vessels  with  a  total  net 
tonnage  of  1,S89  were  engaged  in  this  fishery  in  1908. 
Hona  of  thii  ptodnet  was  xepmrted  as  being  sold  fresh, 
bciag  sailed  helote  the  vessels  retnmed  from  the 
fi.shing  groands.  The  catdi  for  1908  was  less  by 
2,325,000  pounds,  or  41  per  cent,  than  that  reported 
for  1904,  when  the  amount  was  5,623,000  pounds, 
valued  at  SI 32 ,000. 

Barracuda. — ^Barracuda  increased  both  in  quantity 
md  hk  v»hw  from  1904  to  1906.  The  |»odiict  sold 
frnh  Hieieauiid  in  w«$|^  1,1110,000  poonds,  or  SO  per 
eoit,  and  in  value  $40,000,  or  90  per  cent.  The 
salted  product,  however,  showed  a  considerable  de- 
crease, the  loss  in  weight  being  104,000  pounds,  or 
48  per  cent,  and  that  in  value  $4,100,  or  54  per  cent. 

Flounders  and  sole. — In  the  group  of  flat  fishes,  both 
flsnndn  «m1  sole  flhflfwvd  deeieases,  as  compared  with 
1904.  fii  1908  the  ealeh  of  bo^  was  greater  than 
lini  <t  liMiiHB,  hm  ^tm  ▼ahw  of  the  latter  was 


greater.  The  reports  of  1904  show  a  product  of 
4,336,000  pounds  of  flounders,  valued  at  $84,000, 
while  in  1908  the  product  was  only  3,193,000  pounds, 
valued  at  $80,000.  The  decrease  amounted  to  26  per 
cent  in  quantity  and  5  per  cent  in  value.  No  salted 
product  was  repmted  bj  Cahfanaalishemien  in  1908. 
The  quantity  of  sole  in  1904  was  3,874,000 

pounds,  and  in  1908,  3,487,000  pounds,  a  decrease  of 
386,000  pounds,  or  10  per  cent.  The  value  of  the 
catch  during  the  period  indicated  fell  from  $69,000 
to  $65,000,  a  decrease  of  6  per  cent. 

Oysters. — The  oyster  industry,  while  of  considerable 
importance,  has  decreased  gradually  from  1899  to 
1908.  It  is  difficult  adequate^  to  explain  thk 
decrease.  There  is  no  doubt  that  the  year  1908 
was  a  poor  one,  some  beds  not  yielding  more  than 
10  per  cent  of  the  usual  catch.  All  of  the  oysters 
reported  at  the  present  census  were  taken  from  private 
beds  and  used  for  market  purposes  only.  All  seed 
oysters  planted  during  the  year  were  shipped  horn 
eastern  beib  fmr  that  puipose.  No  attempt  was  made 
at  the  present  census  to  show  8e|MBato|y  the  yield  of 
eastern  and  of  native  species. 

Crustaceans. — Crabs  show  a  decrease  between  1904 
and  1908  of  67  per  cent  in  quantity  and  56  per  cent 
in  value.  Spiny  lobsters  decreased  in  quantity 
during  the  same  pniod  47  per  cent,  but  the  value 
increased  00  per  emi.  The  decrease  in  tiie  shrimp 
product  was  47  per  eent  in  quantity  and  54  per  cent 
in  value. 

Ahalone. — The  abalone  industry  in  the  United 
States  is  confined  to  California  and  is  materially 
increasing  in  importance.  In  1904  the  total  product 
was  valued  at  $9,400,  vdiile  in  1908  the  value  was 
$22,000,  an  increase  of  134  per  coit. 

Whale  products. — ^Whale  products  constituted  the 
principal  products  of  the  vessel  fisheries  of  Cahfornia, 
but  showed  a  decrease  in  value  from  1904  to  1908  of 
$261,000,  or  66  per  cent.  Indeed,  there  has  been  a 
steady  decrease  in  whale  products  for  several  years. 
In  1904  the  Bureau  of  Fishories  reported  87,000  poimds 
of  whalebmie,  valued  at  $375,000,  and  43,000  gallons 
ol  oil,  valued  at  $18,000.  The  whaling  fleet  eompfised 
seven  vessels,  of  2,328  tons  net  register. 

Sea  lions. — ^An  industry  of  considerable  importance 
is  the  capture  of  sea  lions,  which  are  sold  alive  for 
exhibition  purposes.  As  but  one  fishery  of  this  class 
was  reported,  the  product  is  included  in  the  group  of 
"All  other,"  to  avoid  the  ^BUhmae  of  individnal 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

Tabm  1.— CALIFORNIA— fishery  PRODUCTS:  1908. 


89 


Bamcods... 
Btoekbaas... 

Black  cod... 


Bonito  

Carp,  German. 
Cat£ab. 


Ood^Mdted.. 

Croaker  

Cultus  cod  

Flounders  and 


Hake,  silver.. 

Herring  

Horse  mackerel. 

Jewflsb  

Kingfish  

Mul&t  


Pompano,  or 

butterfish  

Redfish,  or  fat- 
head   

Rockfish  

Sacramento 
pike  


Salmon,  bine- 

back  

Salmon,  chi. 

nook  

Salmon,  ailTcr. 


Oar  dines. 


Sc«-bina. 
Sea  trout. 

Shad  

Skates.... 
Smelt  


Spanish  mack- 
erel  

Squeteague,  or 
white  sea-bass 

Stf^baw... 

Stui|{eon  

Sorf-flsh,  or  vl- 
viparous 
perch  


Swordflsh . 
Tnnood... 
Wtaltefldi.. 

Yellowfln  . 
Yellowtail. 
All  other.. 


&abs,  hard... 
Stariiu])*  ■■■>■>. 
Shrimp  sbelb. 
Sphiylobater., 


tout. 


QOHltitv 
(pounda). 


47,477,000 


Abalone  

Abalone  shells 
Clams,  hard. . . 

Clams,  soft  

Mussels  


Ojaters,  market, 
Ban  nrtvate  areas 
Sqidd.r.  

Wbalebone  

Oil,  whale  

Oil,  sperm  


220,000 
3,205,000 
82,000 
35,000 

329,000 
427,000 

1,060,000 
197,000 

S,M,O0O 

58,000 
167,000 

6,681,000 
32,000 

825,000 
39,000 
161,000 
682,000 
3.600 


89,000 
13,000 

147,009 

8,846,000 
141,000 

78,000 

4,638,000 

4,900 
32,000 
1,169,000 
124,000 
718,000 

349,000 

1,337,000 
1,776,000 
10,000 

198,000 

7,800 
«,000 
406,000 

12,000 
671.000 
603,000 

1,702,000 
258,000 
721,000 

573,000 

1,005,000 
230,000 
« 132,000 
< 468,000 
08,000 


» 729, 000 
110,000 
38,000 
32,000 
•13,000 
'  169,000 


Value. 


$1,970,000 


1,600 

88,000 
8,200 
400 

6,100 
4,300 
66,000 

s,aoo 

M,000 

1,800 
4,800 

144,000 

300 

11,000 
600 
2,600 

12,000 
300 


13,000 

aoo 

80,000 

too 

4,«0 

460,000 
4,200 

2,800 
30,000 

200 
300 

12,000 
1,000 

41,000 

5,300 

42,000 
135,000 
500 

5,400 

200 
1,500 
5,800 
400 
14,000 
14,000 

69,000 
31,000 
1.800 

69,000 

16,000 
5,200 
4,500 
5,300 
1,600 


337,000 
4,400 
1,300 
119,000 
900 
12,000 


FBODUCT  CAUGHT  BT— 


Offlnets. 

LlBH. 

Seines. 

Paranaella  neli. 

JryBSnen. 

AU  ottMT  appatatoM 

Quantity 
(poands). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quanti^ 
(pounds). 

Value. 

1 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

VakM. 

18,427,000 

1769,000 

8,136,000 

1212,000 

6,892,000  , 

1116,000 

4,722,000 

187,000 

1,218,000 

102,000 

8,082,000 

9m,m 

65,000 
3,6ia,000 
40,000 

400 
74,000 
4,000 

165,000 

1,200 

......... 

562,000 

14,000 

22,000 

2,200 

20,000 

2,000 

35,000 
40,000 

400 
600 

289,000 
382,000 

5,500 
3,800 

45,000 
1,068,000 

400 
66,000 

400 
24,000 

(*i 
200 

173,000 

3,100 

0,298,000 

•4,000 

29,000 
400 

526,000 

32,000 

634,000 
39,000 
35,000 
87,000 
1,600 

26»000 

900 
(») 

10,000 
300 

8,500 

aio 

700 
1,800 
100 

4,600 

29,000 

900 

129,000 
460,000 

3,600 
12,000 

38,000 
3,629,000 

1,100 
68,000 

122,000 

2,200 

1,944,000 

192,000 

2,500 

119,000 
16,000 

1,800 
200 

7,500 

100 

238,000 
2,100 

54,000 

3,200 
300 

7,900 

341,000 

6,600 

3,000 

13,000 
2,100,000 

300 

200 
87,000 

7,200 

400 

«,000 
90,000 

0,000 

7,682,000 
106,000 

19,000 

86,000 

4,900 

1,000 
600 

S,800 

411,000 
3,200 

700 
400 

200 

8,000 

(») 

83,000 

2,400 

84,000 

870,000 
35,000 

13,000 
4,652,000 

2,100 

38,000 
1,000 

500 
30,000 

204,000 

10,000 

200 

(*) 

5,000 

500 

80,000 

1,200 

32,000 
400 

300 
(*) 

1,143,000 

12,000 

1,000 
124,000 

(») 

1,000 

25,000 

200 

408,000 

243,000 

1,316,000 
1,700,000 
10,000 

83,000 

28,000 

4,000 

41,000 
121,000 
OOO 

2, 100 

220,000 

13,000 

lUO,  UUU 

14,000 
800 

600 
100 

100 
18,000 

1,^ 

6,400 

200 

20,000 

2,000 

4,100 
7,8 

100 

111,000 

3,200 

2,000 

100 

1,300 

100 

46,666 

460,000 

1,300 
5,600 

6,700 

200 

5,500 
240,000 
95,000 

200 
5,500 
6,400 

7,000 
28,000 
7,200 

200 
900 

303,000 
500,000 

7,400 
6,700 

1 

300 

300 
6,100 

(«) 
200 

1,007,000 

258.000 
721.000 
573,000 

1,005,000 
230,000 
« 132,000 
« 408,000 
88,000 

»  729,000 

88,600 

31.000 
1.800 
09,000 

16,000 
6,200 

is 

387,000 

110,000 

4.400 

38,000 

32.000 

1,300 

119.000 

•13.000  1  900 
1 160,000  12,000 

I  Includes  apparatus,  with  catch,  as  follows:  Dredges,  tongs,  etc.,  729,000  pounds,  valued  at  8337,000;  pal^  ] 
04,000  pounds,  valued  at  $132^000;  trammel  nets,  1,951,000  pounds,  valued  at  I52JM0;  turUe  and  aliilnp  ■« 
1,235,000  pounds,  yaivmiatt9a^juajataMm^ 

*  Lees  than  8100.  iy^fUHmilam  'tfjNtlMH 


at  8137,000;  whaling  t 
TahMd  at  834,000:  abakoe  ootflt; 


•1,310 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  tFNITED  STATES,  1908. 

J.— CALIFORNIA— PRODUCTS  OF  SHORE  AND  BOAT  FISHERIES:  1908. 


M,  800, 000 


Bbrkood... 

Booito  


Oimker.... 

CultUS  CO*. 

FkMinders. 


Hake,  silver..... 

Bmriar.  

imaekmL. 


KTngftsh  

MacWi.chab. 
Mallet  

^Mnpano  


Redfish.  or  fathead. 

Rockfish,  fresh  

Rockfish.  salted  

Sacnmoito  pike  


Sote.  

Spanish  mackerel,  fresh. 
Spanish  mackcnl,  aiUed . 

Sqaeteagoe,! 

bass  

Striped  bass 


510.000 
32.000 
220.000 
3,001,000 
112,000 

82.000 
35.000 
329.000 
427,000 

58,000 
117.000 
2,741.000 

32,000 
825,000 

a»,ooo 

■ss 

337,000 
173,000 
3,000 
82,000 

13.000 
2.131,000 
8.800 
20,000 

m,ooo 

8,808,000 
«,000 


Stiu  geoti.  -.,  , 

SorMdi,  OP  vlTlpwDOt 


2,587,000 
.  4,900 
32,000 
1,100.000 

n8,ooo 

222,000 
326,000 
23,000 

1,326.000 
1,776,000 

10,000 

188,000 

iSt 

5,700 
12,000 
564,  OW 
0,108 
44,000 

1,097.000 
258.000 
721,000 


1,005.000 
230,000 
'M^OOO 

68,000 

•739.000 
110,000 
38*000 


6.600 
900 
1.600 
83,000 
3,500 

8.200 
400 
6. 100 
4,300 
88,888 

1.900 
3.200 
69,000 

300 
11,000 
000 
1,700 
800 

5.100 
3,100 

aoo 

13,000 

200 
54,000 
300 
500 

4.900 

458.000 
1,700 

16,000 
200 

300 
12.000 
41.000 

4,400 
4,600 
700 

42,000 
135,000 

500 

5,400 


700 

68.000 
31,000 
1,800 
87,000 

16,000 
5,200 
4.500 
^888 

1,8» 

337.000 
4,400 
1,300 


1  oawti. 

1  QoantitT 
tigmnOi). 

Valna. 

Vataa. 

Quanaty 
(pmnidsji 

Vatna. 

Quantity 
(paunds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pooDda}. 

|!l8.388.000 

8763.000 

4.619.000 

8111.000 

4,794.000 

8101,000 

1.218.000 

862.000 

4,000 

$100 

7.838,000 

$591,000 

42.000 

800 

468.000 
32,000 

5,800 
900 

55.000 
2,552,000 
73,000 

1  40,000 

400 
71,000 
2,300 

4,000 

165,000 

1,200 

500,000 
39,000 

12,000 
1,200 

22,000 

2,200 

20,000 

2,000 

35,000 
40^000 

40O 
OOO 

:     289. 000 
382,000 

5.500 
3,800 

1 

45.000 
1,818^800 

400 
56,000 

400 

29,000 

m 

900 

29.000 
!|  400 
1  400.000 

32.000 
634.000 
39,000 
36,000 

900 
(•) 

8,300 

300 
8,500 
600 
700 

117,000 
312,000 

3,200 
7,900 

102,000 

2,000 

2,300 

(») 

1,925,000 

81.808 

192,000 

2,500 

96.000 
22,000 

16,000 

1,000 
800 

200 

7,500 

U8 

87.000 
1  173,000 
1,000 
1  25,000 

i 

1.800 
3,100 
100 
4,000 

234,000 

3,100 

2. 100 
54,000 

300 
7,900 

3.000 

13,000 
2,064.000 
8,800 

300 

200 
53.000 
300 

59,000 

1 

1.200 

8,000 

(») 

20,000 

83,000 
7,651,000 
31,000 
108,000 

86,000 
4,900 

500 

2,800 
409,000 
1,400 
3,200 

m 

400 

200 

64,000 
863,000 
7,200 
36,000 
18,008 

2,482,000 

2,100 
38,000 

300 
1,000 

808 

15,000 

294,000 

10,000 

300 

(») 

8,888 

808 

38,000 

1,200 

32,000 
400 

300 
(•) 

1,143,000 
498,000 

126,000 
231,000 
13,000 

1,311,000 
1,739,000 

10,000 

83,000 

12,000 
28,000 

1,900 
3,600 
400 

41,000 
131,000 

500 

2,100 

25,000 

200 

1,000 

(«) 

13.000 
200 

73,000 
95,000 
10,000 

14,000 
80O 

2,200 
1,100 
300 

600 
100 

20,000 

3,000 

100 

100 
16,000 

(') 

1,500 

20,000 

2,000 

4,100 
7,800 

100 

aoo 

111,000 

3,200 

S,80» 

M8 

1,300 

100 

300 

(') 

5,700 

1  5,500 
240,000 

200 
5,500 

7,666 

28,000 

200 
900 

296.000 
6,100 

7,200 
200 

37,008 

300 

7,000 

300 

300 

(») 

1,697,000 
258,000 
721,000 
558,000 

J, 005.000 
2:50,000 
•132,000 
•488,000 

68,000 

•729,000 

68,000 
31,000 
1,800 
•7,888 

16,000 
5,200 
4,500 

%aat 

l,88i 

337,000 

!  

1 

110,000 

4,400 

38,000 

1,300 

at  087,000;  pots,  2.255,000  pounds,  Tahied  at  $135,008;  tmnnd  nets,  1,936,088 
~  1,235,000  pounds,  valned  st822,000;  aodadaarivpantus,  667,008 


FISraSRIES,  BY  STATES. 

Table  3.— CALIFORNIA— PRODUCTS  OF  VESSEL  FISHERIES:  1908. 


nsh: 


Barracuda. 

Cod,  salted. 
CultUS  cod. 
Flounden. . 


Mackerel,! 
Pompano, 
Rockfish. 
Sardines. 
Sea  bass.. 


Skates  

Sole  

Tomcod... 


Crabs,  hard... 
S|gto^loterttet. 

oa.wiiaii..M 

01l.«wai... 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


M^fur.ooo 


31,000 
3,298,000 

50,000 
452,000 
846,808 

24,000 
7,200 
179,000 
2,071,000 
12,000 

124.000 
3,265,000 

46,000 
460,000 

19,000 

5,100 
15,000 
32,000 
<  13,000 
•160,000 


Value. 


900 
94,000 

1,500 
10,000 

«,500 

200 
400 
6, 100 
14,000 
400 

1,000 
60,000 
1.300 
5,600 
8»S08 

200 
1,900 
119,000 
900 
12,000 


Fanosella  nets. 

Seines. 

QUI  nets. 

All  other  apparatus.* 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

QuantttT 
(poonds). 

▼aim. 

Qnaotltr 
(poonds). 

8,817.888 

8101,000 

4.718.000 

887,000 

$15,000 

38,880 

•8,888 

844,888 

13,000 
3,298,000 
12,000 
72,000 

400 
94,000 
400 
2,200 

18,808 

38,000 
365,000 
341.008 

1,100 
7,700 
8,500 

15,000 

808 

3,600 

100 

aoo 

7,200 
63,000 

400 
2,400 

116,000 

3,700 

2,071.000 

14.000 

6,400 

IHOOO 

3,262,000 
46,000 
460,000 

200 

1,000 
60,000 
1,300 
5,600 

5,200 

ioo 

»,m 

18^8B8 

1^988 

5,100 

aoo 

15,000 
32,000 
•  13.000 
•160,000 

1,900 
119,000 
900 
12,000 

>  Kaohitive  of  the  oyster  catch  of  c 
•  laeliides^^waUis,  with  catch. 


iriilohiBtaiolcKled  under 

214/100  pounds. 


CONNECTICUT. 

In  1908  Connecticut  ranked  ninth  among  the  states 
in  the  total  value  of  fishery  products,  while  it  held 
first  place  in  respect  to  the  value  of  the  oyster  product 
and  third  place  in  respect  to  the  menhaden  product. 
The  oyster  industry  formed  by  far  the  most  important 
part  of  the  fisheries  of  the  state,  and  it  was  to  this 
industry  that  the  Connecticut  fishwies  owed  thor 
high  rank.  The  principal  fishing  grounds  are  Long 
Island  Sound  and  the  Connecticut  River,  but  com- 
mercial fishing  is  also  conducted  to  some  extent  on 
the  Saugatuck,  Housatonic,  West,  East,  Indian, 
Four  Mile,  Mystic,  and  Pawcatuck  Rivers,  as  well  as 
on  some  jmaxx  streams  and  inlets.  A  gmeral  sum- 
maiy  of  the  fisheries  ci  the  state  for  1906  is  gtwea  in 
the  fdUowing  statement: 

Number  of  paow  cnploTed   2, 147 

Capital: 

Veeselfl  and  boats,  including  outfit  fl,  112,600 

Appamtm  of  oqptiira   84,000 

Shore  and  acceeBOiy  pioperty  and  caab.   1, 066, 000 

Value  of  products   2,982,000 

Comparison  wi(h  previous  canvasses. — In  comparing 
the  number  of  persons  employed  in  1908  and  the  num- 
bers employed  in  previous  years,  shoresnieu  are  ex- 
cluded, since  the  figures  reported  for  shoresmen  by  the 
Bureau  of  Fisheries  include  those  employed  in  packing 
and  ftimwmg  estahfishments  and  other  shore  industries 
connected  with  the  fisheries. 

The  following  tabular  statement  presents  a  com- 
parative summary  of  the  principal  items  of  the  Con- 
necticut fisheries  for  a  series  of  years: 


TXAB. 

Per- 
sons 
em- 
ployed, 
exclu- 
sive of 
sbons- 

TAtUB  or  xqcmrxNT. 

WODUCTS. 

Total 

Vessels 
and  boats, 
including 

outfit. 

Appa- 
ratus 

of  cap- 
ture. 

QuantttT 
(pounds). 

1,895 
2,304 
1.865 
1.880 
%$U 

81,196,000 
1,077,000 
763,000 
718,000 

81,112,000 
1,014,000 
698,000 
647,000 

7n,ooo 

884,000 

6.3,000 
65,000 
71,000 
106,000 

66,942,000 
74,973,000 
37, 8:12,  000 
31,920,000 
92,672,000 

82,982,000 
3.17-1,000 
1,799,000 
1,500,000 
l.H^HS 

The  number  of  persons,  exclusive  of  shoresmen, 
employed  in  the  fisheries  decreased  considerably  from 
1889  to  1898.  In  1905  a  relatively  large  number  was 
returned,  but  the  numbw  reported  in  1906  did  not 
differ  greatly  from  those  for  1902  and  1898.  In  the 
report  of  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries  for  the  year  1898  the 
decrease  from  1889  to  1898  is  ascribed  principally  to 
the  use  of  better  equipment  both  in  vessels  and  in 
apparatus  of  capture. 

While  there  has  been  considerable  fluctuation  in  the 
quantity  of  the  jnoduct,  the  yalue  increased  steadily 
from  1889  to  1905,  after  which  year  a  slight  deowaae 
occurred.  The  total  value  of  equipment,  which  has 
been  advancing  since  1898,  was  greater  in  1908  than 
in  any  previous  year  for  which  statistics  arc  avaihible. 

Persons  employed. — The  vessel  fisheries  gave  em- 
ployment directly  to  one-half  of  the  persons  employed 
in  the  fisheries  of  the  state,  and  the  majority  of  these 
emi^yees  wne  wage-earners.  In  tiie  shore  and  boat 
fisheries,  on  the  other  liand,  tiie  wage-earners  formed 
less  than  one-tenth  of  the  persons  engaged  in  fisheries 
of  this  class.  All  but  two  of  the  shoresmen  were 
reported  as  connected  with  the  vessel  fisheries. 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


The  number,  salaries,  and  wages  of  the  persons 
employed  in  iim  SAmm  of  tiie  sUto  in  190S  vera  as 
foUows: 


naaiuia  emfloyed:  190S. 

NoBber. 

Total. 

Pro- 
prie- 
tors 
and 
inde- 
pend- 
ent 

Sala- 
ried 
cni- 

ploy- 

Wage- 
eamefs. 

j 

TotaL 

Sala- 
ries. 

WlWH. 

%Ui\ 

I  «t52 

 ^ 

1,162 

S544.000 

S42,000 

*  1802,000 

1,077 

m 

421.000 

42,000 

379,000 

27 

8 

19 

7,00l> 

7,600 

791 

292 

no 

75 
252 

19,000 
96,000 

19,000 

prietors  not  fisbing. 

^  t9  tba  vatua  of  WgOOO. 


nd  oOker  eapUai. — ^The  following  tabular 
■iMtemeiit  gives  the  description  and  value  of  vessels 
and  boats,  together  with  the  value  of  apparatus  of  cap- 
>,  and  the  amount  of  other  capital  employed  for  the 
190S: 


Total  

indoding  outfit. 


Vessels. 
Outfit.. 
Other  


and! 

Outfit.! 


cayral:  1MB. 


$2,281,000 


994,000 
973,000 
868,000 
70S, 000 
160,000 
1(H,000 
71.000 
33,000 
1,100 
22,UUU 
17,000 
13,000 
3,300 
3,700 
3,200 
500 
1,500 
118,000 
76.000 
30,000 
12,000 
500 
84,000 
34,000 
49,000 
513,000 
572,000 


243 
227 
132 


6,502 

8»a8« 


91 


4 

16 
8 


2 

1,069 
240 
139 
680 
10 


1,149 


118 
60 


49 


The  investment  in  floating  craft  and  apparatus  of 
capture  was  $1,196,000,  or  52  per  cent  ot  the  total 
capM  mvwtod,  as  eoiiqMved  ivith  $1,066,000,  or  48 
per  cm%,  npcMied  for  alMra  and  Mcmuxj  property 
amd  cadi  capital. 

The  preeminence  of  the  vessel  fisheries  is  indicated 
by  the  high  value  of  the  vessels  engaged  in  fishing 
mnd  transporting.  Of  the  total  investment  in  1908, 
$994,000  repreamtB  flie  inTeatnieiit  in  fishing  and 
voMli  mmh  tiMff  ontfit,  and  $118,000 
ihb  ja^eatrnwii  m  boata  tnth  their  cntfii. 


Including  apparatus  of  capture,  the  investments  were 
$1,029,000  for  vessel  fiahoieB  and  $167,000  for  shore 
and  boat  fisheries. 

The  number  of  vessels  reported  as  engaged  in  fishing 
and  transporting  in  1906  waa  243,  which  is  greater 
by  49  than  the  total  number  xeptMrted  for  1902.  There 
was  a  corresponding  difference  in  the  value  of  vessels 
and  their  outfit  for  the  two  years  named,  the  value  in 
1908  being  greater  by  $367,000  than  in  1902. 

The  investment  in  apparatus  of  capture  for  the  shore 
and  boat  fisheries  exceeded  that  for  the  vessel  fisheries 
in  1906,  although,  as  already  diown,  the  capital  in- 
vested in  ftiatui^  eraf t  and  i^paratus  of  capture  to- 
gether was  much  greater  for  the  Tsssd  fishenisB  than 
for  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 

The  various  kinds  of  apparatus  used  were  distributed 
between  the  vessel  fisheries  and  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries  as  follows: 


AfrABASnOVCUlUH.lMa 

Used  in— 

TotaL 

Vessel 
fisheries. 

Sbora 
and  boat 
flsholai. 

301 

301 
98 

269 

171 

11 

11 

16,725 
100 

1,813 
10 

14,012 
« 

76 

8 

m 

PniuetB,  hy  apeeiet. — ^The  fishery  products  of  the 
state  are  given,  by  species  and  by  af^iamtos  of  capture, 

in  Table  1,  on  page  94. 

A  comparison  with  the  statistics  for  former  years 
shows,  in  general,  an  increase  in  the  total  of  fishery 
products,  due  duefty  to  the  growth  of  the  oyster  indus- 
try. Oysters,  menhaden,  and  lobsters,  shown  sq»a- 
rately  in  the  table  below,  woto  the  only  products  with 
a  value  forming  more  than  1  per  cent  of  the  total  value 
of  all  fishery  products  in  1908. 


TAuni  or  ncmvcta. 

1906 

tm 

IMS 

18M 

ISBt 

Total  

Ovsters  

Lobster.  

All  otber  

13,174,000 

$1,700,000 

$1,560,000 

$1,558,000 

3,01,000 

S3, 000 

84,000 
221,000 

2,810,000 
72,000 
56,000 
236,000 

1,472,000 
48,000 
41,000 
230,000 

1,240,000 
26,000 
84,000 
200,000 

1,062,000 
101,000 
M,«0B 

Prodfietgf  hy  ebus  of  Jtskeries—Tahle  2,  page  96, 
shows  in  detail  the  products  of  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries,  and  Table  3,  page  96,  those  of  the  vessel 
fisheries,  by  species  and  by  apparatus  of  capture. 

The  value  of  the  product  for  1908  of  the  species 
showing  a  value  of  more  than  $10,000  is  given  in  the 
tabular  statement  f (dtlowiiig  for  aU  fisheries,  and  for 
the  vessel  fidieries  and  the  shore  and  boat  fishaka 


FimSBim,  BY  STAXm 


93 


Total. 


Fish  

Menhaden  

Cod  

Flatfish  and  flounden. 

Shad  

Swordfish  

Alewives  

All  other  

Oysters  

Lobster  

Whale  and  oil  products. . . 

Clams  

Allotha  


rum  or 


TotaL 


Vessel 


$2,982,000 


246,000 
93,000 
27,000 
21,000 
18,000 
15,000 
12,000 
60,000 
2,583,000 
84,000 
31,000 
26,000 
12,000 


$2,713,000 


173,000 
91,000 

25,000 
9,600 


14,000 
300 
33.000 

2,484.000 
1.5,000 
31,000 
3,(»0 
7,000 


Shore 
and  boat 


$268,000 


73,000 
2,400 
1,500 
12,000 
18,000 
200 
12,000 
27,000 
99,000 
69,000 


22,000 
5,000 


Produds,  iy  apparatiis  of  capture. — ^The  distribution 
of  the  total  value  of  products  according  to  the  chief 
kinds  of  apparatus  used  is  shown  in  the  tabular  state- 
ment below.  Each  kind  of  apparatus  which  is  cred- 
ited with  a  total  catch  exceedbig  $10,000  in  value  is 
given  separately. 


TaM.  

Dredges,  toilfi,«te... 

Seines  

Eel  and  lobster  pots. . 
Pound  and  trap  nets. 


VALUE  or  fKODUCTS:  1908. 

Total. 

Vcasel 

fisheries. 

Sbon 

and  boat 

fisheries. 

t2,S82,000 

$2,718,000 

$208,000 

3,614,000 

116,000 
89,000 
43,000 
43,000 
41.000 
20,000 
UCSM 

2,488,000 
94,000 
15,000 
26,000 
42.000 
35,000 
4.300 

1 

120,000 
22,000 
73,000 
17,000 
1,300 
6,600 
16,000 

Oysters. — From  the  table  giving  the  comparison  of 
the  value  of  products  for  various  years  from  1889 
to  1908  it  is  seen  that  the  high  mark  of  production 
reached  in  1905  was  due  to  the  oyster  industry,  the 
total  value  of  products  other  than  oysters  for  that 
year  being  less  than  for  1908.  In  1905  the  value 
of  the  oyster  product  formed  89  per  cent  of  the  total, 
compared  with  87  per  cent  in  1908,  82  per  cent  in 
1902,  80  per  cent  in  1898,  and  68  per  cent  in  1889. 

The  statistics  of  the  oyster  product  for  1908,  by 
aomee  of  supply,  are  shown  in  the  fottowing  tabular 
statement: 


sniD  JJI>  Mimci. 

OTSTKB  PBODUCT:  1908. 

Value. 

Buahela. 

Percent 
dMribo- 

ttSiU 

Amount. 

Per  cent 
diatribu- 
ttai. 

Total  

WtOBl  pcfVita  MMB.  ...... 

lS^g?*ff*f:  

3,948,000 

100 

$2,583,000 

100 

217,000 
3,731,000 

5 
95 

103.000 
2,480,000 

4 

96 

1,395,000 

35 

1,168,000 

45 

6,300 
2,558,000 

(') 

38 

65 

4,400 
1,1S|,«$S 

1,415,000 

45 

55 

311,000 
t,M>,«$0 

5 
80 

09,000 
1,817.«00 

4 

61 

>  Less  than  1  per  cent. 


Connecticut  was  the  first  of  the  Northern  states  to 
cultivate  the  oyster  suoceasfulty.  In  localities  far- 
ther to  the  south  warm  weather  usuaUy  prevaUs 
in  the  early  summer  months  when  the  oysters  spawn 
and  a  ffood  "set"  usually  results,  but  in  Connecticut 
oyster  culture  is  hazardous  because  of  the  uncertainty 
of  the  ''set"  of  the  young  oyster,  an  abundant  "set" 
being  the  exception.  Hundreds  of  thousands 
busheb  of  shells  have  been  deposited  on  the  private 
grounds  for  the  purpose  of  furnishing  suitable  mate- 
rial to  which  diminutive  oysters  may  cling,  but  in 
rather  more  than  half  of  the  years  this  work  has  been 
profitless  because  of  the  destruction  of  the  "set"  by 
adverse  weather  conditions.  The  season  of  1908 
was  considered  a  prosperom  one  by  the  fishmnen,  tibs 
bivalves  being  Isige  and  of  a  superior  quality  and  tiis 
demand  being  such  as  to  keep  prices  at  a  remunnrar 
tive  figure.  The  average  price  of  market  oysters  per 
bushel  was  84  cents  and  of  seed  oysters  55  cents. 

The  returns  show  that  a  considerable  portion  of 
the  product  was  taken  by  Connecticut  fishermen 
from  beds  outside  of  the  state,  mainly  firom  Ihe  New 
York  ode  of  Long  Island  Sound  and  from  the  waters 
of  Bhode  Island  and  Massachusetts.  A  total  of 
1,270,000  bushels,  valued  at  $1,090,000,  was  so  re- 
ported. It  was  distributed  as  follows:  From  Rhode 
Island  waters,  720,000  bushels,  valued  at  $590,000; 
from  New  York  waters,  511,000  bushels,  valued  at 
$453,000;  and  from  Massachusetts  waters,  40,000 
biuhi^,  valued  at  $47,000. 

Oyster  fishing  is  conducted  principally  from  vessels. 
In  1908  only  about  4  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  total 
catch  was  credited  to  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 
Only  3  per  cent  of  the  product  of  the  vessel  fisheries 
was  taken  from  the  public  areas,  as  compared  with 
about  .60  per  cent  in  the  case  of  the  sluffie  and  boat 
fishmries. 

Jfynhadm. — In  1908  the  menhaden  catch  of  Con- 
necticut ranked  next  to  the  oyster  product  in  value, 
and  was  surpassed  in  value  only  by  the  catehes  of 
that  species  in  Virginia,  Delawu^,  and  North  Caro- 
lina. 

Lobsten.— The  value  of  the  yield  of  lobsters,  wUeh 
ranked  third  among  the  fishery  products  of  the  state 

in  1908,  was  greater  than  in  any  previous  year  for 
which  data  are  available.  It  was  more  than  double 
the  value  for  1902,  and  slightly  greater  than  tlio  values 
for  1898  and  1889.  The  quantity  in  1908,  however, 
was  only  661,000  pounds,  as  compared  with  1,501,000 
pounds  in  1889,  which  repiesmts  a  deersaae  of  66 
per  crat. 

Whale  and  Tdndred  products. — The  whale  and  oil 
products  reached  higher  figures  in  1908  than  in  any 
previous  year  for  which  a  canvass  was  made  since 
1880,  when  the  value  of  these  products  reported 
amounted  to  $53,000.  The  total  yield  for  1908 
included  49,000  gaUons  of  sperm  oil  and  se»^pliaat 
oil  and  1,700  pounds  of  wfaidebone. 


fS^ffiRIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1906. 


O^ifr  produHs. — Among  the  minor  products  was 
shad,  the  catch  of  which  increased  steadily  from  1889 
to  1905,  wImii  it  was  reported  as  485,000  pounds, 
ai  938,000.  Ilia  eatek  in  1908  was  eompara- 
tively  small,  amounting  to  otsiy  122,000  poondi, 
"Valued  at  $18,000.  The  entire  product  d  that  year 
was  taken  from  the  Connecticut  River,  with  the 
exception  of  a  small  quantity,  valued  at  $700,  which 
was  caught  in  traps  in  Long  Island  Sound  near  the 
of  die  ri^cr  named. 

aa  aiewiiee,  carp,  erie,  perch,  pidc- 
cnl,  alidad  bsM,  and  aodkm,  aggregating  $17,000 

a  tkaOoaneetwat  BiTcr.  The 


total  value  of  the  fish  obtained  from  this  river  was 
$34,000.  The  greater  part  of  the  smelt  were  from  the 
Saugatuck  River. 

Many  fidi  that  were  formerly  numeroua  in  Conneo- 
tieut  waters  are  no  hHiger  ahimdant.  Lees  than 
$700  worth  of  bluefish  were  caught  in  1908,  while  in 
1898  the  value  of  this  product  was  $33,000,  and  it 
ranked  third  in  value  among  the  fishery  products  of 
the  state.  The  value  of  the  halibut  catch,  which 
was  $20,000  m  1889,  fell  to  $600  in  1908.  In  1898 
the  Tahie  of  sea  baas  taken  amounted  to  $12,000, 
eonqpaied  with  95,400  hi  1906. 


Taks  1.— OONHBCnCDT— f1 


nr  FBODUOTS:  1906. 


Quantity 
(poaods). 


1.025.000 
7.900 
102,000 
7,000 


Value. 


I>,ff3,000 


dm  

Haddock  


Ibekcnl  

Menhaden.  

Pk-k»TPl   


111.000 

707.000 
24.000 
179.000 
S,MO 

122,000 
8,636,000 

7,600 
2.500 
25.000 

95.000 
61.000 
122.000 


180.000 
6,200 


Lotacr. 

Squid  

Clams.  hsT'l. 
dams,  aoti 


119.000 
4.700 
1.800 
5,000 

661.000 
21.000 
« 100.000 
»  42,000 


•44,000 

» 9, 718, 000 
•1,478,000 

16.306.000 

>•  7.200 


If  oasrl  shells  <>  5.403.000 

OU.  sea-elephant   »  88.  ODD 

Oil,  vbale  and  sperm   ■>  280.000 

Wm-mtalakbm   "1.400 

Wkalebone   1.700 


12,000 
700 
4. 100 
600 

»,m 

21.000 
900 
2.100 


8,900 
93.000 
400 

200 
800 

8.500 
5.400 
18,000 

m 

3,000 

u,on 

4,000 

100 
100 
300 

84,000 
400 
20,000 


4,400 

1.163,000 

99.000 

1,317,000 
200 

5.400 

a.fioo 

20.000 
6.000 
7.200 


PoQBd  ttid  tnp 

Lines. 

Gill  nets. 

Fyke  nets. 

All  other  apparatus.' 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds'). 

Value. 

On  Arffcltw 

(pounds). 

Value. 

(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

^uaudtT 

(pooads). 

Value. 

39,898,000 

mo,  000 

1,629,000 

843,000 

1,100,000 

841,000 

180,000 

no,  000 

112.000 

15,000 

34,533,00 

n,m,m 

858,000 
1,000 

10,000 
100 

154,000 
000 
102,000 

1,500 
100 
4,100 

"  '5,806' 

'  "566' 

4,500 

(') 

8,200 
500 

300 
(') 

7,400 

eoo 

200 

(') 

tt,00» 

7,«0 

508,000 

500 

15,000 

aa,ooo 

ao,ooo 

36,000 

62,000 

2,»> 
1,000 

0,000 

56,000 

800 
1,800 

OO^flM 

81,000 
24,000 

'"i'/sm 

23,000 

2,900 
900 

■  "eoo' 

1,500 

179,000 

2,100 

1 

I  27,000 
28,316,000 

'  5.400 
1,500 
4,500 

2,700 
92,000 

300 
100 
200 

6,600 
310.000 

300 
000 

66,000 
2,800 
(») 

4,300 
(») 

(') 

'6,'866' 

2,200 
1,000 

■••(V)" 
200 
100 

'  26,666' 

'666' 

95.000 
1,000 
7,200 

8,500 
100 
900 

68,000 

5,200 

i,io6 

100 

5,600 
5,009 

s,m 

12,000 
1,800 
42,000 

800 
MO 
1,100 

eoo 

200 
2,000 

107,000 

16,000 

2,700 

*  466 

1,500 

■  1G3.000 
3,000 

100 

6.0OO 
300 

5,500 

300 

400 
100 

100 

(•) 

1,400 
23,000 

200 
900 

240,000 
100 

15,000 

57,000 

2,100 

62.000 
4,700 

2.400 
100 

1.500 
1  2,000 

100 
100 

466 
2,100 

(') 
100 

900 

£m 

100 

% 

100 

(') 

661,000 

"«'i66,'666' 

*  42,000 

•4«,in 

'9,718,000 
•1,478,000 
•16,396,000 

••7,sae 

u  5,400,000 
i«  88,000 

1*280,000 
"1,400 
1.700 

84,000 

"  "26;666 

5,500 

*,m 

1,163,000 
99,000 
1,317,000 

5,400 

3,600 
20,000 
6,000 
7,200 

« 

1 

1 

>  Indodes  apparatu 
speaiB,  etc,  533,1 
*  Leas  than  SIOQ. 
■  Leas  thaa  100] 


ws:  Dredges,  toi 
It  $43,000;  firearms, 
•  6,300  bushels. 
'1,388,000  busheta. 
•mjOOO  bushels. 


valued  at  32,614,000; 
"  ,600;  and  minor  ap] 
•  2,342,000  bushels. 
"  700  bushels, 
u  90,000  bushels. 


1*  12,000  gallm. 
w  37,000  galh 
>«  200  skills. 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

Table  2.— CONNECTICUT— PRODUCTS  OF  SHORE  AND  BOAT  FISHERIES:  1908. 


96 


Quantity 
(pooadf). 


fatal. 


Alewlves  

Bluefish  

Butterfish  

OMJjp,  OstllMD. 


Flatfish  and  floun- 
ders   

Hake,  silver  

MMdBKd. 


X^WP.. ........... 

Pickerel  

Pollack  

8cup  

SOkMOi  


Shad  

Shiner  

Smelt  

Squetcaguo  . 
Striped  bass. 


gn^wa.... 
Swordflsh. 
ItatfoK. 


Lobster. 

SoDid. 

OMIO, 


Qfiten,  market,  from 
pidliie  areas  

OjitMB,  market,  from 
private  areas  

Ojgrten,  seed ,  from  pub- 

,  aeedf  Crampri. 


Miiniliitiiillii 


0,182,000 


992,000 
7,200 

31,000 
7,600 

42,000 

110,000 

404,000 
49,000 
8,300 
374,000 

7,600 
2,500 
15,000 
3,900 

0.  000 

122,000 
5,5(X) 
10,000 

106.000 
4,700 

66,000 
2,800 

77,000 
1,800 

1,  «ao 

544,000 

15,000 

•  a,OBO 


•36,000 
'287,000 
•651,000 

•nt,«80 

M500 

"4,863,000 


Vahie. 


tSRS.OOO 


12,000 
(K)0 

1,300 
600 

1,600 

0,000 

12,000 
500 
600 

2,400 

400 
200 
400 
100 
000 

18,000 
400 
1,200 
3,900 
700 

3,000 
200 

2,800 
100 
300 

60,000 
300 
17,000 
5,400 


3,400 
38,000 
43,000 
15,000 

(*) 

4,700 


CM 


Pound  and  trap 

OiUaets. 

VyteMta. 

AUottwappa. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pomids). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pomods). 

115,000 

Value. 

Quantity 

Value. 

Quantity 
(poaods). 

Vataie. 

Quantity 

f  ■LimiulMl 
(POOBOSJ. 

Vahw. 

1,107,000 

122,000 

918,000 

117,000 

116,000 

163,000 

86,600 

112,000 

05,000 

6,748,000 

1301,000 



858,000 
300 

10,000 

(') 

120,000 
600 
31,000 

1,200 
100 
1,300 

4,500 

(») 

8,200 
500 

300 
(•) 

6,800 

500 

7,400 

600 

200 

(») 

5,800 

0,700 

254,000 
49,000 
2,600 
306,000 

200 

40O 

7,000 
500 
100 
900 

37,000 

1,400 

10,000 

62,000 

3,500 

1,900 

6,000 

56,000 

MO 

i,apo 

60,000 

200 

32,000 

1,000 

5,700 

500 

58,000 

5,400 
1,500 

1,400 

300 
100 

2,800 
(•) 

(«) 
(») 

6,800 

2,200 
1,000 

(») 

200 
100 

15,000 

400 

3,900 
1,000 

7,200 

100 
100 

900 

8,000 

500 

5,600 
5,500 
8,600 
12,000 
1,800 

42,000 

800 
400 

1,100 
600 
200 

2,000 

107,000 

16,000 

2,700 

400 

1,500 
89,000 
1,200 

100 
3,100 
200 

5,500 

300 

400 
100 

100 
(«) 

1,400 
23,000 

200 
900 

2,800 

 i,'566' 

2,000 

"i66' 
100 

22,000 
966' 

15,000 

800 

"  "i66" 

 i66' 

••(■»)••■ 

54,000 

2,100 

466' 
2,100 

...... 

100 

544,000 

69,000 

•84,000 
•41,000 

•36,000 

'287,000 

•651,000 

•179,000 

■•500 
»4, 863,000 

3,400 
38,000 
4I,«I 

(«) 

4,700 

1  Includes  apparatus,  with  catch,  as  follows:  Dredges,  tooct,  etc.,  6,141,000  pounds,  valued  attl26,000;  pots,  593,000  pounds,  vahied  at  373,000;  VfiTiniaij  ^piioii, ntr . 
14,000  pounds,  valued  at  tl«NO. 

t  Less  than  SIOO.  « ^000  bushels.  •  6^100  bushels.  •  93,000  bushels.  >•  100  bushels. 


FBIHKRIBB  OF  THE  UNFTBD  STATES,  1906. 

Tabu  8.— CONNECTICUT— PRODUCTS  OF  VESSEL  FISHERIES:  1908. 


Alnrint... 
Butieritak.. 

Cod  

Flatfish  and  I 
Haddock. 


Hake,  sUrer. 

Halibut  

Mackerel.... 


57,780,000 


Squid  

Gtams.  bard . 
ams,ia(t.. 


■Hrlcet,  from  pabUe  » 
■■rket.  from  private  I 
and,  from  public  am 


34,000 
71,000 
778,000 
303,000 
24,000 

130,000 
8,500 
114,000 
28^3118,000 

»,m 

91,000 
52,000 
74,m 

237,  on 

42,000 
4,700 
1,900 

117,000 

6,000 
«  16,000 
«800 

•8,400 
•9,431.000 
'827,000 
•14,3U,O0O 

>•  540, 000 
"88,000 
U280,000 
>*  1,400 
1,7«> 


$2,713,000 


300 

2,800 
25.000 
9,600 
900 

1,600 
600 
8,200 

n,m 

8,400 
4,800 

*s 

14,000 

1,700 
100 
100 

15,000 
100 

3.500 
100 

1.000 
1,125,000 
56,000 


600 
3,600 
20,000 
6,000 

7,aw 


Pound  and  trap  neta. 

AnotiMrftppntai.1 

(pMMdl). 

VahM. 

QuaBtitT 

(pomids). 

1 

326,000 

1 

[  28,290,000 

994,000 

937,000 

335,000 

711,000 

27,841,000  ^ 

32,550,000 

34,000 
71,000 

m,m 

300 
2,800 

200 
7,700 

772.000 
48,000 
24.000 

25,000 
2,000 
900 

130,000 

1,600 

8,500 
17,000 

600 
1,000 

27,000 

as»3f^m 

2,700 

n,ooo 

200 

4,0M 
4,000 

aoo 

(*) 

66,000 

4,300 

5,S0O 

200 

91,000 

8,400 

50,000 

4,700 

1,100 

100 

74,000 
1,800 

237,000 
100 

14,001 

(») 

7.500 
4.700 

300 
100 

34,000 

1,400 

700 

100 

1,200 

100 

117,000 

15,000 

0^000 

uo 

i 

•  16,000 
«800 

•8,400 

•  9,431,000 
T 827,000 

•  16,217,000 

•6,700 

i«  540, 000 
u  88,000 
"280,000 
i*l,«0 
1,100 

3,500 
100 

1,000 
1,125,000 
50,000 

600 
3,600 



[ 

'  laclu 


with  catch,  as  follows:  Dredges,  touRs.  etc..  ir.O+H.ofK)  pounds,  valued  at  $2,488,000;  harpoons,  spears,  ete., 
at  315^:  (Ul  nets,  66,000  pounds,  valued  at  34,300;  firearms,  88,000  pounds,  valued  at  $1600;  and  minor  " 

•  M>i  bHtakL  •  2,317,000  baaMi. 

•  LSf^WtaMt.  •700basliela. 


.  pounds,  valued  at  $42,000;  pots, 

 IS,  1,400  pounds,  valued  at  36,000i 

tt,000  gallons. 
^^UO^gallons. 


},  though  rankmg  twentj-fiist  in  the  total 
<if  its  SAery  iModnets,  was  seeond  in  Hb/b  mm- 
fisheries.  Judged  by  value  of  products,  the 
oyster  industry  led  and  the  menhaden  fisheries  were  a 
close  second,  these  two  industries  combined  being 
credited  with  59  per  cent  of  the  value  of  all  the  fishery 
products  of  the  state.  The  chief  fishing  grounds  of 
•n  tlM  AtiMitir  Ocean,  Delaware  Bay  and 
Bifw,  Belubotli  B»j,  ladiHi  Bm,  end 
Mbpillion  end  BtoMid  On  Creeks;  ptodnete  an  abo 
reported  from  a  number  of  minor  waters,  such  as 
Herring  Creek,  Pepper  Creek,  Nanticoke  River,  and 
others.  A  general  summary  of  the  industry  for  1908 
is  given  in  the  following  statement: 

Homber  of  persooa  employed  ,   1, 756 


Oompariton       frtvioiu  cama$9es, — The  following 

tabular  statement  allows  the  principal  statistics  of  the 
fisheries  of  Delaware  for  1908,  in  comparison  with 
those  reported  by  the  BurcAU  of  Fisheciei  for  1S97  and 
1904: 


Vessels  and  boat*,  incl 

Appaiatua  of  capture  

propor^ 


1372,000 
63,000 
9,500 


TMtm. 

Persons 

em- 
ployed, 
exclusive 

Am- 

nUilMJCTS. 

Total. 

Vessels 
and 
boats, 
including 
outfit. 

Appara- 
tus of 
capture. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

1908  

1904  

1897.  

1,744 
1,495 
2,006 

'  3435,000 
,  104,000 
1  123,000 

tm,ooo 

00,000 

37,000 

363,000 
35,000 
40,000 

170,769,000 
5,608,000 
8,648,000 

$.^1,000 
260,000 
262,000 

lepwteJ  wparatrty  In  tOMmdlnU 


Persons  employed. — ^The  report  of  the  Bureau  of 
Fisheries  for  the  year  1904  showed  1,495  persons  em- 
ployed in  the  fisheries  of  Delaware,  not  including 
shoraanaen.  The  distributJkm  of  the  petsoitt  employed 
in  1906  wm  as  kikm»'. 


* 


FISHERIES; 


BY  STATES. 


97 


CLAS3. 


TgtaL. 


ICS  

vessels  

iMMtflalMrica. 


mioini  mtmntiK  looe. 


Number. 


TotaL 


i,7se 


488 
10 
1.310 
13 


Proprie- 
tors and 


'  853 


Wage- 


903 


46 
3 
004 


442 
7 

U2 
13 


Wages. 


2  3146,000 


105,000 
700 
30,000 
1.000 


>  Exclusive  of  eight  proprietors  not  fishing. 
'T'TiffJiii  iwihliiM  Nnililiml  tir  tlmr  nAmvtttBJM, 


Orer  70  per  cent  of  the  total  nmnber 

in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  and  more  than  one- 
half  of  the  total  number  were  wage-earners,  independ- 
ent fishermen  being  relatively  not  so  numerous  in 
this  state  as  in  the  South  Atlantic  and  the  Gulf  states. 
Although  the  number  of  persons  fishing  on  their  own 
aeoomit  vod  not  employing  any  wage-eamos  is  not 
ascertainable,  yet  it  is  apparooit  Uiat  of  Uie  804 
proprietors  and  independent  fidiennea  engaged  in  shore 
and  boat  fisheries,  one-half  or  more  were  independent 
fishermen.  Of  the  442  wage-earners  in  the  vessel 
fisheries,  266,  or  more  than  one-half,  were  employed  in 
the  menhaden  fisheries. 

Equipment  and  o&er  Mpital.— The  following  tabular 
statement  diows  the  capital  xayested  in  the  industry 
and  its  distribution,  by  class  of  investment,  together 
with  the  number  and  t(nmafeof  the  vessels  and  the 
number  of  the  boats: 


Total  

y«Mta.  inelndliig  eotfll. . . , 

^HBilng  , 

Steam  and  motor... 

Vessels  

Omflt.  

SaU  

Vawto  

Outfit.  , 

TianspoTting  (ariU...... 

Vessels  

Outfit  

Boats  

Steam  and  motor  

Baa.  

JUm.  

iipparatus  of  capture  

Vessel  fisheries  

Shore  and  boat  fisheries 


OM«,000 


304,000 

329.000 
277. 000 

44. IKK) 
52,000 
42,000 
10,000 
$.400 
4,000 
400 
38,000 
25,000 
3,500 
9,500 
63,000 
24,000 
38.000 


65 
61 
12 

1,629 
1,070 
l.tll 

49 

437 

4 

702 

HO 
62 
614 

More  than  one-half  of  the  capital  was  invested  in 
steam  vessels.  Of  the  12  reported,  11,  with  a  total 
tonnage  of  1,136,  were  employed  in  menhaden  fish- 
eries, and  1,  of  5  tons,  in  oyster  dredging. 

The  total  investment  in  vtads,  botili  fishing  and 
transporting,  aggregated  $334,000,  the  investment  in 
boats  $38,000,  and  the  investment  in  apparatus  of 
capture  $63,000.  Of  the  latter,  $24,000  pertained  to 
vessel  fiisheries  and  $38,000  to  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 
76786°— 11  7 


The  investment  in  fishinii^  ami  transporting  vessels  and 
in  apparatus  of  capture  for  vessels  ajjgregated  .Soo8,000, 
of  which  93  per  cent  represents  the  value  of  vessels  and 
7  per  cent  that  of  apparatus  of  capture.  In  the  shore 
andboat^iMies^investment  in  boats  and  apparatus 
of  capture  ccnnbined  was  $77,000,  an  amomit  whidi  was 
about  equally  divided.  The  number  oi  eadi  kmd  of 
apparatus  used  was  as  foUows: 


Bow  neta   4 

Cast  nets   5 

Dip  nets   168 

Eel  and  lobster  pots  3, 167 

P'yke  and  hoop  nelB  1,806 

Gill  neta   865 


MtLsknit  trape  16,461 

Pound  ncf.-j   9 

Seines   261 

SpeuB   lis 

Stop  nets   15 

Turtle  nc't.H   13 


All  of  the  apparatus  enumerated  above,  except  1  gill 
net  and  23  seines,  was  used  in  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 

IhaductSj  by  species. — Table  1,  on  ptige  99,  gives  the 
wei^t  and  i^ue  d  the  fishery  product  of  the  state, 
distributed  by  species  and  by  apparatus  of  captuee. 

The  product  of  the  menhaden  fisheries  was  the  most 
important,  if  measured  by  market  values,  for,  although 
the  total  value  of  the  03'ster  product  was  greater,  one- 
third  of  the  latter  represented  seetl  oysters  and  but 
two-thirds  market  oysters.  In  quantity  the  men- 
haden ci^ch  largely  eicoeeded  that  ot  all  other  fishery 
products,  amounting  in  net  ve^^  to  neaily  60,000,000 
pounds,  compared  with  about  11,000,000  pounds  for 
all  other  fishery  products.  Even  if  the  oyster  catch  is 
considered  on  the  basis  of  gross  weight  at  an  average 
of  80  pounds  per  bushel,  instead  of  on  the  basis  of  con- 
tained meat,  the  menhaden  catch  is  still  in  excess  of 
aU  other  products  in  the  ratio  of  appiozhnately  30,000 
net  tons  to  19,000  net  Uma, 

Products,  by  class  of  fisheries. — Table  2,  on  page  99, 
gives  the  products  of  the  vessel  fisheries,  distributed 
according  to  apparatus  of  capture.  The  vessel  fishery 
products  were  limited  practically  to  menhaden  and 
oysters.  With  the  exception  of  the  products  of  the 
menhaden  and  oyster  fisheries  whidi  are  shown  in 
TaUe  2,  and  the  amall  amount  of  shad  and  aqueteagoe 
shown  in  the  same  table,  all  the  products  givat  in 
Table  1 ,  on  page  99,  were  reported  by  the  shore  and 
boat  fisheries.  Of  these  species,  the  portions  belong- 
ing to  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  were  as  follows: 
Menhaden,  54,000  pounds,  valued  at  $2,400;  shad, 
868,000  pounds,  valued  at  $68,000;  squeteague, 
2,587,000  pounds,  vafaied  at  $29,000;  maiiEet  oystera 
from  public  areas,  159,000  pounds  (repranofli^ 
23,000  bushels),  valued  at  $8,400;  maiiEet  oysters 
from  private  areas,  28,000  pounds  (representing  4,000 
bushels),  valued  at  $1, ()()();  and  seed  oysters  from  pub- 
lic areas,  338,000  pounds  (representing  48,000  bushels), 
vahied  at  $12,000.  The  total  produeta  of  the  shore 
and  boat  fisheries  in  1908  were  9,002,000  poundi^ 
having  a  value  of  $244,000.  Of  thc»e  producti^ 
4,327,000  pounds,  having  a  value  of  $69,000,  were 
caught  with  seines ;  1,073,000  pounds,  having  a  vahie  of 


OF  THE  UN  ITKD  STATES,  1908. 


$85,000,  with  gill  nets;  and  531,000  pounds,  having  a 
value  of  $23,000,  with  dredges  and  tongs,  and  the  re- 
nainderirilhtksoiliarfbfBiBof  appanlns  as  specified 
■iTiAb  1,  fi^99.  TIm  dikf  piodoeto  of  the  diore 
hhI  boat  thlw**—  were  in  the  order  of  value:  shad, 
$68,000;  squeteaguc,  $29,000;  muskrats  and  muskrat 
skins,  $24,000;  oystera»  $21/X)0i  eels,  $15,000;  and 
white  perch,  $14,000. 

The  distribution  of  the  catch  by  chief  pvodbMla  and 
%  daas  of  fiAcriea  was  as  IcAms: 


TutaL. 


licnhadeo  

Shad  

Squeteague  

Eeb.  

Perch,  white.. 
Itlf  li   . 


Striped  bats... 

Carp.  German. 

All  other  

Orsters  and  dams. 
QckteandlotMtcr. 


TAHB  oriKwvcn:  1908. 


Total. 


t641.000 


Vessel 
fisheries. 


S297.00O 


.Sliorc 
and  boat 
tUbales. 


S244.000 


328.000 
152.000 
fiS,000 
29,000 
U.0OO 
14,000 
8.400 
7,300 
7.300 
6,700 
20,000 
170,000 
14.000 
4,500 
M,000 
TOO 


lot).  000 
149,000 
100 
200 


147,000 


I 


179.000 
2.400 
68.000 
29,000 
15.000 
14.000 
8.400 
7,300 
7,300 
6,700 
20,000 
23.000 
14.000 
4..T0O 
24.000 
700 


t,  by  apparatus  of  capture, — The  total  vakie 
of  the  iihfliy  prodacts  was  dislriliiited  aeeotdlBg  to 

asfdlows: 


BHD  or  AFTJLUTVa. 

Vessel 
flsberiea. 

Shore 
and  boat 

8M.08e 

ff07.0O0 

.«244.0OO 

219,000 
170,000 
85,000 
24.000 
14.000 
8.400 
7.300 
8,100 
8,400 

150.000 
147,000 
100 

69.000 
23,000 
85,000 
24,000 
14.000 
8.400 
7,300 
6.100 
8,400 

The  c«tch  in  seines  led  in  Tahie  and  constituted 
^tenths  of  all  products  in  qoantitj.  The  chief 
species  caught  in  this  way  were  menhaden  and  sque- 
teague.  The  products  taken  by  dredges  and  tongs 
consisted  almost  entirely  of  oysters.  Shad,  sturgeon, 
and  striped  Immb  wete  the  leading  spedee  taken  with 
(9  Mil] 

iritki^SFlBi  aad  hoop  nets. 

OyHers. — ^The  oyster  yield  was  348,000  bushels, 
Tahied  at  $169,000,  and  contributed  31  per  cent  of 
the  value  of  all  products.  Of  the  total  quantity, 
155,000  bushels  were  market  oysters,  chiefly  from  pri- 
and  193,000  hoMi  seed  oysten,  afanoet 
■Uk  umm.  dirtribo(i<m  of  the 
ii  Am  Igr       MviraQK  tdindar 


Quantity 
(bushels). 


 •!  SM.OOB 

From  public  aretks  '  211.000 

From  private  areas  '  136,000 

Market  oysters  '  155,000 

From  public  areM.   2.5.000 

From  private  arm   129, 000 

Seed  oysters.   193,000 

From  pabbc  areas   186,000 

From  larivate  areas   7,000 


Value. 


M.OOO 
105,000 


112,000 


10.000 
102,000 

57,000 


i,aoo 


Oysters  from  private  areas  averaged  much  liigher 
in  value  than  those  from  public  areas,  the  market 
oysters  from  private  areas  having  an  ayerage  value  ot 
79  eenta  per  hadMl,  compared  with  40  cents  fcr  thoae 
from  puhfie  anas.  Of  the  maiket  oysters,  83  per 
cent,  in  quantity,  were  from  priyate  areas,  while  96 
per  cent  of  the  seed  oysters  were  from  public  areas 
and  but  4  per  cent  from  private  areas. 

Other  sheUjish. — The  clam  product  consisted  of  900 
bushels  of  hard  dams,  of  a  value  of  $1,300,  while  the 
lobster  product^  likewiae  small,  amounted  to  6,500 
pounds,  yahied  at  $800.  The  crab  catch,  it  should  be 
noted,  included  a  large  quantity  of  king  or  horseshoe 
crabs,  which  are  used  chiefly  as  fertilizers.  The  food 
crabs  comprised  soft-shell  crabs,  valued  at  $8,400,  and 
hard-shell  crabs,  valued  at  $600. 

Sgueteague  and  shad. — ^The  squeteague,  or  sea  trout, 
is  the  most  ahondant  of  the  food  fishes,  and  in  quantity 
the  catch  formed  nearly  <«ie4ia]f  of  them.  Jn  yahie, 
however,  it  was  greatly  exceeded  by  shad,  which  rep- 
resented nearly  two-fifths  of  the  value  of  all  food-fish 
products,  although  only  one-eighth  of  their  quantity. 
The  bulk  of  the  squeteague  catch  was  made  with  seines 
and  the  bulk  of  the  shad  catch  with  gill  nets. 

Jliidbralt.— The  mndorat  industiy  was  in|Mrtant, 
inaamndi  as  H  not  only  contributed  produ^  oi  a 
considerable  amount  but  furnished  emido3niMnt,  in 
whole  or  in  part,  to  a  large  number  of  men.  The  ani- 
mal is  trapped  chiefly  for  its  skin.  The  meat,  however, 
is  used  to  a  considerable  extent,  the  sale  of  110,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $3,800,  being  reported  in  1908.  The 
yahie  of  this  meat  has  been  indoded  in  the  sum  of 
$24,000  shown  in  the  taUes  as  the  yahie  of  miiakrat 
skins.  The  method  of  reporting  mnskrats  varied 
greatly.  In  most  cases  the  number  or  weight  of  the 
skins  was  reported  and  their  value,  regardless  of 
whether  they  were  sold  alone  and  the  carcasses  dis- 
carded, or  the  animals  were  sold  entire,  or  the  skins 
and  carcasses  were  mariceted  aeparatdy.  Hence  for 
the  purpose  of  tabidatibn  the  toial  yalue  in  the  gen- 
eral tables  has  been  ctedtted  to  the  skins.  The  average 
value  of  a  muskrat  carcass  was  6  cents  and  of  a  skin 
from  25  to  30  cents. 


flSHmiES,  BY  STATES. 

Table  1.— DELAWARE— FISHERY  PRODUCTS:  1908. 


Total. 


Alewives... 
lilack  biiss. 
Carp.  German. 


09d.. 


'  Onatar.... 

Eels  

FloimdiTS. 
gfLsh. 


MullPt  

Perch,  white  

Perch,  yellow  

Pike  and  pickerel. 
Shad  


Spot......... ........  ■• 

Bqaeteague,ot  sea  ttout 

Striped  bass  

Storgaon  


OftTtar. 

SudECis.. 


Tantof... 

AU  o&., 


FroRs  

Cralis,  hard.. 
Crabs,  soft... 
Cnteiktaif.. 

Lobster  

Turtles  

Tempin..... 




OntvSi  maffeet,  fmm  pol^ 
no  areas  

Oysters,  market,  from  pri- 
vate areas  

Oysters,  seed,  from  public 
areas  

Oysters,  seed,  from  private 


mosknt. 


TOTAL. 


Quantti 


ra,7W,000  1541,000 


Value. 


794,000 
2.100 
133.000 

m.ooo 

7.000 

79,000 
202.000 
17,000 
1,800 
60,815,000 

27,000 
173.000 
18.000 
11,000 
870,000 

IS.  000 
2,500,000 
53,000 
31,000 

3,100 
0,900 
85.000 

5.300 

1.900 
.57.000 
142.000 
2,980,000 

5.500 
64,000 

2,900 
••,•■0 


« 177,000 

'49.000 
•22.000 


8.400 
200 
6, 7(K) 
7,  SCO 
400 

2.900 
l.^.CXH) 
1.2(X) 

2(:o 

152,000 

1.000 
14.000 
1.700 
1.100 
G8,000 

1.300 
29.000 
7,300 
3,200 

3,900 
300 

2,800 
100 

700 
OOO 
8,400 
4,300 

800 
2,500 
1,900 

i,aQ0 


10,000 

108,000 

BfOOO 

3.. WO 
24,000 


OOllMtB. 

Fyke  and  boop 
asls. 

Liaes. 

Pound  nets. 

All  oOw  appa- 

v.uantiiy 
(pounds). 

Value. 

^uttULiiy 

(pounds). 

Value. 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds/. 

Value. 

Quantity 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

64,001,000 

1210,000 

1.075,000 

t85.000 

165.000 

S7,300 

206.000 

$6,100 

11.000 

$400 

5,220.000 

$224,000 

705,000 
700 
84.000 
66,000 

7,300 
100 
4,200 
2,900 

59,000 
,  300 
26,000 
4,800 

800 

1,:{00 
200 

25.000 

21.000 
81.  (KK) 

1.100 

3.800 

4,  OUU 

700 

100 

1,70(J 
6,000 

100 
300 

1.900 
7,000 

15,000 

100 
400 

700 

1,600 

100 

55.000 
!  2:J.0O0 
!        11.  (¥K) 
1..SO0 
59,815,000 

17.000 
liJX.OOO 
17,000 
8,200 
10,000 

.■5,500 
2,467,000 
23,000 

1 . 700 
1,000 
800 
200 
152,(XK) 

600 
11.000 
1,600 
800 
700 

400 
27.000 
3,000 

<V  AMI 

7,900 

7,600 

500 

100 

171,000 

13,000 

6,000 

4uU 

6.700 
24,000 

300 
2,000 

3,400 
6,200 
600 
400 

200 
500 

(«) 

(») 

2,500 

200 

3,000 

200 

300 
869,000 

9,400 
5.900 
29.000 
31,000 

3,100 

soo 

(«) 

67,000 

900 
300 
4,200 
3,200 

3,900 
(') 

2,600 

300 

1,0<X) 
300 

100 

{') 

114,000 
100 

1,300 
(•) 

1,500 

100 

6.600 

200 

2.500 

100 

.500 
.55.  (NN) 

(■») 

2.800 

4,800 

100 

300  <*) 

200 

(») 

1,900 

700 

55,666 

1,000 
580,000 

600 
(•) 

700 

aoo 
m 

(») 
(») 

1,000 

(■«') 

140,000 

2,400,000 

5,500 
29,000 

2,700 
*6,900 

« 177,000 

•905,000 

•1,303,000 

T  40.000 
•23,000 

8.400 

3,600 

800 
1,400 
1,700 
!,«» 

i«,an 

102.000 

63,000 

24,  ON 

4,700 
200 

200 
200 

15,000 

TOO 

6,200 

200 

i 

iIODludes  apparatas,  with  catch, as  foUows:  Dredges,  tones,  etc.,  2.441,000  pounds,  valued  at  $170,000:  muskrat  traps,  22,000  pounds,  valued  at  $24,000;  eel  and  lobatir 
Mts.  174.000  pounds,  valued  at  $14,000;  dip  nets,  140,000  pounds,  valued  at  $8,400;  baipooas,  q;wara.  etc.,  23,000  pounds,  valued  at$2,000;  stop  nets,  2,300  pounds,  — " —  -* 
fijSb:  turtle  traps,  ll/JOO  pounds,  valued  at  $600;  bow  and  cast  nets,  6,700  pounds,  vtfned  at  9400:  and  minw  apparatus,  2,4qgg0OO  pounds,  valued  at$3,6op. 

^OmmSmbm.       «MOtaSMb.       «aBbO0ObidMia.       »i2o/M)ob«Mi.       imjmwotAu       nfinimmB.  •u.ooobuiu. 


Tablb  S,— DBLAWAKE-PBODUGTS  OF  VESSEL  FISHERIES:  VMS. 


SFKCIES. 

TOTAL. 

PBODUCT  CAUOBT  BT— 

nvBd^ea,  tsttisB,  etc. 

GfllMta. 

Quantity 
(paoBds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(poonds). 

Value. 

Quanti^ 
(pooBds). 

Vabw. 

Quanttty 
(paaads). 

Vtlm. 

61.677.000 

$297,000 

».7l»i,000 

$150,000 

1,910,000 

$147,000 

1.600 

tioo 

Fish: 

n, 762,000 
1,600 

3.000 
>  18.000 
•877,000 
•966,000 
< 49,000 

149,000 
100 

200 
2.  OOO 
101,000 
41.000 
3,600 

59,762,000 

149,000 

1,M0 

m 

3,000 

200 

>18.000 
•877,000 
•068,000 

440,000 

2,000 
101,000 
41.000 
3.500 

Oysters,  seed,  from  public  areas  

Oysters,  seed,  from  private  areas  

'2,600  bushels. 


>  125,000  bualMls. 


*138/)00  bushels. 


« 7,000  bushels. 


100 


FISHEHIEt)  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


Duriiig  liie  last  three  decades  the  fisheries  of  Florida 
hK9%  gimni  atoMBly  in  Um  Ysins  oi  their  iHodoets, 
■hI  Im  imm  ikB  fliiite  held  fiflh  nak  in  thb  le^t. 

It  has  a  natural  monopoly  of  the  sponge  fisheries  of 
the  United  States,  eonitibvted  two-thirds,  in  value, 
of  the  mullet  product,  and  was  surpassed  in  the  value 
of  its  shad  product  only  by  Virginia  and  NorthCaroUna. 

Florida  has  the  longest  coast  line^of  any  state  in  the 
Vwmm,  mewjMiing  ftboot  4S0  nieB  mi  the  Atkntie 
Oemm  sad  875  nAm  on  the  Goif  of  Mexico.  The 
Atlantic  coast  is  remarkably  free  from  indentation, 
hot  is  bordered  throughout  almost  its  entire  length 
by  sand  reefs  that  inclose  long  lagoons,  sounds,  and 
bays  (often  misnamed  rivers),  in  which  fish  abound. 
The  principal  fishing  gioimds  on  this  coast  are  the 
Ukmia^  watets,  in  geographicftl  order:  St.  Marys, 
Si.  Mow,  and  Muteaao  Bims,  Lnke  George,  Mos- 
^■lo  Le^n,  Indian  Bim;  Bimijiio  B*7,  St.  Lode 
River,  and  Lake  Worth. 

The  Gulf  coast,  like  the  Atlantic  coast,  is  low,  but  it 
is  much  less  regular  and  is  intersected  by  the  estuaries 
'of  a  number  of  rivers  and  by  numerous  bays,  sounds, 
and  lagoons.  Following  the  indentations,  the  western 
km  of  Vlandtk  hmuim  i^^mfzimately  2,810 
Kaaify  afl  of  th»  An*  tiUmg  on  this  coast, 
the  eastern  coast,  is  pursued  in  the  shallow 
waters  shut  in  from  the  open  sea  by  keys  and  lowland 
spits.  The  principal  indentations  along  the  Gulf  coast 
where  commercial  fisliing  is  carried  on  are  the  follow- 
ing: The  bays  known  as  Pensacola,  Escambia,  Choo- 
St.  AaAnmu,  and  St.  Joseph,  St.  Vincent 
Apalacfaicoh  Bay,  St.  George's  Sound,  Wao- 
cassassee,  Clearwater,  TaBa|ia,  Hillsboro,  and  Sarasota 
Bays,  Charlotte  Harbor,  and  Gasparilla  and  San 
Carlos  Bays.  Among  the  rivers  the  Apalachicola, 
Withlacoochee,  Homosassa,  Anclote,  and  Manatee  are 
the  ^imapal  fishing  grounds. 

a  gensml  Miaunary  of 


tibe  statirtics  <^  the  fishii^f  industry  fd  tiie  ■tale  for 
1908: 

Number  of  penoM  oa^ogFed..   9, 212 

Capital: 

YeaselB  and  boats,  including  outfit.  |1, 421, 000 

Apparatus  of  CKfftian  1   326, 000 

Shore  and  accessofy  property  and  caA.   668, 000 

Value  of  products   3,  389,  000 

Comparison  with  previous  canvasses. — If  the  figures 
are  compared  with  those  reported  for  former  years, 
a  steady  inisease  in  the  importance  of  the  fishing 
iiidiiBby<rf  the  state  is  obserred.  A  eon^fMunson  with 
such  preceding  years  for  which  figoies  are  araibkble 
is  given  below,  the  numberof  shoresmen  and  the  invest- 
ment in  shore  and  aooeaoMy  {Ntoperty  'and  cash  capitfld 
being  excluded: 


Total: 
1908. 
uoe... 
tm. 


Oulf  of  Mexico 
district: 

1908  

1902  

UK.  

UBO.  


Atlantic  Ocean 
district: 

1908  

1902  

1897  

UW  


Per- 
sons  em- 

TALm or  aqmpif EMT. 

nODUCBL 

ployed. 

TotaL 

Vessels 
and  boats, 

MnSt. 

(pomMto). 

ValiM. 

9 

9.006 
7,846 
5,658 
4,776 

$1,747,000 
1,298,000 
708,000 
769,000 

SI.  421. 000 
1,126,000 
620,000 
682,000 

S326,000 
172,000 
88,000 
87,000 

74,087,000 
67,704,000 
34,138,000 
34,882,000 

$3,389,000 
1,940,000 
1,061,000 
1,284,000 

5.850 
6,579 
4,667 
13,602 

1,338,000 
1,139,000 
651,000 
699,000 

1.143,000 
1,044,000 
596.000 
650,000 

195,000 
95,000 
54,000 
50,000 

37,566,000- 
48,120,000 
28,255,000 
27,419,000 

2,120,000 
1,462,000 
945,000 
1,064,000 

3,156 
2,267 
991 
1,174 

409,000 
159,000 
67,000 
70,000 

278,000 
82,000 
24,000 
32,000 

131,000 
77,000 
33,000 
88,000 

30,  .521, 000 
19,584,000 
5,883,000 
7,463,000 

1,2(19.000 
478.000 
136,000 
220,000 

I  Alligator  hoatocanotiadnded. 

Persons  employrd. — The  total  number  of  perscpB 
employed  in  the  fisheries  of  the  state  in  ISOft  wm 
9,212,  or,  exclusive  of  shoresmen,  9,006, 

The  following  tabular  statement  shows  the  distri- 
bution of  the  persons  employed,  as  reported  at  the 
Of  1908. 


maoifs  BO&ovBK  1MB. 

Nnmber. 

1 

SalarieB  and  iragea. 

TotaL 

Proprie- 
tors anil 
independ- 
ent fisli- 
ennen. 

Salaried 

em- 
ployees. 

Wa«»- 
earoers. 

Total. 

Salaries. 

tMal  :  

9,212 

> 3,288 

41 

5,883 

$1,414,000 

$43,000 

stl,9n,«00 

2,106 
105 

C735 
206 

1          74  1  17 
11  ir, 

2,015 
138 

3,524 
206 

540,000 
61,000 

741,000 
72,000 

23,000 
14,000 
5,700 

517,000 
46,000 

736,000 
72,000 

3,203 

8 

6,016 

990 

41 

4.985 

1,234,000 

43,000 

1.191,000 

1,961 
147 
i8,743 

m 

3, 196 

to 

10 
920 

17 
16 
8 

1,884 
121 

2,814 
MO 

898 

627,000 
58.000 

577,000 
72,000 

180,000 

23,000 
14,000 
5,700 

^.504,000 
44,000 
573,000 

n,m 

180,000 

2,298 

145 
18 
2,993 
40 

14 

1 

2,283 

131 

17 
710 

40 

1 

13,000 
2,600 
164,000 
300 

13.000 
2,600 
164,000 

m 

FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


101 


The  Gulf  coast  fisheries  employed  nearly  two-thirds 
of  all  the  fishermen  of  tiie  state  and  93  per  cent  of 
those  engaged  in  the  vessel  fisheries. 

The  fishermen  engaged  in  the  shore  and  boat  iish- 
eiies  of  the  Atlantic  coast  were  to  a  large  extent  inde- 
pendent fishermen,  only  710  wage-eamos  being 
employed  by  the  2,283  persons  classed  as  proprietors 
and  independent  fishermen  in  the  returns  of  these 
fisheries.  On  the  other  hand,  a  large  majority  of  the 
fishermen  employed  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  of 
the  Gulf  were  wage-earners.  Of  those  engaged  in  the 
Atlantic  coast  fidieries,  nearly  94  per  cent  were  in  the 
shcwe  and  boat  fisheries,  ^iHxOe  cmly  62  per  cent  of 
those  engitged  in  the  Qulf  fisherite  beioii^ed  to  this 
ckiss. 

Equipment  and  other  capital. — The  following  table 
gives  the  value  of  the  equipment  in  vessels,  boats,  and 
apparatus  of  capture  and  the  amount  of  other  capital 
employed: 


Total. 


Vessels,  including  outfit . . 

fishing  

Steam  and  motor.. 

Vessels  

Ou^  

SaU  , 

Vessels  

Outfit  , 

Timsporting  

Steam  and  motor.. 

Vessels...  

Outfit.  

SaU  

Vessels  , 

Outfit  


Steam  and  motor.  

Bail  

Row  

Diving  

Other  

Aj^ratus  of  capture  

Vessel  fldmries  

.Shore  and  tMOl  flabeties. . . 
Shore  and  accessory  fwperty., 


TALUK  or  KQVmCENT  AHD  OtBSB 

capital:  1908. 


TotaL 


$2,410,000 


846,000 
680,000 
20,000 

25,000 
4.300 
fol.OOO 
4S7.000 
165.000 
166,000 
78,000 
(W.OOO 
18.000 
8.H.  0(10 
47,000 
41,000 
575,000 
280.000 
192.000 
79.0(X) 
22. 0(10 

i..m 

326,000 
64,000 
262,000 
460,000 
200,000 


Gulf  of 
Mexico 
district. 

$1,884,000 


798,000 
6*5,000 
9,900 

9. 100 
800 
(13.5,000 
472,000 
163,000 
154,000 
60,000 
54,000 
16,000 
84,000 
44,000 
41,000 
345,000 
112,000 
166,000 
44,000 
22.000 


Atlantic 

coast 
district. 


$531,000 


195,000 
59,000 
136,000 
347,000 
900,000 


48,000 
36,000 
19,000 
10.000 
3,400 
17,000 
15,000 
1,700 
12,000 
8,600 
(i.COO 
2.000 
3,800 
3.300 
500 
230,000 
167,000 
20,000 
85,000 


1.300 
131,000 

5.300 
126,000 
122,000 
300 


The  following  table  gives  the  statistics  in  respect  to 
Uie  number  and  tonnage  of  the  vessels  and  the  number 
of.  tibie  boats  used  in  the  fisheries: 


CLASS  at  OUfT. 


Vessels,  number  

Fishing,  number  

SteaiBand  watot— 

Namher.  

Tomage  

Number  

Tonnage  

Transporting,  number  

Steam  and  motor— 

Number  

>v  Tonnage  

Sail- 

Number  

Tonnage  

Boats,  number: 

Steam  and  motw  

SaU.:.  

Row  ;  

Diving  T.. 

other  

t 


TCaSRLI  AMD  BOATK  IMS. 


:  Gulf  of 

Atlantic 

Total. 

Mexico 

coast 

disttiet 

diatilet. 

327 

2S8 

39 

250 

221 

29 

"  12 

6 

6 

125 

07 

58 

238 

21.' 

23 

4,341 

292 

77 

07 

10 

27 

22 

5 

316 

273 

43 

50 

45 

5 

^  518 

466 

n 

919 

282 

637 

1,877 

1,0G5 

312 

3,288 

1,468 

1,820 

112 

112 

0 

6 

The  total  investment  was  $2,416,000^  of  which 

§1,884,000,  or  78  per  cent,  was  reported  from  the 
Gulf  coast,  and  $531,000,  or  22  per  cent,  from  the 
Atlantic  coast.  Not  including  the  value  of  shore  and 
accessory  property  and  cash  capital,  the  amomit 
inyested  in  the  fiahing  industry  of  the  state  was 
$1,747,000,  compand  with  an  mTestment  of  $1,296,000 
reported  by  the  Bureau  of  Fidieries  in  190K2.  The 
investment  in  fishing  and  transporting  vessels  was 
$846,000  and  in  boats  .?.57.5,000,  making  a  total  invest- 
ment in  floating  craft  of  $1,421,000.  Of  this  amount, 
$1,143,000,  or  80  per  cent,  pertained  to  the  Gulf 
fisheries. 

The  investment  in  apparatus  of  captine  in  the  shon 

and  boat  fisheries  of  Florida  largely  exceeded  that  for 
the  vessel  fisheries.  The  total  investment  in  floating 
craft  was,  however,  greater  for  tlio  v(v<sol  fisheries. 
The  number  of  the  various  kinds  of  apparatus  of  cap- 
ture employed  is  shown  for  each  district  and  for  each 
dass  of  fidieries  in  the  fc^wing  tabular  statement: 


Cast  nets  

Dip  nets  

Fyke  nets  

OUlnets  

Qvm  

Pots,  eel  

Pound  nets.... 

Seines  

Shrimp  nets... 

Spears  

Trammel  nets. 
Traps,  fUb.,... 
Tnps,  otter... 

ToltlBIMtB.... 


AFTAKATCs  OF  CAPnniB:  nm. 


Distributed  by 


TotaL 


Distributed  by 
elass«fr  ' 


Golf  of 
Mfrtcff 


402 
70 
10 
9,040 
364 
3 
26 
702 
3 
432 
140 
700 


.  55 
20 
10 
2,143 
135 
3 
26 
236 
3 
165 
140 
300 

*,7a 


Atlantic 

coast 
district 


347 
50 


1,487 


466 
267 
'466 


Vessel 
fldieilee. 


71 
1 


10 
16 


Shore 


402 
70 
10 
3,569 
363 
3 
26 
692 
3 
422 
140 
700 

9*m 


Produettf  ly  9peeu9. — The  fisheiy  products  of  the 
state,  distributed  by  species  and  by  apparatus  <ji  eap- 

ture,  are  given  in  Table  1,  on  page  idd. 

In  1 908  the  mullet  fishery  led  in  value  of  catch  and 
was  followed  by  the  sponge  fishery  and  the  red  snapper 
fishery.  These  three  fisheries  contributed  nearly  one- 
half  of  the  total  value  <^  products. 

The  total  product  of  Ihe  state  in  1908  was  74,087,000 
pounds,  Talued  at  $3,389,000.  Marised  gains  are 
shown  over  the  total  quantities  as  sqperted  lor  eai&r 
years. 

Products,  by  jishing  grounds. — The  flshery  produc  t  of 
the  Gulf  coast  of  Florida,  distributed  by  species  and  by 
apparatus  of  capture,  is  presented  in  Table  2,  page  107. 

The  spcMige  fiuahecy  was  the  most  important  on  the 
Gulf  coast,  having  a  total  product  of  622,000  poxmds, 
valued  at.  ?.545,000.  This  constituted  the  entire, 
sponge  product  of  the  I'nited  States,  and  represented 
26  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products  of  the  Gulf 
coast  fisheries  of  Florida.  Following  the  sponge  fish- 
ery closdy  in  the  value  of  their  jwoduct  were  Uie 
mullet  and  red  snapper  fisheries.  ih»  product  of  the 


/ 


X 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1906. 


red-snapper  fisheries  of  the  Gulf  district  was  7,659,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $432,000,  which  represented  over  99 
per  ceut  uf  the  total  value  reported  for  the  red-snap- 
pw  caldi  of  tiM  state,  aad  87  p«  cent  in  quantity 
•ad  68  per  omt  in  Taloe,  of  the  toUl  cstcfa  of  tlie 
^>ecies  reported  for  the  United  States. 

Table  3,  on  page  108,  gives  the  products  of  the  Atlan- 
tic coast  fisheries  of  Florida,  distributed  by  species  and 
bgr  apparatus  of  capture. 
Measured  by  value  of  products,  the  shad  fidhfliy  was 
ittllMAtiMitieeoMidisiriel.  Att 
of  tiM  aIhmI  eaicil  of  the  state  was 
in  the  Atlantic  coast  waters.  The  oyster 
product  consisted  entirely  of  market  oysters.  Prawn 
was  an  important  item,  the  yield  amounting  to 
4,152,000  pounds,  valued  at  $84,000,  the  entire 
product  of  the  state  being  reported  from  this  district, 
ahrimps,  om  the  other  hand,  were  reported  from  both 
the  Athntk  eoMt  awl  the  Gulf  <rf  Menoo. 

Thm  Tahw  of  products  reported  for  19Q6,  by  princi- 
pal species  arranged  in  order  of  importance,  is  shown 
in  the  following  table  for  the  state  as  a  whole  and  for 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  Atlantic  coast  fisheries. 


TAunt  or  nM»vcTs:  igos. 


IMiL 


.1 


Oolfof 
Itadco 


$3,389,000 


«B2,<no 

434,000 
320,000 
196,000 
122,000 
65,000 
18,000 
M,000 
50,000 
45,000 
38,000 
38.000 
34,000 
13,000 
M,000 
174,000 
S<5,000 
296,000 
92.000 
48,000 

a,os» 


1,334,000 
475,000 
432.000 
200 
63.000 
71.000 
30,000 
2,500 
18,000 
5,800 
28,000 
17,000 
22.000 
33,000 
8,000 
5,300 
113,000 
545,000 
187.000 
400 
27,000 
Id,  000 


Atlantic 

coast 
diitiict. 


11,260,000 


1,OU,000 
177,000 

2,400 
320,000 
133,000 
51.000 
35,000 
M^OOO 
M,«» 
44,000 
17,000 
21,000 
16,000 
1,400 
34,000 
19,000 
61,000 


109.000 
91.000 
21,000 
.  11,000 
9,000 


Ik  the  fisheries  of  the  Athuiye  eoast  the  vahie  of 

shad,  mullet,  and  squeteague  constituted  about  one- 
half  of  the  total  value  of  products;  and  in  the  fisher- 
ies of  the  Gulf  the  value  of  sponges,  mullet,  and  red 
snapper  constituted  more  than  two-thirds  of  the  total 
value  of  products. 
Ptpoimth,  hydau  cf  jUUrMt.— The  prodoets  of  the 
■■d  host  lUMnaaiorlMB  afe  Aown  m  detail, 
md  hf  mfpmttm  of  eaptara^ia  Table  4,  on 
page  109. 

The  total  catch  of  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  was 
63,992,000  pounds,  or  86  per  cent  of  the  total  for  the 
state,  and  its  value  was  $2,459,000,  or  73  per  cent  of 
tka  totd  for  the  state.  Ainoi^  the  shore  and  boat 
tihe  MiJM.  fiAflrj  waa  the  most  important. 


contributing  26  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products; 
shad  ranked  second,  with  13  per  cent  of  the  total 
value;  and  oysters  third,  with  12  per  cent. 

The  distributioii  between  the  vessd  fisheries  and 
Uie  diore  and  boat  fisheries  of  the  yahie  rq;iorted  for 
the  leading  speeisB  m  1906  is  giren  below: 


Total. 


Fish  

Mullet,  tiwIwUm  XM  

Red  snMnwr  

Shad  

Squeteague  

Spanish  mackerel  

Pompano  

BlacK  bass  

Catfish  

Bream,  orsnoftli  

Bhiefish  

Sheepsheacl  

Drum  (salt-water),  or  channel  ban. 

Grouper  

Sailor's  choioe  

CivndM.  

AllotlMr  

Sponp:es  

Oysters  

Shrimp  and  prswo  

Alligator  hides  

Otter  sjkins  

All  other  


TAWS  or  ntoooon:  l«8. 


TotaL 


Vessel 


$3,389,000 


2, 


337, 
652, 
434, 
320, 
196, 
122, 
65, 
58, 
54, 
50, 
45, 
38, 
38, 
34, 
32, 
24, 
174, 
545, 
296, 
92, 
48, 
21, 
50, 


000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 


sg.30,000 


476,000 
4,300 
418,000 


19,000 
600 


1,000 
100 
100 
24,000 

(') 

600 
8,000 
436,000 
9^100 


8,t.00 


$2,459,000 


1,861,000 
648,000 
16,000 
320,000 
196,000 
104,000 
64,000 
58,000 
64,000 
60,000 
44,000 
38,000 
38,000 
9,500 
32,000 
23,000 
166,000 
109,000 
287,000 
92,000 
.^,000 
21,000 
41,000 


The  shore  and  boat  fisheries  of  the  Gulf  waters  had 
a  total  catch  of  28,216,000  pounds,  vahied  at 
$1,215,000,  which  represented  44  per  cent  in  quantity 

and  49  per  cent  in  value  of  the  shore  and  boat  catch 
of  the  state.  Of  the  total  products  of  the  Gulf  coast 
fisheries  of  the  state,  75  per  cent  in  quantity  and  57 
per  cent  in  value  were  reported  by  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries.  In  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  of  the  Gulf 
the  eatdi  ci  mullet  exceeded  in  value  that  of  any  other 
species,  representing  about  one>third  of  the  tot^  vahie 
of  all  products  of  the  fistoies  in  questibii.  Oysters 
were  next  in  value  and  sponges  third. 

The  total  catch  of  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  in 
the  waters  tributary  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean  was 
35,776,000  pounds,  with  a  value  of  $1,244,000,  repre- 
senting 56  per  cent  in  quantity  and  51  per  omt  in 
yahie  oi  the  shore  and  boat  catdi  oi  the  state.  Of  the 
total  products  of  the  Atlantic  coast  fisheries  of  the 
state,  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  were  credited  with 
98  per  cent  both  in  quantity  and  in  value. 

The  products  of  the  vessel  fisheries  for  1908  are 
presented  in  detail,  by  species  and  by  apparatus  of 
capture,  in  table  5,  on  page  110. 

The  total  catdi  <^  the  tosooI  fisheries  <4  Florida  was 
10,094,000  pounds,  valued  at  $030,000,  representing  14 
per  cent  in  quantity  and  27  per  cent  in  value  of  all 
fishery  products  of  the  state.  In  this  class  of  fisheries 
the  sponge  product  was  the  largest  item  in  value,  and 
snappers  ranked  second.  The  total  of  these  two  prod- 
ucts was  $854,000,  or  92  per  cent  of  the  total  vahie 
ot  the  pvodnets  of  aD  Wasel  fidieries  of  the  state. 


FISH£tU£S,  BY  STATES. 


103 


The  sponge  and  red  snapper  products  of  the  vessel 
fisheries  of  the  Gulf  coast  together  had  a  value  of 
$851,000,  or  94  per  cent  of  the  total  for  the  fisheries  in 
question.  The  total  catdi  of  the  vessel  fisheries  in 
the  Atlantic  waters  was  745,000  pounds,  valued  at 
$25,000,  which  represents  7  per  cent  in  quantity  and 
3  per  cent  in  value  of  the  total  products  of  the  vessel 
fisheries  of  the  state.  Of  the  total  products  of  the 
Atiantio  fidieries  <^  the  state,  the  products  ot  the 
vessd  fishwies  f<Hmed  2  percent  both  in  quantity  and 
in  value. 

Products,  hy  apparatiis  of  capture. — The  distribution 
of  the  total  value  of  products  for  1908  by  apparatus  of 
capture  is  given  in  the  following  tabular  statement  for 
the  state  as  a  whole  and  for  the  vessel  fisheries  and  the 
shore  and  boat  fisheries,  respectively: 


Tvtal  

Offlnets  

Lines  

Sponge'hoo'kis  inddlTbii;  eqtdpm^ 

Dredges,  tongi^ate  

Firearms  

Tranunel  nets  

Flah  traps.  

Cast  nets  

Otter  tnnt  

AU  other  


VALUE  OV  fMDDCTK  1008. 

Total. 

Vessel 
fisheries. 

Shore  and 
^^b»t^ 

S3, 389, 000 

8930,000 

$2,459,000 

1,133,000 
617,000 
606,000 
545,000 
304,000 
48,000 
27,000 
25,000 
23,000 
21,000 
38,000 

18,000 
452,000 

15,000 
436,000 
9,500 

1,115,000 

165,000 
591,000 
109,000 
295,000 
48,000 
27,000 
25,000 
23,000 
21,000 
38,000 

100 

The  value  of  the  products  caught  by  gill  nets  forms 
a  larger  percentage  of  the  total  value  than  that  for 
any  other  apparatus  df  eaptare..  lliis  class  of  appa- 
i&tus  was  used  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  in  the 

capture  of  nearly  all  of  the  numerous  species  of  fish 
proper  reported,  although  70  per  cent  of  the  total 
value  of  the  gill-net  catch  represents  the  combined 
value  of  mullet  and  shad.  The  use  of  gill  nets  was 
practically  confined  to  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 
The  next  highest  value  of  products  was  reported  for 
the  catch  by  lines.  The  red  snapper,  which  constituted 
70  per  cent  of  the  total  line  catdh  in  value,  was  taken 
exclusively  with  lines. 

The  following  tabular  statement  shows  the  total 
value  of  fishery  products,  distributed  by  apparatus  of 
capture,  for  the  state  and  for  the  Qulf  and  the  Atlantic 
edast  waten,  lespeetively: 


or  ARABATm. 


Total  

Offlnets  

Lines  

Seines  

Sponge  hooks  and  diving  equipment. 

Dredges,  tones,  ete  

Fireanm  

TnoundiMti.  

ndi  traps.  

Cast  nets  

Otter  traps  

All  other  


▼ALOS  Of  nODVCB 

K  180ft. 

TotaL 

Gulf  of 
^Mfcxico 

Atlantic 
coast 

83,889,000 

82,120,000 

$1,269,000 

1,133,000 
617,000 
606,000 
545,000 
304,000 
48,000 
27,000 
25,000 
23,000 
21,000 
38,000 

559,000 
534,000 
193,000 
545,000 
187,000 
27,000 
27,000 
6,500 
1,500 
10,000 
29,000 

574,000 
83,000 
414^000 

117,000 
21,000 

19,000 
22.000 
11,000 
9,000 

JfuZIet.— While  the  total  product  <A  the  state's 
mullet  fiidiery  in  1908,  including  roe  (24,716/100 

pounds),  was  considerably  less  than  the  catdi  oi  1902 
(32,289,000  pounds),  it  was  larger  than  for  any  other 
year  for  which  statistics  are  available.  The  increase 
in  the  price  per  pound  was  sufiicient,  however,  to  raise 
the  total  value  of  the  product  from  $473,000  in  1902 
to  $652,000  in  1908,  an  increase  in  value  of  38  per  eeot, 
compared  with  a  decieaae  in  wei^t  oi  24  per  cent. 
Mullet  contributed  only  19  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the 
state's  fishery  products  in  1908,  but  constituted  one- 
third  of  the  aggregate  weight  of  &\\  such  products. 
Practically  all  of  the  mullet  was  taken  in  the  shore 
and  boat  fisheries,  less  than  1  per  cent  beuig  the  prod- 
uct of  vessel  fisheries.  Seventy-two  per  cent  of  the 
total  value  of  this  product  was  rqiorted  for  tiieQalf 
fidbfiriss. 

The  principal  apparatus  of  capture  employed  in  the 
mullet  fishery  was  gill  nets,  by  means  of  which  mullet 
valued  at  $542,000  was  caught,  representing  83  per 
cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  state's  mullet  catch. 
Seines  ranked  next,  the  value  of  the  amount  taken  in 
this  way  forming  14  per  cent  of  the  total  value  r^orted 
for  tibis  species.  The  remaining  2  per  cent  represents 
the  catdi  bj  maana  of  trammel  neta,  cast  nets,  and 
dip  nets. 

Of  the  mullet  product,  1 ,046,000  pounds,  valued  at 
$39,000,  was  reported  as  having  been  salted,  and 
135,000  pounds  consbted  of  muDet  roe,  vafaied  ai 
$15,000. 

Sponges. — As  already  indicated,  the  sponge  fishery 
belongs  exclusively  to  the  Gulf  coast  district.  It  is 
subject  to  marked  fluctuations  from  year  to  year,  and 
for  a  few  years  followmg  1900  it  appeared  to  be  on  a 
decUne.  The  statistics  for  1908,  however,  show  a 
large  increase  both  in  quantity  and  in  value  of  product; 
the  quantity  exceeded  that  repeated  for  any  ^ior  year, 
and  the  value  was  exceeded  only  by  that  reported  for 
the  year  1900.  The  average  prices  per  pound  for  the 
different  grades  and  for  the  product  as  a  whole  are, 
however,  lower  than  they  have  been  for  a  number  of 
years  for  which  statistics  are  available.  As  the  sponge 
fisheries  of  Florida  represent  the  entire  industof  in 
the  United  States,  the  statistics  in  regard  to  the  penooa 
employed,  the  equipment  in  vessels,  boats,  and  appai 
ratus,  and  the  capital  are  herewith  presented. 

In  1908  there  were  employed  in  the  sponge  fisheries 
143  sailing  vessels,  which  aggregated  2,200  tons  and 
were  valued  at  $186,000.  These  vessels  carried  88 
diving  boats  and  367  other  boats.  The  investment  in 
outfit  was  $103,000.  The  total  investment  in  veanelB, 
boats,  and  their  outfit  was  $337,000  for  the  vessel 
fisheries.  In  the  shore  and  boat  sponge  fisheries,  567 
additional  boats  of  all  kinds,  valued  at  $102,000,  were 
used.  Their  value,  added  to  the  foregoing,  makes  a 
total  investment  of  $439,000  in  vessels,  boats,  and 
outfits  in  connection  with  the  sponge  industry.  Th» 
567  boats  employed  in  the  shore  and  boat  sponge 
fisheries  conosted  of  2  maboir  boats,  175  sailboats,  3Sil 


FISHSRIEB  OF  THE  IDtlT^D  STATES.  1908. 


rowboats,  and  34  diving  boats.  In  the  sponge  fisheries 
m  *  wbokb,  122  diviiif  boats,  haying  m  value  of  $40,000, 


Persons  empbyied  in  tha  wpm^  fiihrrim  in 
exclusive  of  172  proprietors  not  fishing,  formed  a 
total  of  2,097.  distributed  as  follows:  125  proprietors 
and  independent  fishermen;  1  salaried  employee;  and 
1^71  wage-earners,  who  received  $437,000  in  wages 
OBciadinK  proyisioas  famished  to  the  value  of  $132,- 
iM).  Tkm  p&mmm  npatted  for  the  fisharies, 
mAmwe  of  90  proprieton  sot  fishing,  imiiibcnd  1,466, 
and  comprised  32  proprietors  and  independni  fiaiicp- 
men.  1  salaried  employee,  and  1,433  wage-earners,  re- 
ceiving wages  to  the  amount  of  $343,000  (including 
provisions  furnished  to  the  value  of  $95,000).  In  the 
dbon  tmd  boat  fisheries  631  persons  were  employed,  of 
wlksm  ti  wtn  proprieton  imkamw^  ot  82  net  fiah- 
w^,  and  538  wage-earners,  who  noctred  wagm  to  the 
amount  of  S90,W»  (puBiwh  i  af  pmmam  to  the  ^aiaa 
ol$37.000\ 

The  total  investment  in  apparatus  of  capture  was 
$78,000,  which  comprised  hooks  and  diving  apparatus 
to  llMTalaaal  $76,000,  and  nets  and  other  fishing  ap- 
fMi*«itotltoTdw<tf  $1,306,  icportedbyccrtainof  the 
vaBelflpangefishenn^hadafiahcatdl.  Qfthatotel 
■iTmdnent  in  the  sponge  industry  in  apparatus  of 
capture.  $55,000  was  credited  to  the  vessel  fisheries  and 
$22,000  to  the  shore  ami  boat  fisheries.  The  invest- 
ment in  shore  and  accessory  property  for  the  sponge 


fisheries  was  $4,900,  practically  all  of  which  was  re- 
ported by  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 

In  the  following  tabular  statement  Ihe  sponge  catch 
for  1608  is  ahown  in  detail,  daasified  accordmg  to  kind 
or  grade  of  product,  and  aceqrding  to  appantua  of 
capture,  whathtr  tiikm  by  hookB  or  with  diving 
apparatus: 


spoNGs  noBocr:  uos. 

• 

Hooks. 

Diving  appantm. 

QnuUlT 
(poands). 

Valoe. 

QnaatitT 
(poands). 

Vidue. 

Quantity 
(pounda). 

VahM. 

Total  

Ycltow  

f)22.0(1O 

?.';4-..ooo 

233,000 

•177,000 

389,000 

$.367,000 

310,000 
191,000 
110,000 
1,300 
2,700 

s,eoa 

481,000 
43,000 
17,000 
500 
2,000 

i.m 

132,000 
43,000 
64,000 
1,300 
2,700 
100 

156,000 
9,700 
8,700 
500 
2.O0O 
C»i 

177,000 
148,000 
56,000 

324,000 
33,000 
8,600 

Valwt.  

8,400 

1,400 

The  catch  with  diving  apparatus  represented  ap- 
pioximatelj  two-thirds  of  the  total  value,  and  the 
eateh  with  hooka  ona-third. 

In  thefoQowBig  tabular  statement  the  quantify  and 
value  of  the  sponge  product  for  1908  are  compared 
with  the  figures  for  a  series  of^ears  as  reported  bj  the 
Bureau  of  Fisheries: 


nooccT. 


IMal. 

YtOaw. 

Value. 

gmmtitj 

Value. 

Qoaotity 
(poands]). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

622,000 
347,000 
396,000 
418,000 

m,m 

310,000 
134,000 
203,000 
181,000 

1481,000 
298,000 
423,000 
483,000 
332^000 
9fl,60O 

191,000 
57,000 
ti3,000 
74,000 
M,000 
32,000 

943.000 

31,000 
39,000 
44,000 
16,000 
13,000 

110,000 
141,000 
109,000 
143,000 
77,000 
129,000 

$17,000 
30,000 
24,000 
33,000 
14,000 
29,000 

12,000 

in,  000 

22,000 
19,000 
18,000 
13,000 

%i,m 

5,800 
6,700 
7, 100 

."j.OOO 
3,200 

3M,000 
308,000 
387,000 

317,000 

207,000 

273,000 
387,000 
439,000 

381,000 

201,000 

150,000 
231,000 
(•) 

('^ 
(> 

248,000 
363,000 
(•) 

i') 
(«) 

24,000 
30,000 
(') 

Si 

9,300 
12,000 
(■) 

('^ 
(») 

45,000 
21,000 
(') 

8 

12,000 
5,500 

i 

18,000 
24,000 

4,000 
6,  sot 

-The  redHsaiapper  fishery  has  increased 
as  flkewA  by  tha  loBowmg 
«f  tha  ftsdoet  lor  a  moBber  of 


7,719,000 
8,074,000 
5,314,000 
4,886,000 
4,173,000 

3434,000 
237,000 

in,ooo 

155,000 
124,000 

The  increase  in  both  quantity  and  value  of  product 
sinee  1880  is  remarkable,  while  the  average  value  per 
pound  for  1906  refmsenta  a  great  adranoe  over  that 
for  the  earlier  jeara  shown.  Thia  fiahery  was  eonfined 
ahnost  entuiely  to  the  Gulf  watcfa,  and  tha  ealdi  waa 
made  exclusively  with  lines. 

Shad. — The  shad  lisJiery  was  by  far  the  most  impor- 
tant of  the  Atlantic  coast  district,  contributmg  25  per 
c«it  of  the  value  of  all  products  of  these  waters  in  1 908. 
Shad  ranked  third  in  rahie  among  the  fish  of  the  state, 
representing  9  per  emi  of  the  Tafaie  of  aU  prbdueta. 
Compared  with  the  catch  for  1902,  wiueh  waa  1,819,- 
000  pounds,  valued  at  $125,000,  the  product  of  1908 
shows  an  increase  of  56  per  cent  in  quantity  ^nd  of 


FISHERIES, 

166  per  cent  in  value.  The  value  of  the  products  of 
this  fishery  has  increased  remarkably,  haviiioj  been 
only  $20,000  in  1880  and  only  $42,000  in  1890.  In 
yalue  of  the  shad  catch  in  1908  Florida  was.  surpassed 
only  by  Virginia  and  North  Carolina,  although  in 
respect  to  (juantity  Maryland  and  New  Jersey  ranked 
ahead  of  it.  The  entire  catch  was  made  in  the  ahiMne 
and  boat  fisheries  with  gill  nets  and  seines. 

Oysters. — In  respect  to  the  value  of  j)roducts  the 
oyster  fishery  of  Florida  holds  fifth  place  among  the 
fiaheiieB  of  the  state.  The  total  product  in  1908  was 
1,067,000  bushels,  valued  at  $290,000,  or  9  per  cent  of 
the  total  value  of  the  fishery  products  of  the  state. 
About  one-third  of  the  value  of  the  products  was 
reported  from  the  Atlantic  coast  waters  and  the 
remainder  from  the  Gulf  waters.  The  oyster  fishery 
was  conducted  principally  by  the  shore  and  boat  fish- 
eries, which  reported  97  per  cent  of  the  total  value 
of  the  oystOT  {Mroduet.  Compared  with  1902  ^e 
I»oduct  of  Florida  shows  a  docxeaae  of  737,000  bushels, 
or  41  per  cent,  in  quantity,  and  of  $69,000,  or  19  par 
cent,  in  value.  It  is  noteworthy  that  this  decrease 
has  taken  place  entirely  in  the  Atlantic  coast  district, 
where  the  value  of  the  oyster  catch  decreased  from 
$220,000  in  1902  to  $109,000  in  1908,  while  on  the 
Gulf  coast  there  waa  an  increase  from  $124,000  in  1902 
to  $187,000  in  1908. 

Squeteague. — The  squeteague,  or  sea  trout,  ranks 
next  to  the  oyster  in  respect  to  value  of  product.  In 
1908,  4,864,000  pounds  of  this  fish,  having  a  value  of 
$196,000,  were  cauglit,  as  compared  with  only  2,757,000 
pounds,  having  a  value  of  $73,000,  in  1902.  About 
two-thirds  of  the  catch  was  taken  in  the  Atlantic  coast 
fiaheries,  and  practically  all  in  the  shore  and  boat  fish- 


BY  STATES.  109 

eries.  The  ratcli  was  made  principally  vdih.  gill  nets 
and  seines.  Tiie  product  includes  54,000  pounds 
reported  as  sold  salted. 

AOigaipn, — ^Among  the  important  fishery  indus- 
tries of  Florida,  though  the  value  of  the  product  is 
comparatively  small,  is  the  alligator  industry.  About 
three-fourths  of  all  the  alligators  killed  in  the  United 
States  in  1908  were  killed  in  Florida,  tlie  product 
aggregating  51,000  hides,  valued  $48,000.  This  rep- 
resents a  large  increase  over  1902,  when  only  31,000 
hides,  valued  at  $18,000,  were  secured.  No  data  are 
given  for  thk  industry  in  the  1880  report  of  the  Bureau 
of  Fisheries.  In  the  1890  report  it  was  estimated  that 
not  less  than  2,500,000  alligators  were  killed  between 
1880  and  1890,  and  it  was  stated  that  the  numbers 
had  been  greatly  reduced  because  of  the  nonmigratory 
habits  and  the  remarkably  slow  growth  of  the  animal, 
and  because  of  the  killing  of  many  alligators  before 
they  had  reached  the  reproductive  age.  The  product 
of  the  Gulf  coast  alone  in  1890  was  49,000  alligator 
hides,  valued  at  835,000,  and  84,000  alligator  feet, 
valued  at  S4,2()0.  Xo  data  were  compiled  by  the 
Bureau  of  Fisheries  for  the  Atlantic  coast.  In  1908 
hides  valued  at  .S27,000,  or  56  per  cent  of  tlio  total 
value  of  alligator  products,  were  secured  from  the 
Gulf  coast  rivm,  and  hides  valued  at  $21,000  from 
the  Atlantic  coast  riv^ns. 

Otters. — The  otter-skin  product  of  the  state  ia  a 
substantial  one  and  in  1908  formed  more  than  two- 
thirds  of  the  otter-skin  catch  of  the  entire  country. 
The  total  for  the  state  was  2,900  skins,  having  a  value 
of  $21,000,  compared  with  3,300  skins,  having  a  value 
of  $18,000,  in  1902.  l^us,  while  the  quantity  de- 
creased, the  value  increased. 


ilES  OF  THE  UNHED  STATES,  im 

Table  1.— FLORIDA— FISHERY  PRODUCTS:  1908. 


Alfwirw  

\TTi'-  ^T-iL-^h  

Angel-fi&h  


Bliiefish  

Booito  

Bmm.  or  sunfish . 

Buttertsh  

Cmtflsh  


74,087,000  183,380,000 


ValoB. 


Coblk. 


Cn»ker  

Drum '  salt-water !, 
or  channel  bass. 


shad. 


Jurel  

Ladjflsta  

Marpue-fish. 


1,224,000 
38,000 
70,000 

1,000^000 

9.52,000 
11,000 

1,547,000 
16,000 

1,481,000 

123.000 
l,4.i.".,(J<.)i> 
94,000 

1,426,000 
185,000 

1,276,000 

.^s8.ooo 

198,000 
81,000 
14,000 

52,000 
343,000 
3,500 
18,000 


135,000 
417,000 

24,000 
109.  (KXI 
508,000 

133,000 
35,000 
26,000 
l.a57.«W 


154,000 
2,836,000  j 

i,5n,ooo ' 

7,719,000 
342,000 


r.icd. 

Snapper,  other. 


Spanish  mackerel . .    2, 647, 000 

Spot   178,000 

Squeteague   4,864,000 

SuswlMirT  IMM, 

orcnpiae  «  180,000 

Btripedbass   9,000 


stur- 


Sturseon. 
Caviu  and 

seen  roe.  

Whiting,  or  king- 
fish. 


Terrapin  

Tarties  

ToftotesheU. 


.bard  

CyiMn.  market,  from 


Scallope  

.otur. 


62,000 


230,000 

in^ooo 


148,000 

62,000 
4,353,000 

53,000 

21,000 
163,000 
300 
622,000 

15.000 

*m,tm 

*  7,327,000 

•141,000 

'400 
•254,000 
•S.700 


5,500 
1,600 
3,100 

a,  IN 

98,000 

45,000 
900 

50,000 
400 

54,000 

2,800 
24,000 
2,100 

38,000 
8,100 

34.000 
19,000 
8,000 
4,800 
1,100 

900 
9,000 
300 
000 


15,000 
9,600 
1,000 
1,S00 

65,000 

6,900 
2,800 
500 

a;  000 

I,  " 

6,600 
320,000 

38,000 
434,000 

15,000 

122,000 
4,200 
196,000 

7,400 

1,000 

5,000 

aoo 

8,600 
14,000 
17,000 

2,900 

3,700 
92,000 

2,600 

9,400 

II,  000 
1,300 

545,000 

'iZ 


12,000 

100 
48,000 
21,000 

M 


CMBnelB. 

IkHOHlaets. 

OtaoH. 

QoaDtitv 
(ponadi). 

VabM. 

Quantity 
(pouiids). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

v^uantii'y 
(potmds). 

Value. 

90,808,000 

11,133,000 

1%747,909 

in7,990 

30,400,000 

9000,000 

70^000 

$27,000 

653,000 

823,000 

9,001,000 

1,224,000 

5,  SOO 

38,000 
1,100 

467,000 

84,000 
11,000 
10,000 

1,600 
100 

37,000 

4,800 
000 
900 

SOO 
4,000 

100 

33,000 
TOO 
9,900 

SM^OOO 

1.600 

<■'«. 

18,000 

22,000 
000 
370,000 

485,000 
200 
1,215,000 
11,000 
977.000 

700 
19,000 

20,000 

(») 
38,000 
200 

27,000 

l,.30O 
2,300 
1,500 

14,000 
2,200 

400 
500 
1,100 

0,800 
14,000 
218,000 

000 
1^090 

4,900 

42,000 

200 
1,900 

1,500 

100 

13,000 
5,700 
SOO 

52,000 
81,000 
15,000 

514,000 
49,000 

74,000 
86,000 
172,000 
15,000 

600 
100 

(») 

1  m 

2,300 

100 

200,000 

10,000 

999^990 

im 

8.700 

200 

(») 

244,000 

17,090 

(«)  71,000 
lo.nno       1^1  iKio 

100 

(») 

2,t>00  1,250,000 
400  2,500 

i.vnnn  m.ono 

23,000 

SOO 

100 

2,000 
(«) 



90^000 

u,m 

73,000 

841,000 

55,000 

9,300 
11,000 
27,000 

4,300 

3,000 

41,000 
1,000 

100 

1,600 
100 

109,000 
7,500 

4,100 
400 

1,900 

3,500 
4,400 
6,900 
900 

100 

1,185,0001 
9n.990 

72,000 

8,000 
10,000 

3,500 

400 
990 

57,000 
14,000 

%89t 

3,500 
1,100 

410 

^990 

300 

32,000 
320,000 

400 
8,400 

12,000 
24,000 

100 
500 

100 

(•) 

i.4o6 

1,900 
6,000 

86,000 

1  52,000 
8,800 
6.800 

:  374,000 

1  16,000 

;  16,000 

100 
200 
300 
SM^OOO 

8,300 
800 
300 
200 
49,000 

900 
1,300 

1,990 

100 

300 

(«) 

11,000 
1.117  iii 

49,000 

288,000 
5,700 
100,000 
120,000 

4,600 

600 
87,990 

7,100 
4,300 
200 
1,500 
14,000 

100 

1,500 
094,090 

10^000 

107,000 

5,100 

15,000 

m 

61,000 
2,600 
600 
5,100 

110,000 

15,000 

3,900 
100 
(») 

1,000 

5,700 
1,200 

16,000 

600 

7,000 

300 

1,200 

(*) 

8,000 

800 

2,600 
3,900 

200 

300 

22,000 
770,000 
33,990 

78,000 
008,000 
876,000 

400 
13,000 
1,100 

2,500 
04,000 

18,000 

3,000 
6,000 

100 
200 

an^ooo 

U,000 

60,000 

4,700 

85,000 

3,400 

1,700 

100 

91^990 

i  2,108,000 

1  553,000 

1,000 
256,000 
15,000 

47,000 

3,100 

TOO 

c»)  • 

38,000 
7,719,000 
56,000 

235,000 
1,000 
85,000 

1,200 
434,000 
4,100 

12,000 
(') 

4,600 

82,000 

3,200 

22,000 

900 

1  186,666 

i  1,248.000 
32,000 
1,985,000 

1,200 

'  9,000 

62,000 

300 

42,000 
66,000 
38,000 

7,500 

63,000 
1,000 
95,000 

100 

1,000 

5,000 

90O 

1,500 
5,500 
1,800 

76,000 

1,146,000 
123,000 
2,728,000 

177,990 

1,900 

46,000 
2,500 
04.000 

7,990 

18,000 

19,000 
9,500 
56,000 

700 

1,000 
200 
2,800 

800 

(•) 

5,800 

500 

12,000 
10,000 

400 

700 

2,000 

100 

37,000 
73,000 

aSi99 

66,000 
40,000 

1,500 
7,300 
13^990 

1,900 
2,600 

151,000 
32,000 
47,990 

<;990 

5,500 
900 

xm 

MO 

1,200 

100 

1,000 

(») 

8,000 
3,200 

77,000 
15,000 

8,000 

20,000 

3,800 
6,100 

800 
190 

900 

700 
400 

1,000 

1,800 
100 

6,800 

400 

4199^990 

81^990 

340,000 
30,000 

9,000 
1,000 

13,000 

6,600 
190,000 
300 

600 

2,600 
11,000 
1,300 

10,000 
30,000 

5,000 
700 

100 

623,000 

15,000 
•238,000 

•7,327,000 

•141,000 

»400 
•264,000 
•6,700 
M99,O90 

545,000 

US 

3M,«t 

12,000 

100 
48,000 
21,000 
1.990 

!'  1 

 1 

11           1  ' 

1  



I  Indodes  apparatus,  with  eald^  wlMIows:  Sponge  books  and  diving  apparatus,  622,000  poiuids,  valued  at  $545,000;  dredees,  tongs,  etc.,  7,506,000  pounds,  valued  at 
SIM.aoO:  firearms.  254.0U0  puunds.  valued  at  $4h,ooo:  fish  traps,  517,000  poimia,  valued  at  031^00^  otter  tian,  6^700  poands,  vamed  at  $21,000;  pound  nets,  20U)00  pooodf^ 
Tshjed  at  $1».0U0-,  spears.  1 19,000  pounds,  valued  at  $(i,  100;  <lip  nets,  92,090  fiaMil^  VOlMi  ■$  mMH  MlMyM  fMBdik  ^WJW*  ■>  OMO;  tflM  MN^  4(MtioiMk 

'  at  $300:  and  minor  apparatus,  268,000  pounds,  valued  at  $12,000. 

tbanOlOa  *Mg^W91 


61X00  hides. 


•  a, 

t 


FISHEIIIE8,  BY  STATES. 

Table  2.— FLORIDA— FISHERY  PRODUCTS  OF  GULF  OF  ME.XICO  DLSTRICT:  1908. 


107 


TMal. 


Fish: 


Amber-fish . 
Angel-fish. . 
Barracuda.. 
Blade  baa.. 

BHIfllWIl..  ■ . 


Banito  

Bream,  or  sunfish. 

Butterflsh  

Catfish  

Cobia,  or  i 


CrevalW  

Dnun  (salt-water), or 

channel  bass  

Flounders  

Grouper  

Grunts  


TTogflsh  

Jewftsh  

Jurel  

LadyiBsh  

Margate-fish. 

Ifoonflsh.... 

Mullet  

Mullet  roe... 
Mutton-fiab.. 


Pompano  

Porgv,  or  scup. 

Porkfish  

Round  robin. . , 
Sailor's  choice. 


Sardines  

Sea  bass  

Shad  

Sheepabead... 
r,fad. 


Snapper,  other  

Spanish  macicerel. 


Caviar  and  sturgeon 
roe. 


Whitog,^or  kingfish. 


Otoabs,  hard  ,  

Crabs,  stone  

Shrimp  

Qpiny  lobster,  or  craw* 


Turtles  

Tortoise  shell. 

Sponges  

Concha  

Clams,  hard.. 


TOTAL. 


Quantity 
(pooBds). 


from 


Oysters,  market 

public  areas  

Oysters,  market,  from 

private  areas  

SMjlopS. 


37,506,000 


92,120,000 


38,000 
67,000 
44,000 
37,000 
580,000 

11,000 
138,000 

16,000 
246,000 

41,000 

175,000 

fiOS,000 
8ti,000 
1,231,000 
304,000 

81,000 
14,000 
52,000 
345,000 
3,500 

18,000 

16,008,000 
135,000 
41.000 
04,000 

232,000 
133,000 
3.5,000 
26,000 
125,000 

22,000 
43,000 
3,600 
473,000 
7,610,000 

2.32.000 
1,419,000 
48,000 
1.207,000 
6,500 


200 
37,000 
160.000 
287,000 

2,400 
62.000 
8,000 

93,000 
3,600 

m,ooo 

300 

622,000 
15,000 
« 182,000 


•3,721,000 

•43,000 
'400 
•130,000 
•2,800 


Value. 


1,000 
3,000 
3, 100 
2,500 
2«t,000 

900 
5.800 

400 
18,000 
1,500 

5,300 

22,000 
3.900 
33,000 
19,000 

4,800 
1,100 

900 
9.000 

300 

000 

459,000 
15.000 
3, 100 
1,000 

90,090 

0,900 

2.800 
500 
8,000 

1,100 
1,500 
200 
17,000 
413,900 

13,000 
71,000 
1,600 
08,000 


200 
1,400 
14,000 
14,000 

200 
3,700 


8,600 
1,000 

11.000 
1.300 
545,000 

•  1.000 
6,800 


188,000 

4,600 
100 
27.000 
10,000 


rmODOCT  CAOOHT  BT— 


Offlaals. 

SabMB. 

Tnanul  nets. 

Pooadaets. 

All  othCT  appa- 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

;  Value. 

OllATit  it  V 

Value. 

Quantity 
(ponads). 

Value. 

Onanf  ft  v 

(pounds) . 

Value. 

1.%  834, 000 

$550,000 

10,004,000 

9584,000 

5,708,000 

1190,000 

702,000 

r-— 
927,000 

205,000 

118,000 



4,904,090 



9290,000 

 _s 

37,000 
1,100 
30,000 
13,000 
11,000 

11,000 
14,000 

i.noo 

100 
2, 100 

800 
1,100 

900 
800 

1 

500 
4,000 

(') 
100 

■  -- 

33,000 

1,600 

20,000  ,  700 

2,100 

100 

7,700 
14,000 
2,090 

560 

1  MIA 

1,000 

uo 

2.000 
202.000 

200 
12,000 

 1  

4,500 
42,000 

200 
1,000 

16,000 

1,100 

325,000  1  13,000 
1  • 

200  '  (J) 
11.000  400 

I  i3.666 

5,700 

tiOO 
100 

97,000 

3.900 

2.000 

lUO 

11,000 
2,000 
9,000 

72,000 

217.000 
27,000 
9,300 
11,000 

4,200 

200 
100 
400 

2,100 

7.800 
1,100 
400 
500 

200 

30,000 

2,000 

200 

(») 

132,000 

9,200 

82,000 

0,600 

>  32,000 

58,000 

279,000 
35,000 
74,000 
82,000 

15,000 

1,100 

2,200 

10,000 
1,500 
3,500 
4,300 

900 

32,000 

600 

23. 000 

109.000 
7.500 

4.100 
400 

3.000 
16,000 

100 
1,090 

1,140.000 
281,000 

57,000 
14,000 

8,800 

i,300 

29,000 
14,000 

3,400 
1,100 
400 

ioo 

7,500 
10,000 

4  .TOO 

400 

500 

300 

32,000  1  400 
320.000  1  8,400 

12,000 
24.000 

100 
500 

ino  I  r>) 

1.400  100 
1.900  200 

300 

(*) 

■ 

6,000 
12,708,000 
88,000 

300 
366,000 
8,300 

11,000 
2,936.000 
40,000 

000 
84,000 
7,100 

1,500 
361,000 

(*) 
10,000 

4,000 

41,000 
3,990 

5,000 

110,000 

15,000 

3,100 
100 

1,000 
5,700 
1,200 

8,800 

179,000 
10,000 

16.000 

300 

34,000 
000 

i..tao 

6,900 

40,000 
4,600 

390 

4,300 
100 

7,000 

8,000 

800 

2,600 

3.900 

200 

300 

22.000 
25,000 

22.000 
15,000 

400 
1.000 

1,100 
600 

3,000 
6,000 

100 
200 

35.000  1  2,000 

58,000 

4,600 

1.700 

100 

38,000 
3,000 
301,000 

1,000 
200 
0,600 

700 

(*) 

130,000 

^690 

83,600 

3,200 

200 

C) 

7,690,090 

48,000 
28,000 

4»,000 

3,800 
2,800 

131,000 
504,000 
13,090 
708,090 
«,100 

200 

fi..300 
36,000 

100 
44,000 

990 

200 

30.000 
868.000 

21,000 
382,000 

1.200 
31,000 
700 
16,000 

18.000 
19,000 
10.000 
56,000 

700 
1,000 

200 
2,800 

5.  SOO 

500 

0,600 

390 

TOO 

(*) 



iR.nnn  i  too 

700 

73,  aw 

383,000 

7,300 
12,000 

18.000 
31.000 
23,000 

700 
000 
1,600 

56,000 
11,000 

6,500 
TOO 

1,000 

(») 

8.000 
200 

800 

(») 



2,400 

200 
690 

MO 

'848.090 

•iS 

100,900 

4,600 
100 
37,090 
M,090 

6,800 

400 

40,000 

2,600 

900 

100 

14,000 
8,000 

38.000 
000 

8,190 

U,000 
2,000 

124.000 
300 

000 
800 

10,000 
1.300 

1,800 

100 

4,900 

300 

822,000 
♦18^090 

•8,731,090 

•4.3,000 
'400 
•136.000 
•2.800 







I  apoaratus.  with  catch,  as  follows:  Sponge  hooks  and  diving  apparatus,  622.000  pounds,  valued  at  $.>t5,000;  dredges,  tongs,  etc.,  3,773,000  pounds,  valued  at 
0187,000;  Unarms,  136,000  pounds,  valued  at  927/100;  otter  traps,  2,800  pounds,  valued  at  $10,000;  fish  ttms,  82,000 pounds,  valued  at  $6,500;  speara,  62,000 pounds,  valued  at 
I):  oast  nets,  .33,000  pounds,  valued  at  91|S00;  sbrimp  nets,  8,000  pounds,  valued  at  $400;  tyke  nets,  4,000  pounds,  valued  at  $300;  dip  nets,  2,400  ponnaStTalnod  at  $200; 
1  minor  apparatus,  208,000  pounds,  vaktad  at  07*490. 

>  Less  than  $100.  «  203,000  bushels.  •  6,100  bushaia.  •  •  27,000  hides. 

*  TiMiliwiBa  jwarli,  Tabwd  at  tWOi  •  632,000  buabataL  '50(alloiia.  •l,400akiiM. 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNHID  STATES,  1906. 

Table  3.— FLORIDA— FISHERY  PRODUCTS  OF  ATLANTIC  COAST  DISTRICT:  1908. 


AUottMT 


Atowiw. 


Cobia,  or  sergeant-fish. 
CtvnU  


Hickory 
Mallet, 


rickerel 

l'itfi>h 
Poinpaoo 


36.521,000 


1,220,000 
1,(B4,000 
372,000 

S2.000 
1,260,000 


Value. 


SI. 269,000 


Spot. 

Squeteajnie  

Slavbany  Uas 


ami 


,fcard  

,  martet.  from  pul>- 

;  areas  

market,  from  pri- 


Mm 

45.000 
4.400 
198,000 
8,573,000 
376,000 

3,000 
105.000 
276,000 
1,132,000 
110,000 

2.833,000 
1.098,000 
60.000 
110,000 

1,228.000 
130,000 
3,657,000 

180,000 

9,000 
»,000 

%s 

Ml,«0 

4,iiCooo 

18.000 


*t,m,m 

•98,000 
•11*,000 
'3,80» 
•  38,000 


5,400 
56,000 
17,000 

»,m 

1,300 
»,000 
2,000 


100 

8,000 
177,000 
6,500 

100 

35,000 
24,000 
5,100 


21.000 
2,400 
2,200 

51,000 
2,600 
133,000 

7,m 

1,000 
4,400 

2,700 
91,000 
8,500 
TOO 

%m 

111,000 

7,000 
21.000 

1.900 


Quantity 
1  (pouDda). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds) 

Value.  Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Q,uantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

1 

(pounds). 

Valoi. 

113,900.000 

1574,000 

2,743,000 

183,000 

14,  on,  600 

1414,000 

438,000 

319,000 

620,000 

322,000 

4,061,000 

058,000 

1,220,000 
376,000 
160,000 

1,204,000 
198,000 

62,000 
8,700 
71,000 

4M,0it 

38,000 

5,400 

fiOO 
130,000 

(») 

6,200 

AIM  nnn 

/dyUUU 

2,300 
229,000 

100 

lyZfiOyOUU 

121,000 

40,  UUJ 

200 

26,000 
3,100 
100 
6,700 

(•) 
18,000 
100 

2,900 
(') 

1,400 

(') 

1V^,(XX) 

38,000 
37,000 

900 
200 

1,100 

200,000 

11,000 

1,500 

100 

200,000 
30,000 

6,000 
1,600 

2,300 

100 

J  UUU 
1  ZSf\M) 

u,m 

(») 

4UU 

M 

100 

(«) 

3,000 

38,000 
100 

100 

1,500 
(') 

57,000 

2,600 

4,000 
179  mn 

8,184,000 
52,000 

100 

VfVW 

160,000 
800 

100 
27,000 
181,000 
280,000 

(») 

1,100 
3,000 
4»300 

I 

193,000 
16,000 

4,900 
600 

15,000 

300 

800 

3,000 

100 

t),800 
195,000 
204,000 

200 
25,000 
8,800 

600 
100 
3.000 
47,000 

(') 
(«) 

100 
3,100 

97,000 
81,000 
751,000 
64,000 

668,000 
746.000 

1,500 
9,800 

1,200 

(') 

12,000 
2,000 

64,000 
13,000 

85,000 

3,400 

2,164,000 
291,000 

255,000 
5,700 

38,666 

.  60,000 
8,100 

207,000 
1,000 

»t,m 

1,200 
2,400 
200 

9,300 
(») 

4,600 

22,000 

800 

55,000 
744,000 

1,200 
27,000 

m. 

1,000 
4.400 
30* 
1,M» 

46,000 

278,000 
103,000 
2,340,000 

177,000 

700 

15,000 
1,700 
77,000 

7,300 

800 

(') 

7,300 
10,000 

300 
700 

9,000 
55,000 

1  M»ooe 

2,000 

100 

30,000 
M^iBO 

08,000 

1,500 
200 

1,900 

133,000 
30,000 

5,000 
4,106.000 
10.000 
21,000 

4,800 
1,200 

100 
82,000 
5,000 
500 

1,200 

100 

75,000 

240,000 

9,000 

4,000 
1,300 

1,800 
200 

3,200 

1,«3» 

5,000 

100 

*  57,000 

43,006,000 

» 98,000 
*  119,000 
'3,000 
•28,000 

0,400 
101,000 

7,eoo 
21,000 
11,000 

1,900 

 1  

 1  

with  catch,  as  follows:  Dredges,  tcmgs,  etc.,  3,732,000 
~P—»  g|iOi  ■■—Ji.  fttmi  «t  3MO0;  dtp  nets,  90,  ~ 

•  14,000  bodMls. 


valued  at  3117,000;  firearms,  119,000  pounds,  valued  at  321,000;  otter  tnm,  ZJOBO 
4*  IMM5  and  nUnor  apparatus  OOyOOO  pMirfl,  vriBrt  at  IMK 

»  1,500  skins, 
s  ~ 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

Tabu  4.— FLORIDA— PRODUCTS  OF  SHORE  AND  BOAT  FISHERIES:  IMS. 


109 


spxaxs. 


Total. 


Fish: 

Alewives... 
Amber-fish. 
Angel-fish. . 
Barracuda.. 
Black  bass.. 


Blueflsh  

B<Htlto  

Bream,  or  sunfish... 


Cobift.  

CrerallO  

Croaker.  

I>niin(sal»>wat«r),or 


Romideis. 


Grouper  

Grants  

Hickory  shad. 

Bogflsh  

Jewfldi  


Jure!  

Ladyflsh  

Margate-flsh. 

Moonflsh  

Mullet  

Mullet  roe... 


Mutton-flsh.. 

Permit  

Flgflsh. 


,  or  scop. 


Pori 
Pork 
Round  roUn.. 
Sailor's  choloe. 
Sardines  


Sea  bass  

Sbad  

Shegpdiiead 


Spanish  mackerd.. 
Spot. 


aDdaturgeou 


Crabs,  hard. 
Crabs,  stone 
Shrimp  and  , 
Spiny  lobster, 


Terrapin  

Turtles  

Tortoise  sbdl. 
Sponges  


Oanelis  

Clams,  hard.   

Oyslers,  naraet,  Ikwn 

public  areas  

Oysters,  market,  from 
private  areas  ,  


Scallops  

Hides,  aUiattor. 

BUos,  otter  

Oil.1 


TCIXAL. 


QUMltttT 

(poonds). 


Valoe. 


63,992,000 


1,224,000 
34,000 

09,000 
41, (XK) 
1,070,000 

937,000 
8,900 
1,547,000 
10,000 
1,481,000 

123,000 
1,403,000 
94,000 

1,427,000 

in,  000 

205,000 
341,000 
198,000 
79,000 
14,000 

52,000 
345,000 
3,500 
18,000 
24,442,000 
135,000 

417,000 
24,000 
109,000 


117,000 
34,000 

25,000 
1,257,000 
22,000 

114,000 
2,836,000 
1,568,000 
341,000 
341,000 

2,332,000 
178,000 
4,864,000 

180,000 

9,m 

62,000 

200 
230,000 
107,000 
384,000 

148,000 
62,000 
4,353,000 
52,000 

21,000 
74,000 
200 
136,000 

15,000 
« 238, 000 

» 6, 850, 000 

•141,000 

'400 

•254,000 
•5,700 
M28,000 


32,450,000 


5,S00 
1,300 
3,000 
2,800 
58,000 

44,000 
700 

50,000 
400 

54,000 

2,S00 
23,000 
8^  MO 

38,000 

8,100 

9,500 
17,000 
8,000 
4,600 
1, 100 

900 
9,000 
300 
900 
632,000 
15,000 

9,000 
1,000 
1,800 

Hooo 

0,100 
2,700 

500 
32,000 
1,100 

3,800 
320,000 
38^000 
UbOOO 
1S,«00 

104,000 
4,200 
196,000 

7,400 
1,000 

f^OOO 

200 


14,000 
16,000 

2,900 
3,700 
92,400 
2,000 

9,400 
3,600 
700 
109,000 

» 1,000 
15,000 

274,000 

12,000 

100 
48,000 
21,000 
1,000 


29,483,000  ,31,115,000 


PBOOUCT  CAUGHT  BT- 


Offl 


(pounds). 


Vatoa. 


33,000 

700 
2,500 

320,000 


13,000 
5,700 
flOO 

52,000 
80,000 

u,m 

513,000 
40,000 

74,000 

86,000 
172,000 
15,000 


1,400 

1,900 
0,000 
•20,752,000 
86,000 

52,000 
8,800 
6,800 
873; 000 

16,000 
16,000 


328,000 


28,000 
.2,168,000 
560,000 


186,000 

1, 180,000 
32,000 
l,08it,000 

1,900 
9,000 

08,000 

300 
41,000 
30,000 
38,000 


6,800 


13,000 

6,000 
37,000 
300 


1,600 
200 
17,000 


600 
100 

m 

1,500 
2,600 
400 

15,000 
1,900 

3,500 
4,400 
6,900 
900 


QlMDtitT 

(poivids). 


4,186,000 


33,000 
1,100 
27,000 
407,000 

83,000 
8,700 
16,000 


280,000 

100 

1,218,000 

i,tn 

131,000 

100 

174,000 
234,000 


100 
200 
300 
530,000 
8,300 

800 
300 
200 
40,000 

900 
1,300 


55,000 
14,000 

8,800 

"1,366 


11,000 


61,000 
2,400 
600 
3^380 

03.000 
14,000 


60,000 


1,000 
256,000 
15,000 


7,300 

60,000 
1,000 
96,000 

100 
1,000 

S^OOO 

200 
1,500 
«,800 
1,880 


7,000 


38,000 
341,000 


232,000 
1,000 


400 


600 

2,000 
2,800 
700 


37,000 
70^000 
340,000 

<■)<•>,  000 
40,000 


5,000 


Value. 


3165,000 


1,300 

100 

1,9(K) 
27,000 

4,600 
700 
000 


Quantity 

(pounds). 


20,154,000 


l.»4,000 


8,700 

18,000 


3,000 
(«) 

5,300 
11,000 


3,300 
1,100 

400 

"ioo 


22,000 
000 
370,000 

485,000 
200 
1,215,000 
11,000 
977,000 

71,000 
81,000 
78,000 

611,000 
56,000 

9,300 
11,000 
27,000 

4,200 


32,000 
320,000 


3,900 
100 

4,900 
1,100 


4,700 


300 


1,300 
16,000 
4,100 

12,000 


1,500 
7,000 
11,000 

1,900 
2,000 


100 


11, IKK) 
3,117,000 
49,000 

288,000 
5,700 
100,000 
130,000 

4,000 


22,000 
770,000 
22,000 

78,000 
668,000 
876,000 


76,000 

901,000 
123,000 
2,718,000 

177,000 


151,000 
32,000 
47,000 

5>000 

4,'id6,'666 


10,000 

26,000 


Value. 


3501,000 


Trammel  nets. 


Cast  nets. 


All  other  appa- 
ratus.' 


Quantity  »^  Quantity 

(pounds).  Kponnds). 


792,000  127,000 


5,500 

""766" 

(') 
19,000 

20,000 

(') 
38,000 
200 
27,000 

1,300 
2,300 
1,500 

14,000 
2,200 

400 

500 
1,100 
200 


500 

4,000 


(«) 

100 


653,000 


4,500 
42,000 


200 


1,900  i. 


1,500 


300 


23,000 


100,000 
7,500 


(«) 


500 


4,100 
400 


2,300 


100 

'"3,666 

41,000 
1,000 


400 
8,400 


12.000 
34,000 


100 
300 


000 
87,000 
7,100 

4,300 
200 
1,500 
14,000 

100 


400 

13,000 
1, 100 

2,500 
64,000 
18.000 


1,900 

31,000 
2,500 
94,000 

7,300 


5,500 
900 
2,000 

100 

'82,'666 


6,000 

TOO 


1.  oOO 
301,000 


10,000 


8>000 


3,000 
6,000 


197,000 


16,000 


800 


1,200 


100 

aoo 


700 

*82,'666 
'ii'doo 


19,000 
9,500 
80,000 


1,000 


(») 
"3,366 
""'766 


1,000 
200 
2,800 


(») 


85,000 


22,000 

""■"866 


12,000 
10,000 


1,200 


340,000 
30,000 


123,000 


8,723,000 


3537,( 


100 


100 


(*) 

■"'i66 

1,600 

100 


9, 100 
12,000 
218,000 


299,000 
'244,"666' 


72,000 

7,500 
10,000 


5,100 


600 


3,400 


900 


4,M) 


100 

"is,'6oo 


7,000 


2,000 

3,900 


1,700 


5,800 


400 
700 


100 


9,000 
1,000 


2.000 


8,030 


77,000 
15.000 
8,000 
19,000 

3,800 
5, 100 


136,000 

15,000 
•238,000 

■6,850,000 

•  141,000 

'400 
•254,000 
•6,700 
••38,000 


>  Includes  apparatus,  with  catt^  MMoMK  Dredges,  tongs,  etc.,  7,029,000  pounds,  valued  at  $295,000:  sponge  hooks  and  diving  apparatus,  136,000  pounds,  valued  at 
3109,000;  firearms,  254,000  pounds,  valued  at  348,000;  fish  traps,  517,000  pounds,  valued  at  325,000;  otter  traps,  5,700  pounds,  valued  at  321,000;  pound  nets.  295,000  pounds, 

▼■iaed  at  318,000;  spears,  115,000  pounds,  valued  at  35,900;  dip  neU,  92,000  Poondo,  vdnsd  at  flJOfc  dMtaB  wMl  MOO  Btiuls  vataei  at  uSTklm   •rrrrrr? 

nined  at  3300;  and  minor  apparatus,  267,000  pounds,  valued  at  312,000. 

*  Less  than  $100.  •  979,000  buAcio.  •  61  JlOO  hldH. 

•  Includes  pearls,  ▼atawd  at  nOSl  •  20,06o  budMii.  •3i00skiaf. 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 

Table  5.— FLORIDA— PRODUCTS  OF  VESSEL  FISHERIES:  1906. 


Baoho. 


CrevaU*  

Drum  [stt»rwmm),mi 
Granpcr....  


nODOCT  CAVO*  ST- 


an 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


arras. 


>  Indudes  apparatia.'al 

«.  He..  477,000  rnimfcl 


10,0m,  000 

4,  MO 

1.  aoo 

3.800 
lo.OOO 

2,  aoo 

32.000 
J.  jOO 
1,005,000 

i.no 


1«,0N 

i,o« 

40^000 

2.800 

7,378,000 
315,000 
3,600 
19,000 

1.100 

89,000 
200 
487,000 
3  1.200 
*  477,000 


itity 
(VMBds). 


200 

100 
300 
1,000 

aeo 

eoo 

100 
24.000 


100 
4,200 


1«0 

418,000 
19,000 
400 
900 

100 

7,700 
700 

430,000 
100 
9,500 


500 

'14,' 666 


1,«0 

'i46,'666 
"'2,"s66' 


Valoe. 


08,000 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


8,581,C 


900 


100 


4,200 


100 


67,000 

"2,'s66 


80,000 


3,500 

"ioo 


7,700 


4,100 

"2,' ioo 

1,100 

a,ooo 


1,1 


1,900 

""ioo' 

1,800 

16,000 

1,000 

40,000 


7,878,000 
3,400 
8,000 

17,000 


V'alue. 


200 

'ioo 
200 


000 

'34*060 
a;3ao 

100 

■  "ioo" 

400 

500 

100 

2,800 


418,000 
200 
400 
800 


All 


Quantity 
(pomids). 


1,214,000 


700 
1,700 


240,000 


1,100 


487,000 
M,200 
« 477, 000 


I  and  diving  appanMMi^  4 
,  3,500  pounds,  valWiat 
*aoobustieU. 


yj—  pwiit,  rOmd  tWOjOOB;  mtom.  246.000  pouiiAl 
IH^  ma  nriBM  apfmmtm,  1,800  poonilt,  valued  at  8100. 


«8atlD00tNalMif. 


The  liaikery  produets  of  Georgia  in  1908  had  a 
▼aloe  of  f701,000.  Oyirten  eontrilmted  nearly  half 
of  the  Tthae  of  the  entire  product,  ^difle  Aad  and 

snapper  followed  as  other  leading  species.  The 
cipal  lishiiifr  grounds  are  the  Savannah,  the  Al- 
tiunaha.  and  the  Ogeechee  Rivers,  and  the  outlying 
ocean  areas.    Following  is  a  general  summary  of  the 


^■■ber  of  penou  employed   2  525 

Capital: 

Vf-s^el?  ami  boats,  including  outfit  |169, 000 

Apparatus  of  capture   55, 000 

Shan MdaceamypniMtty  and  CMh   185^000 

IMm  ^fm^tU   711,000 

Though  this  indwtiy  b  vdMHely  <Hie  of  tbe  minor 
industries  of  the  stftte,  it  mppMn  to  be  kuenmm^  in 

importance. 

Comparison  vnth  previous  canvasses. — The  census 
report  for  18S0  stated  that  the  sea  fisheries  of  Georgia 
ipm  at  Aet  time  almoBt  wholly  undeveloped,  but  the 
faMnwiiig  tomptm&w  sommary  shows  thet  thrae  has 
a  decided  and  ptogiesBtve  ineraaae  sinee  then  In 


Value. 


8460,000 


U,O0B 


100 


436,000 
100 
0,800 


TXAB. 

Per- 
sons em- 

VALUE  OF  EQU.'PHENT. 

ToUL 

VctMb 
and 
boats. 

Appara- 
cairtura. 

Quantity 
(paBBMb). 

Vatafc 

oatat' 

1908  

1902  

1880.  

2,215 
1,674 
1,404 
1,421 

8223,000 
122,000 
67,000 
51,000 

8169,000 
101,000 
40,000 
37,000 

188,000 

23,000 
18,000 
15,000 

14,828,000 
11,103,000 
4,993.000 
'  2,994,000 

?701,000 
359,000 
171,000 
124,000 

The  uniformity  of  development  in  the  Georgia  fish- 
eries since  1890  is  well  demonstrated  by  the  following 

comparative  statement  of  the  quantities  and  values 
of  the  chief  species  at  each  of  the  periods  for  which 
statistics  are  at  hand : 


TKAK. 

Oysters. 

Shad. 

Red  snapper. 

Qnawtlty 

(paaBdt). 

Vidua 

Qnantitv 

^iKmds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Vakw. 

1908  

1902  

1897  

1800.  

10.214,000 
8,5ti8,000 
3,406,000 
1,570,000 

$339,000 
220,000 

87,000 
41,000 

1.333.000 
1.029,000 
788,000 
400,000 

$190,000 
75,000 
47,000 

n,080 

1 

880,000 
125,000 

?i 

830,000 
7,500 

FISH] 


The  increase  in  the  catch  has  not  been  so  rapid  in 
the  case  of  shad  as  in  that  of  some  other  varieties, 
but  there  has  been  a  marked  increase  in  the  price 
since  1902.  Bed  snappers  were  not  mentioned  in 
the  report  kft  1897,  but  tihey  occuined  the  third  place 
in  1008. 

Persons  employed. — The  statistics  in  regard  to  the 
number  of  persons  employed  in  the  fisheries  of  Georgia 
are  given  in  the  following  tabular  statement: 


Total. 


FEBSONS 


:  1908. 


Number. 


Salaries  and  wages. 


Vessel  fisheries  

Transport  ini;  vessels, 
Sbore  and  boat  fish- 


ToUL 

Pro- 
prietors 

and  in- 
depend- 
ent flsh- 

ermen. 

Sala- 
ried 
em- 
ployees. 

Wag^ 

earn- 
ers. 

Total 

Sala- 
ries. 

Wages. 

2,525 

1  >634 

29 

1,.862 

$338,000 

$17,000 

$320,000 

395 
7 

14 

18 

363 
7 

87,000 
1,400 

201,000 
49,000 

14,000 

73,000 
1,400 

107,000 
40,000 

1,813 
310 

620 

11 

1,182 
310 

3.500 

I  Exclusive  of  11  proprietors  not  fishing. 

The  seven  persons  employed  on  transporting  ves- 
sels were  connected  with  vessel  fishery  interests, 
while  all  the  shoresmen  were  connected  with  the 
shore  and  boat  fisheries.  The  comparison  therefore 
shows  a  total  of  2,123  persons  for  the  shore  and  boat 
fiiEtoies  and  of  402  for  the  vessel  fisheries.  The 
intennittent  character  of  much  of  the  employment  is 
manifest  from  the  low  average  individual  wage. 

Equipment  and  other  capital.— The  following  table 
presents  statistics  in  r^guxi  to  the  capital  invested  in 
the  industry: 


CLASS  or  INVESTMENT. 

XQUWMSNT  AND  OTHEB 
CATRAb:  1806. 

Value. 

Number. 

Tonoage. 

8406,000 

VMsels,  including  outfit  

Fishing  

Steamj^j^.  

Outfit........... 

Sail  

Vessels  

Outfit  

TranqMiting  (sail)  

Veaaeis  

Outfit  

Boats.  

steam  and  motor  

Sail  

Row  

other  

Apparatus  of  capture  

Venel  fisheries  

ttora  and  boat  flsberias.. 


90,000 
85,000 
24,000 
20,000 
3,700 
61,000 
59.000 
2,000 
4,200 
4,000 
200 
79,000 
36,000 
24,000 
19,000 
700 
55,000 
8,100 
81,000 
188,000 


88 
86 
15 


1.301 
1,255 
153 


71 

"'2 


134 

598 

2,059 
2 


1,100 

40 


Of  the  total  investment,  $130,000  was  credited  to 
Teasel  fishenee  and  $278,000  to  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 


BY  STA'raS.  Ill 

The  item  showing  the  largest  value  is  shore  and  acces- 
sory property,  which  was  valued  at  $185,000.  Of  this 
amount,  $37,000  belonged  to  vessel  fishery  interests 
and  $148,000  to  those  of  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 
Craft  of  various  kinds  made  up  the  next  largest  item, 
the  value  exclusive  of  outfits  being  $163,000.  To  this 
the  value  of  vessels  contributed  $84,000  and  that  of 
boats  S79,000.  The  entire  amount  of  cash  capital 
reported  was  from  the  shore  and  boat  lisheries.  That 
none  was  reported  by  the  vessel  fisheries  is  due  partly 
to  thdr  close  association  with  canneries  tdmse  aeoounte 
carry  the  items  of  capital.  Sailing  vessels  wore  more 
important  than  steam  vessels  in  number,  tonnage,  and 
value,  but  the  greater  part  of  the  investment  in  out- 
fits pertained  to  steam  craft.  Steam  and  motor  boats, 
although  less  than  one-fourth  as  numerous  as  sail- 
boats, exceeded  them  in  average  value  by  more  than 
50  per  emt.  The  bulk  of  the  apparatus  <^  capture 
was  used  in  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  the  largest  invest- 
ment being  in  gill  nets.  Lines  and  dredges,  tongs, 
etc.,  were  the  only  kinds  of  apparatus  reported  for  the 
vessel  fisheries.  The  number  of  the  various  kinds  of 
apparatus  in  use  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  in  1908 
was  as  follows: 

Cast  nets  838 

Fyke  and  hoop  nets   61 

Gill  nets   982 

Pound  nets   12 

Seines   123 

Spean   7 

Stop  nets   6 

Traps,  catfish   180 

Traps,  otter  826 

Products,  by  species. — The  quantity  and  value  of  the 
products  of  the  Georgia  fisheries  are  given,  by  species 
and  by  apparatus  of  capture,  in  the  table  on  page 
1 13.  The  value  of  the  oyster  product  formed  48  per 
cent  of  tiiat  of  all  products.  Shad  and  red  snappers 
ranked  second  and  third,  respectively,  in  value  oi 
catch.  All  other  species  amounted  to  2,401,000 
pounds,  valueil  at  .S142,0()0.  Only  three  of  these — 
prawn,  catfish,  and  sea  bass — appear  in  (juantities 
exceeding  200,000  pounds,  wliile  terrapin  was  the 
only  one  for  which  a  value  above  $20,000  was  reported. 
The  three  l«uiing  spedes — oysters,  shad,  and  red 
snappers — ^have  contributed  the  bulk  of  the  increase 
both  in  the  quantity  and  in  the  value  of  fishery  prod- 
ucts since  1880.  although  their  gain  has  been  rela- 
tively no  greater  than  that  of  the  less  important 
species. 

Products,  by  class  of  fisheries. — ^The  foUowing  tabular 
statement  gives  the  product  of  vessel  fisheries  by 
species.  The  fish  were  taken  by  lines,  and  the  oyster 
product  (amounting  to  4,509,000  pounds,  valued  at 
$117,000)  was  taken  by  dredges,  tcmgs,  etc. 


118 


MS] 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


per  

snapper. 


market,  from  public  areas. . 
■■rket,  from  private  areas . 


PRODUCTS  OF  VESSEL 
nSHEKIKS:  1908. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


5,774,000 


i,2ai,ooo 

ItiO.OOO 
880,000 
225,000 
>  1,125,000 
•3,384,000 


Vahie. 


$163,000 


46,000 
2,900 
30,000 
13,000 
37,000 
81,000 


If  the  items  given  in  the  foregoing  tabular  state- 
be  dedoetodfiromtlietable  on  page  113,  the  latter 
be  oaed  m  *  table  of  the  ahum  end  boat  fisheries. 
Qroupers  and  red  snappers  war©  taken  solely  in  the 
vessel  fisheries,  and  only  sea  bass  and  market  oysters 
appear  in  the  catch  of  both  vessel  fisheries  and  shore 
and  boat  fisheries.  The  distribution  of  the  products 
appearing  in  both  the  vessel  and  the  shore  and  boat 
ii  alHnm  m  the  foBowiqg  tabular  irtatemnat: 


PRODUCTS  COMMON  TO 
VESSEL  nSHERIEa 
AMD    8HOU  AND 

BOAT  rvmuns: 
1M8. 

Qaantity 
(poonds). 

Value. 

a»bMs.  

233,000 
225,000 
8,000 
10,053,000 
»  3,484,000 
»  1,125,000 
'2,359,000 
« 6, 569, 000 
*  3,384,000 
•3,18§^008 

114,000 
13,000 
500 

334,000 

121,000 
37,000 
»4,000 

213,000 
81,000 

133,000 

VflMi  Osbnies  

^^'^Swi  pnMic  areas  

Vessel  fisheries    

■taB  private  areas  

>  498.000  bosheb. 
*  lfil,000  bosheb. 


»  337,000  busheb. 
<  938,000  busheb. 


•  488.000  bndHb. 

•  455.000  bnshds. 


Practically  all  of  the  sea  bass  was  taken  by  vessel 
fisheries.  The  large  factor  in  the  catch  of  both  classes 
of  fisheries  was  market  oysters,  of  which  the  vessel 
fisheries  reported  644,000  bushels,  valued  at  $117,000, 
9md  the  Aon  and  boei  fiabem  792,000  bushels, 
-wtkatd  at  9217^ 

Products,  hy  appamtus  of  capture. — As  oysters  repre- 
sented the  greater  part  of  the  weight  and  value  of  the 
Georjria  fisher}-  product,  dredges,  tongs,  etc.,  were  line 
leading  forms  of  apparatus  of  capture.  Except  for 
hard  clams,  valued  at  $9,000,  the  entire  product  taken 
wA  dvedges,  tongs,  etc.,  conaiBted  of  oyateis.  All  the 

tekn  bf  the  wkon  and  boat 


On  the  ba^is  of  weight  of  catch,  lines  were  next  in 
imponance,  with  a  eateh  of  1^10,000  pounds,  Talued 


at  $74,000,  followed  by  gill  nets  with  n  ratch  of 
1,721,000  pounds,  valued  at  $213,000.  On  the  bixsis 
of  value  of  catch,  the  order  is  reversed.  The  total 
product  (rf  Geoi^a  fidieries,  exclusiTe  of  the  catch  by 
dieses  and  tcmgi,  was  4,571,000  pounds,  having  a* 
value  of  $353,000.  Of  this  quantity,  lines  and  gill  nets 
took  3,532,000  pounds,  valued  at  $287,000,  and  all 
the  remaining  varieties  of  apparatus  1,040,000  pounds, 
valued  at  $66,000.  Amonj;  the  products  caught  by 
lines  the  red  snapper  held  first  rank,  with  a  weight  of 
880,000  pounds  and  a  rahie  of  $30,000.  Sea  bass  and 
groupofs  also  stood  fa^  in  the  list.  7bB  giU-net 
capture,  all  by  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  was  chiefly 
shad.  The  principal  catch  mth  seines  consisted  of 
prawn,  on  the  basb  of  quantity,  and  terrapin,  on  the 
basis  of  value. 

Oysters. — Oysters  were  of  greater  relative  impor- 
tance in  1902  than  in  either  1890  or  1897,  as  will  be 
seen  by  nrfexence  to  Ubib  tabular  statement  on  page 
110.  Between  1902  and  1908  the  oyster  industry 
made  large  gains,  but  the  increase  for  that  period  was 
not  so  great  as  that  for  the  previous  five  years.  The 
rapid  development  made  during  the  latter  period  and 
the  few  years  preceding  was  largely  the  result  of  the 
market  created  by  new  canneries.  Sudi  was  the 
growtii  that  the  Commissioner  of  Fisheries  stated  in 
his  report  for  1902,  in  regard  to  Geoiipa,  that  there 
was  very  little  doubt  that  in  years  to  come  private 
oyster  culture  would  have  to  be  resorted  to  on  a  large 
scale  in  this  state  if  the  oyster  supply  were  to  be  main- 
tained.^ Private  oyster  culture  had  been  well  started 
at  that  time,  but  no  statistics  of  its  extent  were  pre- 
sented. The  growth  of  this  entefprise  is  indicated  by 
the  table  on  page  113,  which  shows  that  in  1908  the 
product  from  the  private  areas  was  much  larger  than 
that  from  public  areas,  amounting  to  a  total  of 
952,000  bushels,  as  compared  with  only  507,000 
bushels  from  the  pubhc  areas.  Except  for  the  results 
of  private  cidtuie,  the  oyster  industry  apparently 
woidd  have  shown  a  loss  im^ead  of  a  gun  since  1902, 
as  the  product  from  public  areas  decreased  from 
1,224,000  bushels  in  1902  to  507,000  bushels  in  1908. 
In  considering  these  figures,  however,  allowance  must 
be  made  for  the  fact  that  while  no  returns  were  made 
for  private  areas  separately  in  1902,  a  considerable 
product  thereinnn  iqppears  in  the  totab  for  that  year. 

In  eadi  elass  of  fisheries  in  1 908  oysters  from  private 
areas  exceeded  those  from  paUb  areas  boUi  in  qmat' 
tity  and  in  value. 


.387. 


at  th*  flwilh  Artblir 


IMS, 


FmsmW,  BY  STATES. 

GEORGIA— FISHERY  PRODUCTS:  1908. 


US 


Total. 


Kh: 


Ateflrlves... 
Black  bass. 


CaOsh.. 
Cnnker. 


Drum  (salt-water),  or  chan- 
nel bass  

Eels  

Flounders  

Grouper  

Hickory  shad.  


Mullet  

Perch,  yellow. 
Pike  


Sheepshead.. 
Snapper,  red. 
Squeteague. . 
Striped  bass.. 


Sturgeon. 
Suckers... 
Sunflsh. . . 
Whiting.. 


Crabs,  hard  

Shrimp  and  j/um . 
Terraplii.  

Tiu-tles  


Clams,  hard  

Oysters,  market,  from  public 

areas  

OyateiB,  maitet,  fhmi  private 


Oysters,  seed,  frvmpablloi 
Oysters,  seed,  fnm  pnvstaanas . 
Skins,  otter.  


TOTAL. 

Quantitv 

Vataw. 

14,M8,000  1 

1701,000 

32,000 
6,000 
38,000 
280,000 
46,000 

1,000 
wO 
1,200 
15,000 
1,800 

151,000 
0,000 
7,200 

160,000 
3,500 

8,lil0 
400 
400 

2,  WO 

200 

194,000 
14,000 
1, 100 
233,000 
1,333,000 

5,400 
000 
100 
14,000 
190,000 

64,000 
880,000 
140,000 
8,900 

3,700 
30,000 
12,000 
800 

100,000 

3,000 
7,100 
98,000 

7,000 

100 

300 
9,400  ' 

196,000 
628,000 
41.000 

1,500 

7,500 
19,000 
21,000 

(«) 

'43,000 

9,400  ' 

«3, 484, 000 

121,000 

•6,569,000 
•63,000 
'98,000 
•700 

213,000 
1,800 
2,800 
3,600 

raooiicT  cAiran  bt— 


Gill  nets. 


1,721,000 


13,000 
'35,066 
27,066 

11,000 

'  '5,066 

"3,'566 

38,000 
2,000 


1,323,000 

28,000 

"'i68,'666 


100,000 
3,000 


25,000 


Vakw. 


8213,000 


400 

'i,'i66 
■"■966 

400 

"'366 
"266 

1,000 
100 


188,000 

1,700 

"'8,' 766' 


7,000 
100 


2,500 


Lines. 


1,810^000 


500 
2,000 
40,000 
14,000 


132,000 
6,000 


160,000 


800 


37,000 
880,000 
28,000 
2,000 


3,500 
72,000 

196,000 


Valoau 


874,000 


100 
2,500 
000 


4,200 
400 


2,900 


200 
(») 

14,000 


2,100 
30,000 
2,500 
200 


100 
6,900 

7,500 


Seines. 


549,000 


5,000 


75,000 


3,000 


ValoB. 


838,000 


300 


2,300 


300 


425,000 
41,000 


14,800 
21,000 


I'ound  and  trap  nets.  All  other  apparatus.' 


(poniids. 


itttr 
iS). 


VataB. 


Qoantity  v* 

(poonds).  I 


15,000 
5,500 


277,000  814,000 


230,000 


500 
600 


1^000 


9,000  200 
7,000  400 
800  («) 


4,900 


8,100 


1,500 


400 


200 


10,472,000  I  8363,000 


4,000 


600 
5,000 
4»i00 


7,700 
■2,386 


(») 
■(■*)■ 


500 


72,000 


10,000 


500 
2,000 


1,200 


108,000 


» 43,000 

♦8,484,000 

•6,500,000 
•63,000 
'98,000 
•TOO 


2,000 
*i;888 


100 
200 


100 


9,400 
121,000 

213,000 

1,800 
2,800 
3,600 


I  Includes  apparatus,  wtQifi^ek, 
"1  at  $3,000;  stop  nets, 
pounds,  valued  at  SIOO. 
»  Less  than  $100. 
•5,400  bushels. 

4 


vabHdattl, 


etc.,  10,3S7Jn0poaads, 


atSMfl^OOO; 
'aftmOiiyiB 


»  938,000  bi 
•  9,000  bostMla. 


Talued  at  $7,808; 
a^OOOpouiids,  TBiaedatHDO; 

» 14.0(X)  bush*. 
•  400sluns. 


iLLnrois. 

In  fishery  products  Illinois  ranked  fifteenth  among 
the  states  in  1908.  The  catch  of  this  state  included  a 
great  variety  of  species,  but  the  German  carp  repre- 
atotedoonalderabfymore  than  one-third  and  the  prod- 
iwts  of  Uie  mussd  firiieries  afamst  one-fourth  of  the 
total,  measured  by  value  of  products.  The  fishing 
grounds  of  the  state  are  the  Mississippi  and  Ohio  Riv- 
ers with  their  tributaries,  and  Lake  Michigan. 

The  following  statement  is  a  general  summary  of  the 
statistics  for  1908: 

Number  of  penona  employed   4, 439 

Vessels  and  boats,  incfakUag  Otttfit  '. .  $281, 000 

Apparatus  of  capture   272, 000 

Shore  and  accessory  property  and  cash   295, 000 

TaliMofpradncts   1,498,000 

Comparison  vAih  previous  canvasses. — During  the 
five  years  preceding  1908  a  great  impetus  was  given 
the  fisheries  of  Illinok.  Hie  increase  in  the  catch  of 
German  carp  and  in  the  quantity  of  mussel  products 
ot^ained  was  marked.  Many  other  ^eciea  showed 

76786°— 11  8 


heavy  increases  and  a  few  i^>ecies  were  reported  for 
the  &st  time  at  ^  census  of  1908.   Hie  inranase  WM 

general  throughout  all  the  fisheries  of  the  state. 

The  main  statistics  for  1908  and  for  1899,  asvqpoitad 
by  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries,  are  as  follows: 


TBAB. 

Persons 

em- 
ployed, 

SSeSL 

rAivm  or  CQommr. 

Total. 

Vessels 
and 
boats. 
Including 
outfit. 

Appara- 
tus of 
capture. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

1808  

4,888 

2,sa 

tM.OOO 
88,000 

903,000 
119,000 

74,820,000 
20,668,000 

tt«4n,fl80 

Persons  employed, — The  following  table  gives  the 
statistics  of  the  persons  employed  in  the  fisheries  of 
Illinois,  by  district,  class  of  fisheries,  and  condition  of 
employment.  The  districts  into  which  the  fisheries 
are  grouped  are  those  of  the  Mississippi  River  and  its 
tributaries,  the  Qiao  Rtvw  and  its  tributaries,  and 
Lake  Miehigan.  The  district  first  mmtioned  indndea 
the  Illinois  River,  which  furaidied  90  par  oeot  of  the 
total  products  for  the  state. 


114 


OF  THE  fmrm)  states,  i90s. 


1 

nlMiHaadirege& 

Pro- 
1  prietors 
and  in- 
depend- 
ent 
flslMr- 

Sala- 
ried 
em- 
ployees. 

Warn. 

earn- 
ers. 

TotaL 

Sala- 
ries. 

Wages. 

mu  

Veaael  fisb- 
TrABspoft- 

ftll(VMnlB. 

than  and 

boat  fish- 
eries  

Sboresmen.. 

■Hhi4>pl  River  dis- 
Mec  

4,439 

:  

> 3,060 

15 

1,354 

1344,000 

19,000 

i  3335,000 

61 
7 

4.291 
80 

13 
2 

3,045 

6 

42 
6 

1,237 
80 

19,000 
1,100 

293,000 
30.000 

4,200 

15,000 

1,100 

288,000 
30,000 

9 

4,800 

3,811 

2,551 

15 

1,245 

319,000 

9,000 

310,000 

» 

6 

3,716 
60 

476 

6 
1 

2,544 

6 

8 
5 

1,163 
60 

M 

8,700 

1.100 

284.000 
26,000 

3,400 

4,200 

4,500 

1,100 

279,000 
26,000 

3,400 

Willi  1    aad  boat 
fisberies  

9 

4.600 

Ofafc>  River  district  

TnnsportiDg  ves- 
sels  

4» 

1 

475 

152 

1 

419 

89 

ShoR  and  boat 

56 

63 

3,400 

21,000 

3,400 

21.000 

liBke  IGchicain  district. 

Vessel  fisheries  

41  1 

1 

100  1 
11 

7 
82 

34 

18 
11 

11,000 

5,600 
4,400 

11,000 

5,600 
4,400 

ibore   and  boat 
fisheries  

>  EirinslTe  of  24  proprietors  not  fishing. 

>  Indodes  provisions  furnished  to  the  value  of  316,000. 

The  fisheries  of  the  Illinois  River  gave  employment 
in  the  aggregate  to  2,497  persons,  or  more  than  one- 
kaif  of  the  tot&l  number  for  the  state.  Of  these,  1,504 
propnalon  aad  indqwndtpt  fiahMinai,  6  were 
and  967  wwe  wagie-ewmas. 
mnd  other  capital. — The  distributioik 
among  the  three  districts  of  tiie  value  of  equipment 
and  other  capital  employed  in  the  Illinois  fisheries  is 
in  the  following  table: 


vjsm  OF  KQtnnmra  am  OBUB 
camAL:  1908. 

TotaL 

!  Missis- 
dMriet 

Ohio 

Lake 
Mictai- 

gaa 

..  .  ■ 
ujMJm. 

T«>tal  

38«),000 

3747,000 

319,000 

S83.000 

▼•Mb,  indudins  outfit  

Wmiag  (mam  and  motor)  

47,000 
43,000 
33.000 
9.800 
4,600 
3,400 
2,900 

500  I 
1.200 
234,000 
156,000 
«0 

ss 

272.000 

23.000  ' 
2«,000 

21.000 
18.000 
10,000 
7,500 
3,300 
2,600 
2,100 
500 
700 
221,000 
148,000 

1.200 

25.000 
25.000 
23,000 
2,400 

vSnb.  

ooiat  

1,200 
800 
800 

Outfit  

other  

400 
5,500 
1,400 

7,500 
6,100 
400 

1,000 

1,000 
24,000 
18.000 

6,700 
19,000 

7,000 

Row  

64,000 
9.100 

239.000 
5.300 
234,000 
130,000 
135,000 

4,100 

Other  

Apparatus  of  capture  

8,900 

Vessel  fisheries  

SiMxc  and  boat  fisheries.  

8,900 
3,400 

Tbe  number  aad  tonnage  of  the  veaaels  and  the 
of  boats  npovtod  lor  1M8  and  tlie  diBtribo- 


tion  by  districts  is  given  in  the  following  tabular  state- 
ment: 


Fidiliig — 

Number... 

Tonnage... 
Tiansporting— 

Number. .. 

Toimage... 
other,  number. 

Boats,  number.  

Steam 
Sail... 
Bow. 


am  soAiK  1908. 


fUtaL 


Missis- 
sippi 
River 

district. 


IS 

m 

3 
23 
2 

4,222 
624 
8 

3,374 


3 
18 
1 

3,678 
604 


I 


2,360 


Ohio 
River 
district. 


1 
« 
1 

472 
13 


Lake 
Michi- 
gan 
disttict. 


T 

m 


n 

8 
8 
M 
t 


The  value  of  apparatus  of  capture,  of  floating  equip- 
ment, and  that  of  shore  and  accessory  property,  com- 
bined with  cash,  each  represents  about  a  third  of  the 
total  inFcatmait.  Of  the  inTestment  in  shore  and 
aoeeasoiy  propwtj,  $126,000  pertained  to  riiore  and 
boat  fisheries  and  $26,000  to  vessel  fisheries  and  trans- 
porting vessels.  Of  the  cash  capital,  $115,000  was 
reported  by  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  and  $27,000 
by  the  vessel  fisheries.  The  total  investment  of  the 
shore  and  boat  fisheries  was  $725,000,  and  that  of 
Teasd  fisheries  and  transporting  veasds  was  $124,000. 

Of  tiie  inrestaMnt  in  floating  equ^tmait  ezclusiTe  <rf 
outfits,  $190,000,  or  orer  70  per  eent,  nprescnts  steam 
and  motor  boats. 

The  Illinois  River  fisheries  employed  $551,000,  or 
nearly  two-thirds  of  the  total  capital  for  the  state. 

The  number  and  distribution  of  the  various  kinds  of 
apparatus  of  capture,  as  reported  for  1908,  were  as 
follows: 


airaajunm  or  canoBB:  1MB. 


TotaL 

1 

Distributed  by  districts. 

Distributed  by  claN 
of  flsheri^. 

Missis- 

-   *  * 

^DmBsDCw 

Ohio 

River 
...  ■ 
<IIRI1BI. 

Lake 
...  .  ■ 

Shore 

67 

152 
29,510 
4,135 
4 

361 

615 

8,865 

87 

87 

a8,om 

7t6 
4 

350 

609 

8,866 

Fish  badnli  and 

152 
28,536 
10 

341' 
til2 

1  8,866 

Frke  nets  

974 

 e' 

1 

440 

3,340 

Ofil  nets  

4,125 
4 
14 

2 

Seines  

Trammel  nets  

Traps,    mink  and 

11 

6 

ProiueU,  fty  §peeie». — ^The  quantity  and  value  of  the 

fishery  products  of  the  state  are  given,-  by  q>ecies  and 

by  apparatus  of  capture,  in  Table  1,  on  page  117. 

The  carp  and  mussel  fisheries  ranked  far  above  all 
of  the  others  in  value  and  together  contributed  65 
per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  fishing  product  for 
the  state. 

Prodiuettf  ly  juihing  ^roufuZt.— Tables  2,  3,  and  4, 
on  ps^Bs  11$  and  119  Axm  tiw^odiiets,by  ^edes  and 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


116 


apparatus  of  capture,  for  the  Mississippi  River,  the  Ohio 
River,  and  the  Lake  Micliigan  districts,  respectively. 

The  following  table  shows  the  distribution  of  the 
value  of  the  chief  products  for  the  fishery  districts  of 
tbe  state: 


Can,  OcmaD. 
BoflUoflah.... 


Blaekl 

Crappie  

Sunflsh  

Lake  herring,  or  Cisco . 
Drum,  or  sheepshead. 

Dogfish  

Lake  trout  , 

Perch,  yellow  

Paddleflsh  

All  other  , 

IfosBel  shells  

Poarls  and  slugs  

suns,  mualcrat  and  mink. 




TMlO. 


31,436,000 


1,032,000 
574,000 
117,000 
96,000 
57,000 
35,000 
31,000 
28,000 
20,000 
18,000 
13,000 
12,000 
12,000 
21,000 
184,000 
170,000 
20,000 
21,000 
6,800 


Miasisaippi 
RiTer 
district. 

Ohio 
River 
district. 

Lake 
lliohtaaa 
district 

$1,242,000 

S136.000 

$58,000 

953,000 
566,000 
113,000 
90,000 
57,000 
34,000 
31,000 

22,000 
5,500 
3,800 
6,300 
100 
100 
100 

58,000 
2,600 
100 

(') 

28,000 
100 
200 
13,000 
18,000 

10,000 
17,000 

3,900 

11,000 
17,000 
142,000 
98,000 
20,000 
21,000 
6,800 

(iOO 
l.GOO 
42,000 
72,000 

8,800 

>  Lev  than  3100. 

The  most  important  tributar}^  of  the  Mississippi 
River  is  the  Ilhnois  River.  In  1894  the  fishery 
product  of  the  Ilhnois  River  was  about  3,000  tons, 
valued  at  $162,000,  and  formed  about  one-half  of 
the  yield  of  the  Ifississippi  River  district.  In  1899 
it  formed  about  two-thiids,  amounting  to  7,000  tons, 
valued  at  $382,000,  and  in  1908  it  formed  more  than 
seven-tenths,  amounting  to  23,000  tons,  valued  at 
$860,000.  The  chief  product  of  the  Illinois  River  is 
German  carp.  The  carp  from  tliis  river  in  1908 
formed  nearly  three-fourths  of  the  carp  product  for 
the  state,  and  was  valued  at  $412,000,  which  is  nearly 
as  large  as  the  comlnned  value  of  all  the  other  fishery 
products  of  this  river. 

The  mussel  products  of  the  Illinois  River  were 
valued  at  $139,000,  or  nearly  58  per  cent  of  the  value 
of  the  mussel  products  of  the  Mississippi  River  dis- 
trict, and  nearly  40  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  mussel 
products  of  the  state. 

The  fisheries  of  tbe  CHuo  River  diirtrict  have 
increased  to  a  ccmsideraUe  extent,  as  is  dhown  by  the 
fdlowing  comparative  statement: 


TBAB. 

nsHXBT  moDOcn  or 

THK    (HDO  WVES 

unuuc 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

1808  

7,424,000 
380,000 
940,000 

3136,000 
20,000 
30,000 

1808  

1384 

Prior  to  1908  no  mussel  product  entered  into  the 
total  for  this  district.    The  extent  of  such  products 


in  1908  accounts  almost  entirely  for  the  large  gains 
shown  for  that  year,  as  compared  \\'ith  the  earlier 
years.  Carp,  moreover,  which  in  1908  contributed 
one-fourth  of  the  value  of  the  fi^  product,  formed 
only  a  small  part  <^  the  product  at  eadi  <tf  tiie  pre- 
vious canvasses.  In  1899  and  in  1894  dram,  bofialo 
fish,  and  catfish  were  leading  species. 

The  increase  in  the  products  of  the  lake  fisheries 
since  the  last  canvass  has  been  relatively  large,  as  is 
shown  in  the  folknvin":  tabular  statement: 


T 

FBHSBT  noDucn  or 
uua  MnMAir  Mi> 

1,176,000  858,000 
888,088  {  91,008 
828,088  1  91^888 

Products,  hy  doss  of  ^heriea. — ^Tbe  distributicm  of 

the  product  between  the  vessel  fisheries  and  the  shore 
and  boat  fisheries  by  di^ricts  is  shown  in  the  foUown^ 
tabular  statement: 


nscnct  am  CLASS  or 


Total.... 
Vessel  fisheries. 


Mississippi  River  district . 
Lake  Michigan  district. . . 


Shore  and  boat  fisheries  

Mississippi  River  district. 
OliioRkerdMciet. 


nsHKRY  products:  1908. 


QnsBllty. 

VahM. 

Per  cent 
dtatii- 

DUUQB. 

74,620,000 

100 

$1,430,000 

100 

2.983,000 

4 

89,000 

6 

2,484,000 
500,000 

3 
1 

1  61.000 

1  28,000 

4 

2 

71.036,000 

96 

1  1,347,000 

94 

03,536,000 
7,4M,«00 
877,000 

85 
10 
1 

1,181,000 
136,000 
88,080 

82 
9 
3 

The  catdi  of  the  shore  and  boat  fisbMriee  ctMnprised 
all  but  a  small  portion  of  the  entire  state  product. 

The  products,  by  species  and  apparatus  of  capture, 
are  given  for  the  vessel  fisheries  in  Table  5,  on  page 
119,  and  for  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  in  Ta])k'  (>.  on 
page  120.  The  former  table  also  distributes  the  prod- 
ucts between  the  two  districts  wfaixdi  had  vessel  fish- 
eries—the MImss^  Shw  and  the  Lake  Ifiehigan 
districts. 

By  deducting  the  products  of  the  vessel  fisheries  of 
the  ^lississippi  River  and  Lake  Michigan  districts,  as 
given  in  Table  5,  on  page  119,  from  the  corresponding 
items  for  all  fishery  products  of  those  districts,  as 
given  in  Tables  2  and  4,  respectively,  on  pages  118 
and  119,  tbe  iqracific  products  of  tbe  eliore  and 
boat  fisheries  of  each  of  these  districts  can  be  ascer- 
tained. All  of  the  products  of  the  Ohio  River  district, 
presented  in  Table  3,  belong  to  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries. 


116 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


Products,  hy  apparatus  of  capture. — The  distribution 
by  apparatus  of  capture  of  the  products  of  chief  value 
for  the  respective  districts  is  given  in  the  following 
Iftbular  statement: 


Mississippi 
dWrfet 

Ohio 

Birer 

"  -  .  - 
uMncn. 

Lake 
aMflW. 

Saioes. ......  . 

$1,436,000 

$1,242,000 

$136,000 

$58,000 

460,000 
355,000 
330,000 
151,000 
56,000 
51,000 
20.000 
12,000 

455,000 
241,000 
319,000 
151,000 
48,000 
200 
20,000 
9,000 

2,000 
114,000 
12,000 
400 
7,900 

2,800 

(') 

900 
51,000 

Lines  

GUI  nets  

3,000 

Crowfoot  dredges,  wliich  are  employed  in  the  mus- 
sel fisheries,  had  the  largest  yield  in  weight  and  the 
second  in  value,  while  seines  had  the  largest  in  value 
and  the  second  in  weight.  Fyke  nets  were  third  in 
both  weight  and  value  of  catch.  Products  valued  at 
whaat  80  per  eni  of  tli»  totel  T»liie  ci  fishery  prod- 
■ete  wen  Ukm  by  these  three  classes  of  appantas. 
Gffl-^et  fishiog  is  practically  confined  to  Lake  Michi- 
gan, where  nearly  nine-tenths  of  (be  pvodttCt  for  1908 
was  taken  in  nets  of  this  class. 

German  carp. — The  value  of  the  catch  of  German 
cup,  $574,000,  formed  40  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the 
Him  fishery  prodttet  of  the  state,  and  was  connder- 
ably  more  thui  the  eombiaed  Tahie  of  aU  of  the  otimr 
lood  firiMB.  The  eaip  takeii  weighed  11,000  short 
tons,  or  more  than  one  and  one-half  times  the  weight 
of  all  other  food  fishes  taken  in  the  state.  A  carp 
product  was  reported  by  every  district,  but  much  the 
kigaet  aoMMmt  was  taken  in  the  Mississippi  River 
dfatrid.  Of  the  total  far  thai  dMirict,  7,700  tons, 
^aknd  at  $412,000,  were  taken  m  the  llfinMns  Biver. 

Approximately  three-fourths  of  the  carp  reported 
at  previous  canvasses  as  caught  in  the  Mississippi 
River  district  came  from  the  Illinois  River.  One-half 
or  more  of  the  growth  in  the  fishery  product  of  the 
rtaie  can  be  credited  to  the  growth  in  the  catch  of 
tmrp.  Ifc  19H  hrfelu,  catfiA,  and  frerfMrakr  dram 
had  a  hearier  and  more  yaluaUe  jiild  than  eaip,  but 
■I  18M  carp  led  for  the  first  time. 


Qmntity 

(pounds;. 

Valae. 

21,642.000 
7,650,000 
9,896,000 
860,000 

$574,000 
ITfi.OOO 
244.000 
21,000 

urn  

The  German  carp  was  introduced  into  the  Illinois 
River  as  late  as  1880.  At  first  it  was  despised,  and 
when  a  fish  of  this  species  was  caught  inadvertently 
it  was  generally  thrown  back  into  the  river.  These 
early  yeais  of  unmolested  opportunity,  given  to  a  fish 
of  flu^  fwmdity  and  hard&ood,  piodu^  large  re- 
sults later.  Mneh  hoetifity  was  mantfested  toward  the 
carp  by  sportsmen,  and  no  demand  for  it  as  a  food, 
was  apparent  for  some  years  after  its  introduction. 
But  the  Illinois  commission  began  a  vigorous  defense 
of  the  carp  and  conducted  what  was  almost  a  campaign 
of  education,  instructing  sportsmen  in  the  habits  of 
the  cup  and  fidi  dealers  in  its  food  rahie.  Bedpesfor 
preparing  the  flesh  for  table  uae  and  for  making  jeUioB 
and  other  ddicades  were  pubhahed,  testimony  as  to 
the  epicurean  qualities  of  these  preparations  was  col- 
lected and  printed,  menus  containing  carp  served  in 
various  ways  at  famous  hostelries  were  Uthographed 
and  distrilmted,  and  statistics  of  the  production  and 
consumption  of  the  fish  in  other  countries  were  made 
known.  In  a  idatirdtjr  short  time  fishermori  turned 
their  attention  to  the  carp,  and  as  early  as  1899  the 
weight  of  the  carp  taken  was  neaily  equal  to  that  of 
all  other  food  fishes  combined. 

Carp  are  taken  with  a  great  variety  of  apparatus, 
although  one-half  of  the  catch  was  wiUi  seines.  Coil- 
traiy  to  the  general  impression,  hnee  are  efficacious  in 
their  captme,  and  of  the  oominercial  prodnet,  <wrp  to 
the  value  of  $17,000  were  so  taken. 

Mussels. — The  mussel  fisheries  had  a  product  sec- 
ond in  value  to  that  of  carp.  The  value  of  the  shells, 
pearls,  and  slugs  obtained  in  the  state  amounted  to 
$355,000,  or  25  per  cent  of  the  value  of  all  products. 
Of  this  amount,  $114,000  is  credited  to  Ihe  fisheries  of 
the  Ohio  River  district  and  $241,000  to  those  of  the 
Mississippi  River  district.  The  value  of  the  products 
of  the  Ilhnois  River,  amounting  to  $139,000,  formed 
the  larger  portion  of  the  value  reported  for  the  Mis- 
sissippi River  district.  The  increase  in  the  yield  of 
mussels  was  eren  more  rapid  than  that  in  the  catch  of 
carp.  The  jj^odnet  in  1804,  1809,  and  1908  was  aa 
fdlows: 


MUSSEL  PBODUCTS. 

Quantity  | 
(tons). 

ViliM. 

20,000 

%m 

M 

S184.000 
«.«0 
700 

$170,000 

Buffalo Juih. — ^The  buffalo  fish,  which  led  before  carp 
attained  first  |daee,  ranked  aeooiid  in  rahie  among  the 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


117 


food  fishes  in  1908,  and  its  value  formed  8  per  cent  of 
the  total  value  of  products.  Buffalo  fish  are  taken  in 
all  districts,  but  90  per  cent  of  the  catch  in  1908  was 
from  the  Mississippi  River  district.  The  yield  of  buf- 
falo fish  decreased  in  quantity,  but  a  recovery  in  prices 
arrested  the  decrease  in  the  value  of  the  catch.  Buffalo 
^eii  are  taken  principally  with  seines  and  fyke  nets. 
The  product  for  1894, 1899,  and  1908  is  shown  below : 


smnrAMHnae 

raODOCT. 

TXAB. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

1906  

3,042,000 
4,051,000 
6,817,000 

$117,000 
112,000 
148,000 

UN  

Catfish. — Catfish  was  fourth  in  importance,  and  the 
product  for  1908  and  prior  years  is  shown  in  the  next 
column. 


CAim  flOPPCT. 

Qiuntitjr 
(poands). 

Vihae. 

2,014.000 
1,870,000 
1,MS,000 

186,000 
«,000 

Black  hass. — ^Black  bass  is  a  valuable  food  fish  that 
is  taken  chiefly  in  the  Mississippi  River  district. 
Nearly  one-half  of  the  catch  is  by  seines.  That  there 
has  been  a  notable  increase  in  tlie  (juantity  caught  is 
shown  ])V  the  followini'  tabular  statement: 


QuantitT 
(pounds). 

VahM. 

532.000 
126,000 
•7,000 

•17,000 

Tablb  1.— ILLINOIS-PISHERY  PRODUCTS:  1908. 


Fish: 


Black  bass  

Buffalo  fish.... 
Carp,  German. 
Catfish  and 

heads  

Crappie  


bull- 


Dogfish  

Dram  (fmh-water), 
orsheepdiead  

Eels  

Lake  herring,  orcisco 
Lake  trout  


Lhig,  or  eelpout  

Paddleflsh.  

Perch,  yellow  

Pike  and  pickerel  

Pike  perch  (wall  - 
eyed  pike)  

Rock  bass  

Staneon  and  caviar 
and  storgeon  eggs*. 

Suckers  


Sunflsh,  or  bream  

While  bass  

Whitefish  

AUollMr  


Frogs  

Terrapin  

Turtles  

Mussel  shells  

Pearls  and  slugs. 
81ctai,mink. 


tOTAL 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


74,620,000 


532,000 
3,042,000 
21,642,000 

2,044,000 
1,281,000 

1,370,000 

666,000 
31.000 
598,000 
150,000 

27,000 
402,000 
238,000 

14,000 


14,000 
6,200 

180.000 
281,000 

1,714.000 
6.900 
13,000 
2,000 

25.000 
205.000 
306,000 
39,809,000 


•1,000 
•17,000 


Value. 


noDocr  CAUon  mr— 


Seines* 


Quantity 
(ptnuids;. 


Value. 


$1,436,000   l,5.!Mr).(KK1  S4fi0,000 


57,000 
117,000 
674,000 

96.000 
35,000 

18,000 

20,000 
1.800 
28.000 
13,000  ' 

600 
12.000 
12.000  ! 
1,100 


1,500 
800 

7.300 
6,400 

31.000 
300 
800 
100 

6,800 
13,000 
8, 100 
184,000 
170,000 
0,000 
14,000 


220.000 
1,227,000 
10,957.000 

811.000 
575,000 

702,000 

167,000 
7,200 


289,000 
"'5,660' 


1,700 
400 

45.000 

72,000 

696.000 
2,500 


79.000 
S8.000 


25,000 
49,000 
291,000 

M.m 

10,000 

9,100 

4,700 
400 


8,700 
'  366 


100 

(=) 

1,600 
1,300 

13,000 
100 


3.000 
2,400 


Fyke  nets. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


11.370.000 


100,000 
1,153,000 
6,891,000 

625.000 
515,000 

485,000 

312.000 
12,000 


Value. 


1330,000 


84,000 
"2,' 366' 


900 
900 

30.000 
128,000 

767,000 
1,200 


9,900 
44,000 
185,000 

29,000 
13,000 

6,000 

9,700 
600 


1'23.000 
141.000 


2,300 
"'"200 


100 
100 

soo 

3,000 

13,000 
100 


10.000 
3,700 


Trammel  nets. 


Quantity 
(pooBds). 


5,100,000 


114,000 
iS08,000 
S,  175,000 

310.000 
174.000 

162,000 

106.000 
6,«I0 

ci 


Value. 


n51,000 


30,000 
200 
2,000 


400 

600 

79.000 
74.000 

241,000 
2,800 


11,000 

22,000 
81,000 

15.000 
5,000 

2,200 

2,800 
300 
(«) 


1,100 

(') 

200 


(») 

3.800 

1,800 

4,600 


3,800 
11.000 


KK) 
300 


Quantity 
(pounds)- 


1,242,000  956,000 


Value. 


98,000 
62,000 
604,000 

283.000 
16,000  I 

20,000 

76.000 
5,400 
300 
100 

soo 

400 
21,000 
3,400 


11,000 
4,200 

26.000 
1.400 

9..V)0 
200 


11,000 
2,400 
17,000 

17.000 
700 

300 

2,800 
500 
(*) 
(») 

(') 

(=) 
900 
300 


1,300 
000 

1.100 

(') 

300 


Qillnets. 


Quantity 
(poands). 


962,000 


151,000 


300 
1,800 
2,200 

500 
200 

400 

1,800 


57.3.  OTK) 
148.000 

26,000 


193,000 
400 


100 

200 
2,900 

200 
100 
9,300 
1,600 


200 


Value. 


40,001,000 


(*) 
100 
100 

(') 
(') 

(') 

100 


27.000 
12,000 

500 


10.  (KX) 
(') 


(') 

(=) 
100 

n 
(") 

500 
100 


All  other  appa- 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


n87,000 


200 
800 
13,000 

5. 400 
400 

fiOO 

2,700 
100 
24.000 
2.300 

1,000 


25,000 
200 


2.200 
200 


3.500 
1,300 

25,000 


66,000 
39.809,000 


•1,900 
•17.000 


Vabie. 


(') 
(») 


100 


800 
200 


(») 


1.4( 
(«) 


100 


300 
(») 

B.800 


1,700 
184,000 
170,000 

6,flS0 

i4.«n 


1  Incfodes  apparatus,  with  catch,  as  follows:  Crowfoot  dredges,  etc.,  .39,809,000  pounds,  valued  at  $55,000; 
valued  at  11,800;  spears,  68,000  pounds,  valued  at  11,800;  pound  nets,  32,000  pomids,  valued  at  tl,a0O;  fldi 
pounds,  vidued  at  $100;  and  minor  i^paratus,  24,000  pounds,  valued  at  S6,700. 

*  Less  than  SIOO.  *MOa» 

*  Less  than  100  pounds.  *njtn 

*  IndtadM  MOO  pooods  of  caviar  and  stiniBoii  «C8B,  valued  at  iSOO. 


U,000 


valued  at  $20,000;  dipn^^a^OO^pouag^ 


118 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 

Tabu  S.-ILLINOIS-FISHEfiY  PBODUCTS  OF  MISSISSIPPI  RTVER  DSSTBICT:  U08. 


Fish: 

BUck  bass  

Bnflalofisb  




UOgOSa  

DfaB(frHii-water), 

Eels..  /TT;  


Paddlefish  

Pike  and  pickerd. . 
Ptti^pTOh  (wan- 


Sackera . . . 


QOMItltT 

(poands). 


06,000,000 


532.000 
2. 949. 000 
21,390,000 

1.90,000 

1.279,000 
1.359,000 

569,000 
30.000 

u,m 

12.000 
4,800 


161,000 
240,000 
1,713,000 


25.000 
206.000 


TBrttes....".*;""'."""" 

Mnsad  shells   a.mf,m 

Piam  and  slugs  


Vaiue. 


11.242,000 


57,000 
113,000 
566,000 

W.OOO 

34,000 
17.000 

16,000 
1,800 

u,«» 

l.M 

1,400 
700 


6.900 
5,100 
31,000 

6,800 
13,000 
8,100 
142,000 

98,000 
R.OOO 
14,000 


nOOUCT  CAUOHI  BY- 


15.766,000 


220.000 
1.214,000 
10.830,000 

805,000 

575,000 
692.000 

156.000 
7^ 

■3,000 

5,000 

1.700 
300 


4.5.  ax) 
67.000 
006,000 


79.000 

88.000 


1455,000 


25.000 
48.000 
288,000 

34,000 

16.000 
9.000 

4.300 
400 

8,600 
300 

100 

(') 


1,600 
1,200 
13,000 
M9 


(poaads). 


11.088.000 


$319,000 


3.000 
3,400 


100.000 
1.094.000 
0.8()4.lX)0 

601,000 

514.000 

485.000 

259,000 
13,«W 

08,000 

2,300 

300 
100 


2S,000 
99,000 


123.000 
141,000 


9.800 
41.000 
181.000 

28.000 

13.000 
6,000 

7,400 

1,800 
300 

(«) 
(*) 


700 
3,300 
13,089 
H9 


10.000 
3,700 


QuauUly 

(poonds). 


5,068.000 


114.000 
590.000 
3.175.000 

319.000 

174,000 
162,000 

106,000 

•.m 

30.000 

2,600 

400 
200 


79,000 
72,000 
Ml.fltt 
3,809 


3.800 
11,000 


Value. 


$151,000 


11,000 
21,000 
81,000 

15,000 

5,000 
2,200 

3,800 
109 

1,100 
200 

(') 
(») 


3.800 
1.800 
4,909 

m 


100 
300 


Qnaottty 

(pounds). 


1,059,000 


96,000 
49,000 

sn.ooo 

212,000 

16,000 
20,000 

48,000 
S,109 

400 
3,400 

9,900 
4.300 


11.000 
1,400 
9,S00 
300 


Valoe. 


$48,000 


300 

1,200 
000 


800 
(«) 
300 

(') 


QaantttT 

(poands). 


7,000 


11,000 

300 

1,900 

1,800 

15.000 

2,000 

13,000 

500 

700 

200 

300 

400 

1,000 

no 

809 

100 


200 
500 
200 
100 


200 


All  other  appih 
ratus.' 


$200  33,012,000 


(«) 

100 

(') 
(') 

(') 


(') 


8 


200 
300 
8,000 

5,400 

400 
500 

309 


100 
200 


38,000 


66,000 
32,887,000 


«1.900 
*  17, 000 


Tam  S.~.ILLnKM8-^I8BBBY  PRODUCTS  OF  OHIO  RI?BE  DISTRICT:  1908. 


noTOCf  CAiNHtr  ar— 

!  rjrteaate. 

Tnamdoete. 

Ckowfoot  dredges,  etc. 

(paoadajL 

Vaine. 

VatacL 

Quanaty 
(panada). 

Vahw. 

Vakw. 

(toanUtT. 

(poonds). 

VaiML 

Vlah: 

Black  bass.  

Buffalo  flrii.... 

7,4M.909 

1  47,000 

82,000 

282,000 

812,000  I  11,000 

9400 

162,000 

87,800 

6,922,000 

81H889 

000 

91,000 
132,000 

1,989 

93,000 
100 
28.000 
2.000 

1.300 
18^000 
«L909 

its 

100 

3,800 
5,500 

*5S 

3,900 

(') 
600 
109 

100 
400 
1,000  1 
189 

43,889 

n;889 

600 
59,000 
86,000 
24,000 
1,100 

53,000 

100 
2,500 
3,600 
1,600 

100 

a;,309 

1 

ssi^sre^ii^  

16,666 

12,000 
8,800 
500 

10,000 

400 
500 
400 

(') 

400 

400 

(') 

18,009 

ss 

800 

ts 

Blam    (fre»h-\»-aMr),  m 
afaeepahead  

809 

0) 

39,000 
100 

1,300 

(•) 

^j^^P        *  ■  »  * 

Pike  perch  {wimiigmtpi^ 

ioo 

22,'689" 
889 

4>489 

 no' 

P) 

109 
109 
989 
189 

Rock  bass  

 i'/m 

 ioo' 

100 

(') 

400 

(') 

15,000 

300 

Socfcen  

1,500 

U 

3>888 

189 

Sunflsh. 

l^g^M^k..........  

8^88^000 

42,000 
73,880 

tLcasUiaaSloa 


119 


Tabu  4.— ILLINOIS-FISHERY  PRODUCTS  OF  LAKE  MICHIGAN  DISTRICT:  IMS. 


PBODUCT  CAUGHT  BT— 

Sdnea. 

Gilloeta. 

Dip  nets. 

Quantity 
(poands). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 

'pound,*>. 

Value. 

Total  

1,176,000 

858.000 

132,000 

12,800 

955,000 

851.000 

85,000 

81,809 

54,000 

8a^3» 

120,000 
10,000 
3,700 
M9,000 
150,000 

27,000 
238,000 
8,500 
13,000 
6,100 

2,600 
200 
100 
28,000 
13,000 

600 
12,000 
300 
800 
300 

115,000 
10,000 

2,500 
200 

200 

(«) 

4,400 

109 

480 

m 

Drum  (freslMratcr),ardwepati«ad. 

1,300 
673,000 
148,000 

26,000 
193,000 
2,400 
9,300 
2,000 

W,000 
13,000 

500 
10,000 
100 
500 
100 

2,000 
1,400 

100 
100 

400 

23,000 
2,400 

1,000 
22,000 
1,200 
3,500 
100 

(») 

709 

(') 
(*) 
(«) 

500 
24,000 
800 

(') 

1,300 
(') 

Percn,  yellow  

Battan  

4.000 

100 

2,000 

100 

2,000 

100 

>  IndudoapiMastus,  with  catch,  as  follows:  Pound  nets,  32,000  pounds,  valued  at  $1,200;  and  lines,  21,000  pounds,  valued  at  $900. 

Tablb  5.— ILLINOIS— PRODUCTS  OF  VESSEL  FISHERIES:  1M6. 


than  $100. 


STEQES  AND  DISTBICT. 


Total. 


TWi: 

Bufflrio  fish 
Carp,  Gtonnaa 

Cn^ipie...... 


Dogfish  

Dram  (fresh-water),  or  sbeepshcad  . 

Seli  

Ldce  herring  


Lake  trout  

Ling,  or  eelpout. 

Paddlefish  

Perch,  yellow... 


Sunnsh. . . . 
Whitefish. 
All  other.. 


Frogs  

Tdiapln. 


■ISSWHtppi  lUTBr  (uSwICt. 

Fish: 

Biiflalo  flsh  

Carp,  German... 
Catfish  and  I  ~ 
Craimie.. 
Dognsh... 


Drum  (fresh-water),  or  sbeepshead . 

Eels  

Paddlefish  


AO 


Frogs.  

TttnyiB  

LakaMMi^^Mriet. 


Lake  herring  

Lake  trout  

Ling,  or  eelpout. 
Perch,  yellow... 

Whitefish  

AUotbar.  


tona. 


Quantity 

(pounds). 


Value. 


2,983,000 


$89,000 


204,000 
1,975,000 
121,000 
51,000 

30.000 
13,000 
5,000 
321,000 

119,000 
25,000 
4,700 
27,000 

12,000 
50,000 
6.200 
6,800 

600 
0,000 

8,484,000 


204,000 
1,975,000 
121,000 
51,000 
30,000 

13,000 
5,000 
4,700 
12,000 
»,000 
5,500 

600 
9,000 

800,000 


7,500 
46,000 

3,500 
1,400 

400 
400 
200 
16,000 

10,000 
500 
100 
1,300 

400 

1,200 
300 
200 

(») 
200 

61,000 


7,500 
46,000 
3,500 
1,400 
400 

400 

200 
100 
400 
1,200 
200 

% 
98,009 


nODOCr  CATOBT  ST— 


321.000 
119.000 
25,000 
27,000 
6,200 
1.889 


10,000 
500 
1,300 
300 


Sdoes. 

OiOnats. 

Fyke  Beta. 

Traauad  nets. 

All  other  appi^ 
ratus.1 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

1 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 

(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

2,012,000 

$47,000 

495,000 

828,000 

439,000 

813.000 

33,000 

81,000 

4,700 

173,000 
1,632,000 
101,000 
34,000 

4.500 
9,700 
3,000 

6,200 
36,000 
2,600 
900 

100 
300 
300 

28,000 
323,000 
19.000 
17,000 

25.000 

1,100 
9,100 
800 
500 

300 

4.000 
20.000 
2,000 
600 

1,000 
1.000 
1.000 

100 
600 
100 
(») 

(«) 

100 

2.700  100 

1,000 

100 

321,000 

119.000 

16,000 

10.000 

100 

(«) 

25,000  1  500 

3,200 

100 

1,100 

(») 

400 

(') 

23,000 

1,100 

4,000 

200 

11,000 
30,000 

300 
700 

400 

19,000 

(») 
500 

400 
600 

?^ 
(') 

6,200 
1,300 

30O 
100 

2,600 

100 

2,500 

100 

400 

(*) 

600 

(») 

8,000 
2,012,000 

200 
47,000 

200 
439,000 

(») 

13,000 

1.400 
33,000 

(») 

1,000 

173,000 
1,632,000 
101,000 
34,000 
4,500 

9,700 
3,000 
3,200 
11,000 
30,000 
2,600 

6,200 
36,000 
2,600 
900 
100 

.300 
200 
100 
300 
700 
100 

28,000 
323,000 
19,000 
17,000 
25,000 

2,700 
1,000 
1,100 
400 
19,000 
2,500 

1,100 
9, 100 
800 
500 
300 

100 
100 

(') 

(') 
500 
100 

4,000 
20,000 
2,000 
600 
1,000 

1,000 
1,000 
400 
400 
600 
400 

100 
600 
100 

(») 

(') 

(») 
100 

i 

000 

m 

8,000 

200 

300 

m 

1,400 

(») 

486^000 

28,000 

4,100 

321,000 
119,000 
25,000 
23,000 
6,200 
1,889 

16.000 
10,000 
500 
1,100 
300 
189 

 ioo 

••(1)— 

4,000 

381 

I  iBSladaoipfi 


vrioadatl 


FimKRTm  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1906. 

Tamb  6.— ILLINOIS— products  OF  SHORE  AND  BOAT  FISHERIES:  1908. 


CUUPOn  BT— 


Quantity     „  . 


rnippie  • 

Dogiish  

Drum  (iTKh-water;, 
•r  riiMpsfaead  


Lake  herring. 


Lake  trout  

Ling,  or  eelpout. . 

Faddlefish  

rtfch.  vellow  

Face  and  pickerel. 


( 


532,000 
2.838,000 
19,067.000 
1,922,000 

l.»,WO 

652.000 
26,000 
378,000 

32.000 
2,400 
SftS.OOO 
211,000 

13,000 


B,Mr,«w  u,«s.ooo 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


57.000 
109.000 
529,000 

92,000 


:1ms 

1  and  caviar  i 
istorgeoneKS-' 
Suckers,  induding 
nrallet............. 


Stmfish   1.664.000 

White  bass   6,900 


Whitefish. 


•hells.... 
and  slugs. 

mink  

muskrat.. 


6,600 

3«,000 
1K,000 


3t,w,aoo 


» 1.900 
•17,000 


n, 

20,000 
1.500 
13,000 

2,500 
100 
12.000 
11,000 

1,100 


7,iat 


Value. 


220.000 

i.a'H.ooo 

9,325,000 
710,000 


157.000 
4,200 


1412,000 


2.1,000 
42.000 
255.000 
32,000 


286,000 


29,000 
300 
500 


6,800 
13,000 
8,100 
184,000 

170,000 
6,000 
14,000 


4,800 

i.na 
M,m 

10,000 

666,000 
2,000 


71,000 
88,000 


8,600 
"366 


100 

« 

i,aoo 

12,000 
100 


Quantity 
(poondi). 


10,931,000  3318,000 


VakM. 


100,000 

1.12.'5,000 
6,568.000 
•07,000 


83,000 
2^266 


740,000 

i,aoo 


9,900 
43,000 
176.000 
38,000 

10,000 
•,000 


Quantity 


5,067,000  1150,000 


114,000 

'm,om 

3,155.000 
017,000 

17^000 

m.000 

ft 


VataM. 


Quantity 
(poands}. 


2.200 
'266 


3,000 

13, 00b 
100 


29,000 
200 
2,400 


78,000 

74,000 

240,000 
2,800 


11.000 
21,000 
80,000 
15,000 

5,000 
2,100 

2,800 
300 

m 


1.100 
200 


8,000 

1,800 
4,«00 


1,238,000 


98,000 
62,000 
604,000 
383,000 

16,000 
20,000 

76,000 
6,400 


2,800 
2,400 


122,000 
141,000 


10.000 
3,700 


2.400 
11,000 


100 
300 


500 
400 
17.000 
3,400 


11,000 
4,200 

36,000 

1.400 

9,500 
200 


Value. 


Quantity 
(poonda). 


056,000 


11.000 
2.400 
17,000 
17,000 

700 
300 

2,800 
500 
(») 


(') 

(') 
700 
300 


1,300 
GOO 

],100 

(•) 

300 


CWi 


4G7,000 


300 
1,800 
2,200 

500 

200 
400 

1,800 

'282,066' 

29,000 
1,000 

169,666 

400 

100 

200 

2,900 

200 
100 
3,100 
400 


Value. 


$24,000 


200 


(•) 
100 
100 

(•) 

(«) 
(') 

100 

12,666 

2,300 
(') 

8.900 
(') 

(') 
(«) 

(') 
100 

(«) 
(') 

200 
(«) 


(') 


QuantitT 
(pounds). 


40,001,000 


200 
800 
13,000 
5,400 

400 

500 

2,700 
100 
25,000 

2,300 
1,000 

251666 
200 


2,200 

200 


3,500 
1,300 

34,000 


66,000 
39,809,000 


•1,000 
•17,000 


VaiMb 


100 


(»)_ 


no 

300 


(•) 

'i.'i 
(') 


(') 


«,800 


1.700 
1S4.000 
170,000 
0,000 
M,000 


>  Includes  apparatus,  with  catch,  as  foUows:  Crowfoot  dredges,  etc.,  39.800.000  pounds,  vaload  at . 
"ds,  valued  at  Sl.SOO:  spears,  68.000  pounds,  valued  at  $1,800;  pound  nets.  32,000pounds.  Talnadai 
•iMo^anim^'  ^ *'  ™*»««W«»».  a«iOOO poondi,  valned  i^|0,7D0. 

•Jmbj^hi  100  pounds. 


IO4KIO  pounds,  valued  at  $20,000;  dip  nets,  35,000 
■"-^  -ad  traps,  13,000  pounds,  valued  at  $400; 


•MOOl 
•oMoo 


IHDIAICA. 

The  fisheries  of  the  northern  part  of  Indiana  are  car- 
ried on  in  Lftke  Michigan,  and  those  of  the  southern 
p«i  in  Ike  Qiio  fiiw  and  Hb  tabnUries,  the  Wabash, 
White,  and  oUmt  linen.  Tlie  coEtont  ol  the  indostrjr 
in  this  state  ia  hmify  indicated  in  the  f olkiiwing  state- 
ment: 

Number  of  fmmm  IMjilnjtn!   9M 

Capital: 

y«0BBb  and  lMMiB,iiidadiBg  outfit  |23,000 

.\pparatus  of  capture   28,  000 

Shore  and  acceeeory  pnptKtf  and  cash   22, 000 

  223,000 

wiA  previous  canvasses. — A  compaiison 
af  tihawilMinuof  thiicenwMwiththfleeofeariigcan- 
"vnaM  allows  that  there  has  been  a  naetion  from  tiie 

decrease  in  the  products  which  was  apparent  in  both 
fishen-  districts  of  Indiana  in  1899.  This  reaction  is 
due  almost  entirely  to  the  recent  development  of  the 
mussel  fisheries.  The  following  tabular  statement 
the  %iire8  for  1908  with  the  figures  reported 


1 

Persons 
employed, 
exclusive 
ofdMies- 

VALVE  or  KQUmaMT. 

noDocn. 

TotaL 

Vessels 
and  boats, 
including 

outfit 

Appara- 
tus of 
capture. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

VdM. 

Twfhmy 

1908  

1899  

Lake  Michigan  dis- 
trict: 
1906  

1800  

Ohio  River  dhWot: 

1908  

1899  

1804  

972 
459 

182,000 
37,000 

823,000 
14,000 

$28,000 
31,000 

15,507,000 

$223,000 
7^000 

76 
36 
50 

896  ' 
409  ; 
880  1 

30,000 
11,000 
18,000 

22,000 
19,000 
23,000 

14,000 
3,200 
7,(»0 

9,200 
6,800 
7,500 

16,000 
7,800 
11,000 

13,000 
12,000 
16,000 

622,000 
310,000 
593,000 

14,886,000 
951,000 
2,606,000 

41,000 
11,000 
16,000 

182,000 
55,000 
124,000 

Penons  employed. — The  statistics  of  the  persons 
imployed  in  the  fishOTiea  of  tiie  state  aie  gtrea.  in  the 
following  tabular  statonent.   The  greater  number 

were  independent  fishermen.  The  low  average  wagee 
paid  to  all  classes  of  wage-earners  in  the  Ohio  River 
district  and  to  those  employed  in  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries  of  Lake  Michigan  indicate  the  incidental  or 
intermitt^t  character  of  the  employment. 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


121 


MSraiCT  AND  CLASS. 

MMom  ntunrcD:  1008. 

Nnmber. 

Wages. 

TotaL 

Proprie- 
tors and 
independ- 
ent fish- 
ermen. 

Wage- 
oameis. 

TMal  

986 

>873 

113 

* $18, 000 

Vessel  fisheries  

7 

905 
14 

3 
870 

4 

95 
14 

3,400 
12,000 
2,800 

80 

49 

31 

13,000 

69 
4 

906 

3 
46 

4 
23 
4 

82 

3,400 
7,900 
2,100 

5,000 

824 

890 
10 

824 

72 

4,400 
600 

>  Exclusive  of  four  proprietors  not  flll^ic. 

*  Includes  provisions  furnished  to  the  vune  at 81,300. 

Equipment  and  other  caintal. — The  next  tabular 
statement  gives  Iho  value  of  the  investment  in  the 
Indiana  fisheries,  with  its  distribution  between  the 
Lake  Micliigan  and  the  Ohio  River  districts. 


CLASS  OF  DrV£STU£NT. 

TALUX  or  EQUIPMEMT  Ain>  OTHEF. 

capital:  1908. 

Total. 

Lake  Michi- 
gan district. 

Ohio  River 
district. 

ToUL  

874,000 

S24,0OO 

Voesels  (flsblnc),  IwJnding  outfit  

7,700 
6,700 
1,000 

16,000 
6,800 
500 
7,200 
1,100 

28,000 
3,200 

25,000 

18,000 
4,900 

7,700 
6,700 
1,000 
6,400 
4,300 
500 
600 
1,100 
16,000 
3,200 
13,000 
16,000 
4,800 

Outfit  

9,200 
2,500 

Sail  

Row  

6,600 

(') 
13,000 

Other  

13,000 
1,700 
(») 

*  Less  than  0100. 


The  statistics  of  the  number  and  tonnage  of  vessels 
and  the  number  of  boats  are  as  follows: 


CLASS  or  CRAFT. 

VES.<!ELS  AND  BOATS:  1906. 

Itotal. 

Lake  Michi- 
gan district. 

Ohio  Ulver 
district. 

VbmIs: 

2 
33 

937 
18 
9 

900 
10 

2 
33 
66 

9 

9 
31 

7 

881 
9 

mk  

869 
S 

OttlK  

The  value  of  shore  and  accessory  propert}"  in  1908 
amounted  to  $4,600  for  vessel  fisheries  and  S13,000 
for  sliore  and  boat  fisheries,  while  the  amount  of  cash 
reported  for  vessel  fisheries  was  $800  and  for  shore 
and  boat  fisheries  $4,100.  The  total  capital  credited 
to  veesel  fisheries  was  thecef<»e  $16,000  and  to  shore 
and  boat  fisheries  $58,000. 

i^paiatus  of  capture  npreaented  more  than  a 


third  of  the  entire  investment.  The  number  of  the 
kinds  of  apparatus  was  as  follows: 

Dip  nets   25 

Fykeneta  919 

Gill  nets  809 

Pound  nets   S7 

Seines   30 

The  pound  nets  and  <rill  nets  wore  used  wliolly  in 
Lake  Michigan.  All  except  192  of  the  gill  nets  were 
used  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 

Produets,  hy  species* — The  products,  by  spedes  and 
apparatus  of  capture,  for  all  fisheries  of  the  state  axe 
showTi  in  Table  1,  on  page  123.  The  entire  product 
was  taken  b}'  the  sliore  and  boat  fisheries,  witli  the 
exception  of  3,000  pounds  of  liemn<r,  valued  at  SI 00, 
and  112,000  pounds  of  trout,  valued  at  $8,000,  wliich 
w&te  taken  by  the  vessel  fislieries  of  L^e  Michigan. 
Hie  mussel  fidiery  furnished  the  bulk  of  the  product. 
The  catch  of  fish  proper  amounted  to  only  1,076,000 
pounds,  or  7  per  cent  of  the  total,  and  was  valued  at 
S69,000,  or  only  31  per  cent  of  the  total.  These 
fifjures,  however,  represent  an  increase  over  tlie  food 
fish  caught  in  1903  of  approximately  66  per  cent  in 
weight  and  125  per  cent  in  vahie. 

ProductSf  hy  fidivng  grounds, — The  fidiery  products 
of  the  Ohio  Riv«r  and  its  tributaries,  by  species  and 
by  apparatus  of  capture,  are  given  in  Table  2,  on  page 
123,  and  those  of  Lake  Minhigani  are  similaily  giyen 
in  Table  3,  on  page  123. 

The  fisheries  of  the  Ohio  River  district  were  all  of 
the  shore  and  boat  class.  The  entire  product  of  mus- 
sels, pearls,  and  slugs  came  from  these  waters,  con- 
tributing So  per  cent  of  the  total  value  for  the  disteict. 
The  fisli  product  proper  of  this  district  amounted  to 
455,000  pounds,  valued  at  S27,000,  and  consisted 
cldefly  of  catfish,  buffalo  fish,  drum,  and  Grerman 
carp,  ranking  in  value  m  the  order  named. 

All  of  the  Lake  Michigan  product  was  food  fish, 
while  in  the  Oiao  River  district  only  15  per  cent  of 
the  value  represented  food  fish.  In  the  lake  fish- 
eries trout,  lake  herring,  yellow  perch,  sturgeon  in- 
cluding caviar),  and  wJutefisli  were  tlie  leading  q^Mcios 
and  formed  91  per  cent  of  the  lake  catch. 

The  chief  products,  ranked  in  the  order  of  the  value 
reported  for  the  state,  are  given  in  the  following  table, 
by  districts  : 


TotaL  

Fish: 

Lake  trout  

Lake  herring  

Catfish  and  bullbeadi  

Perch,  yellow  

Drum  (frosli-water),  or  slieopslif.id 

Sturgeon  and  caviar  

Buffalo  fish  

Carp,  Germaa  

Whilefish  

All  other  

Mussel  products  

Shells  

Pearls  and  slugs  


TALUS  or  ntoDocn:  lOOL 


TotaL 

Ohio  r.iver 
i  district. 

Lake  Michi* 
gan  district. 

0223,000 

0182,000 

$41,000 

9,600 
8,400 
7.800 

7,600 

O.O0O 
8,400 
100 

7,600 
1.400 
6,300 
100 
1,000 

$,m 

1  7,600 

7.600 
7,200 
7,000 
6.000 
5.000 
2.400 
155.000 
81.000 
74,000 

1  6,200 
1  800 
I  6,900 
6,000 

;  900 
■  155.000 

1  74,000 

FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


Products,  by  apparatus  of  capture. — The  distribution 
of  the  total  vahie  of  products,  according  to  apparatus 
of  capture,  for  the  state  and  for  each  district,  was  as 


GUI  nets   18.000 

Pound  nets. 

Seines  

Dip  nets. 


Total. 

Ohio  River 
district. 

LatelUchi- 

t4I,000 

18.000 
18,000 
16,000 
11,000 
4,200 
000 
156,000 

16,000 
7,400 

3,700 

U&,000 

18.000 
18,000 
{«) 
3,100 

Thfb  pndnet  taken  by  <»mrfooi  dradgw  Uuigelj 
oeeeded  the  catch  with  all  other  forms  of  apparatus, 
comprising  14,431,000  pounds  of  mussel  shells,  which 
had  a  value,  includmg  pearls  and  slugs,  of  $155,000. 

Mussel  products. — The  mussel  fishery  of  the  state 
hm  dbreliqped  amce  1903  and  is  responsible  for  almost 
tiw  cBiira  gam  m  itm  ralae  ot  the  fishery  produeto  of 
the  Ohio  Bif«r  <fiBftikt  sum  that  data.  Tkb  hago 
Talue  of  the  pearls  and  dugs  is  noteworthy,  neaiiy 
equaling  that  of  the  mussel  shells  and  <Mr«ot^«^  the 
aggregate  value  of  all  food  fish. 

Lake  trout. — The  lake-trout  catch  was  larger  than 
tiMiofanyotherspeciesof fish reportedfor  1908.  Over 
iaw4IUM  of  tha  eaiek  waa  taku  m  tha  wmI  fidwries, 
m  which  tioB  wptam  eontiibiitad  tha  anloa  amoant, 
mth  the  exception  of  3,000  pounds  of  lake  herring. 
Trout  were  taken  almost  entirely  with  gill  nets.  The 
follo\i-ing  comparative  statement  shows  the  catch  for 
stated  vears: 


TUB. 

Vttm. 

130,000 
78,000 
35,000 

m,m 

10,000 

3,800 
2,000 
7,700 

-litka  honing  ranked  sectmd  in  value 
falMS.  Tha  Tahw  of  tha  prod- 


uct in  1890  was  $3,200;  in  1899,  $7,200;  and  m  1908 
only  $2,300.    By  1908  it  had  increased  to  $8,400. 

Catfish. — Catfish  and  bulllieads  ranked  next  to  lake 
herring  in  value  in  1908.  The  Ohio  River  district  fur- 
mahed  afanost  the  entue  catch.  Over  one-half  of  the 
catch  was  taktninth  fyke  nets  and  most  of  the  nmam- 
der  with  lines.  Catfish  formerly  led  in  quantity  and 
in  value,  but  a  great  decline  in  both  these  respects  was 
shown  in  1908,  as  is  indicated  by  the  following  tabular 
statement: 


TXAS. 

CAItiaH  PBOOOOB. 

QOMltitT 

(poands). 

Ytkm. 

102,000 
288,000 
802,000 

$7,800 
18,000 
43,000 

YdUyw  perch. — Ydlow  perch,  with  a  catch  of  prac- 
tically the  same  value  as  that  of  catfish,  was  a  pnxluct 

of  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  of  Lake  Michigan.  The 
greater  part  of  the  catch  was  taken  with  gill  nets, 
although  considerable  quantities  were  caught  in  pound 
nets.  This  species  was  taken  in  greater  quantities  in 
1899  than  in  1908,  but  the  value  was  no  greater  in  the 


Other  products. — Drum  and  sturgeon  were  taken  in 

both  districts,  the  former  mostly  in  the  Ohio  River 
district  and  the  latter  mostly  in  Lake  Michigan.  The 
catch  of  fresh-water  drum  decreased  at  about  the  same 
rate  as  that  of  catfish.  The  value  of  the  yield  from  the 
Ohio  Btver  district  alone  was  $20,000  in  1894,  but  by 
1899  it  had  dropped  to  $11,000,  wlule  m  1908  the  value 
ol  the  catch  for  the  whole  state  was  only  $7,600.  Hie 
quantity  has  decreased  in  much  the  same  proportions. 
The  yield  of  the  sturgeon  product  has  been  fluctuating, 
the  lake  catch  being  valued  at  $2,800  in  1890,  $800  in 
1899,  $300  in  1903,  and  $6,300  m  1908. 

The  bnffalo^sh  product  was  valued  at  only  a  Uttle 
less  tiuui  that  of  cither  of  the  foregoing  species. 
Nearly  the  idide  catch  was  frmn  the  Ohio  River  and 
two-thirds  was  taken  by  fyke  nets.  The  catch  of  buf- 
falo fish  shows  a  decrease  in  value  from  $17,000  in  1 S94 
to  $7,700  in  1899  and  to  $7,000  in  1908.  German 
carp  increased  in  weight  and  in  value  reported  from 
$1,100  hi  1894  to  $2,300  in  1899  and  to  $6,000  in  1908. 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

Table  I.—INIIIANA— FISHERY  FBODUGTS:  10OB. 


123 


Total. 


Buffalo  fish  

Carp,  German  

Catnsh  and  bullheads. . . 
Drum  (fresh -water),  or 

sheepsbead  

Lake  herring  

Lake  tzout  


Ling,  or  eelpout  

Perwn,  yellow  

PikepeniKwidUfCdfIki) 

Sturgeott  

Csviar.  

land  mallK  


Trout,  rainbow. 
Trout,  perch.... 

White  bass  

Whitefish  

Another  


Mussel  shells  

Pearls  and  slugs. 


VOUI..1 


QnantltT 
(poaadt). 


icarr.ooo 


124,000 
128,000 
102,000 

137,000 
198,000 
130,000 

1,700 
119,000 

a,  MO 


21,000 

2,700 
1,000 
4,500 
fi2,000 
600 


Value. 


,000 


7,000 
6,000 
7,800 

7,600 
8,400 
9,600 

100 
7,600 
300 

«,aoo 
m 

i,m 

300 
100 
400 
5,000 
100 

81,000 
74,000 


PBODUCT  CAUGHT  BT— 


om  ne(a.< 

Poondneth 

Crowfoot  dredM 
and  dip  nets.* 

QnantttT 
(poonda). 

VahM. 

QoaatitT 
(pouBda). 

Vahw. 

Qnanttty 
(poondi). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Vatae. 

QoaBtttr 

(paoBds). 

VahM. 

285,000 

818,000 

293,000 

818,000 

284,000 

816,000 

132,000 

811,000 

70,000 

84,200 

14,443,000 

tmjm 

3,400 
16,000 
1,300 

33,000 
118,000 
5,200 

1,100 
40,000 
100 
16,000 
SOO 
M^OOO 

2,700 

100 
500 

100 

1,300 
4,900 
500 

(') 

2,300 
(') 

2,800 
400 
400 

300 

83,000 
75,000 

59,000 

57,000 

4,500 
3,400 

4,500 

3,200 

27,000 
6,700 

37,000 

32,000 

1,700 
500 

2,800 

2,000 

11,000 
30,000 

4,600 

14,000 
200 

600 

1,600 

300 

1,000 
(') 

am 

400 
79,000 
124,000 

300 
66,000 

(») 

3,300 
9,200 

(') 

4,400 

200 
1,700 

300 

300 
3,300 
200 
25,000 

{') 

(') 
300 

(•) 

3,300 

2,200 
700 

300 
(») 

300 
600 
7,200 

(') 
100 
800 

9,000 

700 

8,700 

400 

1,880 

100 

7,100 

aoo 

1,700 

aoo 

1,000 

lot 

4,500 
42,000 
600 

400 
3,900 
100 



9,300 
100 

1,100 

(») 

14.481 ,000 

81,000 
74.000 

I  AH  from  the  shon  and  boat  fisheries,  except  115,000  pounds, . . 
taniag.  Tahied  at  8100^  and  112,000  pounds  of  trout,  valued  at88,000. 
■uvwfoot  dredfOi  were  used  only  in  taking  mussels. 


ndrqw^^  eanvcbedayno 

*  Less  than  %\\ 


Tabu  2.— INDIANA— FISHERY  PBODUCTS  OF  OHIO  RIVEE  DISTRICT:  1906. 


WEAL 

Fykeneta. 

Seines  aodcnwlMt 

lIlllrtgM  ' 

Qoantity 
(pooBda). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounda). 

Value. 

Qnaotitv 
(pomida). 

Value. 

i4,m,«oo 

tiot,«io 

aB«.«ao 

113,000 

87,400 

14,489,000 

8158,000 

121,000 
100,000 
101,000 
104,000 
3,000 
17,000 
8,600 
*  14,431,000 

6,900 
5,000 
7,600 
6,200 
300 
800 
600 
81,000 
74000 
W 

83,000 
75,000 
59,000 
57,000 

2,200 
700 

6,900 

4,500 
3,400 
4,500 

3,200 
300 

(') 

500 

27,000 
6,700 
37,000 

32,000 
200 
9.500 

1,700 
800 
2,800 
2,000 
(«) 

500 

11,000 
19,000 
4,600 
14,000 
600 
7,200 
1,700 
•14,431,000 

600 
1,100 
300 
1,000 
100 
300 
200 
81,000 
74.«it 

AK«ttw..7r!!.  

ioo 

MM 

»  Qrawfoot  dredges  were  used  only  in  taking  mussels.        '  Less  than  $100.       »  Includes  60,000  pounds  of  mussel  shells,  valued  at  $.'500,  from  tba  g^tnirajfa^t  Kive 

Table  3.— INDIANA— FISHERY  PRODUCTS  OF  LAKE  MICHIGAN  DISTRICT:  1908. 


BFKCIS9. 

TOXAL.> 

QilBala. 

1  wuMi  naiB. 

Quantity 
(poonda). 

Valoa. 



VakMi 

Quantity 
(paoBds). 

Value. 

^nan^r 

Vim. 

Total  

622,000 

841,000 

285,000 

818,000 

280,000 

$18,000 

43.000 

$4,700 

8,700 

27,000 
1,300 
33,000 
400 

198,000 
190,000 
1,700 
119,000 
35,000 
12,000 

2,700 
1,000 
4,500 
B,000 

100 

1,000 
100 

1,400 
100 

8,400 
9,600 

100 
7,600 
6,300 

500 

300 
100 
400 

3,500 

ifi.ooo 

1.300 
33,000 
400 

118.000 
5.200 
1,100 
40,000 
16,000 
10,000 

2,700 

100 
500 
100 
1,300 
100 

4.900 
500 

(') 
2.300 
3,200 
400 

300 

200 
12.000 

(') 

Carp,  German  

400 

(') 

400 

(•) 

glwh,yailBW......  

79.000 
124,000 
300 
66,000 
3,700 
1,800 

3.300 
9,200 
(») 
4,400 
400 
100 

1,900 
300 
300 
13.000 
15,000 
280 

vm 

(») 

1,000 
2,800 

4,500 
48,000 
200 

400 
8,800 

1,000 

100 

0,800 
MO 

1,100 

(*) 

1  All  fhnn  the  shore 
>  hening  valued  at  flOOL 
*Indtadea 
• 


liiidooi 
Mt^aa 


J*5^  pounds,  valuedat  88,100,  taken  in  the  vessel  fisheries  with  gill  nete.  This  quantity  comprised  3,000  pounda  of 
aC  lafca  trant.  valnad  at  OOjOOO,  ^       ^  > 

'  UMa,lt^paaDdB,ni«aAatt8400;d4p  aalB.  12,000  poonda, Taliiedat8000;andaeina 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


IS4  VU 

IOWA. 

In  1906  Iowa  held  a  relattrvfy  untmportant  place 
moag  the  states  in  "viiiieh  cominemal  fialmig  was  car- 
ried on.  It  was,  however,  fourth  among  the  states 
represented  in  the  fisheries  of  the  Mississippi  River 
aod  its  tributaries.  The  Mississippi  and  Missouri 
are  the  waters  of  chief  importance  in  or  border- 
itg  €B  tys  flteto,  and  tht  eonoMraal  fieheika  of  the 
state  were  practical^  c<nifiiied  to  them.  Small  quan- 
tities of  mussd  shells  were  taken  from  the  Iowa  and 
Wapsipinicon  Rivers,  but  the  state  laws  prohibit  the 
takin<r  of  fish  in  any  of  the  interior  rivers  or  lakes 
•xcept  by  means  of  hook  and  line.  No  vessels  were 
amj^yed  in  the  fisheries  of  the  state.  A  summary  of 
tlw  atatirtieB  for  1908  k  girwi  in  the  following  state- 

WamberoipwMwwaploygd   786 

Capital . 

Bosog  $38,000 

AfftBtmvi caftan     29,000 

Shore  and  accMwy  prapeity   11, 000 

Vatoe  o<  products   215,000 

Comparison  with  pre  Anus  canvasses. — The  following 
tabular  statement  gives  a  comparison  of  the  leading 
sutistics  for  190S  with  those  for  1.S04  and  1899,  as 
shown  in  the  reports  of  the  Bureau  of  fisheries : 


cxcmstve 

■of  shores- 
men. 

TotaL 

Boats. 

Appara- 
tus of 
capture. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

VabM. 

MOs  

18*  

MN  1 

7S6 
1,  ir.l 

«, 

$«f>,000 
5(),000 
|»,000| 

$38.oro 

I'.OCO 
U,000 

S29,000 
33,000 

8,867,000 
123,902,000 

t21&,000 
208,000 
US^OOO 

From  1994  to  1899  there  were  fairij  laige  increases 

in  the  number  of  persons  employed,  the  total  ralne  of 
equipment,  and  the  value  of  boats  and  of  apparatus 
of  rapture.  Fewer  persons  were  employed  in  1908 
than  in  either  of  the  other  years  for  wliich  a  canvass 
was  made,  a  fact  which  was  due  to  the  discontinuance 
of  conmereial  fisiang  along  the  Skunk,  Des  Moines, 
and  Big  Sioux  Rivers  and  in  the  lakes  reported  as 
ishing  grounds  in  the  former  yean. 

The  value  reported  for  ajqparatus  of  capture  was 
lower  in  1908  than  in  1899.  The  decrease  did  not, 
however,  bring  the  value  for  190S  as  low  as  that 
repofted  in  1894;  nor  did  it  result  in  a  reduction  in 
tha  total  rAatb  of  equipment  betwwn  1899  and  1908, 
Iha  tcAdency  in  that  direction  bein^  mora  thHi  offset 
Igr  an  increase  in  the  rahie  <rf  boats. 

The  great  changes  in  the  quantity  of  products  reflect 
the  rise  and  dechne  of  the  mussel-shell  industry  rather 
than  the  development  of  the  general  fisheries  of  the 
state.  If  mussel  shells,  pearls,  and  slugs  are  elimi- 
nated firam  eoBsideration,  the  wei|^t  of  products  as 


reported  in  1894,  1899,  and  1908  was,  respectively, 
3,932,000  pounds.  3.548,000  pounds,  and  4,167,000 
pounds,  and  the  corresponding  values  were  $123,000, 
$ 1 1 0,000,  and  $  1 70,000.  There  were,  therefore,  in  the 
ease  of  prodoets  exefaisiTo  of  mussel  sheUs,  decreases 
in  both  quantity  and  value  in  1899,  as  cfanparad  with 
1894 ;  but  from  1899  to  1908  there  were  increases  iHueli 
more  than  coimterbalanced  the  preceding  losses. 

Persons  employed. — The  follo^nng  tabular  state- 
ment shows,  for  the  state  as  a  whole  and  for  the  two 
main  fisliing  districts,  the  distribution  of  the  persons 
employed,  acoording  to  their  relation  to  the  industry: 


Number. 

Wages. 

TotaL 

tors  and 

inde- 
pendent 
flsher- 

Wage- 
earners. 

Total  

786 

•720 

66 

^16,000 

Mississippi  River  district  

MisBouri  RtTvr  disMet  

743 
43 

087 
33 

66 

10 

15,000 
1,300 

Exclusive  of  six  proprietors  not  fishing. 
Includes  provisions  famished  to  the  value  of  $400. 


In  1908,  95  per  cent  of  the  Iowa  fishermen  Were 
employed  in  the  basin  of  the  Mississippi  River.  Of 
the  total  numl)er,  only  66,  or  less  than  9  per  tent, 
were  wage-earners.  The  amount  paid  in  wages  was 
$16,000.   Hiere  were  no  salaried  employees  reported. 

Equifmeni  amd  other  eapiioL — ^The  following  tabular 
statement  gives  the  value  of  the  fishing  equipment  and 
other  items  of  capital  for  the  state  in  1908,  and  its  dis- 
tribution between  the  MimniiMiippi  Biver  nm^  the  Mis- 
souri River  districts: 


TALITE  or  EQDIFMENT  AND  OTHSB 

CUtXiJU  IMS. 

TotaL 

Mississippi 
^River 
district. 

Mi.ssoiul 

177,000 

375,000 

SI. 400 

Boats  

88,000 
26,000 
11.000 
600 
29,000  , 
11,000 

37,000 
26,000 
11,000 
600 
28,000 
10,000 

500 

Row  

500 

other  

Apiiaratus  of  capture  

TOO 

More  than  97  per  cent  of  the  capital  was  invested  in 
the  Missisdppi  River  district.  The  investment  in 
boats  f<»med  49  per  cent  ci  the  total  capital;  the  in- 
vestment in  af^Muratus  oi  capture,  38  p&c  cent;  and 
that  in  shore  ami  accessory  property,  14  per  cent. 
Power  boats  represented  one-third  of  all  the  <*-%pital 
employed. 

The  number  of  the  various  kinds  of  api^aratus  used 
are  shown  in  the  next  tabular  statement. 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


125 


nin>. 


Fj-kn  and  hoop  nets. 

Pound  nets  

Seines  

Spears  

liammelneta  

Tn^s,  otter  


APPABATUS  or  CAFTOBK  1S08. 


Total. 

Mississippi 
River 
district. 

Missouri 

River 
district. 

2,4.-1.5 

2..3S9 

68 

403 

403 

168 

1«8 

10 

120 

129 

2sr 

343 

14 

748 

748 

Products,  by  species. — Tal)le  1,  on  page  126,  shows 
the  fishery  products  of  the  state  in  1908,  by  species 
and  by  apparatus  of  capture. 

Products,  hyJishiTig  grounds. — Over  95  per  cent  of 
the  value  was  from  the  lifiasissippi  River  district.  The 
Missouri  River  products,  aggregating  143,000  pounds, 
of  a  value  of  $9,300,  are  given  in  Table  2,  on  page  126, 
by  species  and  by  apparatus  of  capture;  and  by  de- 
ducting the  specific  items  from  the  corres|)onding 
items  in  the  general  state  table,  the  products  in 
detail  of  the  Mussissippi  River  distriMSt  are  readily 
ascertainable. 

The  distribution  by  districts  of  the  chief  products, 
ranked  according  to  value,  is  j^ven  in  the  following 
tabular  statement: 


sPEcnca. 


TOttf. 


VUi  

Carp,  German  

Catfish  and  bullheads. 

Buflalo  fish  

Sturgeon  and  caviar. . . 

Suckers  

Black  bass  

Dram,  (resh-witer. . . . 

An  other  

Mussel  products  

Shells. 


Pg^md  stags. 


TALVB  or  nunwcTK  imo. 

TotoL 

Mississippi 
River 
district. 

Missouri 

River 
district. 

1315,000 

8205,080 

30,300 

187,000 
82,000 

33.000 
23.000 
16,000 
6.600 
5,600 
3,300 
15,000 
44,000 
33,000 
11,000 
3,380 

158,000 
57,000 
31,000 
22,000 
16,000 
6,600 
5,600 
5,200 
14,000 
44,000 
33.000 
11,000 
3,300 

9.300 
4,800 
2,800 
1,000 
200 

100 
400 

Products,  by  apparatus  of  capture. — The  following 
tabular  statement  shows  the  distribution  of  the  value 
of  products  by  waters  and  according  to  the  kind  of 
apparatos  used  in  making  the  cateh: 


TotaL. 


ael  nets  

Crowfoot  dredges  

Fj^aad  hoop  nets. 

Found  MtaV.  

Another  


VALUE  or  FRODUCTS:  1908. 

Total. 

Mississippi 
River 
district. 

Missouri 
River 
dtotriet. 

3215,000 

8205,000 

30,300 

68,000  1 
46,000 
44,000 
30,000 
12,000 
11,000 
2,800 

64.000 
43,000 
44,000 
28,000 
11,000 
11,000 
2,000 

3,300 
2,900 

l.tlOO 
1,500 

As  shown  by  the  table  on  page  126,  seines  were  used 
in  the  capture  of  every  species  of  fish  proper  cau^t 
in  any  of  the  waters  of  the  state,  with  the  exception  of 

eels,  and  the  catch  by  seines  represented  32  per  C^t 
of  the  total  value  of  all  products  caught. 


Trammel  nets,  with  wliich  fishery  products  aggre- 
gating 21  per  cent  of  the  total  value  for  the  state  were 
caught,  were  also  eni})love<l  in  taking  a  great  number 
of  species;  but  the  catch  with  crowfoot  dredges,  rank- 
ing next  and  representing  20  per  cent  oi  the  total 
vtdue,  c<»)fflsted  exclu»vely  <^  mussel  products. 

Mussel  produds. — ^The  comparison  of  the  weight  and 
value  of  several  general  classes  of  the  products  of  the 
Iowa  fisheries  for  1S04,  1899.  and  1908,  given  in  the 
following  tabular  statement,  is  of  sjoecial  interest,  as 
showing  the  phenomenal  growtii  of  tlie  mussel  industry 
between  1894  and  1899  and  its  rapid  decline  since: 


nsHEBT  FBODOCn. 

TXAB. 

TotaL 

Ilsh. 

PhhSTmhIiI^. 

Another  prod- 
arts.> 

Quan- 
tity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quan- 
tity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quan- 
tity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quan- 
tity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

1908... 
1899... 
1894... 

8,  S»",  nor) 
2;i,y(i-',(jO(t 
4,oti0,ooa 

$21.1,0(10 
20.S,()(it) 
125,000 

4.071,0(1(1 
.S,  .'{i')'.t.(li«> 
3,9;i2,0UU 

on) 
110,000 

123,  OUO 

20, 

Hfi.OOO 

$41,i»l0 

97.000" 

;»7,ooo 

IS,  000 

$;!,.'.(  >o 

■100 



t  Indbidfls  CncB,  turtles,  and  skins. 

In  1899,  10,000  tons  of  mussel  shells  were  dredged 
in  the  Iowa  fishories,  while  in  1894  only  74  tons  were 
reported.  Since  1899,  however,  the  beds  appear  to 
have  become  gradually  exhausted,  and  in  1908  only 
2,300  tons  were  obtained.  The  value  of  the  mussel 
product,  wliich  in  1894  was  only  §2,100,  or  less  than 
2  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  fishery  products  of  the 
state,  was  $97,000  in  1899,  or  nearly  47  per  cent  of 
the  total  of  all  ^oducts  in  that  year.  By  1908  the 
value  of  the  mussel  shells  had  fallen  to  $44,000,  or 
20  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  fishery  products. 
Nevertheless,  at  the  last  canvass  of  the  states  having 
fisheries  along  the  Mississippi  and  its  tributaries, 
only  three — ^Vrkansas,  lUinois,  and  Indiana — reported 
a  greater  value  of  mussel-didl  product  than  Iowa. 
Among  the  fish^  products  of  Iowa  at  that  date  the 
value  of  the  product  of  the  mussel-shell  industry  was 
exceeded  only  by  that  of  the  carp  catch. 

Other  leading  products. — The  German  carp  was  the 
leading  variety  of  fish  in  1908,  the  value  of  tiie  catch 
forming  29  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products 
and  bong  neariy  twice  as  great  as  the  value  of  the 
species  next  in  importance — catfish  and  bullheads. 
From  1899  to  1908  the  carp  product  increased  from 

I,  039,000  pounds,  valued  at  $23,000,  to  2,048,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $62,000;  that  is.  the  j)roduct  neariy 
doubled  in  weight  and  nearly  tripled  in  value. 

Catfish,  bullalo  fish,  and  fresh-water  drum  were 
each  repcHTted  in  smaller  quantities  in  1908  than  in 
1899,  but  increases  occurred  in  the  quantity  and  value 
of  the  suckers  and  black  bass  caught.  The  cateh  <^ 
sturgeon,  however,  gained  greatly  between  the  two 
canvasses,  increasing  from  44,000  pounds,  valued  at 

II,  400,  to  223,000  pounds,  valued  at  $16,000. 


FI8HRRTF»  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 

Table  1.— IOWA— FISHERY  PRODUCTS:  1908. 


l,Si7,<IOO 


Buffalo  fish  

Carp,  G^nnan . . 
Oj^k^and  bolilMMk.'. 


Shil".:::::::: 


Perh.  yellow  

Ptte  »ad  pickerel. ] 
Wb^PWCd  (wall-eyed  pike) . 


Sonfish.  or  hnHi. 
White  bus  


PMsandataei. 

Skins:,  mink  

SkiBs,  mtBkiat.. 


|21S,000 


54.000 
a!6,000 
2,0«,000 

mm 

7.800 
188,000 
5,400 
6,900 

12.000 
61.000 

.■s.ooo 

215,000 

8,600 

197.000 
127.000 
4,700 

2,500 
98,000 
4,  ABO,  000 


•100 
« 1.400 


5,600 

23,000 
02,000 
33,000 
4.700 

100 
5,300 
600 
300 

300 
3.200 
2,700 
11,000 

5,300 

6,600 
2,700 
300 

300 
1,800 
33.000 
11,000 
400 


nODUCT  CAUGHT  BY- 


AH  other  app*- 
ratua.' 

1 

(pounds). 

III  1  on      ^  VI 

VcuauUbv 
(poands) 

Value. 

Qiumtity 
(pounds) 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds) 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds) 

Vataiw 

1,877,000  168,000 

1,087,000 

846,000 

625,000 

t30,000 

200,000 

S12,000 

321,000 

$11,000 

4,756,000 

$47,000 

40,000 
222,000 
1,004,000 
182,000 
89,000 

7,800 
89,000 

4,200 
8.400 
29,000 
11,000 
3,600 

100 
2,400 

5.400 
112.000 
562.000 
18,000 
9,800 

1  600 
4.S0O 
18,000 
1,7W 
400 

1.200 
159.000 
265,000 
109,000 

8,500 

100 
6.900 
8.000 
11.000 
400 

4,300 
17,000 
65,000 
74,000 
100 

400 
700 
2, 100 
7,400 
(*) 

2,800 
54,000 
150,000 
35,000 
7,500 

300 
2,000 
4,300 
2,300 

300 

1,500 
2,000 

100 
MO 

800 

100 

4,400 

500 

19,000 
300 

400 

(«) 

5,600 

8,200 
40.000 

25.000 
20,000 

200 
13,000 
107,000 

4,  aoo 

300 

200 
2. 100 
1.800 
1.100 

100 
300 
2,200 
300 

1,300 

ioo 

900 

1.600 
1,600 
300 

(') 

100 
100 

(=) 

2,400 
12,000 
4,300 

800 

100 
600 
300 

(') 

5.600 
4,200 
184,000 

8,400 
125,000 
5,000 

300 
400 
9,500 

5,200 
4,300 

aoo 

2,000 
2,600 
8,700 

100 

200 
500 

3,000 

100 

6,200 
12,000 

100 
300 

2,500 
49,000 
4,699,000 

300 
1.000 
33,000 
11,000 

m 
m 

7,400 

100 

800 

lis,  000 

300 

■  ■  Vioo' 

« 1,400 

Ifcrij^^raps,  I.IOOH— ai,Tliil<k«,ag8L  >— » « 9**,^  aiW«l^  ^>I1,        Ufin POtmifc  Wlued  at  81,400;  and  Tni^i^na 

"•^"•^  *mtklm.  «M$8*te. 

Tamm  S.-IOWA-FISHERY  PiM>DUClS      MISSOURI  RIVER  DISTRICT:  1906. 


TOXAL 

woDccT  CAvaat  bt— 

Yaliie. 

Tnmmdnets. 

Fyke  and  hoop  nets. 

Lines. 

Qmntity 
(poonds). 

Valoe. 

TakH. 

Vdue. 

Qnantitr 
(pounds). 

Vitai. 

Buffalo  fish  

Carp,  (i«nnaa  

I>rum.  fraab^iraOHL. 

143.000 

S9.300 

56,000 

$3,300 

48.000 

$2,900 

21.000 

$1,600 

18,000 

$1,500 

16.000 
89.000 
27.000 
1.400 

9,m 

1.000 
4.800 
2,800 
100 

MO  1 
MO 

6,000 

36.000 
7.000 
600 
5.600 
400 
700 

300 

1.900 
700 

(') 
300 

0) 

5,800 

3.1.000 
5.000 
500 
1.300 
200 
400 

400^ 
1,900 

500 
(') 

100 

?i 

2,600 
12,000 
6,800 
300 

200 
700 
700 

0) 

1,600 
6, 100 
8,000 

100 
400 
900 

9.iB0 

MO 

KANSAS. 

The  fishintr  industrv  is  not  important  in  Kansas,  and 
commercial  fishing  in  1908,  which  was  entirely  of  the 
dnn  tmd  boti  daas,  was  confined  to  the  Missouri 
Wm  and  to  tlie  part  of  the  Kansas  Hirer  near  its 
mouth.  Tkb  principal  statistics  <tf  the  fiiheries  cxf  the 
state  an  siiiiiiiiBiiisd  in  the  iofkmiag  statemott: 

Number  tt  f  —uao  — lyioycd   ^ 

Oqutal: 

Bof   13 

Ajipnitauofciptan.   3^900 

Shore  and  accesBorjrprapafCyttidcaill   2,200 

Value  uf  producta   28;  000 

Com jxirison  vjitk  previous  canvasses. — A  CQOgMmson 
of  the  statistics  for  1908  and  those  for  fonneryean. 


which  were  secured  by  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries,  is  pre- 
sented in  the  following  tabular  statement.  There  was 
a  decrease  in  the  number  of  persons  engaged  in  the 
industry,  but  an  increase  of  over  100  per  cent  in  the 
value  of  the  equ^m«it  and  in  the  yahw  of  the 
product. 


Phmos 
ptofad. 

yMunt  a»  ufgamaxt. 

TomL 

Boats. 

Appara- 
tus of 
capture. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Valiw. 

1908  

1N99  

07 
118 
•1 

$7,100 

3.300  1 
3,000 

$3,200 

i,:«xi 
700 

$3,900 

2,000 
2,300 

432.000 

278,000 

242,000 

$28,000 
14,000 
11,000 

Pencm  employed.— Ol  the  97' persons  employed  in 
the  fisheries  of  Kansas,  90  were  pioprietois  and  inde> 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


127 


pendent  fishermen.  The  seven  wage-earners  received, 
including  provisions  furnished,  the  sum  of  $400. 

Equipment  and  other  capital. — The  value  of  the 
equipment  and  other  capital  reported  for  the  Kansas 
fi«Jtf«pwa  in  1908,  and  the  number  of  the  various  kinds 
id  boats  used,  are  shown  in  the  following  tabular 
statement: 


GuaB  oar  nmnrmMT. 


Total. 


Boats  

Steam  andi 

Row  

other  

Apparatus  of  capture  

Shore  and  accessory  property. 
Cash  ".. 


■qamam  amd 
cuRAi.:  IMS. 


Number.  Value 


U 
» 


M,300 

3.200 
1.500 
1,500 

200 
3.900 
1,600 

600 


The  total  investment  in  apparatus  of  capture  was 
$3,900,  of  iriilch  amount  $2,900  represented  the  value 
of  620  fyke  and  hoop  nets,  which  were  by  far  the  most 
important  forms  of  apparatus.  There  were  32  tram- 
mel nets  and  17  seines  reported. 


Products. — The  total  product,  which  amounted  to 
432,000  poun<ls,  valued  at  S'JS.OOO,  is  shown  in  detail, 
by  species  and  by  apparatus  of  capture,  in  the  follow- 
ing table. 

German  caip  formed  by  far  the  most  important 
fisheiy  product,  the  total  catch  in  1906  bong  304,000 

pounds,  valued  at  $19,000,  or  70  per  cent  of  the 
quantity  and  68  per  cent  of  the  value  of  all  fishery 
products  of  the  state.  The  quantity  and  value  re- 
ported for  this  fish  have  increased  to  a  great  extent 
since  1894,  when  the  c^tch  was  19,000  pounds  and  the 
value  $600. 

Oatfiidi,  <m  the  other  hand,  diowed  a  large  decrease, 

the  total  catch  in  1908  being  only  52,000  pounds,  val- 
ued at  $4,400,  compared  with  95,000  pounds,  valued 
at  S6,100,  in  1899.  Buffalo  fish  also  showed  a  de- 
crease between  1899,  when  the  catch  was  .52,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $2,200,  and  1908,  when  it  was 
35,000  pounds,  valued  at  $2,000. 

Fyke  and  hoop  nets,  trammd  nets,  and  seines  were 
the  dhief  forms  of  apparatus  of  capture  used,  German 
carp  representing  most  of  the  value  of  the  catch  in 
each  case. 


XANSAS-FISHEBY  PRODUCTS:  1008. 


Fyke  aadlwait  nets. 

Tnumnel  nets. 

Lines. 

Quairti^ 
(pooBds). 

ValoB. 

Qnantitr 

dmoDds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Vatae. 

QoaaUtT 

(poands). 

Vataa. 

Total  

432,000 

$28,000 



154,000 

$10,000 

125,000 

$8,000 

124,000 

$7,700 

30,000 

$2,400 

35,000 
$04,000 
S2,000 
18,000 
6,010 

7,300 
1,900 

2,  aoo 
4,000 

2,000 
19,000 
4,400 
1,U0 
080 

400 
100 
100 
300 

13.000 
112,000 
10,000 

$»aoo 

1,700 

m 

1,000 
1,000 

700 
7.200 
1,300 
$00 
100 

200 

(') 
100 
100 

12,000 
89,000 
11,000 
6,800 
2,700 

1,800 
700 
600 

1,000 

700 
5,600 
900 
400 
300 

100 
100 

11.000 
89,000 
12,000 

5,  aoo 

2,200 

1,000 
400 
500 

2,200 

600 
5,400 
900 
300 
200 

100 

(') 
(') 

100 

Catftdt  

14,000 
14,000 
1.000 

900 
1,$00 
MO 

1,100 

MO 

AH  other  

200 

(') 

t  Less  than  $10a 


KSMTUOKT. 


The  fisheries  of  Kentuclqr,  all  of  which  are  of  the 
shim  and  boat  class,  fall  into  two  main  divisions,  those 
of  the  MiasiaBippi  Kiver  and  its  small  tributaries  in  the 
western  part  of  the  state  and  those  of  the  Ohio  Kiver 
and  its  tributaries,  including  the  Tennessee  and  the 
Cumberland  Rivers.  In  respect  to  quantity,  mussel 
sheUs,  buffalo  fish,  and  German  carp  were  the  leading 
Iffoducts,in  the  order  named,  while  in  respect  to  value, 
catish.  buffalo  fish,  and  German  carp  led,  in  the  order 


named.  The  mussel  shell  and  pearl  industry  is  of 
recent  development.  The  following  statement  gives 
a  summary  of  the  industry  for  1908: 

Number  of  penons  employed   555 

Capital: 

Boats  $11,000 

Apparatus  (if  fapturo   21,000 

Shore  and  accessory  property   6, 600 

Value  of  products   110,000 

Comparison  with  previous  eamasses. — A  comparison 
of  the  industry  in  1908  with  certain  eailier  years,  fw 


118 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


which  statistics  collected  by  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries 
mn  ATuUble,  is  given  in  the  following  tabular  state- 


Persons 

em- 
ployed, 
ezaosive 

1 

TuvB  w  atwaamit. 

ToM. 

Vessels 
■mi 

Amiara- 
nuof 
eiftiuo. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

544 

832,000 

311,000 

$21,000  ' 

5.390.000 

3110,000 

a::::::::::::: 

551 

30,000 

10.000 

19,000  1 

1.753,0<X) 

79.000 

« 

23,000 

10,000 

23,000 

2,274,000 

90,000 

TIm  incrBue  Aomn  for  1906  in  qwutitj  of 
ptodnct  was  due  ahnost  cntirelj  to  the  mussel  fish- 
eries, ytbkh  wmB  Ml  fqpoited  m  Hm  fraeedii^  can- 
vasses. 

Persons  employed. — The  following  tabular  state- 
WMDt  gives  the  statistics  of  the  persons  employed  in 
tiM  Kflntw^  firiMriM  in  1908: 


Number. 

Wages. 

TotaL 

[Pronrletors 
andiade- 
i  Bimrtunt 

Wage- 

m 

103 

36,600 

a 

1  79 

8 

600 

•7 

468 

n 

1  «n 

S 

ts  1 

600 
5,900 

457 

11  1 

973 

84 

11 

1  5,400 
600 

>  Includes  provistcHis  furaished  to  the  value  of  S400. 

The  fishing  was  done  on  a  small  scale,  and  the  pre- 
vailing type  of  person  engaged  in  this  pursuit  was 
the  independent  fisherman.  All  the  shoresmen  and 
s  large  proportion  of  the  other  wage-earners  were 
employed  in  the  nwnwi  adoatiy.  The  amall  amount 
paid  m  wmges  indkatee  that  the  wmgb-tttnmB  men 
«i|Pi0Bd  in  the  fisheries  only  a  part  of  the  time. 

Equipment  and  otTier  capiUd. — ^The  value  of  the 
equipment  and  the  amoimt  of  otlMr  capital  anpkjed 
are  shown  below: 


▼AMB  or  aqdiinaaiT  AXD 

OmB  CUBAIi:  1908. 


wum  or  nrvxanmre. 

TotaL 

Ohio 

Mississippi 

929,000 

99,400 

>oat5  

11,000  1 
4.500 
6,600 

21,000 
i^OBB 

8,300 
3,600 
4,700 
16^000 
4,600 

2,800 
900 
1,900 
^400 

Motor  

Row  

Apparatus  of  capture  

Soore  and  accessory  pn^crty.  

Boats  constituted  somewhat  less  than  one-third 
of  the  total  investment  and  apparatus  of  capture 


more  than  one-half.  For  the  entire  state  479  row- 
boats  and  32  motor  boats  were  reported,  399  of  the 
former  and  26  of  the  latter  being  used  in  the  Ohio 
Riyer  diatrict.  Fyke  and  hoop  nets  largely  pre- 
dominated among  the  apparatus  of  capture,  2,513 
being  used  in  the  Ohio  Riyer  district  and  767  in  the 
Mississippi  River  district.  Thirty-six  seines  and  one 
trammel  net  were  reported  for  the  Ohio  River  dis- 
trict and  four  seines  and  one  trammel  net  for  the 
Mississippi  River  district. 

Products,  hy  speeies.— The  products  for  1908  were 
distriboted  by  species  and  apparatus  of  capture  as 
shown  in  Table  1,  on  page  129.  Thirteen  spedee  oi 
fish  were  reported,  besides  turtles  and  mussels. 
Five  of  the  products  together  represented  more  than 
nine-tenths  of  the  total,  both  in  weight  and  value. 
In  order  of  value  they  were  catfish,  buffalo  fish, 
mussel  products  (including  shells  and  pearls),  German 
carp,  and  fresh-water  drum.  In  1899  mussels  were 
not  reported  and  the  German  carp  was  of  minor  un- 
portance,  but  catfish,  buffalo  fish,  and  drum  led  in  the 
order  named,  and  together  contributed  nearly  73  per 
cent  of  the  total  product,  both  in  weight  and  in  value. 

Products,  Jyy  fishing  grounds. — ^Table  2,  on  page  129, 
gires  in  detafl  the  fisheiy  products  of  the  state  from 
the  Olno  Riyer  and  its  tributaries,  and  Table  3,  on 
page  130,  those  from  thg  Misdssippi  Rirer  and  its 
tributaries  other  than  the  Ohio  River. 

In  the  Ohio  River  district  the  leading  species  were, 
in  the  order  of  their  value,  the  mussel,  catfish,  buffalo 
fish,  fresh-water  drum,  and  carp,  which  together 
fbnned  91  per  cent  <rf  the  total  value  of  products. 
The  most  important  fishing  grounds  in  thk  district 
are  those  of  the  Ohio  River.  The  products  of  the 
Mississippi  River  district  constituted  about  one- third 
in  quantity  of  the  total  product  of  the  state,  exclusive 
of  mussel  shells.  Catfish,  buffalo  fish,  carp,  and  drum 
formed  the  bulk  of  the  catch  and  contributed  over  93 
per  cent  of  the  total  for  the  district,  both  in  weight 
and  in  vafaie. 

Products,  hy  apparaku  qf  capture. — Crowfoot  dsedgee, 
used  exclusively  for  mussels,  took  more  than  63  per 
cent  of  the  product.  In  value,  however,  the  catch  by 
crowfoot  dredges  was  exceeded  by  the  catch  by  fyke 
and  hoop  nets  and  that  by  lines.  The  product  taken 
by  fyke  and  hoop  nets  contributed  43  per  cent  of  the 
total  yalue,  and  that  taken  by  lines  over  27  per  cent. 
In  the  Mississippi  River  district  96  per  cent  ol  the 
total  quantity  was  taken  by  these  two  forms  of 
apparatus,  and  in  the  Ohio  River  district  23  per  cent 
of  the  total.  Nearly  all  the  seine  catch  was  from  the 
Ohio  River  fisheries.  More  than  one-half  of  the  catch 
by  lines  eonaisted  of  catfish,  and  more  than  half  of 
the  ca^ah  catch  was  taken  by  lines. 

Catfish. — The  catch  of  catfish  represented  in  1908 
nearly  24  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  fishwy 
products  of  the  state.  The  yield  was  slightly  larger. 


FISHER] 


BY  STATES. 


129 


in  respect  to  both  quantity  and  value,  than  in  1899, 
although  its  relative  importance  was  somewhat 
greater  at  the  earUn*  date,  when  it  contributed  26  per 
cent  of  the  yalue  of  the  total  fishery  yield  ot  the  rtate. 
Two-thirds  of  the  value  of  tliis  species  was  from  the 
Ohio  River  district,  and  <»e4hird  from  the  Misaissippi 
River  district. 

Buffalo  fi^h. — ^This  product  in  1908  was  credited 
with  about  20  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  catch. 
The  species  showed'  a  substantial  increase  in  both 
quantity  and  yalue  ofw  the  %ures  tor  1899,  but 
declined  somewhat  in  relative  importance.  Of  the 
yalue'  of  the  catch  of  buffalo  fish,  71  per  cent  was 
reported  from  the  Ohio  River  district. 

Mussel  products. — Mussel  shells,  together  with 
pearls  and  slugs,  ranked  third  in  value  of  products,  and 


contributed  18  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products. 
The  mussel  product,  which  in  1908  appears  for  the 
first  time  in  the  statistics  of  the  commerriial  fisheries 
of  Kentucky,  was  entirely  from  tiie  Ohio  Riyor 

district. 

German  carp. — ^This  fish  has  advanced  from  the 
position  of  a  minor  species,  with  a  value  of  S3, 100  in 
1899.  to  fourth  rank  in  1908,  with  a  value  of  S1S,000, 
one-sixth  of  the  total  for  the  state.  The  Ohio  River 
district  repOTted  the  greater  p(Mti(«  of  the  catdi. 

Fret^ir^oater  drum. — This  is  the  ob3j  important 
species  which  shows  a  decrease  in  quantity  and  yalue 
since  1899.  In  that  year  391,000  pounds  wore 
taken,  valued  at  S19,000,  or  24  per  cent  of  the  total 
value  of  products  for  the  state.  Four-fiftlis  of  the 
drum  catch  was  from  the  Oliio  River  district. 


Tablk  1.— KENTUCKY— fishery  PRODUCTS:  1808. 


TOTAL. 

raoeocT  cAUtjuT  by— 

Fyke  and  hoop  nets. 

Lines.               Crowfoot  iJreLl;;es. 

SeioiS. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantitv 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantitv 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Qiiantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

IMML  

rwi: 

Black  bass  

6,900,000 

fllO^OOO 

1.132,000 

947,000 

508,000 

930.000 

3.413.000 

999^900 

90,900 

912,000 

9.600 

7,100 
4,300 
530,000 
W,000 

13,000 
tit,  000 
300 

•i,9eo 

8,400 
2,300 
60,000 
46,000 

1,900 
3,413,000 

700 
200 
21,000 
18,000 
96,000 

900 
16,000 

700 

aoo 

3,400 
3,100 

(') 

18,000 
1,900 

1,600 

700 
392.000 
305,000 
130,000 

1,800 
197,000 

900 

(') 

15,000 
12,000 
8,000 

100 
8,000 

3,700 
100 
78,000 
78,M0 
9M,«90 

7S0 
190,000 

300 

0) 

3,300 
3.200 
17,999 

2,000 
3,200 
61,000 
61,000 
91,999 

9,300 
36,000 

200 
100 
2,600 
2.700 
1,999 

600 
2.400 

200 

300 
1,000 
5,000 

(•) 

(') 

309 

700 
2,000 

m 

100 

Eeb  

«,«00 

CUD 
1,100 
10,000 
34,000 

1,900 

500 
100 
500 
1,300 

U,999 

900 

900 

29,000 
12,000 

a 

1,300 
800 

Ffksperdi  (wall-md  pO»). 
Bade  bassaadvUte  bass... 

2,600 
800 
31,000 

200 
100 
600 

400 

1,910 

(>) 

3,413,000 

18,000 
1,999 

'Less  than  SIOO. 

Table  2.— KENTUCKY— FISHERY  PRODUCTS  OF  OHIO  RIVER  DISTRICT:  1908. 


Total. 


rui: 

Black  bass  

Bream,  or  sunfisli . 

Buffalo  ftrii  

Carp,  Oermaa.... 

Catfish  , 


Crappie  

Drum,  fresh-water. 

Eels  

Paddlefish  


Pike  perch  (wall-eyed  pika)  , 

Rock  bass  

Stiugeon,  shovelnoee  


Quantity 
(pounds). 


4,799,000 


6,200 
2,900 
949,000 
399,000 

373,000 

6,800 
281,000 
100 
97,000 

6,800 
1,400 
58,000 
4^990 

9,419,090 


Value. 


987,000 


600 
100 
15.000 
13,000 
17,000 

500 
14,000 
(') 

1,000 

600 
100 
2,400 
2,100 

18,000 
1,900 


Fyke  and  hoop  nets. 


Quautlty 
(pounds). 


719,000 


1.600 
500 
216,000 
177.000 
101,000 

1,200 
143,000 


20,000 

4,600 
800 
10,000 
34,000 


Value. 


934,000 


200 
(») 

9,800 
7,900 

6,900 

100 
6,000 


700 

400 
100 
500 
1,300 


Lines. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


307,000 


2,700 
100 

70,000 
51.000 
152,000 

100 
101,000 
100 


Value. 


1,900 
400 
19,000 


921,000 


300 

& 

2,300 

9,300 

(') 

5.200 
(«) 


100 

(') 

600 


Crowfoot  dredges. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


3,413,000 


3,413,000 


Value. 


920,000 


18,000 
1,900 


Seines. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


1,900 
2,300 
68,000 
59,000 

20,000 

6,400 
96,090 


9,000 

900 
300 
39,000 
13,000 


Value. 


912,000 


200 
100 
2,500 
2.600 
1.100 

400 
2,400 


300 

(•) 
(') 

1,300 
800 


Trammel  nets. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


1,900 
2.000 


(») 


100 


0) 


than  9100. 


130 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1906. 

Taus  8.~KElfTI7CKT— FKHERT  FBODUCTS  OF  1II88I88IFPI  RIVER  DISTRICT:  1908. 


MM. 

•OUL. 

1  .^==== 

Fjto  and  hoop  nets. 

Lines. 

Seines. 

Tnunmel  nets. 

YilM. 

QnaatltT 
(paoBdi). 

TikM. 

Qnaotlty 

(poands). 

VahM. 

Quantitr 
(pounds). 

ValM. 

"^Blact  bass  

625,000 

$23,000 

402,000 

$13,000  201,000 

80,400 

18,000 

two 

8»8ao 

1,000 
1,400 

%s 

103,000 
S,700 
74,000 

aoo 

28.000 
1,600 

an 

100 
100 
0,000 

aiaw 

8,800 

aoo 

1.800 

(«) 

700 
100 
100 
100 

780 
800 
8,880 

2.400 

l.KX) 
3.900 
700 

100 

0) 

100 

100 

100 
200 

(') 

200 
300 

(•) 
(») 

Bream,  or  suafish. 

200 
176,000 
128,000 

N,aeo 
aoo 

S3. 000 

(') 

5,700 
4,100 

1,100 

Um 

Buflalo  fish 

8,800 
88,808 

143,000 
60O 

19,000 
900 

aoo 

•00 

7,700 
(') 
400 

(') 

Catfish  

3,000 

100 

TOO 
1,000 

ioo 

0) 

81,000 

600 

300 

600 

(') 
(') 

s,aoo 

100 

Jft5*^S*gf^)  

600 
400 
2,000 

1,900 

100 

1 

400 

100 

(») 

»  Less  than  1100. 


lAfDlBIAHA. 

Of  the  states  borcteriog  upon  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
Louisiana  in  1 908  was  second  in  the  extent  of  her 
fisheries,  ranking  next  to  Florida.  In  addition  to  the 
Gulf  fisheries  Louisiana  has  fisheries  along  the  Missis 
■W*  K?w  and  its  tributaries,  chief  among  which  is  the 
Bif«r.  A  large  loeal  trade  m  Sah  and  oysters 
hMits  center  at  NewOrleaiM,  and  thtn  aro  in  addition 
small  wholesale  markets  for  U  at  Neir  Qrieam  and 
Morgan  City,  and  fat  ogrsten  at  Moigan  C%  and 
Houma. 

The  following  statement  presents  a  summary  of  the 
ciMf  statistics  for  the  state's  fisheries  in  1908: 

Homber  of  perrons  employed   5  795 

Oipital: 

Veaeels  and  boats,  includoif  oolit   $794, 000 

Apparatus  of  capture   95  qqq 

Shore  and  are—Mj  ftaynij  tad  cmk   4^000 

Value  (rf  prodnctB   1,  Hi,  OOP 

Comparison  with  previous  canvases. — No  irtatiitifB 
concerning  the  fisheries  of  Louisiana  for  years  prarious 
to  1908  apply  to  the  entire  state,  but  since  the  value 
of  the  product  of  the  Gulf  fisheries  constituted,  in  1908, 
tt  par  cent  of  the  total  value  for  the  state,  the  statis- 
tia  ooapOBd  at  iMninl  timss  for  this  branch  of  the 
iiatg'aiAfriw  i  ir|iiiMim  hSOf  the  ^UKrAtpunuA  in  the 
•tele  as  a  lAole. 

The  following  tabular  statement  gives  a  compara- 
tive summary  of  the  principal  statistics  of  the  fisheries 
of  the  Gulf  district  of  Louisiana  for  the  canvasses  of 
jyO>  1897,  and  1908,  and  those  of  the  Mississippi 
■fw  dhlriei  of  Um  atate  tot  1899  and  1908: 


Per- 
sons 
em- 
ployed, 
exclu- 
sive of 
shores- 
men. 

VALUE  OF  EQtJIPMKNT. 

PRODUCTS. 

nnne>  lint  nut. 

Total. 

Vessels 
and 
boats, 
includ- 
ing 

OOtSt. 

Appa- 
ratus of 
cap- 
ture. 

Quantitv 
(pounds). 

VahM. 

OaUefMeiiaB«rtrfet: 

U08L  

4,849 
3,719 
3,608 

1810,000 
271,000 
294,000 

8720,000 
230,000 

255,000 

182,000 

32,000 
39,000 

42,302,000 
17,402,000 
20,789,000 

$1,448,000 
714,000 

1887 >  

1890.  

Mississippi  Mmr  4feh- 
trlct: 

643 

79,000 
17,000  j 

66,000 
10,000 

13,000  1 
7,000 

3,803,000 
1,942,000 

121,000 
57,000 

324 

>  The  figures  are  below  oonnal,  owU^teqaMBBttM. 

In  Louisiana,  as  in  other  statas  bordering  on  this 
body  of  water,  the  fisheries  of  the  Gulf  of  Meizico  dioir 

an  increase  in  recent  years  in  each  of  the  items  covered 
by  the  tabular  statement,  with  the  exception  that  in 
1897,  owing  to  the  fact  that  a  quarantine  was  in  force 
for  a  large  part  of  the  year,  fishmg  operations  were 
enrt^od  and  the  capital  and  quantity  of  product 
reported  wws  less  Oiaii  in  1890.  In  the  Ifississippi 
River  fisheries  the  amount  of  capital  invested  in  sqiup- 
ment  increased  365  per  cent  between  1809  and  1906, 
and  in  each  of  the  other  items  there  was  an  increase 
of  more  than  86  per  cent.  In  the  Gulf  district  the 
gain  in  quantity  of  product  has  been  much  greater 
than  the  gain  in  vafaie;  in  the  Mississippi  River  dia- 
triet  quantity  has  meraased  hot  very  little  faster 
value.'  • 

Persons  employed.— The  statistics  of  the  penons  em- 
ployed in  the  Louisiana  fisharisi  in  1908  are  as  fol- 
lows; 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


131 


tnmm  smployed:  IWB. 

Mtaaber. 

Sateiw  and  wages. 

vmmenaanxum. 

Total 

Proprie- 
tors and 

Inde- 
pendent 

men. 

Sala- 
ried 
em- 
piojws. 

Wage- 
earn- 
ers. 

Total. 

Sala- 
ries. 

Wages. 

Total  

OnlfofMedoodls- 

Vessel  fisheries. 
Transport  ini; 

Tessas..... 
Shan  and  boat 

5,795 

>  2,963 

2 

2,8.'J0 

$570,000 

$1,700 

:  $568, 000 

5,152 

2,472 

2 

■ 

2.678 

536,000 

1,700 

535,000 

503 

180 

4,166 
303 

643 

"2 
19 
2,381 

431 

159 

1,785 
303 

152 

96,000 

51,000 

341,000 
45,000 

33,000 

98,000 

49,000 

341,000 
45,000 

38,000 

2 

1,700 

JOHW^i  River 

491 

Transportinp 

vessels  

34 

1 

33 

10,000 

10,000 

Shore  and  boat 

808 

480 

119 

23,000 

23,000 

>  EndnsiTe  (rf  73  proprietors  not  fishing. 
iprovWoosfun]'     -  - 


I  furnished  to  the  vataie  of 8145,000. 

The  persons  employed  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisher- 
ies, including  244  slioresmen,  outnumbered  those  em- 
ployed in  the  vessel  fisheries,  including  59  shoresmen, 
the  total  figures  being  5,019  and  562,  respectively. 
The  total  number  employed  in  transporting  vessels 
was  214.  The  number  of  wi^e-eamors  was  smaller 
than  the  number  of  proprietors  and  independent  fish- 
ermen. The  shore  and  boat  fislieries  are  credited  with 
2,871  of  the  2,963  proprietors  and  independent  fisher- 
men actually  engaged  in  fishing,  and  with  2,148  of  the 
2,832  employees.  In  vessel  fisheries  employees  out- 
numberod  proprietors  and  independrait  fishennen,  the 
ratio  being  about  6  to  1,  uid  for  transporting  yessds 
the  ratio  was  nearly  10  to  1 ;  but  in  shore  and  boat 
fisheries  proprietors  and  independent  fishermen  were 
more  numerous  than  wage-earners,  in  the  ratio  of  4  to 
3.  The  wages  and  salaries  paid  equaled  36  per  cent  of 
the  value  of  the  products. 

Equifmemi  and  oAer  eapiial. — ^llie  fcdlowing  table 
gives  statistics  of  the  ci^tal  invested  in  Lonifliana 
fisheries  in  1908: 


CLASS  or  onrBsnf  XNT. 


TWal  

indodlng  outfit , 


steam  and  motor., 

Vessels  

Outfit  


Vessels  

Outfit  

naasporting  

Steam  and  motor. 

Vessels  , 

Outfit  


ruxnt  or  uvnnaan  akd  other 
CAinu.:  1808. 


Total. 


1,000 


VesKis  

OoMt.  

Wbm.  

Boats  

steam  nnjiaator  

Sail  

l{ow  

other  

Amiaiataa  afflvture  

mora  and  Moeaory  property. 
Garii......................  


441,000 
154,000 
63,000 
46,000 
17,000 
91,000 
62,000 
20,000 
288,000 
243,000 
193,000 
50,000 
1,100 
1,000 
100 
42,000 
354,000 
67,000 
239,000 
47,000 
600 
85,000 
80,000 
1,100 


Oulfof 
Mexico 


$841,000 


408,000 
154,000 

63,000 
46,000 
17,000 
91,000 
62,000 
20,000 
254,000 
211,000 
168,000 
43,000 
700 
600 
100 
42,000 
321,000 
45,000 
238,000 
38,000 
400 
82,000 
30,000 
200 


Mississippi 
Biver 


$88,000 


82,000 


32,000 

32,000 
25,000 
7,400 
400 
400 


33,000 
22,000 
1,000 
9,900 
100 
13,000 
9,000 
900 


In  1908  slightly  over  half  of  the  investBieni  in  Loui- 
siana fisheries,  or  $479,000,  was  in  shore  and  boat 

fisheries.  Transporting  vessels  accounted  for  $289,000 
of  the  capital,  and  fishing  vessels  for  $162,000.  Of  the 
value  of  siiore  and  accessory  property,  $1,200  per- 
tained to  vessel  fisheries,  $2,500  to  transporting  ves- 
sels, and  $35,000  to  shore  and  boat  fisheries.  Of  the 
cash  capital,  1900  was  r^orted  in  connection  with  the 
shore  and  boat  fisheries  in  the  MisnsflO]^  River  dis- 
trict, and  $200  in  connection  with  transporting  ves- 
sels in  the  Gulf  district.  Over  85  per  cent  of  the  total 
capital  was  invested  in  craft  of  various  kinds  and  their 
outfits. 

The  number  and  tonnage  of  vessek  and  the  number 
of  boats  were  as  follows: 


CUU9S  or  CBATT. 


VeadK 

Nmnber.  

Tonnage  

IMdng- 

Numbcr  

Tonnage  

Steam  and  motor 

Number.  

Tonnage  

Number.  

Tonnage  

Tiaosporting— 

Number.  

Tonnaae  

Steam 
Noaber. 
ToBBage 
Sail- 

Number. 
Tonnage 
OtlMr.i 
Hoatfli  mmber, 
Steam  aad 

SaU  

Bow  


AHD  BOAtS:  1888. 


Tatal. 


Gulf  of    I  .Mi.ssLssippl 
Mexico  River 
districL  district. 


222 

810 

u 

8,082 

1,961 

m 

188 

126 

818 

•If 

U 

18 

206 

aos 

108 

108 

774 

774 

88 

84 

12 

1,188 

888 

m 

n 

m 

M 

1,881 

m 

lagr 

8 

1 

2 

n 

7 

14 

n 

22 

4,4B8 

3,846 

623 

192 

116 

70 

886 

876 

10 

*» 

8M 

1  "H 

S 

The  number  of  the  various  kinds  of  apparatus  used 
is  shown  in  the  following  tabular  statameat: 


■OID. 

APPAHATvs  or  CAnvBK  Ma 

Total. 

DisUibuted  by 

1  Distributed  by 

mSSSL 

Gulf  of 
1  Mexico 

dis- 

... 

Missis- 
sippi 
River 
dis- 
triot. 

Vessel, 
fish- 

0ri6B. 

Shore 
and 
boat 

373 
1,142 

505 
1,026 
08 

M8 

345 
758 
502 
100 

ao 

100 

» 

28 
384 
3 
866 
3 

"240  ! 
3 

373 
1,143 
5QS 

i,oao 

56 

100 
466 

3 
294 
3,803 

8 

00,770 

aoo 

Dip  nets  

Firearms    

Fyke  and  hoop  nets  

Om  nets  

7 

Harpoons,  spears,  etc  

Pots,  crawfish  

Pound  and  trap  nets  

•3 



Seines  

314 
3,803 
8 

00,770 
800 

285 
48 
8 

00,770 

aoo 

29 
3,755 

20 

Shrimp  nets  

Products,  by  species.— T&hie  1,  on  page  135,  gives 
statistics  for  1908  of  the  quantity  and  value  of  the 
product  of  the  Louisiana  fisheries  by  species  and  by 
apparatus  of  capture.   Forty-one  species  made  up 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


this  product.  Oysters  represented  more  than  one- 
half  its  weight  and  about  haK  its  value.  Ranked 
•ccording  to  value  of  product,  shrimp,  catfish,  sque- 
iMgue,  and  Hunk  ikuw  followed,  in  the  order  named, 
tmd  togeihet  iridk  ojaUn  aBMmiitod  to  39,662,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $1,277,000,  or  86  per  cent  of  the 
total  weight  and  81  per  cent  of  the  total  value.  In 
1897  the  four  species  of  fish  named  were  in  the  lead, 
and  contributed  about  80  per  cent  of  the  total  weight 
and  S3  per  cent  of  the  total  value.  Mink  skins  were 
Ml  rapwied  at  llie  ettiTiw  of  1897. 

/Vrfmfi,  iyJUkimf  fnufdt.—TMt  2,  ob  page  136, 
gives,  by  species  and  apparatus  of  capture,  the  weight 
and  value  of  the  products  of  tlie  Louisiana  fisheries 
in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Of  the  forty-odd  species  taken  in 
Louisiana  fisheries,  27  were  reported  exclusively  from 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  district.  The  value  of  the  entire 
pradnd  of  tlw  dBatriet  waa  $1,448,000,  while  the 
WhM  nported  for  theae  27  apeeiea  mm  $1,115,000. 
AMQg  the  latta>  the  oysters,  aa  woold  ba  caq»aeted, 
were  the  most  important,  having  a  value  of  $763,000. 
The  next  in  value  of  the  products  reported  only  for  the 
Gulf  fisheries  were  squeteague  and  mink  skins,  valued 
at  $82,000  and  $77,000,  respectively;  while  other  im- 
ftant  produeta  van  aalfr-watar  drum  (channel  bass) , 
cnaken,  aofi  cniM»  and  tmpm,  vaiiiad  a*  $39,000, 
tK^OOO,  $21,000,  ami  $21,000,  respectively. 

The  product  reported  by  the  fisheries  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River  and  its  tributaries,  all  of  which  are  of  the 
shore  and  boat  class,  had  about  one-eleventh  the 
weight  and  one-twelfth  the  value  of  that  reported  for 
1km  CNdf  dialog  Tha  dirttOmtioB  of  tlie  products 
«f  Ikan  iifcma  ia  dmm  m  Table  3,  <«  page  136. 
Fifteen  flpactea  eomprised  the  river  product,  fiye  of 
wiiich — carp,  crappie,  eels,  pike  perch  (wall-eyed),  and 
suckers — were  not  found  in  the  Gulf  product.  Catfish, 
buffalo  fish,  and  shrimp,  in  the  order  named,  were  the 
most  valuable  species  in  the  products  of  this  district, 
ftmiaiiiiiR  a  ItllB  mora  tbaa  <hiea4btirths  of  both  the 
wdgbtaadtiiairahMoftbaeatdL  Oat&h  and  buffalo 
fish  headed  the  list  in  1899  also,  together  repaaaentiiig 
at  that  time  three-fourths  of  the  weight  and  two-lbuda 
oi  the  value  of  the  products  from  the  district. 

The  value  of  the  different  products  reported  for 
1908,  arranged  in  the  order  of  importance,  is  shown 
m  the  mtasi  tabular  atatamaiit  for  the  atate  as  a 


fistricts. 

Of  the  species  reported  for  both  the  Gulf  and  the 
river  fisheries,  shrimp  and  catfish  were  the  most  val- 
uable. The  shrimp  product  reported  by  the  Gulf 
district  was  valued  at  $196,000  and  the  river  product 
a*  eofy  abevft  enetwalllb  aa  mneh,  $17,000;  the  eai- 
ish  product  of  tbe  Golf  cfotaet  waa  Talnad  at  $80,000 
and  the  riyer  product  at  $54,000.   The  total  value  of 

the  ote  ipMMi  eoluion  to  botk  dirtrii^  inebiiti^ 


caviar,  was  $90,000,  of  which  the  Gulf  fisheries  con- 
tributed $47,000  and  the  river  fisheries  $43,000.  In 
the  case  of  three  species — namely,  black  bass,  fresh- 
water drum,  and  paddlefish — the  greater  value  came 
horn  the  Ifiasiaaqkpi  River  district,  while  in  the  case 
of  the  fomr  remaining  uperias  biBMn,  btdfaJo  fish, 
crawfish,  and  turtles — the  product  of  the  QtUf  dis- 
trict repraaented  the  greater  value. 


• 

▼ALUM  or  FSooucn:  1908. 

TotaL 

Gulf  of 

Mississippi 

Totol  

11.569,000 



11,448,000 

$121,000 

Fish  

419,000 
143,000 
82,000 
SO,  000 
3»,000 
28,000 
18,000 
15,000 
45,000 
763,000 
213,000 
98,000 
21,000 
21,000 
11,000 
24,000 

316,000 
89,000 
82,000 
28,000 
39,000 
28,000 
18,000 
6,900 
26,000 
763,000 
196,000 
88,000 
21,000 
21,000 
11,000 
23,000 

103,000 
54,000 

Catfish  

Buffalo  

22,000 

Omm  (alWitar),  or  dmmel  ban  

All  other  

8,400 
19,000 

17,000 

1.700 

Products,  by  class  of  fisheries. — The  products  of  the 
vessel  fiisheries  of  Louisiana  are  shown  in  Table  4,  on 
page  137,  by  spedes  and  by  apparatus  of  capture. 
These  fisheries,  all  of  which  are  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
are  of  small  proportions,  their  products  representing 
only  15  per  cent  of  the  total  weight  and  11  per  cent  of 
the  total  value  for  the  state.  Of  the  product  of  the 
vessel  fisheries,  oysters  contributed  92  per  cent  in 
weight  and  84  per  cent  in  rafaie;  the  remainder  com- 
prised 18  spedtB,  all  ci  which  were  taken  in  the 
shore  and  boat  fisheries  of  the  Gulf.  Shore  and  boat 
fisheries  were  common  to  both  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and 
the  Mississippi  River  districts.  This  class  of  fisheries 
formed  the  most  important  branch  not  only  of  the 
Gulf  fisheries  but  also  of  the  fisheries  of  the  state 
as  a  whole,  fanushing  a  total  i«odoct  of  39,344,000 
pounds,  rafaied  at  $1,395,000,  or  nearly  six  tiiaosa 
the  quantity  and  over  eight  times  the  vahie  of  the 
product  of  the  vessel  fisheries.  Statistics  as  to  the 
products  of  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  of  the  Gulf 
fishing  grounds  are  given  in  Table  5,  on  page  137. 
Seventy-seven  per  cent  of  the  total  weight  and  81 
per  .  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  produeta  of  the 
Louisiana  fisheries  came  from  the  dune  and  boat 
fisheries  of  the  Gulf  district.  Hence  the  leading 
species  for  this  district  were  the  same  as  those  in  the 
fisheries  of  the  entire  state.  All  the  skins  included 
in  the  state  product  were  from  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries  of  the  Gulf  district. 

The  idkmiDg  tabular  statement  shows  the  dis- 
tribution, by  spedes,  of  the  value  of  {noducts  between 
the  vessel  fishariss  and  the  shore  and  boat  fiaheiias: 


FISHER] 


BY  STATES. 


Fish. 


Catfisli  

Squeteague  

Buffalo  

Drum  (salt-water),  channel  bass,  or  red 

flsh  

Croaker  

Sheepshead...  

Drum,  fresh-mtar  

All  other  

Ojiten  

Snrfanp.  

Skins— mink,  iWMltmi^  «Bd 

Crabs,  soft......  

Terrapin  

Hides,  alligKtnr  

All  otlier  


TALim  or  nMWDOIK  IMS. 


Shmreand 
flsbortss. 

11, 509,000 

1174,000 

$1,395,000 

419,000 
143,000 
82,000 
fiO,000 

16,000 
1,300 
5,000 

(') 

404,000 
141,000 
77,000 
50,000 

39.000 
28,000 
18,000 
15,000 
45,000 
763,000 
213,000 
98,000 
21,000 
21,000 
11,000 
24,000 

2,700 
3,300 
2,000 
400 
1,800 
146,000 
8,800 

36,000 
24,000 
16,000 
15,000 
44,000 
617,000 
204,000 
98,000 
21,000 
18,000 
11,000 
21,000 

2,900 

600 

1  Less  than  1100. 


Products,  hj  apparatus  of  capture. — ^The  distribution 
of  the  total  value  of  products  by  apparatus  of  capture 
for  1908,  for  the  state  as  a  whole  and  for  the  two  classes 
of  fisheries,  was  as  follows: 


0*  tfnuufof. 


Total  

Dredges,  tongs,  ete. 


Mink,  muskrat,  and 
Fyke  and  hoop  nets 

Snrimp  nets  

Dip  nets  

Alfotber  


▼Aun  or  vBoiyucTs:  1906. 


Total. 

Shore  and 
MeriH. 

11,569,000 

$174,000 

$1,395,000 

763,000 
400,000 
203,000 
98.000 
32,000 
19,000 
15,000 
41,000 

146,000 
28,000 

617,000 

372,000 
203,000 
98,000 
32,000 
19,000 
15,000 
41,000 

100 

Dredges,  tongs,  etc.,  were  the  principal  apparatus  of 

capture  used  in  both  classes  of  fisheries  of  the  Gulf  dis- 
trict. Except  for  a  very  small  quantity  of  periwinkles, 
oysters  were  the  only  species  taken  by  this  kind  of 
apparatus.  The  proportions  given  below  for  oysters 
apply  in  full  to  the  product  taken  with  dredges, 
tongs,  etc. 

The  weight  and  value  of  the  product  taken  by  sones 

made  them  second  in  importance  as  an  apparatus  of 
capture  in  the  entire  state  and  in  each  branch  of  the 
Gulf  fisheries.  Seines  were  used  for  taking  30  species, 
chief  of  which  were  shrimp,  squeteague  (or  sea  trout), 
and  buffalo  fish.  The  value  of  the  catch  by  this  fonn 
of  apparatos  represented  nine-tenUis  of  the  value  of  tiie 
dirimp  taken  in  the  state,  more  than  two-thirds  of  the 
value  of  the  squeteague,  and  more  than  one-half  of  the 
value  of  the  buffalo  fish.  Practically  all  of  the  slirimp 
taken  either  in  the  vessel  fisheries  or  in  the  shore  and 
boat  fisheries  of  the  Gulf  district  and  practically  all  of 
the  squeteague  taken  in  the  vessel  fisheries  were 
caught  with  seines.  Of  the  squeteague  product  taken 
by  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  74  per  cent  of  the 
quantity  was  taken  by  sones.  In  1897  seines  showed 
a  product  slightly  heavier  than  that  of  tongs,  but  the 
value  of  the  catch  was  not  relatively  as  important  as 
in  1908. 


Lines  were  third  in  importance  as  apparatus  of  cap- 
ture in  the  shore  and  boat  fidieries  of  the  Gulf  district 
and  in  the  fidieries  of  the  state  as  a  whole.  Tb»j 
lanbMi  first  in  the  Ifississippi  River  fisheries,  but 
w^  not  employed  in  the  vessel  fisheries.  Twenty- 
two  spef»es  made  up  the  catch  by  lines  for  the  state; 
yet  one  species,  catfish,  contributed  oS  per  cent  of  the 
value  of  this  product,  tvs  well  as  50  per  cent  of  the 
value  of  the  product  of  the  akore  and  boat  fishnies  ni 
the  Gulf.  In  1897  the  total  catch  by  lines  waa 
3,150,000  poimds,  valued  at  $64,000,  almost  three- 
fifths  as  much  as  the  quantity  reported  in  1908,  but 
representing  a  value  less  than  a  third  as  great. 

A  great  many  other  kinds  of  apparatus  of  capture 
were  used  to  take  the  remainder  of  the  product,  which 
was  valued  at  $203,000  and  represented  about  one- 
eighth  of  the  value  for  the  entbe  state.  The  moat 
important  oi  thsae  kinds  of  apparatus  were  fyke  and 
hoop  nets,  which  took  products  valued  at  $32,000, 
and  shrimp  nets  and  dip  nets,  which  took  products 
valued  at  $19,000  and  $15,000,  respectively.  To 
minor  ap])aratus  $20,000  was  credited. 

The  following  tabular  statement  shows  the  distribu- 
tion of  the  tot^  value  of  fisheiy  products,  fay  apparatua 
of  capture,  between  the  (Mt  of  Mexieo  «id  the 
MisBiaBqipi  River  districts: 


cm  ArrAMxim. 


Totol  

Dredges,  tongs,  etc 

Seines  

Lines  

Mink,  niiiskrat,  and  otter  traps. 
Fyke  and  hoop 
Shrimp  nets — 

Dip  nets  

Allother  


TAI.T7K  or  RODCCTS:  IMt. 


ToteL 

1  Gulfof 
Marico 

Mississippi 

$1,569,000 

$1,448,000 

$121,000 

768,000 

400,000 
203,000 
96,000 
32,000 
19,000 
15,000 
41,000 

763,000 
383.000 
141,000 
98,000 
7,800 
1,500 
U,«0 

m,m 

17.000 
<l,«lt 

24,000 

Oysiera.— In  1908  the  Louisiana  oyster  prodnet 

amounted  to  3,650,000  bushels,  or,  computed  on  the 

ba.sis  of  contained  meat,  25, 553.000  pounds,  valued  at 
S7G3,000.  That  tliis  pnxhirt  represents  a  remarkable 
growtli  over  ])r(  vious  years  is  shown  by  the  following 
tabular  stuteiiient: 


'   OIBIEA  fMUVUVt. 

TBUI. 

Quantity 
(ImhImIs). 

Valoe. 

Quantity 
(bushels). 

Value. 

3.650.  (NX) 

$7f..'J.0(10 

55 

49 

959.0(10 

4.'{3,000 

39 

a 

842,000 

300.000 

28 

45 

295,000 

200,000 

20 

a 

The  gain  in  the  quantity  o(  oysters  between  1S97  and 
1908  constitutes  two-thirds  of  the  gain  in  the  entire 
fishery  product  of  the  state,  wliile  for  the  period  from 


FIgHERIES  OF  THE  UNITID  STATES,  1906. 


1880  to  1908  it  constitutes  about  three-fifths  of  the  total 
pM.  Tht  priee  of  oysters,  howiBTer,  has  fallen  to  such 
am  extent  tliat,  altlioii^  tlie  qnaiitity  in  1908  wae 
BM>re  than  three  and  one-half  ttmea  ae  laige  as  in  1897 

and  about  four  and  one-half  times  as  lai^e  as  in  1890, 
the  value  of  the  product  increased  only  76  per  cent  in 
the  former  period  and  lo4  per  cent  in  the  latter. 

Oysters  were  reported  only  from  the  Gulf  district. 
Here  the  Am  and  boat  fisheries  took  2,763,000  bush- 
ife,  yahied  at  9617,000,  and  the  Teesd  fisheries  888,000 
Imshels,  valued  at  $1 46,000.  While  the  " relaying"  of 
oysters  in  salt  water  in  order  to  improve  their  flavor  was 
quite  extensive  in  18S0,  accordinj;  to  the  Geographical 
Review  of  the  Fisheries,'  verv  little  oyster  planting  was 
done  at  that  date.  Altliough  the  planting  seems  to 
haTereachedaeoandwabie  extent  bj  1897,  the  fiistcol- 
ieeled  data  an  those  of  the  pweent  comus.  In  1908 
over  one-thinl  of  the  market  ojrstets  came  from  pri- 
vate areas.  As  the  price  of  oysters  from  private  areas, 
owing  to  their  superior  flavor,  is  much  higlier  than  that 
of  oysters  from  public  areas,  the  product  from  the 
fmrmer  areas,  though  much  smaller  in  quantity,  was 
■eariy  as  vahiable  as  the  produet  from  the  latter.  In 
the  case  of  seed  oyeten  conditions  mm  revefsed,  the 
jield  of  the  puhBc  areas,  which  fonaed  waify  about  six- 
sevenths  of  the  quantity  of  seed  ojrtMS,  fripffnwuliint 
thirteen-fourteenths  of  the  value. 

The  practice  of  relaying  mature  oysters  to  improve. 
Ihcir  flavor  probably  accounts  in  part  for  the  high 
amnee  priee  of  the  seed  oysters  taken  from  the  public 
areas  in  the  shore  and  boat  fidieries,  as  oompared  witii 
the  price  of  the  seed  oystm  in  the  same  daae  of  fish- 
«ies  taken  from  private  areas. 

:>hrimp. — \inety-six  per  cent  of  the  shrimp  taken 
and  88  per  cent  of  their  value  were  credited  to  the  shore 
ami  boat  fisheries  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  district.  Of 
the  ■emsiniiife  {mdiiet,  the  fieherim  of  the  Ifississippi 
River  and  its  tributaries  furnished  a  fit^  more  than 
two-fifths  of  the  weight  and  nearij  two-thirds  of  the 
value.  The  growth  in  the  shrimp  product  within  the 
period  for  which  statistics  are  available  has  been  very 
irr^ular,  as  is  shown  in  the  following  tabular  state- 

'The  Fisheries  and  Fiabery  InduaUiea  of  the  United  States,  sec- 


Quontity 
(pomda). 

Value. 

1908  

8,581,000 
4,487,000 
6,662,000 
534,000 

t213,000 

81.000 
91,000 
42,000 

1897  

1890   ' 

1880   " 

Cafjish. — In  order  of  value  catfish  ranked  third  in 
the  state  as  a  whole  and  in  the  Gulf  district,  and  first 
in  the  Mississippi  River  district,  when  it  contributed 
39  percratolthequantity  and  45  per  cent  of  the  value 
of  the  entire  product.  More  than  one-third  of  the 
value  of  the  entire  catfish  haul  came  from  the  Missis- 
sippi River  fisheries,  and  with  the  exception  of  a  very 
small  quantity  reported  by  vessel  fisheries  all  of  the 
remainder  was  from  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  of  the 
Ckdf.  The  species  has  shared  in  the  general  increase 
shown  hy  the  products  of  the  Louiaaana  fisheries.  In 
1880  it  was  not  reported  separately,  but  was  included 
in  ''Other  species;"  in  1897  the  yield  was  1,950,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $47,000;  and  in  190S  the  product 
was  more  than  twice  as  large  and  more  than  three 
times  as  valuable. 

SguOeaffue,  or  tea  irmU.—Thia  spedm  was  taken  only 
in  the  Gulf  district,  92  per  cent  of  the  quantity  and  94 
per  cent  of  the  value  being  reported  by  the  shore  and 
boat  fishermen.  The  weight  of  the  catch  taken  has 
nearly  doubled,  and  its  value  has  trebled  since  1897. 
In  1880  the  squeteague  was  included  under  the  head 
of  "Other  species." 

B»/s2o/aX.— Buffalo  fish,  like  catfish,  were  taken 
but  little  in  vessel  fishraies.  In  1908  they  ranked  third 
among  the  fishery  products  of  the  state  and  second 
among  the  products  of  the  Missi.ssippi  River  district. 
Over  half  of  the  weight  of  the  butfalo-fish  catch  was 
reported  by  the  Mississippi  River  district,  but  the 
Gulf  shore  and  boat  catch,  less  by  about  40,000  pounds, 
had  a  greater  value.  In  1880 buffab>  fish  were  included 
under  the  head  of  "Other  speoim,"  and  in  1897  thej 
furnished  a  product  which  had  only  about  one-eighth 
of  the  weight  and  one-tenth  of  the  value  of  that  of  1908. 

Minic  skins. — This  product,  which  ranked  fifth  with 
respect  to  value  at  the  census  of  1908,  was  not  reported 
at  prior  canvasses. 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

Table  1 .— LOUISIAXA-FISIIERY  PIIODUCTS:  1908. 


186 


Total. 


nsh: 


Black  bass  

iiluefish   . 

Bream,  or  suniish. 

BoflUoflih.  

Clip.  


CaUA  

CnpptB.  

CmvaM  

fttwtor.  


Drum  (satb-waittt),t^Ma- 
nelbass,orndiIsk.  

Flounders  

Mullet  

Paddlefish  


Cm*».  

Psmpano  

Skeepshead  

^^ish  mackerel. 


SQneteague,  or  sea  txout. 

SodBHk  

YOkmttSl  

All  odiar  


Frogs  

Crai)s,  hard. 
Crabs,  soft. . 
CnnrtWi  


.Shrimp  

Terrapin................... 

Turtles  


Oysters,  market,  from  public 


Oysters,  market,  from  pri- 
vate areas  

Oysters,  seed  from  public 

areas  

Oysters,  seed,  from  private 


~-  .... 

I'MIWinaiBB.. 


Hides,  alligator  

Skins,  mink  '. 

Skins,  muskrat  

Slcins,  otter  


tanu 


Quantity 
(poandB). 

Value. 

4<i,  106,000 

$1,509,000 

40,000 
2,S(I0 
40,000 

2,«2t>,aoo 

12,000 

3,300 
100 
2,200 
50,000 
1,000 

4,405,000 
9(>,000 
24,000 
309,000 
846,000 

143,000 
6,400 
1,400 
28,000 
16,000 

71fi,000 
71,000 
133,000 
132,000 

39,000 
6,000 
5,fi00 
5,000 

5,500 
1,100 
249,000 
4,900 

4,400 
100 
18,000 
500 

1,103,000 
5,000 
64,000 
152,000 

82,000 
100 

3,200 
5,100 

38,000 
244,000 
78,000 
88,000 

4,  rm 

7,  MX! 
21,000 
8,000 

8,581,000 
41,000 
215,000 
100 

213,000 
21,000 
7,800 

M3, 363, 000 

341,000 

*  7,399,000 

SM.O0O 

M,091,000 

ai;mo 

•TOOiOOO 

200 

6,200 
(') 

' 110,000 
*  20, 000 
•40,000 
» 1,100 

11,000 
77,000 
16,000 
4,700 

PM»UCT  C/LVOBX  BT— 


Huff, 

Fyksaod  boop 
neta. 

OanelB. 

ratoe.* 

<|iiaiititT 
(poonds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pooods). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(poonda). 

Value. 

Qnaotity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Vain. 

I2,4»),000 

1400,000 

5,329,000 

8203,000 

1,758,000 

832,000 

71,000 

85,800 

24,000 

8900 

26,427,000 

8028,000 

1  1 

Q  7m  Km 

30,000 

2,700 
21,000 
1,226,000 
10,000 

442,000 
7.(XK) 

100 
1,200 
29,000 
800 

14,000 
400 

2<J.0OO  1.000 

372,000 
2,000 

3,617,000 
88.000 

5,900 
200 

118,000 
•i,000 
1,300 
9,000 
6^000 

11,000 
3,500 
1,400 
800 

998,000 

15,000 

30,000 

600 

339,000 

10,000 

1,000 

100 

6,200 

5.1  (JO          100  i  19.000 

259,000 
118,000 

5.1S.0OO 

ic.noo 

18,000 
8,«09 

27.000 

106,000 
811,080 

ISC.OOO 

2,200 

200 

500 
1,100 

5,400 

100 
1,700 
10,000 

(») 

200 
(*) 
(«) 

400 

100 

(») 

415,000 

0,100 

16,000 
16,000 
3,200 

1,400 
1,400 
200 

200 

m 

1.100  3.H.O0O 

loii.ooo     ■j,m)  20,000 

99.000  1     3.700  .  21.000 

2,500 

m 

2,000 

100 

5,500 
1,100 
185,000 
4,900 

840,000 

4,400 
100 

12,000 
500 

61,000 

5,900 

2,200 

200 

600 

(•) 

200 

m 

56,000 

232,000 

23,000 

27,000 

2,200 

3,900 

200 

6,000 

100 

64,000 
1,700 

3,200 
100 

151,000 

5,000 

100 

(») 

  1  .. 

3S,n00  '  4,500 
1  ()■.',  (JOO  2,900 
40,000  1  9,600 
86,000  »,m 

w.  nm     10  nm 

i       M).(IO()  3.300 

60,000 

1,600 

1,500 

100 

39,000 

12,000 

1,800 

100 

S, 346, 000 
12,000 
58,000 

194,000 
9,800 
1,000 

29,000 
138,000 
100 

43,363,000 

*7,a9B,000 

H,00I,000 

« 700, 000 
200 

'  110,000 

« 20, 000 
» 40, 000 
u  1,100 

12,000 

** 

341,000 

3»i,oai 

6,201 

(») 

II,  000 

77,000 

III,  000 
4,700 

21,000 

1,200 

2,600 

200 

1 

'  Tnrludes  apparatus,  with  catch,  as  follows:  Dredtres.  (oni's.  etc..  2.')..>").'?.non  potinds.  valued  at  5703,000:  mink,  maskrat.  and  otter  traps.  r,0.000  pou 
shrimp  nets.  2:«,0'^t  pounds,  valued  at  I19,0(X);  dip  nets,  U,7.mi  pounds,  valued  ;it  .<13,0(I0;  firearms,  101,000  pounds,  valued  at  89,900:  crawfish  pota,  U 
at  82,900:  pound  and  trap  nets,        pounds,  valued  at  880U;  cast  nets.  4.2(H)  pounds,  valued  at  8200;  and  minor  apparatus,  191,000  i>ounds,  valued  at  I 

«  I^s  than  $100.  »  .';s4.000  bushels.  »  39,000  skins. 

»  1,909,000  bushels.  •  100,000  bushels.  »  119,000  skins. 

*ijaajan\mMk.  'ajmtoim.  »(  


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 

Tablk  2.— LOUISIANA— fishery  PRODUCTS  OF  GULF  OF  MEXICO  DISTRICT:  1908. 


Brram,  or  sunfish. . 
Ajgtofish.  


CTfran*  

Croaker  

Dmm,  fresh- water. . 

Prum  ( salt-water  ^ 
cbannel  bass,  or 
icdfish  

Fkmndcis  


Bheepshead. 


1  mackerel... 
ae,  or  sea 


Shrimp  . 

Terrapin  

Tartles  

Omds,  bard. 


paMic  areas  

Oysters,  market,  from 
private  areas  

Ojxttrs.  seed,  (ram  pub- 
Be  areas  

Oysters,  seed,  Immtt^ 
▼ate  arras  

Periwinkles  


Hides,  alli^tor. 
Skin':,  inink. . . . 
Skins,  muskrat. 
Skins,  otter  


Value. 

SI. 448.000 

12.000 

2.800 
.35.000 
.  1,203^000 

1,100 
100 

1  900 
28i600 
fla.nnn 

mooo 

386,000 

28,000 
6,900 

HH.OOO 
71,000 

39.000 
6,000 

131,000 
43,000 

1,100 
249,000 

5,000 
1,400 

100 
18,000 

4,900 

500 

AS 

03,000 
0,300 
4,300 

38.000 
244,000 
78,000 
TV,  000 

4,500 
7.800 
21.000 
2,000 

8,415.000 
41,000 
211,000 
100 

196.000 
21,000 
7,700 
(») 

>13,363,000 

341,000 

« 7,399,000 

334,000 

'4,091,000 

82,000 

•  700,000 

200 

6,200 

(«) 

'  110.000 
•30.000 
•40,000 
» 1,110 

11,000 
77.000 
16.000 
4,100 

1  SeiMS. 

Fyke  and  hoop 

TnauBdnets. 

GIB  seta. 

1  Quantity 
(pamida). 

Value. 

QnanUty 
(poonds). 

Vataw. 

Qumttty 
(pooads) 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds) 

Value. 

(  Jiiatit  it  V 

L4uiJ  L  I  i  V 

(pounds) 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

12,114,000 

oaM,ooo 

3,592.000 

296,000 

07,800 

n,ooo 

35,800 

26,210,000 

1000,000 

8,800 
2,800 
1  21,000 
1,022,000 
382,000 

5,100 
299,000 
116,000 

1  538.000 
16,000 

106.000 

27.000 
l.KJO 
1  185,000 

800 
100 
1,200 
23,000 
11,000 

100 
18.000 
3,600 

27,000 
1,100 

3,900 

500 
100 
12,000 

3,700 

300 

1 

is. 666 

254.000 
2,343,000 

19,000 
106,000 
102,000 

156,000 
38,000 

20,000 

21.000 

700 
4,400 

n,ooo 

1,300 
9.000 
2,500 

11.000 
3,500 

1.400 
800 





'"i7,'666' 

232,000 

""366" 
0,700 

.......... 

1,000 

100 

(*) 

1,100 

0, 4UU 

100 
1,700 

(^) 

JOU 
(') 

{*) 

47  ran 

ouu 

lOf  uuu 

3,200 

1  i/m 

i,4UU 

200 

ao 

m 

2,500 

100 

61,000  5,900 

"**2,'366' 

'""266' 

606' 

'"*""»o" 

4,900  500 

840.000 
64,000 
1,700 

56.000 
3,200 
100 

232.000 

23,000 

27,000 

2,200 

3,900 

'200 

100 

(*) 

38,000 
102.000 
40,000 
77,000 

70,000 
29.000 
133,000 
100 

*ii,aoi,«oo 

47,399,000 

•4,091,000 
•700,000 

» 110.000 
•20,000 
•40,000 
»1,M0 

4,600 

2.900 
9,600 
2,000 

2.100 
12,000 
4,800 

Ki^iai 

334,000 

82,000 

6,200 
(«) 

11.000 
77,000 
10,000 
4,780 

80,000  3,300 
30,000  12,000 

60,000 

1,600 

1,500 

100 

1,800 

100 

8.346,000 
12,000 
00,000 

194,000 
9,500 
1«000 

17,000 

1,M0 

^000 

200 

ifSL^^Sl  •^Sow'^^g"^'*^*"^  •,39.000  skins. 

llSSSS^  JiS?lS?l??**-  »  119.000  skins. 

•tm^mmm.  1 22,m hides.  10  ,x)o  skins. 


at  398,000; 


Table  3.— LOUISIANA— FISHERY  PRODUCTS  OF  MISSISSIPPI  RIVER  DISTRICT:  1908.' 


anoxa. 


Total. 


Bream,  or  sunfiA. 

Buflolo  fish..  

CSarp,  (lermaa..... 
Catibh  


OiTiar  

Suckers  I". 

Another  


•ocai. 


3,803,000  8121,000 


28,000 
5.000 
1,333.000 

12.000 
1,467,000 

96.000 
580.000 
84.000 

5.500 
5,000 
10,000 

0,400 

mow 

4,080 


2,200 
200 
22.000 

1. 000 
54,000 

6,400 
8,400 
3,000 
4,400 
100 
800 

1,600 
17,000  I 
100  i 


Ltaea. 

Fyke  and  hoop  nets. 

Seines. 

OiUneta. 

All  other  appaiatuai^ 

QMBtt^ 

(poaads). 

Yatae; 

QuaBtlli 
dMNinds). 

Value. 

 .-  J »j 

vnamny 
(paaada). 

Vahie. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

1,738.000 

1  861,000 

1,463,000 

824,000 

303,000 

817,000 

10,000 

8400 

211,000 

818^081 

26.000 
5,000 

118.000 
2.000 
l,274.fKX) 

88.000 
200,000 

2,200 
200 

i-'OO 
47.000 

6,000 
3,000 

1,000 

MO 

'  "98i.'666' 

'"'is.' 666' 

'"264,' 666' 
10,000 

80,000 

7.000 
2,000 
72,000 
6,800 

'  '5,'3d6" 
800 

2,800 

400 
(') 

3,200 
4,4110 

•••••••• • • ■ • 

600 

166,666 

"3,566' 

 o,'666' 

30O 

368.000 
2,000 

5,300 
100 

 16,666' 

 466' 

»,'i80" 

 ife* 

16,066" 


 866' 

9,400 
166,000 

1,800 
17,880 

uo 

>  All  taken  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries.  ~ 
^^^•todndetiapparatai^wlttMli^MlNlMrac  ffiffupMa^ la^^MBp^^p^^^ TiinirtlBtlWJHffil <WHl<Jl jol%8^380p—<li^'yOlBBd «t>t^fflflt  wnl ptuml fmi tiwp tM^ WyflW 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

Table  4.— LOUISIANA— PRODUCTS  OF  \  ESSEL  FISHERIES:  1908. 


TMia. 


Fish: 

Catfish  

Croaker  

Drum,  fresh-waier  

Drum  (salt-waiei ),  channel  bass,  or  red  fish . 
Fkmndin.  


Mallet. 


lead. 


I,  or  sea  trout. 


Onte,lia(d. 


Oysters,  market,  from  public  areas. . 
Oyaters,  market,  from  private  areas. 

Oyrtm,  seed,  from  publie  aieaa  

OjnrtOB,  seed,  from  private  areas  


lotu. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Value. 


6,762.000 

8174,000 

48,000 
50,000 
18,000 
68.000 
2,800 

1,300 
3,300 

400 
2,700 

200 

15,000 
32,000 
02,000 
^MO 

SOO 
2.000 
5,000 

100 

4,100 
205,000 
3,000 
17,080 

300 
8.800 
2,900 

300 

•3,559,000 
«  1,578,000 
•  1,011,000 
•68,000 

81,000 
66,000 
8,100 
600 

HMNWCT  CAvarni  UT— 


Dredges,  tongs,  etc 

Seines. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Vatae. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Vahie. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

VaiM. 

6,215,000 

8140,000 

615,000 

818,080 

8M0 

48.000 
'^.OOO 
18,000 
57,000 
2,800 

15,000 
32,000 
92,000 
^100 

4,100 
205.000 
3,000 
17,080 

1..300 
3,300 

400 
2,600 

200 

500 
2,000 
6,000 

MO 

30O 
8.800 
2,900 

880 

(') 
(») 

000 

(') 

200 
100 
400 

( 

») 

•3,559,000 

*  1.578.000 

•  1.011,000 

•68,000 

81,000 
56.000 
8,100 
80O 

Less  than  100  pounds. 


>  Less  than  3100. 


*  508,000  buahdi. 


«  225,000  bushels. 


•  144.000  bustada. 


•  0,700  bushels. 


Tabu  S.— LOUISUNA— PBODUCTS  OF  8H0RB  AND  BOAT  FISHERIES  OF  GULF  OF  MEXICO  DISTRICT:  1906. 


Total. 


FUi: 


Black  1 

BluefiA  

Bream,  or  soaflsb... 

Buffalo  fish..  

Catfish  


CrevalK  

Croaker  

Dram,  ftesh-water  

I>rum(8alVi»tMr),  chan- 
nel bass,  or  iaoMi... 
Flotmders  


Mullet  

Paddlefish.. 
Pompano... 

Sbeepshead. 


Spanish  mackerel  

Bqueteapue,  or  sea  trout 

Yellowtail  

AllodMr.  


VMb  

OHoB,bard. 


Torttas. 
GhaUihard. 


OnrtMB,  nmtat,  ftam  pub- 

Oyrten,  maric^  bom  pff- 
Tata  anas  

Oysters,  seed,  from  public 

areas  

Oysters,  seed,  fh>m  private 


Periwinkles.  

mdes,  alllrator  

Skins,  mink.  ......... 

Skins,  muskiat  

Slina,  otter.  


TOTAL. 


PBODUCT  cAonr  BT— 


Qoantti 


36,641,000 


12,000 
2. 100 

35.000 
1.293.000 
2,889,000 

24,000 
830,000 
248,000 

058,000 
68,000 

118.000 
48,000 
800 
217,000 

4,000 

1,011,000 
('4,000 
142,000 

38.000 
240.000 
78.000 
79,000 

8,210,000 
38,000 
194,000 
MO 


« 9, 805, 000 
•6,821,000 
« 


'  632,000 

aoo 

•  110.000 

•20.000 
>»  40,000 
ii  1,100 


Valnb 


11,274,000 


1, 100 
100 

1,900 
28,000 
88,(|p0 

1.400 
24,000 

«,6eo 

36,000 
5,800 

5,100 
1,400 
100 
16,000 

400 
77,000 
3,200 
4,300 

4,500 
7,500 
21,000 


187,000 
18,000 
7.400 


200,000 

278,000 

74,000 

5.600 
(*) 

11,000 
77,000 


aaaaii; 

AM  attar  oyi*. 

Vataa. 

Quutt^ 

Valaa. 

VabM. 

QiM>n^ 

VafaM. 

Valae. 

g°«^y  Vafcia. 

11,568,000 

1366,000 

1141,000 

296,000 

87,000 

71,000 

85,800 

13.000 

8500 

20,001,000 

6763,000 

8.800 
2. 100 
21.000 
1,022.000 
313,000 

5,100 
200,000 
«,Q00 

481.000 
13,000 

91,000 

27.000 
8CtO 
153,000 

4,000 
749,000 
64,000 
1,600 

800 
100 
1,200 
23.000 
10,000 

100 
16,000 
8,  MO 

24,000 
900 

3,400 

500 
100 
10,000 

400 
51,000 
3,200 
100 

a  7m 

:vn 

15, 000 
254.000 
2,343,000 

19,000 
M8,000 
MB,  000 

156.000 
38,000 

20,000 
21,000 

700 
4,400 
71,000 

1.300 
0,000 
2,080 

11.000 
3,500 

1,400 
800 

'"i7.'666' 

232,000 

""366 
6,700 

"  "i,'666 

•  '(1)  • 

266' 

"('»')"■ 

2,300 

MO 

4N 

1,100 

4,800 
100 

1,500 

200 

(*) 

(») 

MO 

«,080 

8B0 

10.000 

1.400 

<«) 

16,000  1  1,400 
3,200  1  200 

2,500 

180 

61,000 

5,900 

2,200 

200 

500 

(«) 

300 

(») 

232,000 

23,000 

27,000 

2,300 

3,000 

200 

140,000 

4,200 

(») 

(«) 

.38.  mo 

102. 000 
40,000 
77,000 

70.000 
29. 000 
133,000 
180 

•9,805,000 

•6,021,000 

•8,080,000 

T  632,000 
200 

•110.000 

•20.000 

4.500 
2.!t00 
9.600 
8,000 

100 

12.0(10 

tr 

260,000 

sn^ooo 

74,080 

6.000 
(») 

11.000 

77.000 

76,000 
39,000 

3.000 
12,000 

00,000 

1,600 

1,500 

100 

a,8oo 

100 

8,141,000 
8,900 
41,000 

185,000 
6,700 
1,300 

17,000 

1,H0 

2,000 

200 

>«  40.000  I  10.000 
u  1,100  4,700 

|::::::::::: 

1  Includes  apparatus,  with  catch,  as 
808,000;  dip  nets,  lti7,000  pounds,  valued 
valued  at  $1,500;  cast  nets,  4,200  

•  Leas  than  SIOO. 

I       than  MO  punnln, 


follows:  Dredges,  tongs,  alB.,  JM^mjlM  pounds,  vahwd  at  $617,000;  mink,  muskrat,  and  otter  traps,  60.000  pounds,  valoed  at 
at  $14,000;  firearms,  101,000  pooBda,  Taloed  at  $9,900;  crawfish  pots,  74,000  pounds,  vataiad  at  81,900;  shrimp  nets,  64,000  pouada, 
valued  at  $200;  and  mtaarMoanktas,  191,000  pounds,  valnad  at  830^000. 

4  1,401.000  bushels.  <  440^)00  bushels.  •  22.000  hides.  >«  119,000  skiu. 

•  883^000  boaMa.  '  90,000  bushels.  •  30,000  aktna.  OQOOaUna. 


< 


USHERIfiS       mB  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


MAINE. 

The  fishing  industry'  of  Maine  is  confined  to  sea  and 
shore  fisheries  along  the  Atlantic  coast;  but  because 
of  the  pecufiariy  ragged  and  uneven  coast  line  and  the 
■ngr  oatlyiiig  iabikb,  the  atate  poaseaBes  special  ad- 
Tantages  among  the  statea  in  which  oommefcial  fishing 
ia  carried  on.  In  the  total  value  of  fishery  products 
Maine  ranked  second  among  the  Xew  England  states 
in  1908  and  seventh  among  all  the  states;  in  the  value 
ot  lobsters,  soft  clams,  and  herring  caught  it  ranked 
filsty  and  in  the  Tahie  of  cod,  haddock,  and  hake 
saeMid. 

The  following  statement  pfesenta  a  mmiiiiaiy  of  the 
most  importaai  atatiaticB  loir  the  firiieriea  of  Mune  in 

1908: 

Number  of  peaoM  oaployed  

Cental: 

TMh  lud  boalii,  iDciadiaK oalft.  fl,M9,000 

Apparatus  of  capture   576,000 

Aon  and  acceaaory  jnoperty  and  cash   166, 000 

MMoipndaefti.   3,257,000 

Omfmiteim  wtA  prevunu  eatwasses. — ^The  principal 
itotiatica  of  the  Mmm  fiahariea  for  1906,  in  comparison 
with  the  letams  for  eirUun  eariier  yean  for  whidi  can- 
vasses were  nmAtytfgnm  in  the  foOcywiiq;  tahidar 
atatement: 


TKAB. 

em- 
ployed, 
exeiosiTe 
ofdHm- 
men. 

taowcn. 

TtML 

Vessels  and 
hoats. 

including 
oatftC 

Appara- 
tus of 
captore. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

6.S57  ; 
7.442 
9.207 
8,717 

M-l 

82.245.000 

1,606.000 
1,732.000 

81.660.000 

1.179.000 
1.255,000 
1,006,000 

8576.000 
428.000 
476.000  ! 
429,000 
01,000 

173,843.000 
124.724,000 
242.390.000 
123,405.000 
129,560.000 

$3,257,000 
2,386,000 
2,919,000 
2,656,000 

2.m,«» 

The  total  imrestment  in  equipment — vessels  and 
thair  outfits,  boats,  and  apparatus  of  capture — in- 
cnaaed  by  men  than  50  per  cent  from  1889  to  1908, 
being  51,475,000  at  the  earlier  date  and  $2,245,000  at 
the  latter.  An  increase  in  each  of  the  items  helped  to 
make  up  the  increase  in  the  total,  the  value  of  the 
apparatus  of  capture  increasing  from  $424,000  to 
$579,000  and  the  Talne  of  yessels  and  boats  from 
$1,051,000  to  $1,500,000.  The  iocntae  in  fliese 
itauu,  however,  was  not  uninterrupted,  for  the  value 
of  apparatus  of  capture  fell  in  1905  below  the  values 
reported  for  1898  and  1902,  and  the  value  of  vessels 
and  boats  in  1898  was  less  than  in  1889,  and  in  1905 
Imb  than  in  1902.  It  may  be  noted  that  the  inTcet- 
ment  in  1880  was  $1,814,000,  which  is  higer  than  Uiat 
wported  at  any  subsequent  canvass  prior  to  1908. 

In  the  report  for  1880  the  values  of  the  separate 
products  as  sold  by  the  fishermen  are  not  given.  The 
foloiwing  taboiar  atatenwnt,  howeyer,  ]nesents  sta- 
Mtt  ahowi^i  ^  "^nkm  of  the  leading  piodiietB  for 


the  years  1908,  1902,  1898,  and  1889,  arranged  in  the 

order  of  their  value  in  1908: 


ru.vm  or 

noovcn. 

18tS 

IMt 

1888 

uaa 

83,257.000 

$2.919,0at 

fS,<65,000 

82,111,000 

1,260,000 

1,066,000 

993,000 

574,000 

Cod  

438,000 

377,000 

314,000 

437,000 

Herring  

420,000 

510,000 

263,000 

240,000 

Clams  

20,000 

194,000 

323,000 

201,000 

Haddock  

248,000 

125,000 

132,000 

103,000 

Hake  

108,000 

145,000 

134,000 

89,000 

la-.::::: •■ 

05,000 

14,000 

15,000 

19,000 

75,000 

49.000 

19,000 

32,000 

Smelt  

65,000 

103,000 

139,000 

75,000 

Swordfldi...  

44,000 

45,000 

44,000 

27,000 

Shad  

42,000 

29,000 

20,000 

19,000 

Cusk  

32,000 

34,000 

14,000 

6,200 

Mackerel  

31,000 

101,000 

98,000 

88.000 

Eels  

25,000 

13,000 

13,000 

8,700 

Alewives..  

18,000 

22,000 

25.000 

30,000 

Halibut  

15,000 

14.000 

22,000 

36,000 

AUotber  

24,000 

78,000 

85,000 

m,8it 

In  each  of  the  years  for  wliich  statistics  are  sliown, 
lobsters,  cod,  herring,  clams,  haddock,  and  hake  con- 
stituted the  six  piindpal  fishery  products  of  the  state, 
except  that  m  1898  ameH  ranked  fifth  and  haddock 
seventh.  These  six  species  contributed  78  per  cent 
of  the  aggregate  value  of  the  fishery  product  of  the 
state  in  1889,  81  per  cent  in  1898,  83  per  cent  in  1902, 
and  86  per  cent  in  1908. 

The  value,  of  the  lobster  product  increased  about 
73  per  cent  fwmi  1889  to  1898  and  28  per  cent  from 
1898  to  1908.  The  cod  product  decrMuaed  in  value 
about  28  per  cent  from  1889  to  1808,  but  during  the 
following  ten  years  recovered  this  loss,  so  that  in 
1908  the  value  was  about  the  same  as  in  1889.  The 
value  of  the  herring  catch  in  1908  showed  a  decrease 
of  about  18  per  cent,  as  compared  with  1902,  but  an 
increase  of  abcnit  60  per  cent,  as  compared  with  1898 
or  1889.  The  ralue  of  the  clam  product  in  1908  waa 
29  per  cent  greater  than  in  1902  and  25  p«r  eei^ 
greater  than  in  1889,  but  was  less  than  in  1898.  The 
haddock  catch  fluctuated  in  value  throughout  the 
period  covered  by  the  statistics,  although  in  1908  the 
value  was  more  than  twice  as  great  as  in  1889  and 
nearly  twice  as  great  aa  in  1902.  The  value  of  hake 
showed  an  increase  at  each  canvass. 

Of  the  less  important  varieties,  shad  akme  ahows 
an  increase  in  value  at  each  successive  canvass.  Ale- 
wives  declined  steadily  in  value,  while  scallops  and 
hahbut  decreased  in  value  until  1902,  and  then  gained. 
Pollack  and  eels  show  increases  from  1902  to  1908; 
amdt,  awofdfiah,  cusk,  and  mackerel  show  dedinea. 
The  most  marked  de<£ne  ia  in  the  value  of  the  *nark- 
erel  catch,  which  deeieaaed  59  per  cent  between  1902 
and  1908. 

Persons  employed.— The  total  number  of  persons 
employed  in  the  fisheries  of  the  state  in  1908  wa8 
6,861,  diatributed  as  follows: 


FIS] 


BY  STATES. 


1$9 


GLASS. 

rosom  nmoTiD:  1908. 

Number. 

Salaries  and  wages. 

TOM. 

Pro- 
prie- 

tMS 

and 
inda- 
pend- 
ent 
fisher- 
men. 

8al»- 
ried 
em- 
ployees. 

Wage- 
earn- 
ers. 

Total. 

Sala- 
ries. 

WaRBS. 

Total  

6,861 

1,378 

396 

5,083 
4 

15,004 

3 

1,854 

8619,000 

81,200 

*  8618,000 

TiwM|ia(ttD(  'w- 

391 

r>4 

4,549 

1 

986 

332 

532 
4 

365,000 

150.000 

103,000 
1,100 

500 

365,000 

150,000 

102,000 
1,100 

Shore    and  boat* 

2 

700 

•  Exclusive  of  178  proprietors  not  fishine. 

»  Includes  provisions  furnished  to  the  value  of  $28,000. 

Nearly  three-fourths  of  the  persons  employed  in 
fishing  industries  in  the  state  were  engaged  in  the 
shore  and  boat  fisheries,  and  nearly  nine-tenths  of 
those  engaged  in  ibe  Aore  and  bcMt  fiaheriea  were 
proprietcm  and  independcoit  fishennen.  Of  the  total 
number  oi^aged  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  534, 
or  11  per  cent,  were  employed  by  others.  The  follow- 
ing tabular  statement  shows  the  number  of  peisons 
employed,  exclusive  of  shoresmen,  in  the  fisheries  of 
Maine  during  the  yeare  named: 


cuas  or  mvionnait. 


1908 

6,857 

ISMo 

190:2 

1898 

1889 

1880 

7,442 

9,207 

8.717 

 ^ 

8,885 

8,110 

1,378 
396 
5,063 

1,126 
330 
5,986 

2,017 
310 
6,880 

1,734 
213 
6,770 

2,515 
165 
6,205 

3,630 

Shon  and  boat  flabariea.  

4,480 

Th^  has  been  a  gmenXf  though  to  some  extent 
interrupted,  decrease  dnce  1880  in  the  number  of  per- 
sons employed.  The  total  number  employed  was 
smallest  in  1908,  and  the  number  employed  in  shore  and 
boat  fisheries  was  smaller  in  that  year  than  at  any  other 
time  since  1880.  Both  for  the  fbheries  of  the  state  as 
a  whole  and  for  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  the  largest 
number  of  peisons  employed  was  reported  in  1902. 
F<Hr  vessel  fisheries  the  laigest  number  of  employees 
was  reported  in  1880  and  the  smallest  number  in 
1905,  although  the  number  in  1902  was  larger  than 
that  at  any  canvass  since  1889.  Contrary  to  the 
general  tendency  toward  a  decrease  in  the  number  of 
persons  employed  apparent  in  each  of  the  other  branches 
of  the  industiy,  the  number  employed  on  transport- 
ing vessels  shows  a  small  increase  from  year  to  year. 

Equipment  and  other  captUU. — ^The  following  table 
gives  statistics  of  the  equipment  and  of  other  capital 
employed: 


Total   •2,411,000 


BQomatKT  AND  oTHBacamaii 

1908. 


Vessels,  including  ootflt  

Fishing  

Bt/eum  and  motor  

Vessels  

Outfit  

Sail  

Vessels  

Outfit  

Transpow.inf;  

Steam  ari'l  motor  

Vessels  

Outfit  

SaU  

Voaaais  

Outfit  

Boats  

Steam  and  motor  

Sail  

Bow  

Otlwr  

Apparatus  of  capture  

Vessel  fisheries  

Shore  and  boat  fisheries. . 
Shore  and  aoOMSory  property . 
Cash  


Value. 

Number. 

•2,411,000 

l.»)T.(J00 
(^,000 
356,000 
280.000 

77.000 
28.').  000 
219.  l«J 

06,000 
366,000 
329,000 
287,000 

43,000 

36,000 

:«.ooo 
:5.4<j<) 

Mi2.00U 
550,000 
34,000 

64.000 

.';.400 

57ti.000 
80,000 
496,000 
162,000 
3,000 

.575 
399 
270 

0.  365 
4,  OSS 

1,  fia 

129 

i«t 

176 
151 

2,m 
i,m 

25 

m 

0,91)9 
2,272 

2S0 
4,325 

122 

In  1908  the  total  investment  in  vessels,  boats,  and 
apparatus  of  capture  was  $2,245,000.   Of  this  amount, 

$1,007,000  represented  the  investment  in  vessels  and 
their  outfits  and  $662,000  the  investment  in  boats. 

A  prominent  feature  of  the  Maine  fisheries  is  the 
large  number  of  small  craft.  The  value  of  the  boats 
employed  in  1908  represented  27  per  cent  of  all  capital 
invested,  the  value  of  steam  and  motor  boata  alone 
forming  23  per  cent.  The  investment  in  power  craft 
of  all  kinds,  including  vessels  and  boats  with  their  out- 
fits, aggregated  $1,245«000,  or  52  per  cent  of  all  capital 
invested. 

The  statistics  for  boats  show  a  material  increase  in 
the  number  and  a  lai^e  increase  in  the  value,  as  com- 
pared with  the  returns  for  earlier  years  made  by  the 
Bureau  of  Fisheries.  Tlie  ini^ease  in  value  seems  to 
be  due  to  the  increasing  use  of  motor  boats  of  small 
tonnage.  For  1905  the  report  of  the  Bureau  of 
Fisheries  showed  only  7i)S  gasoline  boats  (including 
one  steaiiK  w  ith  a  value  of  $233,000,  while  in  1908 
the  steam  and  motor  boats  numbered  2,272,  with  a 
total  value  of  $559,000.  The  capital  invested  in  craft 
and  apparatus  of  capture  togetlier  waa  neariy  equal 
for  the  two  classes  of  fisheries,  aggregating  $1,087,000 
for  the  vessel  fisheries  and  $1,158,000  for  the  shore  and 
boat  fisheries. 

Lobster  and  eel  pots,  which  constituted  the  prin- 
cipal apparatus  used  in  the  lobster  industry,  far  ex- 
ceeded in  number  any  other  kind  of  apparatua  used 
in  the  fishing  industries  of  Maine.  Pound  and  trap 
nets  were  used  principally  in  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries,  no  pound  nets  and  only  11  trap  nets  being 
used  in  the  vessel  fisheries.  Of  the  511  seines  used, 
412  were  reported  for  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


The  following  tabular  statement  shows  the  number 
of  Tarious  kinds  of  apparatus  reported.    No  returns 
of  the  number  of  lines,  dredges,  tongs,  etc. 


Total. 

fisheries. 

IB- 
Shore  and 

IM 
U 

m 
« 

4 

1,960 
666 

m,m 

ni 

3 

153 

11 

665 
6 
4 

1,269 
80 

160.771 
644 
4U 

S 

Rfcesnd'hoop  nets  

iii 

475 
15,6M 
11 
9* 

»,  by  specim.— The  fisheries  of  the  state  of 
■  "  1W8, 173,843,000  poimds  of  products, 
with  a  value  of  $3,257,000.  AJkts^  the  eoMt  moAm 
ledges  and  rocks,  the  habitat  of  various  marine  ani- 
mals that  serve  as  food  for  many  of  the  most  important 
food  fishes,  are  the  resort  of  the  cod,  haddock,  hake 
and  other  species  known  as  "ground  fish."  The 
ivcfy  ekvaclar  ti  the  coast  makes  it  especially  suitable 
lor  tke  growth  of  lobeten»  and  the  hne(fii«  of  them 
■  earned  on  in  iMracticaDj  every  locafitj  along  the 
coast  and  has  become  by  far  the  most  important 
branch  of  the  fishing  industry  of  the  state.  In  1908 
the  lobster  product  contributed  39  per  cent  of  the  total 
value  of  all  fishery  products  of  the  state.  In  point 
«f  Tttm  the  eod  product  ranked  next,  but  this  fur- 
Mhad  only  13  per  cent  of  the  vahie  of  all  fiahery 
products,  or  fittle  more  than  one-third  as  moeh  as  the 
lobster  product.  Herring  ranked  third  in  value,  the 
large  number  of  these  fish  caught  being  utilized  mainly 
in  sardine  canneries  and  smokehouses.  The  soft- 
dam  industry  is  also  important  and  its  products  ranked 
isnidi  m  vahie  among  those  of  the  fisheries  of  the 
itefte;  bnt  OTBtm  time  far  have  not  been  soeceflsfiilly 
propagated  in  the  waters  of  Maine.  The  other  import 
tant  classes  of  product,  in  order  of  value  reported, 
were  haddock,  hake,  scallop,  pollack,  and  smelt.  The 
products  distributed  by  species  and  by  apparatus  of 
capture  are  shown  in  Table  1,  on  page  143. 

PfimU,  by  doss  of  Jisheries— The  distribution  of 
the  vafaie  of  prodnets  between  the  vend  fishmee  and 
the  shore  and  boat  firiMnee  is  ffwm  in  the  next  tab- 
ular statement. 

The  products  in  detail,  by  species  and  apparatus  of 
capture,  are  presented  for  the  vessel  fisheries  in  Table 
3,  on  page  145,  and  for  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  in 
Table  2,  on  page  144. 

The  ywmmA  fishmes,  idnle  of  considerate  impor- 
tance, are  much  less  extensive  than  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries.  In  1908  the  catch  reported  for  the  former 
was  .52.724.000  pounds,  valued  at  $898,000,  or  about 
30  per  cent  of  the  total  quantity  and  28  per  cent  of  the 
total  value  for  the  state.    The  shore  and  boat  fisheries 


reported  a  catch  of  121,119,000  pounds,  valued  at 
$2,,359,000,  or  about  70  per  cent  of  the  total  quantitj 
and  72  per  cent  of  the  total  value  for  the  state. 

In  the  vessel  fisheries  the  combined  catch  of  cod, 
herring,  haddock,  hake,  swordfish,  and  lobsters  wae 
valued  at  $742,000,  or  83  per  c&at  of  the  total  yalae  ot 
the  products  of  those  fisheries.  In  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries  the  value  of  the  lobster  catch  represented  48 
per  cent  of  the  total  value.  The  value  of  the  fish 
proper  constituted  80  per  cent  of  the  total  value  in  the 
case  of  vessel  fisheries  and  30  per  cent  in  the  case  of 
shose  and  boat  fisheries. 


Total   $3,257,000 


TAun  or 


TataL 


Cod  

Hsrtaii^.  • « 

Haddock.. 

Hake  

Pollack... 

Smelt..... 

Smxdflsh. 

Shad  

Cosk  

Mackerel.. 

Eels  

AJewives.. 

BatOnt... 

ABoUmt.. 

Lobster  

Clams  


AU 


1,631.000 
430,000 
4»,000 

243.000 
168.000 
75,000 
6.1.000 
44,000 
42,000 
32,000 
31,000 

a'i.ooo 

18,000 
15.000 
14,000 
1,200,000 
261,000 
IB,000 

t^aoo 


Vessel 


$898,000 


Shore  and 
SsImIm. 


$2,359,000 


717,000 
238,000 
05,000 
133.000 
100.000 
36.000 
2,400 
43,000 
10,000 
2(,000 
19,000 
3,700 
1,500 
11,000 
700 
134.000 
4,300 
38,000 
5,100 


914,000 
201,000 
325,000 
111,000 
68,000 
39,000 
63,000 
600 
32,000 
8,000 
12.000 
21.  (XK) 
16,000 
3,700 
13,000 
1,136,000 
247,000 

«,on 


Products,  hy  apparatus  of  capture. — The  following 
tabular  statement  shows  the  distribution  of  the  value 
of  the  fishery  products  taken  by  each  kind  of  appar 
ratus  for  the  state  as  a  whole  and  for  each  class  of 
fisheries: 


Total  

Lobster  and  eel  pots  

Lines  

Pound  nets,  trap  nets,  and 
Dredf^,  tongs,  rakes,  hoes,  ttH 

Seines  

Gill  nets,  drift  nets,  etc  

1 1  arpoons,  spears,  etc  

Bag  nets  


TMai. 

Vessel 
iUieries. 

Slion  and 

boat 
fldwriss. 

$3,257,000 

$898,000 

$2,359,000 

1.290,000 
953,000 
357,000 

347.000 
171,000 
56,000 
48.000 
22,000 
12,000 
2,200 

137,000 
529,000 
11,000 
42,000 
106,000 
27,000 
43,000 
600 
300 
400 

1,153,000 
424,000 
346,000 

«»,ooo 

6S,000 

29,000 
6,300 
21,000 
12,000 
1,800 

In  consequence  of  the  fact  that  the  lobster  is  the 
most  important  product  of  the  fisheries  of  Maine,  the 
products  caught  by  means  of  eel  and  lobster  pots 
show  the  largest  value.  IJnes  ranked  second  in 
value  of  the  catch.  They  are  used  very  generally 
along  Ihe  coast  of  Maine,  and  nearly  all  the  important 
qpedee  of  fish,  efxeq>t  herring,  shad,  and  sadi  huge 
&ih  as  stuigMn  and  awoRffiah,  are  can^t  by  tloB 
apparatus. 

Pound  nets,  trap  nets,  and  weirs  followed  fines  in 
importance  as  apparatus  of  capture.    All  of  these 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


141 


were  used  principally  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries, 
only  about  3  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  product 
taken  by  them  in  1908  coming  from  vessel  fisheries. 
Herring  contributed  more  than  four-fifths  of  the  value 
of  the  catch  by  these  forms  of  apparatus. 

Dredges,  tongs,  rakes,  hoes,  and  similar  apparatus 
ranked  fomrth  in  impOTtaiuse  as  measured  by  the  value 
of  the  product  taken;  although  used  to  some  extent  in 
vessel  fisheries,  they  were  employed  chiefly  in  shore 
and  boat  fisheries  for  taking  clams.  All  of  the  scallops 
taken  in  the  state,  valued  at  $95,000,  and  a  few 
oysters  were  also  secured  by  apparatus  of  this  kind. 

Seines  were  used  extensively  m  tiie  veesd  fisheries, 
winch  reported  neariy  two-tWrds  of  the  total  value 
of  the  caAch  made  by  this  apparatus.  The  principal 
species  caught  by  seines  were  herring,  pollack,  smelt, 
mackerel,  and  shad. 

Gill  nets  and  drift  nets  were  used  to  nearly  the 
same  extent  in  vessel  fidberies  and  shore  and  boat 
fisheries.  Ths  total  catch  taken  by  these  nets  weighed 
1,404,000  pounds  and  was  valued  at  $56,000.  It 
indhlded  mackerel,  herring,  shad,  cod,  and  smelt,  with 
a  oombined  value  of  $52,000,  and  six  other  spedes 
aggregating  in  value  -$.3,600. 

The  principal  species  taken  with  harpoons  and  spears 
was  the  swordfish.  By  these  implements  were  also 
captured  seals,  from  which  came  dons  Bad  ofl;  pop> 
poises,  taken  for  tbrar  dl;  and  eeb. 

JjobtUr, — Measured  by  value  of  products  lobster 
WHt9  the  most  important  fishery  product  of  the  state  in 
1908,  and,  although  the  weight  of  the  total  catch  was 
less  than  in  1902,  by  2,234,000  pounds,  or  18  per  cent, 
its  value  was  greater  by  $203,000,  or  16  per  cent.  It  is 
interesting  to  note  that  the  total  cateh  in  1880  was 
14,234,000  pounds— a  much  larger  quantity  than  in 
X908— but  its  value  to  the  fishermen  was  only  $269,000. 
Lobsters  are  taken  principally  in  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries.  In  1908  this  class  of  fisheries  reported 
8,898,000  pounds,  valued  at  $1,136,000,  whereas  only 
1,031,000  pounds,  with  a  value  of  $134,000,  were  taken 
in  the  vesiisl  fisheriea. 

Ooi, — The  catoh  of  cod  ranked  next  to  the  lobster 
product  in  value  and  was  the  largest  in  quantity 
reported  for  any  of  the  so-called  "ground  fish"  (cod, 
haddock,  hake,  hahbut,  pollack,  and  cusk).  In  all, 
20,013,000  pounds  of  cod  were  caught,  with  a  value  of 
$439,000,  or  13  per  cent  of  the  value  of  all  fishery 
products  of  the  state.  The  eatdi  in  1908  vqiiesents 
an  ineieaae  of  about  15  per  oent  in  weight  and  neariy 
17  per  cent  in  value  over  <he  catch  in  1902,  which 
amounted  to  17,390,000  pounds,  valued  at  $377,000. 
The  product  of  1908  was  almost  equally  divided  be- 
tween the  vessel  and  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  the 
quantity  taken  in  the  former  being  9,951,000  pounds 
and  that  taken  in  the  latter  10,063,000  pounds,  or 
onty  1  per  cent  more.  Tet  the  value  of  the  lesser 
catch  of  the  vessel  fisheries,  $238,000,  was  15  per  cent 
gieater  than  the  value  ot  the  catch  from  the  shore 


and  boat  fisheries,  which  was  $201,000.  It  is  of 
interest  to  note  in  this  connection  that  in  1902  the 
Bureau  of  Fisheries  reported  a  large  difierraice  in  the 
amount  of  cod  taken  in  shore  and  boat  fidheciea  aa 
compared  with  vessel  fisheries,  the  product  of  the 
latter  being  12,621,000  pounds,  valued  at  $286,000, 
and  that  of  the  former  only  4,769,000  pounds,  valued 
at  $91,000.  Nearly  87  per  cent  of  the  catch  was  sold 
fresh  and  the  remainder  was  salted.  Practically 
the  entire  product  was  taken  by  hand  and  trawl 
lines. 

ff^rrin^.— Herring  fishing  in  important  in  the  state 
of  Maine,  and  this  fish  in  1908  raiSked  first  among  the 
fishery  products  of  the  state  in  quantity  and  third  in 
value.  The  value  of  the  product  represented  13  per 
cent  of  the  value  of  the  aggregate  product  for  the 
state.  Since  1902  there  has  been  a  decrease  of 
69,419,000  pounds,  or  nearly  43  per  cent,  in  the  total 
catch,  and  of  $90,000,  or  neariy  18  per  cent,  in  ita 
value.  The  herring  fishery  is  principally  a  than 
fishery;  in  1908,  75,638,000  pounds  of  herring  were 
taken  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  with  a  value  of 
$325,000,  or  over  77  per  cent  of  tlie  total  value  of  the 
herring  taken  in  Maine.  Ninety-six  per  cent  of  the 
catch  was  sold  fresh  and  the  remainder  salted  or 
smoked.  The  greater  part  of  the  total  quantity— 
66,826,000  pounds,  valued  at  $287,000,  or  over  68  per 
cent  of  the  total  value  of  herring — was  taken  in  pound 
nets,  trap  nets,  and  weirs.  About  27  per  cent  of  the 
value  represents  the  value  of  the  catch  made  with 
seines.  Herring,  as  already  stated,  are  utilized 
mainly  in  sardine  canneries  and  smoki^ouses,  but  thej 
are  also  to  some  extoit  sold  salted  and  are  used  for 
bait  in  trawl  and  hand-line  fidiing. 

•Ohms. — ^For  the  clam  product  a  considerable  in- 
crease in  value  is  shown  in  the  last  few'  years,  and  in 
1908  it  stood  in  this  respect  next  to  herring.  In  this 
report  both  the  fresh  clams  sold  for  food  and  for 
canning  and  the  salted  clams  sold  for  bait  are  included 
under  the  tenn  "soft  danM."  The  total  yield  of 
clams  in  1908  was  5,061,000  pounds,  valued  at 
$251,000;  in  1905,  3,729,000  pounds,  valued  at 
$135,000;  and  in  1902,  5,547,000  pounds,  valued  at 
$194,000.  There  was  a  decline  in  the  product  from 
1902  to  1905,  amounting  to  33  per  cent  in  quantity  and 
nearly  31  per  cent  in  value,  but  an  increase  from  1905 
to  1908  made  the  total  quantity  in  1908  less  than  9 
per  cent  amallflr  than  in  1902  and  the  total  valne  29 
per  cent  more.  Clams  ranked  third  in  value  among 
the  products  of  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  less  than 
2  per  cent  of  the  clam  product  being  taken  in  the  vessel 
fisheries. 

Haddock. — In  value  of  the  catch  the  haddock  ranked 
next  to  the  cod  among  the  "grouild  fish,"  and  fiifth 
among  all  spedes  of  the  state.  The  catch  was  slightly 
laigw  in  the  venscl  fisheries  than  in  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries  and  proportionately  more  valuable.  It  was 
practically  all  sold  fresh.   Since  1902  there  has  been 


14fi 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


an  increase  of  50  per  cent  in  the  quantity  of  the  catch 
of  this  fish  together  with  an  increase  of  nearly  95  per 
Mil  bk  ikt  Taliie.  Lines  were  the  principal  kind  of 
•PIMtfmtas  ined  in  the  cftptmv  of  hacklock. 

Bake. — ^The  hake  was  an  importent  spedes  of 
"^imd  fish"  taken  in  Maine,  and  in  quantity  re- 
ported ranked  next  to  the  cod  in  190S  and  third  among 
all  the  species  taken  in  the  state.    The  most  prolific 
hake  fishing  grounds  in  the  United  States  are  ofF  the 
eoaatof  llauie,  and  more  than  50  per  cent  of  the  hake 
c«m^t  in  the  United  States  eomes  from  thero.  The 
MMRnen  usuaUy  dress  Umm  fish  belote  B^Bktg  ihtm. 
Formerly  the  sounds  were  very  valuable  for  the  manu- 
facture of  glue,  and  although  their  value  for  this 
purpose  has  decreased,  the  custom  of  dressing  the  hake, 
begun  before  the  Civil  War,  has  continued.  The 
ytinm  of  the  hake  product  in  1908  formed  5  per  cent  of 
UtoTakwoffalliAnypffodBetsolMMiw.  Compared 
with  the  1902  product  that  of  1906  npnatnted  *  de- 
cmaae  of  7  per  cent  in  quantity  but  an  increase  of 
nearly  16  per  cent  in  value.    The  hake  was  taken  in 
the  vessel  fisiieries  to  a  greater  extent  than  in  the  shore 
and  boat  fisheries,  the  total  quantity  caught  by  ves- 
arii  m  1906  oowtitutii^  about  60  per  cent  of  all  hake 
•■■1^*  >■  •fc*  lines  wen  the  leading  apparatus 

of  capture  employed. 

Scallops. — Although  scjillops  have  been  taken  in  the 
other  New  England  states  for  a  number  of  years,  the 
industry  is  comparatively  new  in  Maine.  The  water 
in  which  they  are  taken  is  of  great  depth,  and  for  this 
wmmm  aeiAip  &hiiig  was  not  modi  carried  on  in  this 
I^BMS  *1»  few  years,  howerer,  the 
Adrwt  of  motor  boats  for  dragging  and  of  the  motor 
«igines  and  drum  for  hoisting  the  dredge  has  over- 
come the  diflficulties  due  to  the  deep  water  and  led  to 
a  marked  increase  in  product.  In  1908  scallops  stood 
seventh  in  value  among  the  species  taken  in  the  state. 
BadHnre  of  1^000  pomids  <rf  scallop  rims,  with  a 
^talM  «f  $100,  the  total  prodnet  in  1906  was  1,239,000 
poands,  with  a  value  of  $95,000.  In  1905  the  total 
^nntity  was  416,000  pounds,  valued  at  $52,000,  and 
m  1902,  115,000  pounds,  valued  at  $14,000.  The 


product  of  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  amounted  to 
766,000  pounds,  valued  at  $58,000.  The  entire  catch 
was  made  by  dredges,  tongs,  rakes,  hoes,  and  similar 
apparatus. 

FoOodfc.— The  value  of  the  catch  of  pollack  increased 
bom  $49,000  in  1902  to  $75,000  m  1908,  or  more  than 

53  per  cent.  The  value  of  the  product  in  1908 
amounted  to  four  times  the  value  of  that  of  1898. 
This  fish  Ls  reported  in  nearly  ecpial  quantities  by  the 
vessel  fisheries  and  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  and  is 
taken  principally  by  means  of  lines  and  seines. 

i8iiMir.~-jUthough  the  catch  of  smelt  represented 
but  2  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  fishery  products  of 
the  state  in  1908,  smelt  fishing  is  r^arded  as  important 
because  it  furnishes  employment  to  a  large  number  of 
men  in  the  fall  and  winter  months.  In  the  fall  prin- 
cipally seines  are  used  in  taking  the  catch,  but  in  the 
winter  the  fish  are  taken  through  the  ice  with  lines 
and  th»  fishing  grounds  are  usually  some  distance  up 
the  livers.  Sinoe  1902  there  has  been  a  deeroase  of  42 
per  cent  in  the  quantity  of  the  catch  and  37  per  cent 
in  its  value.  There  has  been  a  slight  increase  since 
1905,  however,  in  both  quantity  and  value.  Over 
96  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  catch  was  report  ed  by 
the  tiion  and  boat  fisheries.  Other  apparatus  besides 
seines  and  Imea  used  in  capturing  this  fish  are  bag  nets, 
pound  nets,  trap  nets,  weirs,  and  to  a  less  extent,  dq> 
nets,  gill  nets,  and  drift  nets.  The  figures  given  for 
smelt  in  the  columns  headed  "All  other  apparatus"  in 
Table  1,  on  page  143,  represent  the  catch  in  bag  nets. 

Mackerel. — The  mackerel  w  as  formerly  very  abun- 
dant m  the  watera  of  Maine,  but  the  catch  for  1908 
was  only  380,000  pounds.  Hie  vafaie  of  the  eatdi  was 
$31,000,  a  deereaae  of  09  per  oMit  since  1902,  wbm  H 
was  $101,000. 

Salmon. — Salmon  fishing  also  has  been  decreasing 
in  importance  yearly,  the  catch  in  1908  being  72  per 
cent  less  in  value  than  that  in  1902.  The  salmon  is  a 
migratory  Gah  and  formerly  came  to  the  Maine  waters 
to  apewn,  but  it  is  asMrted  thai,  owing  to  the  poUution 
of  the  waters,  it  is  now  impossible  tat  the  fiih  to  leedi 
the  upmwauig  bade  in  the  Ireah  waicr. 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

Table  1.— MAINE— FISHERY  PRODUCTS:  1908. 


143 


Total. 


Btitterfiili. 

Catfish  

Cod  

Cunner  


Ciisk  

Eels  

Flounders. 
Haddock. . 


Halibnt. . 
Herring.. 
MMkenl. 


Pollack. 
Saluiuii. 


SO  VM  hake. 


Smelt  

Strii«d  bass. . 

Stiir(,'eon  

Caviar  


Sockers. .. 

Swordfish. 
Tonicod. .. 
.\ll  other. . 


Livers. . 
Sooiids. 


ToftlH. 


aaft. 


OjFileR,  narket,  from 
pabUe  areas  

Scallops  aad  acaUop 
rims  

Squid   


OU,  fish  

Oil,  porpoise. 

OiLseal  

SUM,  ML... 


TOMt. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


173,843.000  «3, 2.57,000 


Value. 


2,0S5,n00 
(■,,400 
13.000 
20.013.000 
93,000 

2,078,000 
49s.  0(K) 
31,0(X) 
10,S13,000 
17,118,000 

200,000 
92,985,000 
380,000 
2,700 

8,941,000 
19,000 
770,000 
25,000 

GM,000 
2,100 
8,200 
100 

58,000 

■MS,  000 
117.000 
14,000 

52,000 
23,000 
0,00,000 
1,400 
«S,«01,000 


»  1,000 

•1,287,000 

6, 100 

'83,000 
•8,000 
•4,000 
1*1,000 


IS. 000 
300 
100 
439. (KX) 
l,r,00 

■32.000 
2,").  000 

«;o() 
243,000 
108,000 

16,000 
420,000 

n,ooo 
m 

75,000 
3,700 


PROnUCT  CAUGHT  BY- 


100 

«S,000 
400 

1,000 
100 

900 

44.000 
4.riOO 
300 

500 
1,000 
1,280,000 
000 
301,000 


200 

06,000 

(») 


3,600 
800 
400 

2,200 


IJtff 

Pound  nets,  trap 
nets,  and  min. 

Seines. 

Gilt  BSftl,  drift 
nsta,  etc. 

Dip  nets. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Qnantl^ 

(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 

(pounds). 

(.9,021,000 

$357,000 

27,877,000 

«I71.000 

1,404,000 

S."n..000  2,044.000 

itl2,000 

117,010,000 

•1,709,000 

1.290,000 
5,900 

11,000 
300 

157,000 

638,000 

4,200 

500 

(*) 

13,000 

100 
4oU,(N)U 

103,000 

2,200 

27H  nm 

•do,  w 

6,900 

1 

93,000 

1,600 

2,078,000 
1,200 
VfWO 

10,454,000 
17,K7,«W 

200,000 

32,000 
100 
100 
242,000 
108,000 

16.000 

44,000 

2.400 

9,600 

600 

443,000 
18,000 

22,000 

4,000 

100 

"'"afi'ono' 

■"'ioo' 

23,000 
11,000 

500 
100 

66,826,000 
03,000 

287,000 
4,800 

24,010,000 
125,000 

114,000 
10,000 

723,000 
193,000 

14.000 
16.000 

1,307,000 

4,700 

50.000 

i>,fW 

5,229,000 
2,200 

51,000 
200 

70S.  000 
0,000 
316,000 
25,000 

113.000 
1.400 
4.500 

W 

56,000 

5.600 
1,500 
25,000 
100 

14,000 
200 
500 
(») 

000 

2,903,000 

19,000 

11.000 
9,500 
114,000 

100 
1,700 
9,900 

1,000 

eoo 

(') 

200 

700 

100 

340. 0<K) 

7,000 

80,000 

9,700 

222,000 

17,000 

34,000 

700 
3.700 
100 

4.700 

20(( 

29.000 

2.300 

167,000 

17,000 

.VHI 
lUO 

1,.500 
513.000 
50,000 

(») 

44,000 
3,600 

19.(KK) 
14.  (XN) 

52,000 
23,000 

.■^.00 
300 

500 
1,000 

20.(X)0 
200 

20U 
(») 

18,000 

200 

9,929^000 
1,400 
•  6,061,000 

M.OOO 
•1,257,000 

i,2oe,'666 

060 
251,000 

300 
M,O0B 



6,100 

(») 

83,000 

3,000 

•8.000 
•4,000 
•■1,000 

800 

m 

3.300 

(») 

(•) 

>  fadndee  spparat^  with  catch,  as  fdUowB: 
barpoons,  spears,  etc.,  BO^oppopad^  vaload  at 

10,OiD0  pounds,  valued  at 

•  Less  than  $100. 

•  Less  than  100  poOBdL 

•  606,000  bushels. 


Lobster  and  eel  pots,  10,361,000  pounds,  yatawd  at  tl^flOft; 

§41,000;  b«| aatL  SBIiiOOO pounds,  valued  aX\  

"    UjODBpnoini,  iwiaiaat  $400. 

5  200  bushels. 
«  1.t5,000  gallons. 
'11,000  gallons. 


,  •le,«<J10unO  pounds,  valued  at  $347,000; 


« 1.100  eailona. 
» .KX)  gallons. 
'•500 skins. 


144 


FI8HERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1906. 

Tam»  S.— MAINE— products  OF  SHORE  AND  BOAT  FISHERIES:  1908. 


m,  119,000 


AIbwIics,   

Alewives.  salted.. 
.Uewires.smoked. 


,  fresh. 
Cask.aytted.. 

Eeis  


Haddock,  salted. 

Hake,  fresh  

Hake,  salted  

HaUbat  

Umlag.  fresh... 
Bcnteg.  salted.. 
Baring,  smoked 

Mackerel.  Tiesh.. 
Mackerel,  salted. 

Pickerel  

,  fresh.... 
.aalted... 


Sturgeon.. 

Caviar  

Sockers. . . 
Bwordflsh. 


U«cn  

flimds.  fresh  

flounds.  saiM.. 

Lobster  .... 

Tnrtles  


tltj 


1,751,000 
112,000 
192.000 
S.900 

c»m 

9,806,000 

107,000 
90,000 
520,000 
4,100 

414,000 
31,000 
4,753,000 
48,000 
6,947,000 
245,000 

47,000 
74,558,000 
851,000 

234,000 

155,000 
2,200 
2,700 
3,770.000 

448,000 

19.000 
370,000 

17,000 
024,000 

%m 
m 

57,000 
8,000 
100,000 


800 
1,100 
2.800 
8.898.000 
1.400 

*  4,961,000 

*  1,000 


Value. 


82,350,000 


11,000 
2.000 
3,400 

100 

*196,000 

5,500 
1,600 
7,900 
100 

21,000 
000 
110,000 
1,000 
64,000 
3,500 

3,700 
816,000 
6,200 
2,900 

12.000 
200 
300 

33.000 
6.000 

3.700 
32,000 
100 
63,000 


1,000 
100 

900 
600 
4,100 


(») 

100 
100 
1,136,000 
600 

247,000 


Quantity 
(poands). 


800 


25,461,000 


5,800 

9,588,000 
167,000 

"526,066 
4.100 

1.200 
9,600 
4,604,000 
48,000 
6,937.000 
245.000 

47,000 


2.700 
2,873.000 
216,000 

2,200 
'  80,666 


8,000 

800 
1,100 
2,800 


1 


Value. 


»e4,ooo 


100 

188,000 
5,500 

"7,966 
100 

100 
100 
108,000 
1,000 
64,000 
3,500 

3,700 


300 
27,000 
3,300 

200 
"9,766 


aoo 


(») 


100 

100 


Pound  nets,  trap 


Qanttty 
(poands). 


1,052,000 
64,000 
174,000 
4400 


103,000 


44,000 

23,666 
'ii'toi 


Value. 


Quantit; 
(pounda) 


40,000 
234,000 

61,000 


twO.OOO 
33,000 

6,000 

246,000 
17,000 
113,000 

i,m 

4,500 

(•) 

55,000 


20,000 


5,300 


88«,000 


6,600 
1,500 
2,700 

aoo 


9,562.000 


127,000 


2,400 


500 


300 
2,900 

4,Tn 


4.71)0 
900 

1,500 
22,000 
100 
14,000 


(») 


500 


900 


200 


(*) 


4,000 


811,000 


38,000 

200.000 


10,000 
198,666 


18,000 


Value. 


863,000 


1,300 


100 


5,900 


2,600 
200 

'i,'466 

1,800 


200 

i5,'666 


200 


Gill  nets,  drift 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


538,000 


flOO 


204,000 


36,000 


«i,oee 

'ii,'666 


9,500 
114,000 

"  '34,066 
700 

3,700 
100 


Value. 


$29,000 


5,200 


1,000 


5,000 

"ioo 


1,700 
9,900 

"4,766 
200 

500 
100 


Dip 


Quantity 
(pounds) 


1,956,000 


572,000 
48.000 
18.000 


9,600 


700 
29,066 


Value. 


812,000 


2,900 
600 
700 


600 


100 

'2,366 


AH 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


15,403.000 


90,000 


350,000 
18,000 


1,000 


600 

"i62,666 


1,.500 
8,000 
53,000 


8,898,000 
1,400 

«  4,961,000 

*  1,000 

•784,000 


'8,000 
•  4,000 
•1.600 


Value. 


81,486,000 


••••••• 


•••••••• 

•••••••• 


18,000 
«0 


aoo 
'ir.ow 


(') 

600 
3,800 


1,136,000 
600 

247,000 


800 
400 

2,200 


*  toriodw  apparatus,  with 
lat 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

Tabus  3.— MAINE— PRODUCTS  OF  VESSEL  FISHERIES;  1908. 


lis 


Total. 


liali: 


Alewives,  firedi... ........... 

Catfish  

Cod,  fresh  

Cod,  salted  

Cusk,  fresh  

Cusk,  salted  

]Bds    .  • .  •  ■•■•>>■>•■■••••••■ 

Haddock,  fresh  

Haddock,  saltiEd  

tCftlcCf  Ircflh* 


HaUbat  

Bcfrlng.  fresh. . 

Bnring,  salted. 
Mackerel,  fresh. 
Ftdlack,  l^esh. 


Sbad,  I 
Shad,  salted. 

Smelt  

Swordflsh... 
Tomood  

An* 


Livers  

Sotmds  

Lobster  

Clams,  soft  

Scallops  

Squid  

Oil,  fish  


TOTAL. 


QnantitT 
(poondi). 


52,734,000 


30,000 
7.000 
7,489,000 
2,461,000 
1,519,000 

35,000 

84.000 
5,691,000 
21.000 
10,156,000 
50,000 

153.000 
14,635,000 
2,711,000 
224,000 
4,707,000 
M,«08 

141.000 
258,000 
29,000 
505,000 
17,000 
36»08» 

51,000 
19,000 
1,031,000 
3  100,000 
< 473. 000 
800 
•83,000 


Value. 


8818,000 


1,500 
100 

155.000 
83,000 
23.000 
800 

3,700 
132.000 
300 
99,000 
700 

11.000 
73,000 
22,000 
19,000 
36,000 
300 

3,800 
6.500 
2,400 
43,000 
500 
300 

500 
800 
134,000 
4,300 
38.000 
(«) 

3.600 


noDUCT  cxveax  by— 


Lines. 

Seines. 

OUliieta,dtlit 
nets,  etc. 

Paond  nets,  trap 
nrta,  and  weirs. 

All  other  appfr 
ratus.1 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

^^uauuifV 

Value. 

20,838,000 

8530.000 

18,315,000 

8108,000 

808,000 

887,800 

1,«,«80 

811,000 

2.295.000 

8223,088 

 7,666' 

7,415,000 
2,461,000 
1,519,000 
35,000 

'5,691,066' 
21,000 

10,156,000 
50,000 

153,000 

 ioo 

153.000 
83.000 
23.000 
800 

"'m'.bob' 

300 
99,000 
700 

11,000 

ao  floo 

1,500 

"hooo' 

"l'too" 

84.000 

.......... 

8, 780 

2,224,000 
90,000 
2,577,000 

72,000 
258,000 
24,000 

15.000 
7,200 
16.000 

1.000 
6,500 
2,000 

448,000 
132,000 

7,400 
11,000 

40,000 

300 

l.COO 
5.600 

69,000 

100 
100 

2,800 

2,125,000 
16,000 

20.000 
300 

5,200 
5a5,()(N) 
6,000 
3,000 

400 

43,000 
200 



11.000 
13,000 

51,000 
19,000 

300 
200 

500 
800 

" '9,'ao6' 

"166' 



134.000 
4.. 100 
38,000 

>  HKt.CKK) 
« 473,000 

'"'•83.' 666' 

""s.'eoo" 

 806' 

ilnclndeia] 
tongs,  etb, 
at  8400. 

8~ 


MABTUkVD. 

In  respect  to  fisheries  Maiyland  stands  hi^  among 

the  states,  ranking  fifth  m  1908,  with  a  product  valued 
at  $3,306,000.  Likewise  the  fisheries  of  Maryland 
rank  high  among  tlie  industries  of  the  state.  Chesa- 
peake Bay  and  its  tributary  streams,  the  Potomac, 
Susquehanna,  Fatuxent,  Choptank,  Nanticoke,  and 
kwwnr  riven,  f  <wm  the  greatest  oyster  aiea  in  the  worid. 
In  1908  the  yalne  of  the  oyster  product  ocmstituted 
two-thirds  of  Urn  total  Tsliie  of  the  fabmj  pfodnet  of 
the  state. 

The  fishing  grounds  of  Maryland  are  naturally 
divided  into  two  districts  comprising  those  of  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  and  those  of  Chesapeake  Bay  and  its 
triho^ny  ynUm.  Ab  the  water  front  of  thestateon 
Chesapeake  Bay  and  its  tributaries  is  mw^  more 
extensive  than  the  Atlantic  water  front,  the  Chesa- 
peake Bay  fisheries  are  much  more  important  than 
those  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  which  in  1 908  contributed 
only  4  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  fishery  products 
for  the  state. 

The  fdlowing  statement  gives  a  general  summary 
of  the  statwtks  of  the  state's  fisheries  for  1908: 

Number  of  penowempioyad   18,S92 

Capital : 

Vesselo  and  boats,  including  outfit  $1, 644, 000 

Appaiatufl  ai  aq^tuie   809, 000 

Shore  and  accoaaoy  ptopeftyaad  csob.   86, 000 

Value  of  products   8,306,000 

76786*— U  10 


Comparison  with  previous  canvasses. — A  comparison 
of  the  general  statistics  for  different  years  shows  con- 
siderable fluctuations.  The  following  tabular  state- 
ment gives  the  number  of  persons  employed,  exclusive 
of  shoresmen,  the  capital  invested,  and  the  products, 
as  shown  by  the  eensos  retums  for  1880  tad  1008  ud 
the  reports  of  the  Bonaii  of  Fisheries  lor  1801, 1M7, 
and  1904: 


TEAM. 

Persons 

em- 
ployed. 

TAUn  or  ■OUiMMIt. 

TotaL 

Vessels 
and  boats, 

ln/»liiHlng 

•unit. 

Appara- 
tus of 
Oiptare. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

ValM. 

1908  

1904  

1807  

im  

1888  

18,316 
20,054 
20,627 
28,200 
18,878 

82,013,000 

1,870,000 
2,303.000 
2,8U,0Q0 

81,644,000 
1,584,000 
1,007,000 
3,«8,000 
1.886,000 

8300,000 
338,000 
396,000 
405,000 
297.000 

113.796,000 
81.188.000 
88,888.000 

141,178.000 
05,718.000 

83,306,000 
8.887,000 
8.017,000 

iS8 

Persons  employed. — The  statistics  of  the  persons 
employed  in  the  fisheries  of  the  state  in  1908  are  shown ' 
in  the  next  tabular  statement. 

All  the  shoresmen  were  coimected  with  shore  and 
b();»t  fisheries.  In  this  class  of  fislieries  13,326  persons 
were  employed,  as  c<)mi)ared  with  only  4,046  persons 
in  vessel  fisheries  and  l,Oi:0  on  transporting  vessels. 
Wage-earners  outnumbered  proprieton  and  independ- 
ent fishermen  by  only  a  small  peroenftage.  The  0,948 
salaried  employees  and  wage-eamecs  were  paid  in  cadi 
and  provisions  $1,036,000,  an  amount  equal  to  31  per 
cent  of  the  value  of  the  fishery  pn>diiolt» 


IjUI 


WW 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


fuuHMw  uifunruK  ML 

Salaries  and  wages. 

ToUL 

Proprietors 

and  in- 
1  a-y— «— * 

Satoned^ 

Wage- 

1  Total. 

Salaries. 

WafHk 

Total  

18.302 

•8,444 

6 

9,942 

1  Sl,036,000 

tl,000 

« 11,035,000 

4,046 
1,000 
13,250 
76 

607 
305 
7,532 

3,439 
715 
5.712 
76 

374,000 
101,000 
557,000 
5,200 

374,000 
101,000 
556,000 
6,200 

6 

1,000 

CkMpaake  Bav  district  

17,806 

8, 154 

6 

9,646 

991.000 

1,000 

990,000 

Vessd  flaberies  

4,046 
»75 
12,709 
76 

586 

607 
276 
7,271 

3,439 
699 
5,432 
76 

296 

374,000 
99,000 
513,000 
5,200 

45,000 

374,000 
99,000 
512,000 

«,aoo 

45,000 

Shore  ad  taal  fttate.  

6 

1,000 

Attatic  Ocean  district  

290 

45 
ftU 

39 

an 

16 

m 

1,200 
44,000 

44.IM 

Equipment  and  other  capital. — The  foDowing  tables 
give  the  value  of  equipment  and  capital  in  1908  as  dis- 

boats,  appMKtaB  of  capture, 
]»opflHj,  and  cash,  for  the  state 
as  a  whole  and  for  ilia  Atkntie  Oeaaii  and  nwoapeake 


Mb,  tneludlug  oatfit. . 

yirfiing  

Ste^^^d  motor. 

Ontflt — .  . 

lii]  

Vessels  

Outfit  


aril. 


^^Mdmotor... 
OwWt  ......... 


VesKte. 

Outfit. . 


and  nMMor. 


Otfaer  

ApparmtOB  of  capture.  

Vessel  fisheries  

Shore  and  boat  fisheries . . 

r  property. 


S2, 099, 000 


1,001,000 
598,000 
06,000 
50,000 
15.000 
528.000 
406,000 
122,000 
406,000 
24,000 
22,000 
2,100 
383,000 
843,000 
40,000 
644,000 
220,000 
384,000 
31,000 
9,300 
809,000 
51,000 
818,000 
80,000 


Chesa- 
peake Bay 
district. 


82,019,000 


986,000 
593,000 
65,000 
50,000 
15,000 
528,000 
406,000 
122,000 
392,000 
23,000 
21,000 
2,000 
390,000 
330,000 
39,000 
615,000 
200,000 
378,000 
29,000 
8,000 
335,000 
51,000 
284,000 
77,000 
6,500 


Atlantic 
Ocean 
district. 


180,000 


15,000 


15,000 
1.100 
1,000 
100 
14,000 
13,000 
1.000 
28,000 
20,000 
5,200 
1,300 
1,300 
34,000 


34,000 
2,400 


Tike  statistics  ocmeeming  the  number  and  tonnage 
of  vessels  and  the  number  of  boats  U«  shown  in  the 
first  tabular  statement  following. 

Of  the  total  capital  invested,  $1,644,000,  or  78  per 
oent,  represented  the  value  of  vessels  and  boats,  includ- 
■V  owtit  Of  tiia  nmamder,  the  mrestment  in  ap- 
of  ciqitiire  was  the  hugest  item,  havii^  a 
of  $360,000,  and  this  was  followed  by  shore  and 
property,  with  a  value  of  $80,000.  The  dis- 
tribution of  the  apparatus  of  capture  by  districts  and 
by  class  of  fisheries  is  shown  in  the  second  tabular  state- 
ment following. 


*  iMtadM  fiwiMau  itaraialMd  to  tbe  valoe  of  8159/X)a 


iber  

number  

Steam  and  motor- 
Number  

Toonage  

NanlMr...  

Tonnage.  

TnnqMTting,  mmlMr . 
Steam  and  motor- 
Number  

Tonnage  

Number  

Tonnage  

•Bd  motor  


TMal. 


1,107 
757 

21 
310 

736 
7,061 
350 

17 
134 

333 
7,813 
8,493 

852 
5,238 
2,135 

268 


Chesa-  Atlantic 
peake  Bay  '  Ocean 
district.  district. 


1,091 
757 

21 
310 

736 

7,oaai 

SS4 

16 

127 

318 
7,644 
8,142 

783 
5,164 
2,072 

123 


1 

7 

15 
M8 

8S1 
09 
74 
68 

1« 


Bow  nets  

Dip  nets  

Fyke  and  boop  nets. 

Gill  nets  

Eel  pots. 


innuufim  or  omon:  ma 


524 
079 
818 
664 
364 
185 
U 


Distribated  by 
districts. 


Chesa- 
peake 
Bay 
district. 


50 
1,494 
5.079 
4.149 
4,214 
1,347 
150 
18 


Atlantic 
Ocean 
district 


Distribated  by 


Vessel 
fisheries. 


30 


669 
450 
17 
36 


380 
144 
1,435 
89 
12 

a 


80 

1,824 
4,699 
4,674 
3,220 
1,276 
178 
18 

a8^8« 


Products,  hi/  species. — The  products  are  given,  by 
species  and  by  apparatus  of  capture,  in  Table  1  on 
page  149.  Oysters  ranked  first  both  in  quantity  and 
in  value.  On  the  basis  of  quantity  the  species  next 
in  order  were  alewives,  or  rirw  hnrhig,  with  a  prodnei 
of  nmtfy  29,000,000  pounds;  eraba,  wHh  over 
20,000,000  pounds;  menhaden,  with  over  12,000,000 
pounds;  and  shad,  with  nearly  4,000,000  pounds.  On 
the  basis  of  value  the  leading  species  after  oysters 
were  crabs,  shad,  and  alewives,  in  the  order  named. 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


147 


The  heavy  catdi  of  menhaden  stood  relatively  low  in 
value,  and  was  exceeded  in  this  respeet  hy  striped 
hass,  squeteague,  and  muskrat  skins. 

Products,  hy  fishing  (jrounds. — Table  2,  on  page  150, 
gives  the  products  of  the  Maryland  fisheries  in  the 
Chesapeake  Bay  district  by  species  and  by  apparatus 
of  capture,  and  Table  3,  on  page  151,  gives  similar 
statistics  for  the  Maryland  fisheries  of  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  all  of  which  were  of  the  shore  and  boat  class. 
For  the  Chesapeake  Bay  district  the  leading  products, 
in  the  order  of  value,  were  the  same  as  those  already 
noted  for  the  state,  namely,  oysters,  crabs,  shad,  and 
alewives;  while  for  the  Atlantic  Ocean  fisheriea  the 
leading  products  with  respect  to  vahie  ware  sfpieteague, 
oysters,  sturgeon  Qncfaidiiig  eaviar),  and  yeilow  perch, 
m  the  order  named. 


Ffdi  

Sbad  

Alewives,  or  rivsrber- 
rinR  

Striped  hass  

Squet«a^c,  orsea  trout. 

Perch,  white  

MeohadsB  

Pendi,  yellow  

Catfish  

Sturgeon,  caviar,  and 
sturgeon  eggs  

Eels  

All  other  

Oyitefs  

Market  ,  

Seed  

Crabs  

Clams  

Skins,  muskrat  and  otter . . 
All  other*  


VAI.UE  OF  products:  1906. 


084,000 
247,000 

157,000 
65,000 
47,000 
30.000 
30,000 
22,000 
18.000 

16,000 
13,000 
40,000 
2,228,000 
2,127,000 
101,000 
319,000 
16,000 
50.000 
7,800 


602.000 
247,000 

155,000 
62,000 
0,800 
28,000 

30,000 
15,000 
18,000 

1,600 
12,000 
17,000 

2,205.000 
2,113,000 
92,000 
319,000 
15,000 
50,000 
0,400 


1,100 
3,500 
40,000 
2,400 
400 
7,200 


.  f7,000 
R  80,000 

4,600 
3,700 
100 
1,600 
30.000 
400 
800 


14,000 
600 

22,000 
24,000 
14,000 

9,600 
100 

1,400 


1,400 


1,800 

686,000 
676,000 
9,600 
UyOOO 


618,000 
227,000 

152,000 
61,000 
46,000 

29.000 
400 

■S2,  (100 
18.000 

16,000 
7,800 
88,000 

1,543,000 
1.451,000 
92.000 
305.000 
16,000 
50,000 
»  7,800 


» ^^Ss^pRSticts  valued  as  follows:  Tempin,  180ft  tartias,MO; 

■quid,  8200;  and  sea  grass,  SI, 700. 

Products,  hy  doss  of  fisheries. — Table  4,  on  page  151 , 
gives  the  products  for  1908,  by  species  and  by  appa- 
ratus of  capture,  for  the  vessel  fisheries  of  the  state, 
all  of  which  are  confined  to  the  Chesapeake  Bay  dis- 
trict, and  Table  5,  on  page  152,  gives  smilar  data  for 
the  shofe  and  boat  fidieries.  In  the  latter  the  four 
l^^ading  species — oysters,  crabs,  shad,  and  alewives — 
aggregated  81,019,000  pounds,  or  94  per  cent  of  the 
total  product,  and  their  combined  value  was  $2,226,000, 
or  88  per  cent  of  the  total.  Oysters  alone  contributed 
89  per  cent  to  the  total  value  of  products  of  the  vessel 
fisheries  and  61  per  cent  to  the  total  value  of  produeta 
of  the  shore  and  boat  fiidieries.  Of  the  value  of  the 
Ifsiyland  oyster  product,  31  per  cent  was  reported  by 
the  vessel  fisheries  and  69  per  cent  by  the  shore  and 
boat  fisheries.  Practically  the  entire  catch  of  men- 
haden was  made  by  vessels.  With  the  exception  of 
oysters  and  menhaden,  the  catch  by  vessels  was  small, 


compared  with  that  of  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 
The  products  of  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  of  the 
Chesapeake  Bay  district,  wliich  in  the  aggregate 
amounted  to  83,247,000  pounds,  having  a  value  of 
$2,420,000,  can  readily  be  ascertained  by  subtracting 
the  items  of  Table  4  irom  the  corresponding  itons  of 
Table  2  <j:iving  the  total  fwodnets  ni  the  Cliesapeaice 
Bay  district. 

The  tabular  statement  immediately  preceding  shows 
the  distribution  of  the  value  of  products  reported  for 
the  leading  species  between  the  vessel  fishmes  and  the 
shore  and  boat  fisheries. 

Pninteis,  hy  appareitiu  qf  eaplnrt.—ASl  but  5  per 
cent  of  the  total  products,  increased  by  value,  was 
taken  with  the  five  classes  of  apparatus  specified  in 
the  following  tabular  statement: 


nxD  or  aivamjltvb. 

TALVE  or 

nooocts:  1808. 

Amount. 

IVr  cent 
dlstJtibu- 

83,306,000 

100 

2.. 393. 000 
S'il.OOO 
174,000 
128,000 
184,808 
M8f888 

72 
10 
5 
4 
4 
8 

On  account  of  the  large  oyrter  catdi,  dredges,  tongs, 

etc.,  are  by  far  the  most  important  ^paratus  of  cap- 
ture in  both  the  vessel  and  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries 
of  Chesapeake  Bay;  but  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean  fish- 
eries the  largest  catch  was  credited  to  pound  and  trap 
nets.  For  the  fisheries  of  the  state  pound  and  trap 
nets  are  second  in  importance  aa  i^qiaratus  of  ci^>ture, 
and  are  used  for  taking  a  large  number  of  species. 
Alewives  made  up  the  bulk  oft  the  catch,  contributing 
82  per  cent  of  the  total  weight  and  32  per  cent  of 
the  total  value;  shad  stood  second,  following  closely 
in  value,  although  the  weight  of  this  product  was  only 
one-fifteenth  as  great  as  that  of  the  alewife  catch;  and 
squeteague  was  third. 

Oysten.— The  oyster  product  of  Maryland  for  1908 
was  substantially  greater  than  that  for  1904  but  less 
than  that  for  1897.  The  yield  for  1904  was  abnor- 
mally small,  a  fact  attributed  by  some  authorities  to 
the  two  exceptionally  cold  winters  just  preceding, 
which  killed  many  of  the  oysters.  The  value  of  the 
product,  however,  steadily  decreased  from  $2,885,000 
in  1897  to  $2,418,000  in  1904  and  to  12,228,000  in  1908. 
This  decresse  of  $857,000,  or  23  per  cent,  in  the  value 
of  the  oyster  product  during  the  11  years  from  1897 
to  1908  contrasts  sharply  with  an  increase  of  S345,000, 
or  47  per  cent,  in  the  aggregate  value  of  all  other 
fishery  products  during  the  same  period.  From  1904 
to  1908,  however,  the  decrease  in  the  value  <rf  the 
oyster  yield,  which  amounted  to  $189,000,  or  8  per 


148 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


cent,  was  at  a  rate  only  one-half  as  great  as  that  of 
the  decrease  in  the  value  of  all  other  fishery  products 
during  this  period,  namely,  17  per  cent.  The  per- 
centage of  Qmb  total  yahie  of  fishery  producte  wbidi 
«M  refweeented  by  tibe  rtHm  ci  oTston  wm  lonmar  in 
190S  than  in  1904,  1897,  or  1880,  M  is  shown  hy  tbe 
foUowng  tabukr  stataMwint: 


Total 
value  of 

pndoni. 

OmBB  PBOOUCT. 

Value. 

Amount. 

Per  cent 
oftotaL 

190S  

S3,306,000 
3,337,000 
S,  •17,000 

<^as,Qoo 

6.232,000 
4,430,000 
7,256,000 
10,600,000 

$2,228,000 
2,418,000 
2,885,000 
4,730,000 

67 
72 
W 

n 

MM  

Of  the  total  oyster  product  of  1908,  6,076,000  bush- 
els, valued  at  $2,142,000,  were  furnished  by  public 
areas.  Private  areas  produced  only  market  oysters, 
and  of  these,  only  156,000  bushels,  valued  at  $86,000. 
Mv|ite  beds  wen  of  considerably  mora  importance 
in  1904,  when  thsf  ipera  cn^tod  wilh  466,000  Mw^ 
Trined  at  $302,000.  No  record  of  ths  jritid  cl  pmata 
areas  is  given  for  1897. 

Ale-unves. — The  bulk  of  the  catch  of  ale  wives,  locally 
called  herring,  was  reported  by  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries  of  Chesapeake  Bay.  The  product  was  larger 
m  1906  than  in  sny  previous  year,  in  both  qasntity 
and  Tsfaie,  and  ite  rristirv  knpcMrtanoe  anuHig  the  fish- 
ery products  of  the  state  was  grestar.  The  quantity 
of  alewives  sold  fresh  in  1908  was  more  than  double 
that  in  1897,  and  the  value  more  than  a  third  higher. 
Compared  with  1904,  which  was  a  poor  year  for  this 
species,  the  increase  shown  for  1908  is  much  greater. 
The  quantity  aM  ssitod  has  atoadity  decreased.  On 
aceannt  of  an  in^iease  in  price,  the  ralae  for  1906  was 
in  excess  of  that  for  1897,  though  less  than  the  value 
reported  for  1 904 .  The  value  of  the  total  alewif e  catch 
has  increased  steadily  since  1897,  from  $123,000  to 
$157,000  in  1908.  The  following  tabular  statement 
fiv«a  the  alewifa  piodnet  for  the  most  leeoit  years  for 


ALxwm  raooucT. 

Quantity 
(poands). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

1908  

1904  

mr  

28,805,000 
14.485.000 
17.136,000 
9,129,000 

$157,000 
138.000 
123.000 
140,000 

24,451,000 
9,580,000 
11,727,000 

$98,000 
55.000 
73,000 

4,354,000 

^aofl^ooo 

$50,000 
83,000 

n,flw 

Crabs. — The  heavy  increase  shown  in  the  crab  prod- 
uct from  1897  to  1904  did  not  continue  up  to  1908. 
Although  a  gain  of  nearly  2,000,000  pounds  was 
reported  from  1904  to  1908,  the  value  decreased  by 
139,000.  The  quantity  of  erafae  marketed  in  1906 
was  consideraUy  more  than  douUe  that  in  1B97, 
and  the  retuiBs  to  the  fishennea  were  46  per  cent 
greater. 


OBAB  PBODUCt. 


TetaL 

QnanfitT 

(pounds). 

Value. 

\  Qaaotfty 

'  (pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

190A*** •«••«•«•••■• 

20,373,000 
18,396,000 
9^4«,000 

$319,000 
350,000 
218,000 

12,786,000 
12,665,000 
5,833,000 

$124,000 
169,000 
40,000 

7,587,000 
5,733,000 
4,116,000 

$195,000 
190,000 

m,m 

Menhaden. — The  menhaden  catch,  though  not  rela- 
tively important  on  the  basis  of  value,  is  conspicuous 
for  quantity.  In  1880  the  quantity  reported  was 
3,903,000  pounds,  valued  at  $12,000;  in  1897,  353,000 
pounds,  Tabled  at  $400;  in  1904,  9,849,000  pounds, 
valued  at  $20,000;  and  in  1690,  27,969,000  pounds, 
valued  at  $57,000.  This  species  has  such  migrat<»y 
habits  that  the  catch  for  any  particular  year  can  not 
be  taken  as  characteristic  of  the  penod  or  locality  in 
question. 

Shad. — The  catch  of  shad  has  increased  considerably 
since  1904,  3,937,000  pounds  being  taken  in  1908,  as 
comparad  ivitb  2,912,000  pounds  in  the  former  year. 

The  catch  in  1897,  however,  5,800,000  pounds,  was 
far  in  excess  of  those  in  either  of  the  later  years. 
Scarcity  and  increasing  demand,  however,  have  raised 
the  price,  so  that  while  the  catch  in  1904  was  only  half 
that  of  1897,  its  value  was  a  trifle  greater,  the  catch 
in  1904  being  vahied  at  $160/)00  and  that  in  1897  at 
$159,000.  Tlie  price  has  continQed  to  increase,  and 
the  1908  catch  was  valued  at  $247,000. 

Squeteague. — The  catch  of  squeteague,  or  sea  trout, 
reported  principally  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean  fisheries, 
was  larger  in  1908  and  of  greater  value  than  in  either 
1904  or  1897,  as  is  shown  by  the  following  tabular 
statement: 


ratM. 

liwintiiy 

VakM. 

1,191,000 
785,000 
fi97,000 

$47,000 
23,000 
16,000 

FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

Tasu  1«-MABTLANI>^FISHERT  FBOOUOIB:  UW. 


149 


UI.7W,0e0  13,306,000 


Akwhtw,  or  river 
iMlllUS.  ' 

BiMdt  baas  

BhMBsb  


Cwp,  GniUMi.... 

Catfish  

Croaker  

Dram,  salt-water. 

Eds  

Floanders  


Kingfish... 
Mackerel . . 
Menbaden. 


Perch,  white  

Perch,  yellow.... 
Pike  and  pickerel. 


MSfii'iim'. 


sturgeon  

Caviar  and  stur- 


rrogs  

Crabs,  bard . 
Crabs,  soft.. 


bard. 


Oysters,  market,  from 
public  areas  

Oysters,  market,  from 
private  areas  

Oystm,  ' 
publio 

Terrapin. 


Turtles  

Sea  grass  

Skins,  muskrat. 
SUas,  Otter  


FotUKl  and  trap 
nets. 


Qnantltv 
(peoBds). 


28,805,000 
15,000 
14,000 
IftlfOOO 
107,000 

409,000 
179,000 

ae.ooo 

221,000 

47,000 

4,600 
4,400 
12,293,000 
47,000 

545,000 
359,000 
35,000 


225,000 
3,937,000 
3,100 


S7,iBB 

8,100 
1,191,000 
26,000 

1,000 
12,786,000 
7,587,000 
6,900 
*82,000 


<39, 718,000 

*  1,094,000 

•  2,812,000 

9,200 

8,100 

252,000 
'38,000 
(») 


Value. 


S7,M6,000 


157,000 
1,500 
700 
7,400 
7,100 

18,000 
5,300 
500 

13,000 
2,100 

500 
900 
30,000 
1,000 

30,000 
22,000 
3,800 


6,800 
247,000 
100 


11,000 
47,000 
1,300 

500 
124,000 
195,000 

200 
16,000 


2,041,000 

86,000 

101,000 
4,900 

400 
1,700 
50.000 


Qnantitv 
(pounds). 


1321,000 


22,255,000 
4,200 
2,300 
U1,000 
M,000 

1.35,000 
164,000 
38,000 
16,000 
47,000 

2,700 
4,400 
1,032,000 
14,000 

210,000 
72,000 
7,000 


300 

3,800 
977,000 

7,«» 

1,000 
1,107,000 
900 


10,000 


0,800 


3,300 
200 


Value. 


3,038,000 


103,000 
500 
100 
7,400 
1,700 

5,400 
4,900 
500 
1,000 
2,100 

300 
900 
1,700 
600 

12,000 
3,500 
800 
100 

(') 
100,000 
100 
27,000 

900 

1,000 
43,000 
100 


100 


200 


2,200 
(•) 


OtD 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


8174,000 


418.000 

7.500 
12,000 


23,000 
17,000 


100 


Value. 


17,883,000  8138,000  11,401,000 


2,400 
700 
500 


900 
600 


(') 


28,000 

35,000 
24,000 
3,000 


2,282,000 

i52,'666 

30,000 

7,100 
100 
1,100 


800 

2, 100 
2,000 
300 


134,000 

"i6,666 

4,100 

9.800 

('^ 
(•) 


Qoaatitjr 
(ponads). 


6,022,000 
3,300 


18,000 

59,000 


3,800 


11,261,000 
600 

103,000 
111,000 
12,000 


74,000 
30O 
Ui,«88 


8,800 
24,000 


71,000 


300 


Value. 


Vafew. 


1124,000 


51,000 


3,888 

2,300 


28,000 
(') 

6,200 
8,900 
1,200 


5,100 


800 


14,000 
15,000 
MO 


1,900 


30O 
1,800 


225,000 


700 
1,200 


3,400 


(») 


75,000 


11,035,000 
115,000 


<•) 


1,200 
400 
(») 


200 


(') 
100 


6,800 

"iib 


2,900 


106,000 
5,500 


Fyke  and  hoop 
nets. 


700,000 


110,000 


130,000  53,408,000 


18,888 

177,000 


88,088 


4,400 

185,000 
151,000 
13,000 


38,000 
'i8,'8i8' 


100 


6,000 


300 


▼doe. 


AU 


500 


8,000 

'i,'G66 


200 

10,000 
7.800 
^400 


12,620,000 


2,800 

7,300 


178,000 


2,600 

'8,'jn' 


(«) 


2,200 
1,COO 


700 
100 


71,000 


1,000 
1,741,000 
7,402,000 


>8S,888 

«39,718,00D 

>1,004,000 

•  2,812,000 
3,800 


252,000 
>  38, 000 


ilnchidesBpparatus,  with  catch,  asfclloirB:  Dredges,  tongs,  etc.,  50,250,000ponnds,  valued  at  $2,393,000;  dip  nets,  2,817,000  pounds,  valued  at  859.000;  otter  and  muskrat 
)S,  39,000  pounds,  valued  at  $50,000;  eel  pots,  181,000  pounds,  valued  at  $10,000;  bow  nets,  36,000  pounds,  valued  at  $3,600;  trammel  nets,  12,000  pounds,  valued  at  $1,200; 


trapL 

■Dd  minor  apparatus,  75,000  pounds,  valued  at  $2,700, 

*  Lew  than  8100.       *  10,000  boahato.        <  6,674,000  bushels. 


'  156,000  bushels. 


« 402,000  bushels. 


'116,000  skins. 


•  Less  than  100  pounds. 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 

Tasu  l.-4IABYIAllI>~nHnaiT  FBODIRTIB  OF  GHI8APS4n  BIT  OBmtlGT:  1MB. 


ancocs. 


TotaL. 


Alewives,  or  river 
herring,  fresh... 

Alewires,  or  river 
herring,  aalted. . 

Black  bass.  

Bluefish  

BatterOsb  


^Mjg,  ^nnan . . . 
CnakBrV.l! 


Qaantltv 
(pounda). 


iii,m.0M  ».m,m  u,m,m 


Flounders... 
Kingflsh.... 

MnOet  

Perch,  white. 


Perch,  yellow  

Pike  and  pickerel 
SlHd  


StuiKUon  

Caviar  and  stur- 
geon eggs  

8q  ue  league,  or  aea 
trout  


Oyrten, 

public  a 
Tmiiiii. 


Hiaiket,  fran 
fronn 


BragraaB  

Skins,  muakrat . 


24,34S,«» 

4,364,000 

15,000 
14,000 

5,800 

166,000 
400,000 

4,  aw 

£S 

3i,m 
%m 

12,063,000 
20,000 
530,000 

287,000 
31.000 
3,836,000 


»T— 


Baand  and  trap 
nets. 


VahH. 


Qnantity 
(pouDda). 


6.000 
900 
188,000 


97,000 

90.000 

1.500 
600 
200 

7, 100 
18,000 
100 


1,600 
200 

aokooo 

800 

28,000 

15,000 
3,400 
247,000 


1,000 

ii;7»,ooo 

T,a7,OO0 


'SMH^OOO 

•2.513,M 
7,000 

S,100 

252,000 
'38,000 
(•) 


700 
900 
6,200 

i,aoo 

500 
124,000 

2,036,000 

n.m 

02,000 
3,900 

1,7$ 
50,000 

m 


19.577,000 

2.673,000 
4,200 
1,700 
5,800 

49,000 
135,000 
4,»0 

mm 


Value. 


Ofllneta. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Value. 


Seines. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


I7,IH»000  ni«,ooo 


31,000 
600 


1,  . 
14,000 

218,000 

72,000 
7,000 
1,475,000 

5,300 

600 

170,000 
3,100 

'"8,'466 


3,300 
200 


68.000 

.35,000 
500 
100 

200 

1,700 
5,400 
100 

i,m 

1.600 
(*) 

1,700 
000 

12,000 

3.500 
800 
100,000 
37,000 

600 

400 

5,200 
100 


(«) 


2,200 
(•) 


41{i.000 

200 
7,400 
12.000 


22.000 
17,000 


2.400 

(») 
700 
500 


Value. 


100 


800 

30,000 

12,000 
1,800 
2,282,000 
140,000 

1.400 

300 

100 
1,100 


goo 

000 


(») 


1,600 

800 
200 
134,000 
14,000 

100 

400 


4.-241.000  26,000 


1,680.000 
3,000 


23,000 
400 


77.000 
50,000 


11,051,000 
600 

85.000 

51,000 
9,000 
74,000 
130,000 


5,600 
34,000 


71,000 


300 


3.500 
2,300 


28,000 
(«) 

4,400 

2,900 
1,000 
5,100 
14,000 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


0114,000 


Value. 


(*) 


14,000 


1.900 
■366 


500 
1,300 


0,400 


(») 


13,000 


11,^000 


3,000 


1,200 


200 


(') 
100 

(») 
ioo 


400 


106,000 
5,500 


100 


Quantity 
(pounda). 


700,000  030^000 


Value. 


01,001,000 


110,000 


15.000 
177,000 


26,000 


4,400 
186,000 

151,000 
13,000 
35,000 
40,000 


100 


500 


900 
8,400 


1,600 


200 
10,000 

7,800 
1,400 
2,500 
5,200 


(«) 


All  other  apparatna.' 


Qu^titv 
(poonda). 


12, 404,000 


2,600 
7,100 


160,000 


71,000 
9,000 


1,000 
1,739.000 
7.402,000 
•74,000 


2,200  700 
1,600  100 


Vataii. 


UO 


0,400 


6^000 
^MO 


600 
18,000 
100^000 
15,000 


«39,665,000  j  2,036,000 
» 1,012,000  77,000 


»  2,513, 000 
2, 100 


262,000 
'38,000 
(•) 


92,000 
1,000 


1,700 

50,000 
(•) 


MiDllows:  Dredges,  tongs,  etc. 
'  "Q;  aalpota,  17&000  poonda. 


:  40,807,000 


TBtoed  at  02,968,000;  dip  nets,  2,817,000  pounds,  valued  at  000,000;  otter  and  musk 
bofr  netB^  3%,000  pyond^  valued  at  83,600;  trammel  nete,  1^000  pconds,  valued  at 

100  pomida. 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

Tabu  8.— MARYLAND— FUmSBY  PB0DUCT8  OF  ATLANTIC  OOBAN  DI8TBI0T:  1MB. 


aPBOxa. 


Total. 


FWu 

Atewlvaa,  Of  rtrtf  hcRfng.. 
Butterfish  

Croaker.  

Drum,  I 
Eels. 


Flounders. 


Ponipaiio. 

Sea  bass.. 


Striped  bass  

Stui^eon  

Caviar  and  stuneon  eggs. . . 

Bqoeteagnit,  or  troot.  

AbotlMr  


Crabs,  hard  

Squid  

dams,  hard  

Oysters,  market,  from  public 


Oysters,  market,  from  private 

areas  

Oysters,  seed. 
Terrapin.  


TOTAL. 


Value. 


2,602,000  0119,000 


106,000 
145,000 

175,000 
14,000 

0,200 

16,000 
2,100 
4,400 
M0,000 

87,000 

25.000 
72,000 
0,700 
000 
330,000 

35,000 
31,000 
7,200 
1,002,000 
3,300 

0,500 
6,900 
*  8,400 

< 53.000 

•82.000 
•300,000 
1,000 
0,000 


1,100 
7.300 
5,300 
100 

500 

500 
300 
900 
400 
800 

2.400 
7,200 
400 
100 

6.800 

3.500 
4.300 
10.000 
40,000 
200 

100 
200 
1.400 

4.700 

9.400 
9.  (WO 
1,000 
200 


raODUCT  CAUOHT  BT— 


t  Inelades  ap] 


pparatoB. 
altt,000. 


•  MWO 


M^OOO  pemdi,  vakNd  at 


•7,000 


Pound  and  ti^  nets. 

Ofllneta. 

SeineB. 

/-\  .  .  —  —  A-t4  mm 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

f^"'"^  Value, 
(poonda). 

Quantity 
(poonds). 

Vahie. 

Qaanmjr 

Vahaa. 

Valaa. 

1,330,000 



$53,000 

93,000  $17,000 

418.000 

$12,000 

309,000 

$8,900 

453,000 

$27,000 

6,000 
\AK  Ann 

160,000 
14,000 

100 
7  300 
4^800 

100 

1 

101,000 

1,000 

15,000 

400 

6,200 

600 

16,000 

2,100 
4,400 
30,000 

500 
300 
900 
100 

1 

210,000 

400 



37,000 

5,000 
12,000 
1,300 

800 

500 
1,200 
100 

900 

100 

18.000 
60,000 
3,600 

l.OOO 
6.000 
300 

000 

m 

300 

100 

225,000 

0,800 

1.200 
2.400 
400 
937.000 
2.300 

1,500 
6,900 

100 
300 
600 
08,000 
100 

(') 
200 

12.000 
28.000 
6.800 

1.200 

4.000 
9.400 

22,000 

2,200 



1 

3,300 
000 

300 

62,000 

i'ow 

30O 

m 

0,000 

n 

0,000 

•0,000 

« 53,000 

•82.000 
•300,000 
1,600 

um 

4,700 

9.400 
9,G00 
1,000 



1,000 

Table  4  .—MARYLAND— PRODUCTS  OF  VESSEL  FISHERIES:  1908. 


Pbh: 

A  le  wi  vaa,  or  ttm  iMRtait. ' 

Blueflah  

Carp,  German  

Catfish  

Eels  


Flounders  

Menhaden  

Perch,  white.. 


Pfta  and  piAard.. 


Crabs,  hard. 
Crabs,  soft.. 


■ket,  from  pubUo 
BiaAet,  from  private 
Oji0m,mii,'iemi  pubiio  areas. 


TOTAL. 


Quantltjr 
(pounds). 


37,t«,000 


778,000 
400 
18.000 
22,000 
84,000 

4,400 
12,021,000 
28,000 
7,000 

4,600 
366.000 
36,000 
000 

480.000 
348,000 


Value. 


•787,000 


4.600 

(«) 
600 
800 

4,900 

200 
30,000 
1,500 
400 

500 
20,000 
3,700 
100 

().2nn 

8,300 


nOBDCT  CAT 


•13,391,000  670,000 


*  !)fl,000 
•368,000 


6,400 
9,600 


Pound  and  trap  nets. 

GUI  nets. 

Seines. 

Fyke  and  hoop  nets. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Valoe. 

Qnantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

QuantitT 
(pounds). 

1,938,000 

$21,000 

113.000 

$8,000 

11,002.000 

031,000 

41,000 

0^000 

i4,ni.ooo 

nr.  (wv>  ^  d 

S,0B0 

100 

400 
1,000 

2,200 
500 

4.400 
970,000 
6,600 

L 

100 

(») 

200 
l.GOO 
400 

16,000 
1,000 

000 

1,000 

100 

M,o66 

•00 

000 

(«) 

^700 

mS 

n.ft-ii.noo  28.000 

8,000 
100 

300 

400 

14.000 
7,000 

3.800 

700 
400 

400 

800 

(•) 

500 
168.000 
9,300 
400 

100 
13.000 
800 
(*) 

97.000 
13,000 

6,500 
1,300 

15,000 
600 

1,600 

no 

300 

(*) 

480,000 
348,000 

•10,301,000 

«  90  .000 
•368,000 

0,300 
0,000 

OIO.tO» 

6.400 
0,600 

1  Includes  anparatna,  witb  catch,  as  Mliiwa:  Dredges,  tong.s,  etc.,  14,674,000 pounds, 
▼akwd  at  C2,UXn  and  neia.  8,800  pounds,  valaed  at  $200. 

•  LMttntMO.  <  l,»ia>,000  buabels. 


at  0800,001^  eel  pots,  84,000 
« 


a$  §4,900:  lines.  95,000  ponaAb 
•53.0001 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  imilSE>  STATES,  1906. 

Taw  ff.-4tABTLA]|I>— PBODUCTS  OF  SHORE  AND  BOAT  FISHERIES:  1908. 


Alewives,  or  riTer 
herring,  fresh  

Alewives,  or  river 
herring,  salted  

BtedtkMB.  

BattertUb'//"/.'.'/.'.'. 


Larp.  c 

Catfish 


noanders. 
gingfish... 
Mackerel . . 
Mwihaden. 


rmeb,  white  

yellow  

Pike  and  pickoeL. 

Pompano.  

Scft  bMB  


Spot  

Striped  bass  

Storgeon  

Caviar  aal  tkaqpHo 

Btmttmmt. '  at  'am 


TntKs  

Oabs,  bard.. 
ChBfas,8aft... 


Oysters,  market,  from 
pablic  areas  

Oyst«rs,  market,  ftona 
private  areas  

0|rtB^lt,aCipBl>- 


Turtles  

Sea  gr^  

Skins,  muskiat. 


Quantity 
(pounds}. 


R<B9,000 


23.673,000 

4,354.000 
15,000 
14.000 
151,000 

149,000 
387,000 
179,000 
39,000 
137,000 

42.000 
4,000 
4,400 
272,000 
47,000 

516,000 
351,000 
30,000 
300 
225,000 

%on;ooo 

3,  MO 

604.000 

37,000 

8, 100 

1,190,000 
26,000 

1.000 
12,306,000 
7,239,000 
6,900 
•  82,000 


«26,327,000 

*lJ0O*fim 

*2,UtflB0 
0,200 

8,100 
252,000 

"sr 


Value. 


93.000 

59,000 
1,500 
€00 
7,«» 

6,500 
18,000 
5,300 
500 
7,800 

1,900 

500 
900 

i,«8o 

M,flW 

22,000 

3.300 
100 
6,800 

m,m 

100 

a,ooo 

5.000 

11,000 

46,000 
IrMO 

500 
118,000 
187.000 

200 
16,000 


1,372,000 

80,000 

92,000 
4,000 

400 

1,700 


IWMVOI  CAVSBf  ST— 


PBOod  and  trap 
nets. 

OiUneto. 

Fyke^mdboop 

Quantity 
(iwaadB). 

Vahie. 

Qoantit 
(pounds 

'  Vahie. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantit' 
(pounds] 

[  Value. 

QuanUt 
(pounds 

[  Vatae. 

Quantity 
(Donndsi 

ValM. 

25,167,000 

^n^ooo 

1106,000  11,306,000 

1122,000 

n,8n,ooo 

197,000 

728,000 

837,000 

38,744,000 

81,817,000 

18.807,000 

2.673.000 
4,200 
1,800 
151,000 

48,000 
133,000 
164,000 
38.000 
16,000 

42,000 
2.700 
4,400 
62,000 

1  K«o 

212,000 
72,000 

6,500 
300 

aoo 

l,M^O0O 

2,800 
208,000 
7,0H 

1,000 

1,106,000 

03.000 

35,000 
500 
100 
7,400 

1,000 
5.400 
4.900 
500 
1,000 

1,900 
300 
900 
100 

12,000 
3.500 
700 
100 

8^^ 

100 
27,000 
900 

1,000 

43,000 
MO 

415.000 

200 
7,500 
12,000 

2,300 

700 
500 

4,«Cc,aDD 

1,680,000 

Of  AAf 

27,000 
23,000 

110,000 

500 







.  ........ 

23,000 
16,000 

900 
500 
""*•••"•" 

D1,UUU 
58,000 

J,  9U0 
2,300 



15.000 
161,000 



900 
7,800 

2,500 
5,600 

180 

40O 

14  nnn 
IE  Ann 

1,200 

(*) 



3,800 



20O 



26,000 

1,600 

92,000 

8»1« 

100 

(») 

 i,'«66" 

 266" 

......... 

 """ 

-■■■•••••a 

- • ...... 

210,000 
ouu 

95,000 
111,000 
11,000 

........ 

400 
{*) 

5.800 
8,900 
1,200 

......... 





MtMo' 

35  flon 
24,000 
3,000 

2, 100 
1,900 
300 

 aoo* 

1.600 
800 

lUO 



4,400 

172,000 
144,000 
9,600 



200 

9,400 
7,400 
1,100 

'm5,'666' 

"*«,'866" 

2,185,066' 

'U7,'666' 

"74,'666' 

300 
137,000 

'*6,"i66' 

(') 

14,000 

"'35,066' 

"2,"s66" 

"""'7i,'666' 

6,'80O 

140,000 
30,000 

7,100 

100 
1,H0 

14,000 
4,100 

9,800 

500 

100 

48,000 

5,200 

9,000 

1,M0 

75,000  1 

2,900 

8,300 
24,000 

000 
1,2D0 

100 

m 

1.000 

1,358.000 
7,054,000 

500 
14,000 
178,000 

115,000 

104,000 
5,500 

71,000 

3,400 

6,966' 

 aoo" 

""•82,666" 

•IjXHflOO 

•2,444^10 

8,800 

"iim 
i.*n,m 

 3,'a66" 

200 

"'2,'266' 

(») 

""2,"266" 
1,000 

"■""766" 
100 . 

6,000 

300 

300 

'38.000 
(•) 

50,000 

(«) 

la  tlie  -vilne  «f  lirikeiy  prodoeto  and  in  the  amount 
of  capital  invested  in  Oie  fiahiiy  indostiT  IfaamdiQ- 

setts  ranked  fint  among  the  states,  whOe  in  the 
number  of  persons  employed  it  ranked  third,  Vii^a 
being  first  and  Maryland  second.  Cod,  haddock,  and 
mackerel  were  the  most  important  species  taken,  the 
mA^j^m^  of  these  being  larger  than  that  of  the 
IH|wiiliiii  ipeein  in  aagr  other  state.  Massachusetts 
s^tod  first  also  in  the  eateh  of  15  otho*  flpedes  or 
lanns  of  fish  product,  and  second  in  10  othfln. 

The  preeminence  of  the  state  was  due  to  the  great 
importance  of  its  vessel  fisheries,  the  headquarters 
of  which  are  located  in  a  few  ports,  notably 
^■■•■•■r  wmd  Boston.   On  this  account  statistics 


are  presented  separately  for  the  coantioi  in  idaA 

these  cities  are  situated,  namely,  Essex  County  and 
Suffolk  County;  the  statistics  for  the  rest  of  the  state 
are  presented  under  the  head  "All  other  counties." 
The  Essex  County  district  takes  in  the  ports  along  the 
north  shore  of  Msasachasetts  Bay,  on  Cape  Ann,  and 
north  to  the  New  Hampshire  line,  with  Gkmoester  as 
the  chief  port.  The  Suffolk  County  district  nprn- 
sents  principally  the  city  of  Boston,  while  the  group 
"All  other  counties"  embraces  the  counties  of  Nor- 
folk, Plymouth,  Barnstable,  Bristol,  Dukes,  and 
Nantadcet,  including  the  ports  on  the  south  shore  of 
Masiiehusstti  Bay,  Cape  Cod,  and  Bnmaids  Bay.  A 
summaiy  of  the  principal  statistics  for  the  state  and 

for  the  several  difrtneto  as  gimaiB the foliowiivtabidtt 

statement: 


FISHERIES, 


a^MBeas      '   1  1    1  = 

Xnex 

Suffolk 

All  other 

TotaL 

Ooonty. 

County. 

counties. 

NoHilwif  of  pwimii  wajipyad... 

U,Bn 

4,735 

^fil7 

VoMetaand  boats,  including 

$4,759,000 

$2,157,000 

$1,402,000 

$1,200,000 

Apparatus  of  capture  

775,000 

320,000 

165,000 

290,000 

Soon  and  accessory  prop- 

215,000 

35,000 

46,000 

134,000 

7,005,000 

3,090,000 

1,740,000 

3,316,000 

The  importance  of  Essex  County  in  every  item, 
except  shore  and  accessory  property  and  cash,  is 
apparent. 

Oamp(trimm  wih  previous  canwuBea. — ^By  examina- 
tion of  the  statistics  for  1889,  1898,  1902,  and  1905 
presented  in  the  following  tabvdar  statement,  it  will  be 

seen  that  at  each  successive  canvass,  except  that  of 
1898,  a  larger  value  of  products  was  reported  than  at 
the  preceding  canvass,  but  that  for  the  other  items  the 
figures  for  1908  are  considerably  less  than  those  for 


BY  STATES.  158 

1889.  During  the  past  decade,  however,  there  has 
been  a  gradual  improvement  in  every  resjject,  except 
that  the  number  of  persons  employed  and  the  weight 
of  the  catch  decreased  slightly  from  1905  to  1908. 


TXAK. 

Pencils 

em- 
ployed, 
exclu- 
sive of 
shores- 
men. 

T^UTB  or  mmwiMn. 

Total. 

Vessels 
and  tKMts, 
including 
outfit. 

Appara- 
tus of 
capture. 

Quantity 
(pounds).. 

Vote. 

1908  

11.535 
12,618 
11,387 
10,341 
1^8N 

$5,534,000 

5,216,000 
4,742,000 
3,450,000 

4,on,ooo 

$4,750,000 
4,453.000 
4.139.000 
2.894,000 
4,893,000 

$775,000 
702.000 
ti03,0(X( 
557,000 
1,010,000 

244,313.000 
2.M.ti54.fKlO 
230,G4«.(X)f( 
202,258,000 
3aO,2U,«00 

$7,095,000 
7.025.000 
0,482.000 
4,464,000 

l!X)o  • 

1898  

1889...  

Persons  employed. — The  following  table  shows  the 
distribution  of  the  pei-sons  employed  in  the  fisheries 
of  Massachusetts,  by  districts  and  by  class  of  service, 
for  the  state  and  for  each  county  district: 


BMOUCT  AND  CLASS. 


Vessel  fisheries. 
Itansporting  vessels . 


Vessel  fisheries  

Transporting  vessels. 
Slmnwdr 


Vessel  fisheries... 
Transporting  vessels. 


Vessel  fisheries. 
Tranqwrting  vessels. 


Number. 

TotaL 

Proprie- 
tors and 
independ- 
ent fisher- 
men. 

Salaried 

em- 
ployees. 

Wage- 
earners. 

TotaL 

WOfML 

11,577 

■8,141 

88 

8,«3 

82,748,000 

010,000 

<  82,788,080 

7,568 
63 

3,904 
42 

468 
8 

2,065 

15 
2 
6 

7,065 
53 

1,233 
42 

2,408,000 
27,000 
294,000 
14,000 

14,000 
2,500 
3,000 

2,394,000 
25,000 
291,000 
14,000 

4,725 

871 

U 

8,80 

1,118^000 

11,000 

1,106,800 

3,727 
20 
073 
8 

2,305 

125 
1 

745 

8 
2 
1 

17 
227 
5 

1,0M 

1,054,000 
12,000 
40,000 
1,100 

880,080 

7,500 
2,500 
700 

1,046,000 
9,300 
49,000 
1,100 

718,080 

808 

8 

4,000 

1,819 
27 

"1 

4,547 

57 
2 



1,004 

5 

1,757 
25 
211 
1 

737,000 
13,000 
82,000 
800 

m,m 

4,600 

732,000 
13,000 
52,000 
800 

880,000 

7 

4,100 

2,'022 
16 

2,473 
36 

6 

1,673 

2 

1,7M 
U 
7*8 

SO 

8^.080 

•2,100 
188,000 

12,000  1 

1,800 

616,000 
2,100 
190,000 
12,000 

5 

i'oao 

I  Exclusive  of  943  proprietora  not  fishing. 

The  number  of  persons  employed  in  the  fisheries  of 
Massachusetts  formed  8  per  cent  of  the  total  number 
for  the  United  States.  Of  the  42  shoresmen,  15  were 
employed  in  the  vessel  fisheries  and  the  remaining  27 
in  tibe  sbote  and  boat  fisheries.  While  in  the  country 
ts  a  whde  shoie  and  boat  fidbennen  outnumbered 
▼essel  fishermen  in  the  proportion  of  aboat  three  to 
one,  in  Massachusetts  the  vessel  fishermen  were  neariy 
twice  as  numerous  as  the  shore  and  boat  fishermen, 
forming  21  per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  vessel  fish- 
ermen in  the  United  States.  Independent  fishermen 
throu^out  the  country  comprised  50  per  cent  of  all 
penons  engaged  in  fishing,  but  in  Massadiusetts  wage- 
earners  constituted  73  percent  of  theperaooaemi^yed. 
TkoB  predominaaee  of  wage  eamcro  was  due  to  the 


*  Includes  provisions  furnished  to  the  TSbie  of  8103^000. 

vessel  fisheries,  for  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  the 
number  of  proprietors  and  independent  fishermen  was 
more  than  twice  the  number  of  persons  working  for 
wages  or  salaries. 

Essex  County  reported  28  per  cent  of  the  proprie- 
tora and  independent  fishennen  and  46  per  cent  of  the 
total  number  ol  employees  in  the  state.  Of  the  wage- 
earners  in  the  vessel  fisheries,  Essex  County  had  51 
per.  cent,  but  it  had  only  18  per  cent  of  the  wage-earners 
in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries.  In  the  latter  class  of 
fisheries  64  per  cent  of  the  wage-earners  were  reported 
by  the  southern  counties  included  under  the  head 
"All  othor  counties." 

Suffdk  County  showed  the  same  predominance  of 
wage-eamers  as  Essex  County,  but  Uie  total  number 


154 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


•■d  th0  mualwg  in  TflBsd  fishefkm  wen  oofy  about 
oae  h,M  as  great  .   The  number  of  wage-earners  in 

the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  was  about  the  same  in 
Suffolk  County  as  in  Essex  County.  Nearly  three- 
fourths  (73  per  cent)  of  the  vessel  fishermen  were 
found  in  Essex  and  Suffolk  Counties  and  nearly  two- 
IkMa  (63  per  cent)  ol  tha  Aon  md  boat  fiahwinwi 
iran  foind  m  tiw  groop  ooaqniaiiig  the  other  eoo^^ 
E§mpmunt  and  other  capital. — ^The  following  table 
o^res,  by  county  districts,  the  value  of  equipment  and 
the  amount  of  other  capital  emplojed  in  the  fisheries 
of  Massachusetts: 


TAum  0*  aqwinijurr  jam  vmn 


CLASS  or  INVBSmXIfT. 

CttttUi  MM, 

i  Essex 
County. 

Suffolk 
Coonty. 

All  other 
counties. 

MB,SU,O0t 

ll,«»,0» 

u.mt.m 

nfaing  

VaMek  

Ootfit.  

^^jaf/.::::::::::::;;:; 

4,282,000 
4,204,000 
710,000 
563.000 
147,000 
3,4»4,000 
2,293,000 
1,201,000 
600 
79.000 
71,000 
65,000 

caoo 

7.tt0 
7,000 

no 

477,000 
376,000 
54,000 
S7,000 
10,000 
775.000 
515.000 
260,000 
164,000 

a.Qoo 

2,068,000 
2,032,000 
252,000 
188,000 
64,000 
1,780,000 
1,215,000 
565,000 

1,332,000 
1,301,000 
176,000 
148,000 
29,000 
1,125,000 
746,000 
380,000 

882,000 
870,000 
281,000 
227,000 
55,000 
«B,000 
332,000 
256,000 
t.00 
12.000 
11.000 
10,000 
800 
1,300 
1,300 

oum.  

1  36,000 
'  33,000 
30,000 
3,400 
2,100 
2,000 
100 
90,000 
67,000 
10,000 
12,000 

31,000 
27,000 
25,000 
1,900 
4,100 
3,600 
400 
70,000 
65,000 
500 
4,000 

318,000 
344.000 
43,000 
21,000 
10,000 
290,000 
99,000 
192,000 
127,000 
7,400 

320,000 
271,000 
49,000 
30,000 
5,700 

165,000 
145,000 

20,000 
7,800 

38,000 

TIm  imalMit  of  MaaBaehusetts  in  the  fishing 
industry  waa  laigin  thm  that  of  any  other  state,  com- 
prising 14  per  cent  of  the  total  for  the  United  States. 
Practically  three-fourths  (74  per  cent)  of  the  total  state 
investment  was  in  fishing  vessels  and  their  outfits. 
The  total  value  of  vessels  and  boats  in  this  state  was 
man  than  double  that  in  the  state  next  in  rank, 
^ginia,  and  fotmed  10  per  eeni  of  the  total  inveat- 
manA  in  vessels  and  boats  for  tba  Unitod  States.  In 
the  value  of  boats  alone  and  of  apparatus  of  evptare, 
however,  Massachusetts  was  outranked  by  several 
states  in  which  shore  and  boat  fisheries  were  more 
prominent.  Apparatus  of  capture  represented  13  per 
eent  of  the  Massachusetts  investment,  having  a  value 
hi^Mr  ^aa  Uke  vahie  ci  boats  and  of  slKHe  and  acces- 
sory property  combined  with  cash  capitaL 

The  value  of  all  sailing  vessels,  including  outfits,  was 
between  four  and  five  times  that  of  steam  vessels,  being 
$3,501,000.  as  compared  with  S781,000.  Among  the 
boats,  however,  power-driven  craft  contributed  79  per 
cent  of  the  total  value. 

TIm  falowing  table  givea  detaSed  statistics  oonoeni- 
i^gllw  mooteaad  tsaaagB  of  vvsmIs  aad  the  maiibw 
ef  hoatot 


TotaL 

Essex 
County. 

Suflollc 
County. 

664 

283 

U7 

VM^V,  number  

638 

374 

106 

381 

Steam  and  motor— 

244 

62 

9 

173 

Tomiage  

Isil— 

3,551 

1,212 

511 

1,828 

394 

212 

06 

86 

26,215 

13,443 

6,046 

6,726 

7 

7 

26 

8 

12 

6 

Steam  and  motar->  ^ 

19 

6 

10 

4 

a4 

US 

14B 

m 

Sail- 

7 

s 

S 

a 

211 

•7 

71 

41 

3,694 

906 

389 

2,390 

1,114 

212 

177 

695 

Sail  

310 

38 

3 

278 

3,145 

026 

309 

1,310 

Other  

lift 

U« 

Of  the  investment  in  apparatus  of  capture,  appnnc- 
imately  two-thirds  was  in  the  vessel  fisheries  and  one- 
third  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries.  The  distribution 
of  the  several  kinds  of  apparatus  by  districts  and  by 
class  of  fisheries  is  given  in  the  following  tabular 
statement ; 


KIMS. 

Alfsuuflim  or  CAiflon:  ma 

Total. 

DtaMkoMlqrdMricts. 

DlsMbaMby 
cjjMoaf 
flflhsrisB. 

Essex 
County. 

Suflollc 
County. 

All 
other 
coun- 
ties. 

Vessel 
fisher- 
ies. 

Shore 
and 

Stmt- 
les. 

20 
126 
2 

1,050 
180 
371 
11 
42 
9,045 
1,577 
43,342 
216 
389 

20 

20 
58 
2 

1,009 
180 
371 
1 
41 
765 
339 
41,166 
191 
90 

Beam  trawls............  

126 
2 
130 

68 

Conner  nets  and  traps  

283 
146 
164 

646 
34 
130 

50 

78 
11 
35 
3,757 
693 
24,495 
169 
143 

Floimder  dnSgHt.  

10 
1 

8,280 
1,238 
2, 176 
25 
299 

Fyke  nets  

7 

4,500 
541 
11,965 
41 

192 

Gill  nets  

Harpoons,  spears,  etc  

Pots— crab,  eel,  and  lobster  

Pound  and  trap  nets  

Seines  '  

788 
343 
6,862 
6 
54 

Produds,  by  spedea. — Table  1,  on  page  IfiO,  gives  the 
fidierf  prodacta  of  the  atate,  "by  ipeeiei  and  by  appar 

ratus  of  capture. 

Sixty  distinct  species  were  represented,  the  most 
important  being  cod,  haddock,  and  mackerel,  which 
together  contributed  53  per  cent  of  the  value  of  all 
fishery  products  of  the  state.  The  cod  and  the  had- 
dod^  etAsh  eadi  exceeded  a  miDkm  doUara  in  value. 
For  eight  other  products— -dams  Qneluding  all  three 
varieties,  hard,  ooHf  and  razor),  herring,  p<^lack,  hali- 
but, lobsters,  sperm  oil,  hake,  and  oysters — ^values  in 
excess  of  $200,000  were  reported.  The  value  reported 
for  the  11  species  named  formed  86  per  cent  of  the 
total  value  of  products.  Flounders,  swordfish,  and 
scallops  had  vahies  in  excess  <^  $100,000. 

PrmkuU,  eowOy  dittridB.—Tb»  fishery  products, 
by  imoeipal  qpeeaes  and  by  county  districts,  are  gtwem 


FISHEEIES,  BY  STATES. 


155 


iiiTaUe  2,  on  page  160,  when  they  are  ranked  aooord- 
ing  to  the  value  reported  for  the  state  as  a  whole. 

The  value  of  the  products  was  distributed  among  the 
districts  as  follows:  Essex  County,  43  per  cent;  Suf- 
folk County,  25  per  cent;  and  "All  other  counties,"  33 
per  cent.  The  products  reported  for  "All  other  coun- 
ties" were  much  more  diversified  than  those  of  Eodct 
and  Suffolk  CountieB.  Cod  was  the  leading  species 
with  reqMet  to  vahie  in  Essex  and  Suffolk  Counties. 
Mackerel  ranked  next  to  cod  in  value  in  Essex  County, 
and  haddock  in  Suffolk  County.  In  the  rest  of  the 
state  whale  products  ranked  first  and  cod  second. 
Haddock  and  mackerel  were  important  products  in 
each  district.  All  the  oysters  and  whale  products, 
and  67  p«r  eent  of  the  value  of  the  dams,  wefe  re- 
ported by  the  south«ii  counties  gmqMd  under  the 
designation  "All  other  counties." 

Products,  by  class  of  fisheries. — Tables  3  and  4,  on 
pages  161  and  162,  give  the  products  for  the  vessel 
fisheries  and  for  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  respec- 
tively, by  species  and  by  apparatus  oi  capture.  The 
values  df  the  duef  q>ecies  ^  products  for  each  dass 
of  fidieries  wwe  aa  fdlowa: 


Total. 


Cod  

Haddock  

Mackerel  

Herring  

Pollack  

HaUbut  

Hake  

Flounden  

Swordfish  

All  other  

Clams  

Whale  oU,  sperm  oil,  and  whalebone. 


OjniMS.  ■ 
Scallopa.. 

Cockles — 

S»S7 


▼Aun  or  noooctK  UQB. 


Total. 


97,006,000 


5.637,000 
1,944,000 
1,038,000 
761,000 
342,000 
313,000 
310,000 
294,000 
146,000 
122,000 
367,000 
378,000 
336,000 
307,000 
218,000 
120,000 
34,000 
25,000 

4a,m 


Vessel 


SS, 497, 000 


Shore  and 
boat 


$1,598,000 


4,971,000 
1,811,000 
985,000 
742,000 
,24i},000 
265,000 
309,000 
281,000 
66,000 
121,000 
147,000 
14,000 
336,000 
14,000 
97,000 
44,000 
4,300 


18,000 


666,000 
133,000 
52,000 
19,000 
07,000 
48,000 
1,700 
13,000 
81,000 
900 
220,000 
366,000 


294,000 
121,000 
76,000 
29,000 
25,000 
21,000 


The  products  of  the  vessel  fisheries  represented  77 
per  cent  of  the  total  value,  and  those  of  the  shore  and 
boat  fisheries  23  per  cent.  All  the  products  diown 
separately  in  the  table  were  reported  for  both  dasses 
of  fisheries,  with  the  excepti<m  of  the  whale  products, 
whidi  were  confined  to  the  vessel  fisheries,  and  Irish 
moss,  reported  for  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  only. 
Of  the  species  not  shown  separately,  13  which  were  re- 
turned by  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  were  absent 
from  the  reports  of  vessel  fisheries,  and  12  appearing 
in  the  returns  of  the  latter  were  not  repcHrted  for  the 
former.  For  the  vessd  fisheries  the  rank  of  the  lead- 
ing products  with  respect  to  value  followed  closely 
the  order  for  the  state  as  a  whole — cod,  haddock,  and 
madcerel  leading  by  a  wide  maxgin,  with  a  combined 


value  whic^  formed  64  per  cent  of  that  of  the  total 
product  <rf  these  fisheries.  In  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries,  on  the  other  iiand,  clams  and  lobsters  led, 
with  a  value  equal  to  41  per  cent  of  the  total,  and  these 
were  followed  by  cod,  03'sters,  and  herring. 

Table  5,  on  page  163,  gives  the  products  of  the  vessd 
fidieries,  by  species  and  by  county  districts.  The  atar 
tisidcs  of  the  vessd  catch  in  each  district  show  the 
same  general  diaracteristics  as  those  of  the  vessel  catch 
of  the  state  as  a  whole,  except  that  for  the  Suffolk 
County  district  the  value  of  the  cod  product  is  surpassed 
by  that  of  haddock,  while  in  the  district  designated  as 
"All  other  counties"  it  was  exceeded  by  that  of  the 
idiale  {Hxxiucts. 

Table  6,  <m  page  164,  gives  the  jModueta  ol  the  shore 
and  boat  fisheries,  by  species  and  by  county  districts. 
In  tjiiy  dass  of  fisheries  conditions  directly  opposite  to 
those  appearing  in  the  vessel  fisheries  exist,  not  only 
as  to  the  rank  of  leading  species,  but  also  as  to  the 
importance  of  districts. 

In  the  vessel  fiaheriea  Essex  County  contributed  47 
p«r  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products  for  the  state ; 
Sitfolk  County,  29  per  cent;  and  "All  other  counties," 
24  per  cent.  In  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  on  the 
other  hand,  the  district  designated  "All  other  coun- 
ties" reported  63  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  prod- 
ucts, while  Essex  County  had  27  per  cent  and  Suffolk 
County  only  10  per  cent.  Only  14  spades  were  taken 
in  the  Suffolk  County  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  of 
wliich  four — ^lobsters,  herring,  cod,  and  flounders — 
contributed  70  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  prod- 
ucts. In  Essex  Count}^  twice  that  number  of  species 
were  included  in  the  shore  and  boat  product,  but  64 
per  cent  of  the  value  of  this  product  represented  the 
value  of  dams  and  lobstMs.  In  the  district  desig- 
nated "All  other  eountiea"  35  spedes  made  up  the 
product.  Although  the  quantities  of  cod,  flounders, 
herring,  haddock,  pollack,  and  other  important  spe- 
cies reported  were  nearly  as  large  or  larger  than  those 
credited  to  tlie  shore  and  boat  fisheries  of  Essex  or 
Suffolk  County,  the  leading  species  were  clams,  lob- 
sters, and  oysters,  idiich  contributed  46  per  cent  of 
the  total  value  of  the  products. 

ProJhteU,  by  apparatus  of  capture. — The  value  ci  the 
catch,  by  each  form  of  apparatus  of  capture,  is  given 
for  the  two  classes  of  iiaberies  in  the  next  tabular 
statement. 

In  the  two  classes  of  fisheries  much  the  same  appa- 
ratus was  used,  but  the  prominence  of  particular  forma 
dMezed.  lines  predcm^nated  iif  the  vessd  fisheiiea, 
while  seiDea,  gill  nets,  and  fdialing  apparatus  followed 
in  importance  in  the  order  named.  In  the  shore  and 
boat  fisheries  the  principal  forms  of  apparatus,  ranked 
according  to  the  value  of  tiie  catch,  were  dredges, 
tongs,  etc.;  pots  and  traps;  lines;  and  pound  nets,  trap 


IM 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


■0(8,  and  nvin.  From  thk  H  iriU  be  seen  that  the 
Iwrfing  kindB  ol  apparstas  in  ona  dan  of  firimiea 
win  «i  wtimar  k^pottanee  it  the  oHmt. 


TateL 

TMiL  

17,095,000 

1 

$5,497,000  $1,598,000 

3,930,000 
806,000 
741,000 
393,000 
336,000 
325,000 
266,000 
130,000 
168,000 

3,649,000 
754,000 
155,000 
384,000 
336,000 
15,000 
30,000 
122,000 

a,8o» 

281,000 

ja,ooo 

586,000 

9,000 

<a  Beta.  

310,000 
236,000 
7,800 
1M,000 

The  following  tabular  statement  gives  the  value  of 
the  cat<:h  made  with  each  fonu  of  apparatus  of  capture, 
by  county  districts : 


ruarm  or  wwwwwr  NOR. 

Soflnik 

$7,005,000 

$3,030,000 

$1,749,000 

12,316,000 

3,990,000 
806,000 
7^,000 

32S,000 
M.00O 

1,822,000 
539,000 
149,000 
276,000 

1,410,000 
204,000 
14,000 
M^OOO 

698,000 
63,000 

578,000 
9^000 

169,000 
238,000 
«,«00 
98^000 

121,000 
28,000 

1  S8 

35,000 

l^«8 

The  value  of  the  line  catch  fonned  55  per  eent  of 
the  value  of  the  total  catch  for  the  state  and  was  the 
largest  shown  for  any  state,  representing  42  per  cent  of 
the  value  of  the  total  line  catch  of  the  Urited  States. 
Although  30  species  were  taken  with  lines,  48  per  cent 
ef  tte  Tilw  ef  tte  nodact  taken  in  this  way  was  con- 
tributed by  eod.  IlBMffyeBoffl»eod,baddkNsk,hak^ 
and  haibat  and  all  of  the  cvknpefted  wen  takai  bj 
lines.  The  following  tabular  statemrat  gives  the  Table 
of  the  Une  catch,  bj  yncqpel  ipeein  and  by  eoonty 
districts: 


rxam  or  nooocr  taun  whb  unis:  1908. 


AfloUMT 
CMmtta. 

$3,930,000 

$1,822,000 

$1,410,000 

$698,000 

1,876,000 
996,000 
309,000 

289,000 
250,000 
73,000 
61,000 
77,000 

1,035,000 
306,000 
229,000 
72,000 
131,000 
32,000 
2,500 
14,000 

531,000 
497,000 
61,000 
184,000 
54,000 
34,000 
27,000 
22,000 

310,000 
193,000 
20,000 
33,000 
65,000 
6,700 
31,000 
40,000 

flf  tke 


enti&  witb  nmes  represented  only  1 1  per  cent 
toAal  ^abn  ef  pndoets  lor  thn  etate,  bat 


uted  74  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  catch  by  this 
fosmaffi^pewtiia.  ESnez  County  reported  67  per  cent 
<tf  the  total  Table  €f  tbe  seme  eatoh.  The  Tahw  ci 

the  seine  product  caught  by  vessel  finhpwfwt  farmed 

94  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  product  taken  by 
this  form  of  apparatus.  The  following  tabular  state- 
ment gives  the  value  of  the  principal  species  captured 

by  seines,  for  each  county  district: 


byarinnwaaSl,  <rf  wkiA  nutowi coatab- 


Total 

Herring  

Pollack... 
Haddock. . 

Cod  

Alewives... 
Send.  


▼4um  or  wuemoct  XAxair  nr  i 


1908. 


$806,000 


594,000 
63,000 
42,000 
33,000 
22,000 
16,000 
11,900 


£nex. 

AU^otoMT 

$539,000 

$204,000 

$63,000 

435,000 

39,000 
36,000 

2,200 
17,000 

2,200 

131,000 

16,000 
5,200 

30,000 
5,400 

28,000 

*a 

14,000 

11,000 
5,100 

8,500 

_ 

12,000 

Dredges,  tmigB,  ete.,  ranked  third  in  the  Tahie  of 

the  product  taken.  The  following  talMilar  statement 
gives  the  vahie  oi  the  eateh,  by  qwdea  and  by  eoonly 

districts: 


Clsms.  

Oysters  

Scallops  

Irish  mosi. 
Cockles.... 
Crabs,  soft. 


VALUK  or  PKOPPCT  XAJUN  mXH  DUDOBS^ 


Total. 

Easex 
Gounty. 

Suffolk 

County. 

AU  Other 
counties. 

IMI,880 

n«,eoo 

$14,000 

8878,000 

372,000 
218,000 
120,000 
25,000 
5,000 
200 
100 

148,000 

9,600 

215,000 
218,000 
120,000 
26,000 

300 
600 
200 
100 

4,400 

Of  the  vahie  of  the  product  taken  in  this  manner,  79 
per  cent  was  reported  by  the  shore  and  boat  f«^mim. 
The  amoimt  returned  by  ihb  vessel  fidimn  was 
entirdy  from  the  distriet  ds^gnated  "A!^  ote 

counties." 

Gill  nets  took  products  valued  at  6  per  cent  of  the 
total,  87  per  cent  of  the  value  representing  that  of 
herring  and  mackerel.  The  gill-net  catch  was  reported 
principally  by  the  yessel  fisheries,  and  70  per  cent  of 
the  value  was  contributed  by  the  Essex  County  dis- 
trict. The  following  tabular  statement  gives  the 
value  of  the  gill-net  catch,  by  jwineyal  speein  and  by 
county  districts: 


Total. 
Mackerel,  fresh. 

suntog. 

Cod,  fresh., 
Pollack.. 


VALVX  or  PBODCCT  ZAJDDr  Df  OILL  NSIS:  1008. 


MM. 

County. 

SafloOc 
Coonty. 

ABothar 
oouotiaii 

$393,000 

$276,000 

$24,000 

$94,000 

146,000 
102,000 
03,000 
38,000 
6,400 
8,800 

46,000 
102,000 
84,000 
34,000 
6,400 

. 

16,000 

84,000 

6,430 
1,700 

2,100 
1,900 

5,800 

USHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


167 


Princijyal  species— Table  7,  on  page  164,  gives  the 
yield  of  the  more  important  species  durmg  earlier 
years  for  which  complete  statistics  are  available, 
together  with  the  percentage  of  the  total  yalue  of 
products  formed  by  the  Talne  of  each  spedes.  The 
qiedes  are  ranked  in  the  order  of  the  Table  of  the  catch 

in  1908. 

Cod. — The  most  important  product  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts fisheries  was  cod,  which  contributed  28  per 
cent  of  the  total  value  in  1908.  The  state  catch  of 
cod  formed  66  per  cent  of  that  of  the  United  States. 
The  quantity  and  yalue  of  the  pfoduet  were  less  in 
1908  than  in  1889,  but  greater  than  for  any  other  year 
shown.  Cod  were  taken  chiefly  by  the  vessel  fisheries, 
which  reported  93  per  cent  of  the  total  value.  Fifty- 
three  per  cent  of  the  aggregate  product  was  taken  by 
the  Essex  County  fishermen.  Nearly  the  whole  prod- 
uct, 97  per  cent,  was  caught  by  lines. 

Haddock. — ^Haddock  ranked  second  in  yahie,  coa- 
tributing  15  per  cent  of  the  total  yalue  of  the  Massif 
chusetts  ]nroduct.  The  Massachusetts  catch  con- 
tributed 80  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  haddock 
product  of  the  United  States  and  was  taken  almost 
wholly  in  the  vessel  fisheries.  The  catch  increased  in 
weight  and  value  in  the  period  from  1889  to  1905,  but 
prior  to  1902  it  was  outranked  in  yalue  by  halibut  and 
in  1902  by  mackerel.  Suffolk  County  had  a  larger  prod- 
uct than  Essex  County,  slightly  over  half  of  the  total 
bnng  taken  in  the  former  district.  About  the  same 
proportion  of  haddock  as  of  cod,  96  percent  of  the  total 
yalue,  was  taken  with  lines. 

Mackerel^ — The  catch  of  this  spedes,  which  stood 
third  in  value,  contributed  11  per  cent  of  the  totid 
yalue  of  the  Massadiusetts  product,  and  rei»esMited 
90  per  cent  of  the  yalue  of  the  entire  mackerel 
product  of  the  United  States.  The  1908  catch  was 
the  smallest  since  1898,  both  in  quantity  and  value. 
In  1902  mackerel  ranked  next  to  cod.  Vessel  fisheries 
took  97  per  cent  of  the  1908  catch,  on  the  basis  of 
value,  and  of  the  value  credited  to  this  class  of  fisheries 
65  per  cent  was  reported  by  the  Essex  County  district. 
IfadDsrel  were  taken  mostly  with  seines,  78  per  cent  of 
the  total  value  representing  the  value  of  the  seine 
haul.  Gill  nets  took  most  of  the  remainder,  the 
catch  with  this  form  of  apparatus  representing  19  per 
cent  of  the  total  value. 

Herring. — The  value  of  the  herring  product  con- 
stituted 5  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products  for 
the  state,  and  JSjier  cent  of  the  total  value  of  herring 
for  the  United  States,  Massachusetts  ranking  second 
to  Maine  in  this  respect.  Both  the  weight  and  the 
value  of  the  herring  catch  have  fluctuated  more  or 
less  at  the  various  canvasses,  but  the  percentage 
which  the  catch^represents  of  the  total  value  of  prod- 
ucts of  the  state  has  decreased  steadily  since  1898. 
Since  1905,  despite  a  large  increase  in  quantity,  this 
fidi  has  suffered  a  substantial  decrease  in  yalue.  Of 


the  total  value  of  the  herring  product,  72  per  cent 
was  reported  by  the  vessel  fisheries  and  28  per  cent 
by  the  shore  and  boat  fisheriee.  Essex  County  fur- 
nished 74  per  cent  of  the  total  yalue  for  the  state. 
The  largest  catch  of  herring,  representmg  57  per 
cent  of  the  total  value,  was  made  by  gill  nets.  The 
catch  with  seines  represented  18  per  cent  of  the  value, 
while  nearly  all  the  remaining  value  was  credited  to 
pound  and  trap  nets  and  to  dip  nets  in  proportions 
approximately  equal. 

P<»2fae2;.— Pollack  was  another  important  species, 
the  value  (A  the  Massachusetts  catdi  constituting 
over  three-fourths  <rf  the  value  of  the  total  pollack 
product  for  the  country.  Nearly  85  per  cent  of  the 
Massachusetts  catch  was  made  in  vessel  fisheries, 
while  more  than  one-half  of  this  total  value  came  from 
the  Essex  County  district.  In  value  and  in  lelatiye 
importance,  pollack  has  increased  rapidly  and  uni- 
formly since  1898,  although  in  1908  the  quantity 
taken  was  considerably  less  than  in  1905.  Of  the 
total  value  of  the  pollack  product  reported  in  1908, 
80  per  cent  represented  the  value  of  the  catch  taken 
with  lines. 

Halibut.— The  hahbut  catch  showed  an  increase  in 
both  quantity  and  yalue  in  1908  over  1906,  but  a 
marked  falling  off  as  compared  with  the  returns  for 
earlier  years.  In  1889  and  1898  it  ranked  next  to  cod, 
and  not  until  the  canvass  of  1905  did  it  represent  less 
than  10  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products  for  the 
state.  The  catch  of  this  state,  though  far  below  that 
of  Washington,  contributed  20  per  cent  of  the  total 
value  of  the  hahbut  product  of  the  United  States  and. 
ranked  second  in  impwrtanoe.  Hahbut  was  piaetiea^ 
a  yessel  fishery  product.  Only  6  per  cent  came  from 
the  southern  counties  of  Massachusetts,  74  per  cent 
being  reported  from  Essex  County.  Nearly  all  of  the 
product  was  taken  with  fines. 

Hake— The  Massachusetts  hake  product  represented 
63  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  bake  catdi  for  the 
United  States.  In  sfnte  of  the  great  fluctuations  in 
quantity,  the  value  has  steadily  increased  since  1889. 
It  is  preeminently  a  vessel  fishery  product.  Twenty- 
five  per  cent  of  the  total  value  was  reported  by  the 
Essex  County  district  and  63  ])er  cent  by  the  Suffolk 
County  district.  Practically  the  entire  catch  was  made 
by  fines. 

Catfish.— CtAMi,  or  wolf  fish,  were  taken  to  the  yalue 
of  $8,000.  Nearly  the  entire  catch,  amounting  to 
557,000  pounds,  was  taken  with  lines.  The  vessel  fish- 
eries were  credited  with  368,000  pounds,  valued  at 

$4,400. 

Clams.— HsiTd,  soft,  and  razor  clams  were  reported 
by  the  Massachusetts  fisheries.  The  latter  species 
were  not  taken  in  lai^e  quantities.  For  the  other 
two  species  the  values  of  the  product  reported  were 
nearly  the  same.  Clams  were  taken  almost  wholly 
in  shore  and  boat  fisheries.  Fifty-eeven  per  cent  of 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITBa)  STATES,  1908. 


the  total  value  of  the  state  i^-rodiict  was  from  the  dis- 
trict designatBd  as  "All  other  counties,"  Essex  County 
haag  tib0  mmm  of  nmdy  all  the  remainder. 

Wkmie  jwwiMft.— The  vahie  of  the  whale  mi,  sperm 
Mid  whalebone  repotted  from  Massachusetts,  About 
two-thirds  of  wliich  represented  the  value  of  sperm  oil 
alon?,  com})rise(l  68  per  cent  of  the  total  reported  for 
the  United  States  in  1908.  Since  1889  the  value  of 
the  whaile  products  of  the  state  has  decreased  more  or 
hm  flteadily,  the  year  1898  alone  showing  a  smaller 
v«Ib0  than  1908.  Them  products,  whiofa  were  exehi- 
sively  vessel  fishery  products,  were  taken  piincqMiIty 
by  the  New  Bedford  whalinej  fleets  and  were  reported 
solely  from  the  district  "All  other  coonties,"  of  which 
they  formed  the  leading  product. 

Lobster. — In  the  catch  of  lobster  Massachusetts  was 
■Hsad  to  Ifame.  Tlie  laige  increase  in  quantity  and 
'vakM  m  1908  m  compned  with  1905  is  worthy  ol 
note,  compared  with  the  gradual  decrease  in  qnsBtity 
and  slight  increase  in  value  shown  for  prior  canvasses. 
Over  95  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  lobster  | 


product  represented  the  value  of  lobster  taken  in 
shore  and  boat  fisheries.  Fifty  ])er  cent  of  the  total 
value  was  contributed  by  counties  included  under  the 
head"  AH  other  counties,"  while  39  per  cent  represented 
the  value  of  the  Essex  County  product. 

Oysters.— Thon^  taken  in  quantities  suffici«nt  to 
class  them  among  the  more  important  products  of  the 
Massachusetts  fisheries,  oysters  were  of  far  less  import- 
ance than  in  states  to  the  south.  The  quantity  taken 
has  increased  steadily,  but  the  value  of  the  product 
has  fluctuated  greatly.  Private  beds  furnished  96  per 
cent  of  ib»  m&n  quantity.  Of  the  total  value  of  the 
<^rster  i»oduct,  45  per  cent  represented  the  value  of 
the  oysters  taken  in  the  vessd  fisheries,  and  55  per 
cent  the  value  of  those  taken  in  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries.  The  entire  product  came  from  the  southern 
counties.  Forty  thousand  bushels  of  oysters,  valued 
at  $47,000,  were  taken  by  Connecticut  fishermen  from 
waten  of  MioaacliiMttta,  but  are  induded  in  the  8t»- 
tiaties  for  GoBBoetimit. 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

TAMig^^^rji^kSBACmJSE^  PRODUCTS:  1M6. 


159 


Total  

Aflmnwre,  or  horse  mack- 


214,813,000  17,006,000 


Alewives.. 
Blueflsh... 

Bonito  

BnttadUt. 


Opd. 


Haddock. 

Hake  

Halibut.. 
Herring... 


Ma^^«l  

Menhaden  

Peich,  yellow.. 


Pidlaok.... 
Redfisb.or 

6cu 


p. 
8ea  oass 


Shad  

BilTcr  htUie,  or  idiitbig. 

Bilversides  

Skates  


Smelt  

Squeteacue,  or 
Striped  bass... 
Stnigeoa  


Swordflsh. 
Tautog..., 
Tomood... 


Li V  CD'S. 

Sounds  

Crabs,  hard. 
Crabs,  soft.. 


Lobster  

Shrimp  

Tnrtles  

CSsms,  hard. 
Clains,  razor. 
Ckuns,  soft. . 


Qnantfty 
(pounds). 


Cockles. 


Ojitcn,  market,  bom  public 
areas. ..................... . 

Oysters,  iB«lnt,ft«nprlnite 

areas  

Oysters,  seed,  from  puUic 


Scallops.... 

Squid  

whalebone. 
Oa,ood. 


92.000 
4,002,000 
42,000 
65.000 
67,000 

72,819,000 
102,000 

4,267,000 
723.000 

7,131,000 

48,492,000 
16,708,000 
4,145,000 
28,501,000 

73,000 
10,453,000 
258,000 
19,000 

20,006,000 
303,000 
1,136,000 
114,000 

389,000 
6,589,000 
3,500 
93,000 

16,000 
1,971,000 
6,100 

caoo 

1,642,000 
170,000 
7.000 


Value. 


737,000 
605,000 
73,000 
121.000 

1,800 

2, 455,000 
5,800 
1,300 
< 1.119.000 
'  24,000 
'  1,910,000 

'  130,000 
•1,100 

«  4,900 

>i  43,000 
» 171,000 

>*5n,ooo 

1,837,000 
30,000 
M 138, 000 
»3, 103,000 
»MI,000 


5.400 
45,000 
4,300 
4,000 

3,500 

1,955,000 
5,600 
73.000 
38,000 
140,000 

1,038,000 
294,000 
310,000 
342,000 

1,300 

761,000 
1,400 
1,000 

313,000 
2,700 
40,000 
8,400 

12,000 
39,000 
600 
700 

2,500 
68,000 
800 


122,000 
6,300 
300 

25,000 
6,900 
8,100 
2,400 
200 

307,000 
1,300 
(•) 

189,000 
3,(100 
186,000 

34,000 


goo 

202,000 
3,100 

130,000 

20,000 
89,000 
5,900 
218,000 
S^OOO 


MODOCT  CAVORT  BY— 


OfflMte. 

PoaaaaBfeteyeta, 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantitv 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quiiniity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

101/888,000 

IS,  no,  000 

36,307,000 

8806,000 

14,886,000 



8808,000 

18,641,000 

8806,000 

38,608,000 

I1.3U,8B8 

92,000 
1,052,000 
15,000 

AS.  000 

6.400 
7.000 
1,100 

3.ano 

1,693,000 
6,200 

16,000 
600 

25,000 
9,300 

400 
1,400 

1,282,000 

20,000 

11,000 
200 

300 

69. 191,000 
600 
4,267,000 
118,000 
8,106,000 

46,649,000 
16,192,000 
4,136,000 

i.aoo 

(•) 

1*) 

7.400 

000 
33,000 



3,200 

1.750,000 

100 

.17.000  2.S00 

i.R7fi.fino  i  i.SQO.nnn 

38.000  288.000 

8,200 
100 

(•) 

73,000 
6,800 
81,000 

995,000 
289,000 
309,000 

2,300 

80,000 

5,600 

164,000 
80,000 

1,430,000 
67,000 
9,600 
7,854,000 

TOO 
5,700 

33,000 
1,000 
1,000 

63,000 

«,080 
6U,080 

303,000 
407,000 

1,888 

U,«00 

8.600 
3,500 

X,088 

st,tm 

111,000 

104,000 
43,000 

i,m 

1,300 
500 

9,936,000 

195,000 

6,536,000 

44.000 

6,478,000 

40,000 

73,000 
66,000 

1,300 
3,300 

8,006,000 
253,000 
19,000 

3,816,000 
200 
800 

594,000 
1.300 
1.000 

42.000 

s 

2,147,000 

146,000 

'388,000 
6,800 

18,000 
980 

iOO 

<») 

14,668,000 
300,000 
329.000 
77.000 

280,000 

2,700 
12,000 
6,700 

Mfi^OOO 
^300 

n,«8» 

6.400 

««, 

057,000 

16,000 

708,666 

37,000 

20,000 
4,540,000 

27,000 
2,700 

700 
20,000 

367,000 
4,000 

3,  SCO 

12,000 

.^200 

11,000 

(•) 

600 
100 

300 
(•) 

2,000 
126,000 

100 
1,300 

921,000 

8,300 

37,000 

13,000 
92,000 
2,900 

300 

6,000 

100 

14,000 

380 

i8i 

2.000  1.000 

80,000 

400 

1,848,000 
200 
6,108 

SO. 000 

(•) 

888 

300 

2,000 

600 

300 

(•) 

l,6it«6 

l«,88i 

i49,666 

6,000 
568,«00 

5,600 
100 
7,880 

a,880 

788 

88^080 

100 
«0 

8,100 

100 

8»«80 

MO 

737,000 

(•) 

36,080 

601,000 
73,000 

6,800 
3,100 

4,000 

(•) 

131,000 

i.Hno 

2,400 
200 

200 

(•) 

2,455,000  307,000 
400  I  100 

1,200  (») 

«1, 119.001)!  189.000 
s  i>4.()(Mi  1  .scon 

6,400 

1,900 

100 

(•) 

•1,910,000 

'  130,000 
•1,100 

•4,000 

••863,000 

u  43,000 

"178,000 

!•  502. 000 
26,000 
30,000 

186.000 
34,000 

Mi 

900 

202,000 

3,100 

13,086 

120,000 
400 
88,088 

121,000 

2,200 

10,000 

200 

1,680,000 

17,000 

>4 138,000 

5,900 

•^818.888 
"168,088 

lis 

I  lochides  otter  travrit. 

>  Includes  apparatus,  wtAwtdwaiMtowi:  Dredges,  tongs,  etc,  I,88I|^  pounds,  TdMd  at  8741,000;  whaling  apparatus,  3,4MJ)00  poonda,  valued  at  8336,000;  eel 
pots  and  traps,  2,830,000  poonda,  TiliMd  at  8325,000;  harpoons,  spean,  etc.,  1,767,000  pomdkjalued  at  8130,000;  beam  trawls,  2,972,000  pounds,  valued  at  866,000;  dip 
■ots,  6,660,000  pounds,  valued  at  858,000;  cockle  nets  and  traps,  78,000  pounds,  valued  at  821,000;  cunner  nets  and  traps,  100,000  pounds,  vahied  at  86,500;  tyk»  tmti, 
1^000  poimds,  valued  at  82,200;  cast  nets,  109,000  pounds,  valued  at  82,000;  bag  nets,  2,000  pooiids,  valued  at  5500:  and  minor  apparatus,  76,000  pounds,  valued  at  81Mlt> 
s  iw—  ti»n  aintt.  *  2.400  tandialL  '  UUOOO  buuliait.  *  TOO  IiiimiiiIi  ui       *  ~ 


flSHmiES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1906. 

Table  2.— MASSACHUSETTS— FISHERY  PRODUCTS,  BY  COUNTY  DISTRICTS:  1908. 


Qaantit; 


244,313,000 


Valiw. 


230,066,000 
72,819,000 
48,«2,000 
10,453,000 
28,501,000 
20,006,000 

4,145,000 
16.708,000 
7.124.000 
l.(>42.000 

4.267,000 
1,971,000 
4,002,000 
1,136,000 

5,680,000 
722,000 
380,000 
U4,000 

170,000 
102.000 
8(2,000 
42,000 

66,000 
67,000 

an.  000 

M,000 

258,000 
73.000 
19,000 

717,000 

>S, 000, 000 

3,405,000 
« 2. 913. 000 
30,000 
•60,000 

2,455.000 
1,084.000 
•868,000 


■502,000 
•130,000 

737,000 
1.837.000 
ti05.000 

i«  138,000 
73,000 
123,000 

s.«o 

%1M 


37.095,000 


5.637,000 
1.955.000 
1.038.000 
761.000 
342.000 
313,000 

310,000 

294.000 
14<i.000 
1-22.000 

73,000 
58,000 
45,000 
40.000 

39,000 
32.000 
12,000 
8,400 

6,300 
5,600 
5,400 
4,300 

4,000 
3,500 
2,700 
2,500 

1,400 
1,300 
1,000 
11.000 

378,000 
336.000 
218.000 
89,000 
38,000 

307,000 
218,000 
203,000 
15,000 

130,000 

34,000 

25,000 
20,000 
6,900 

5,900 
3,100 
2,080 
1,380 
100 


106,007,000 


108,005,000 
38,339,000 
14,770,000 
6,475,000 
17,342.000 
12,474,000 

3,230,000 
4,356,000 
338,000 
795.000 

1.845.000 


542,000 

3.000 

1.503.000 
202,000 
306,000 
(«) 

800 
73,000 
8,800 


300 
6,000 


3,300 


219,000 


41.000 

7.500 
132,000 
283.000 

79,000 

iS 


VaiiK. 


33,030,000 


2,736.000 
1,067.000 
309.000 
483,000 
252,000 
175.000 

229,000 

74.000 
4,300 
61.000 

32.000 


3.300 
100 

4,000 
3,600 
7,900 
(*) 

(») 
4,000 
300 
100 

(•) 

20O 
1,600 
1,800 

(•) 


Qoanttty 
(poands). 


76,030,000 


75,117,000 

22.991.000 
24,511,000 
2.017.000 
6.441.000 
3.278,000 

682,000 

10,254.000 
1.-394,000 
270,000 

2,029.000 


3,300 
153,000 


130,000 


11,000 

300 
2,400 
3,300 

3,400 


712,000 
91.000 
10,000 


30,000 


6,900 
130,000 


260,000 

iHoeo 


S17,l 


60.000 


Valne. 


31,749.000 


310.000 

13,000 
64,000 
116,000 


1,680,000 
549.000 

527.000 
147.000 
47.000 
59.000 

62,000 

185.000 
29.000 
24,000 

34,000 


7,100 
5.500 
300 


l.«W 


3,400 
^•0 


18,000 


17,000 


3,400 

600 
2.600 
2,300 


62,276.000 


51.944.000 

11,489,000 
9,211,000 
1,961,000 
4,718.000 
4,255,000 

333,000 

2.098.000 
5,391.000 
577,000 

393.000 
1,071,000 
3,620.000 

1,133,000 

3,374,000 
429,000 
72,000 
U4,00O 

160,000 


83,000 

Km 

65,000 
56,000 
%M0 

i^eoo 

255,000 
73,000 
19,000 

239.000 

» 1.407.000 
3.495,000 
4  2,913,000 

1,324,000 
1,084,000 

:sts 

•502,000 
•21,000 

730.000 
1,70.5,000 
12,000 

i«  46,000 


400 

i,no 


Viiot. 


83,316,000 


1,221,000 
319,000 
202,000 
131,000 
43,000 
78,000 

20,000 

36,000 
113,000 
37,000 

6,700 
58,000 
41,000 
40.000 

28,000 
23.000 
3,300 
8,480 

6.300 


im 

4,000 
2,700 


1,400 
1,300 
1,000 
5.500 

215.000 
336.000 
218,000 
80,000 

M,m 

154.000 
218,000 
308,000 
U,l8i 

120,000 
6,100 
25,000 
17,000 
100 

2,000 


(•). 


LcH  tbaa  100  poaada. 


bushels. 


•7^ 


^31,000  biutMk. 


•13,000  boaheta. 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

Tabu  8.— MASSACHUSETTS— PBODUCTB  OF  VESSEL  FISHERIBS:  IMS. 


161 


Total  

m: 

Alewives  

Blueflsh  

Bonito  

Butterflsb  

Cod,  fresh  

Cod,  salted  

Cusk,  fresh  

Coak,  salted  

Mi..  

Flounders  

Haddock,  fresh  

Haddock,  salted  

Hake,  fresh  

Hake,  salted  

Hallbat,  fresh  

HaUbut,  salted  

Halibat  flns.  salted. . . . 

Bmtiatttnib  

HeRfng,  Mdtad  

Mackerel,  fresh  

Mackerel,  salted  

Menhaden,  fresh  

Menhaden,  sailed  

PoDack,  fresh.  

Pollack,  aalled.  

B«dllsli,ornMiab  

« 

Striped  bass... 
BwordOsh  

AB 

Livers  

Sounds  

Lobster  

Turtles  

dams,  hafd... ..............  ■  - 

Clams,  soft.  

Cockles...  

Oysters,  market,  from  public 

areas  

Oysters,  market,  from  private 

^  areas.  

O^gjw^  Mid,  Itsni  pfiTataaraas 

Squid  

Wbalebome  

Oil,  cod...  

Oil,  spenn.......... ........  — 

(^1^  


TOTAL. 


(Quantity 
(pounds). 


103,830,000 


35,407 /)00 


829,000 
24,000 
35,000 
29,000 

48, 124,000 
19,565,000 
4,145,000 
64,000 
56,000 

3,402,000 
45,294,000 
973,000 
15,521,000 

2.10, 000 

3,470,000 
643,000 
13,000 
l«,in8,000 
5,616,000 

7,967,000 
2,231,000 
253,000 
5,000 

15,144,000 
920,000 
293,000 
308,000 
47,080 

371,000 
578,000 
74,000 
IM^OOO 

2,100 
1,625.000 
34.000 
408,000 

590,000 
73,000 
123,000 
1,300 

< 85, 000 
•10,000 

•18,000 

'2,100 

•449,000 
•18,000 
"U^OOO 

172,000 
30,000 
u  138,000 
u  2, 913, 000 
1*563,000 


Value 


9,600 

2,700 
2,300 
1,800 

1,183.000 
640,000 
71,000 
1,300 
%50O 

66,000 

965,000 

21,000 
276.000 
4,800 

255,000 
53,000 
500 
138,000 
106.000 

580,000 
161,000 
1,300 
200 

244,000 
21,000 

2,600 
11.000 

3,100 

9,800 
4,400 
500 
5,000 

200 
121.000 
000 
4,700 

6, 700 
3, 100 
14,000 
(») 

13,000 
800 

4,300 

400 

96,000 
1,000 
44,000 

2,500 
89,000 

6,900 
218,000 
28,000 


FBOOUCT  CUKHR  BT— 


Lines. 

Sdnea.' 

urn  neU. 

Pound  nets,  trap 
nets,  and  vein. 

All  other  apparatus.* 

Quantitv 
(pounds]|. 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(poonds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Valw. 

140,638,000 

20,124,000 

8754,000 

14,888,880 

1184,080 

1.408,080 

8^281,000 

9088^688 

779,000 
6,200 

9,000 
600 

25,000 
9,300 

400 

1,400 

24,000 

2.800 
35,000 
18,000 

19,000 

100 

200 
2,300 
1,100 

600 

6,000 
200 
300 

45,382,000 
19,565,000 
4,145,000 
64,000 

u.ooo 

818,000 

43,875,000 

073  nnn 

500 
(•) 
(») 

1,123,000 
640,000 
71,000 
1,300 
200 

10,000 
932,000 
91  nnn 

7,400 
1,073,000 

GOO 
25,000 

3.200 
1,650,000 

100 
35,000 

4,000 

327,000 
1,302,000 

200 

5,500 
31,000 

40^080 

2,ltt,000 

55,000 
104,000 

1,100 
1.300 

61,000 
13.000 

1.300 
400 

15,412,000     275,  (XX) 
•2:tfi  nnn  i  4.Knn 

67,000 

1,000 

IB,<I» 

480 

5.000 

100 

3,460.000 
643.000 
13,000 

254,000 
53,000 
500 

0,600 

1,000 

5,15BlO0O 
346,000 

5,775,000 
2.231,000 
253,000 

43,000 
4,500 

432.000 
161.000 
1,300 

4,503,000 
5,371,000 

2,104,000 

02,080 
102,000 

1«,000 

336,600 

8,190 

60,000 

a;  800 

38.000 

2,500 

5,000 
138.000 

200 
2.400 

12,066.000 
920,000 
290.000 
166,000 
86,000 

206,000 
21.000 
2,  (KX) 
6,000 
3,600 

2,373,000 

20,000 

547,000 

6,100 

•'no  1  ci 

(•) 
Sin 

800 

(•) 

128,000 
12,000 

14,000 

318,000 

4,700 
900 

600 
2.600 

352,000 
4.000 
12,000 

9. 100 
(') 
100 

2,000 
125,000 

100 
1,800 

131,000 
37,000 
Ifl^OOO 

2,100 

500 
300 
400 

200 

25.000 

100 

30,000 

400 

110^000 

5,100 

1.625,000 

121,000 

24,000 
364,000 

58a,  000 
73,000 

000 
4,100 

6,600 
3,100 

33,000 

on 

0,300 
4,000 

100 
(•) 

2,800 

200 

123.000 
1,200 

4  85,000 
s  10.000 

•18,000 

^2,100 

•449.000 
•18,000 

••la^foo 

1^000 

14,000 

(•) 

13,000 
800 

4,300 

400 

06,000 
1.000 

u,m 

80.000 

100 

(») 

10,000 

200 

142.000 

2.000 

» 138,000 

5,000 

u  2,913.000 
u  553,000 

218,000 
28,000 

friknre:  Whaling  apparatus,  3,495,000  pounds,  valn«dat8336j000;  dredges,  tonKs.ete.,716,000poands,TahMdattl55.000;  barpoons, 
 •  ^    "  ^  «1  pots,  153,000  povbds,    ■  * 


*  tedodes  otter  trawk. 

*  Indudes  apparatus,  wtth  ,   „  ... 

apears,  etc. .  1 .656,000  pouadt,TalMd  at  §122,000;  beam  bams,  2,146.000  pounds,  valued  at 
paunds,  valued  at  34,300;  aaaOrtoaalLUOO  pounds,  vakialatlUO. 

•  Less  than  $100.  •IJMO  bushels.  •  64,000  buataals. 
4 11,000  bushels.                       tOOObl  ' 

•  bushels. 

76786*— 11  ^11 


■•lOJOOOaaUoBS. 


■tfUyOOO;  cockle  neU  and  ti^  18^ 


ilSfl£RIE8  W  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1006. 

Tablb  4.— lfAS8ACHnSETT&-PR0DUCTS  OF  SHORE  AND  BOAT  FISHERIES:  1908. 


Okt 


Quantity 
(pouads). 


50,474,000 


Value. 


mackerel   91,000 

Alewives,  fresh  I  2,209,000 


Alewives,  salted. 
Bluefish. 
Booito.. 


Perch,  wliita.. 
Perch, 
Pollack: . 


Shad  .... 

Silver  hake,  or  whit- 
ing  

Sflvosides. 


Striped  bass... 
StnrgeoQ  


TautoR  

Tomcod.... 
.411  other... 


Shrimp  

Clams,  bard. 


Cockles. 


Mussels  

Oysters,  market, 
pabUc  areas. 


1,024,000 
17,000 
30,000 

10.000 

5,024,000 
106,000 
102,000 


687,000 

3,722,000 

2,225,000 
957,000 
19,000 

12,734,000 
73,600 
73,000 

255,000 

1,300 
19.000 
3,942,000 
828,000 
67,000 

19,000 

£,011.000 
3,500 
1%600 

16,000 

1,821,000 
3,000 
4,700 

17.000 

146.000 
7.000 
206,000 

737,000 
15.000 
121,000 


from 


Oysters,  seed.  ftt>m  public 
areas  

Oyster;,  seed,  from  private 
areas  

flcaUopa  


5.800 
pi, 034,000 
« 24, 000 
>1,906.000 
•112.000 

M.lOO 

•2,800 

•414,000 

••43,000 

u  156.000 
u  340, 000 
1,1  


31,598,000 


5,400 

20.000 
15,000 
l.fiOO 
1,700 

i.am 

129,000 
4.300 
5,600 


30,000 
81,000 

52,000 
13.000 
1,700 

96,000 
700 
1,300 
19,000 

100 

1 .  m) 

4it.U00 
28,000 
5,000 

1,700 

3'. 000 
600 


2,500 

52,000 
(iOO 
400 

•60 

S,«0 

am 

3,700 

25,000 
200 
2,400 


1,300 
177,000 
3,600 
185.000 
29,000 

100 

500 

106,000 

3,100 

11,000 
76,000 
17,000 


I'oiind  nets,  trap 
nets,  and  weirs. 

Dtp  nets. 

Setam. 

QUI  nets. 

All  otluri«>pantu8.> 

Quantitv 
(ponndij. 

Value. 

Quantity 
(poonds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(poands). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

VahM. 

QoanUtv 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantitv 
(pounds). 

12,365,000 

3281,000 

17,218,000 

8236,000 

0,080,000 

5,272,000 

ni.ooo 

300^000 

86,000 

ft.  68ft.  000 

91,000 
902,000 
125,000 
12,000 
30,000 

30.000 

268,000 

5,400 

6,0(K» 
1,300 
900 
1,700 

1,800 

7,000 

i'><i:i.iH)0  ti.'tix) 

.5s<).(iii'i  4.onn 

25,000 
84,000 

300 
1,700 

490,000 

9,000 

325,000 

5,300 

600 

4,138.000 
106,000 
600 
«^66» 

107,000 

2,287,000 

1,801,000 
550,000 
19,000 

109,000 
4,300 

(») 
900 

5,700 
51,000 

42,000 
9,400 
1,700 

07,000 

8,900 

100,000 

2,800 

2,300 

100 

99,000 

5,5(10 

47,000 
555,000 
266^660 

1.000 
11,000 
8,860 
8,460 

150,000 
15,000 
134,000 
200 

500 
200 

1.800 

(») 

363,000 
809,000 

23.000 

isiooo 

56,000 

1,500 

5,000 

100 

5, 151,000 
60,000 

41,000 
560 

o,4G2,000 

4n.iMV)  -2  rua  non 

15,000 

59,000 
13,000 

600 
200 

14,000 

100 

—  7  "  7  

73,000 
5,400 

900 

1,300 
300 

100 

200^000 

16,660 

500 

200 

400 
19,000 
1,443,000 

I  J 
(») 

1,000 
12,000 

44,000 

3,500 

162,000 
41,000 

6,200 
3,200 

665,000 
26,000 

8,600 

4,221,000 

22,000 
1,800 

160 

27,000 

18,000 

300 

15,000 

1,700 

710,000 

7,600 

3,500 

tiOO 

14,660 

200 

5,000 

100 

13,000 

81,000 
600 

2,200 
1.600 

m 

3,200 
1,000 

300 
(») 

1,739.000 
200 
4,700 

51.000 
400 

2,000 

500 

17.000 

660 

12H.0()0  ,  4.600 
o.OOO  100 

2i,o66 

700 

300 

100 

(') 

197,000 

3,600 

7,800 

(«) 

500 
737,000 

(') 

25,000 

U,000 

200 

15,000 

200 

106,000 
1,800 
2,332,000 

2,368 
280 
9»l,660 

200 

(») 

400 

100 

5,400 

1,200 

n, 034 ,000 
« 24,000 
n  ,906,000 
•112,000 

' 1,100 

•2,800 

•414,000 

M 43,000 

u  156.000 
M 340, 000 
5,700 

177,000 
3,600 
185,000 
29,000 

loa 

800 

106,000 

8,160 

11.000 
76,000 
100 

121,000 

2,960 

1,538,660 

15.000 

1  Includes  apparatus,  with  catch,  as  follows:  Dre'iges,  tongs,  etc.,  4,647,000  pounds,  valued  at  $o8(i,000;  eel  pots,  2,67S,0no  pound.s,  valued  at  8310,000;  coclde 
nets  and  traps,  •j0,(X)0  pounds,  valued  at  $17,(W0;  lx>am  irawls,  727,000  pounds,  valued  at  ?Iii,0(K);  harpoons,  spears,  etc.,  IHflOO  pounds,  valued  at  87,800:  Conner 

nets  and  traps,  100,000j)oirads,  valued  at  $5,500;  fvke  nets,  50,000  pounds,  valued  at  $2,UK):  cast  nets,  109,000  pounds  flMlA  K  fSjOOO;  *  

pounds,  valued  at  82/nO;  bag  nets,  2,000  pounds,  valued  at  8500;  and  minor  apparatus,  75,000  pounds,  valued  at  114.000. 

*  Less  than  8108L  •MMWhaMs.  lUBboilHh.  .   •M^boriidB.  U22,0001 

*  123.000  bushdoi  •iMiiMhOh,  •mtmikM.  i*MMbnMk  i*44^i 


1 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

T^mM  ff.~-MAS8AGHU8ETTS~PBODnCT8  OF  VWmtt  FISHERIES,  BY  OOUHTY  DISTRIGTB:  IMg. 


163 


SPEaES. 


Fish. 


Cod  

Haddock. 


HaUtmt. 
Hake.... 


Pollack  

Herriiii;  

Swordlish. 

Cnak  

Flounders. 


Seup  

Shad  

Alewives  

Squeteague,  or  weaknsh. 

ntrcr  hake,  or  whiting. . 

Sea  bass..  

Bhmfliih......  

B«dltoli.ogrroMflsh  

B«li  


Bonlto  

Bottaflsh. 


AO 


Whale  products. 
Oil,  sperm... 
Whalebone. . 
Oil,  whale... 


Oysters  

Market. 


flaaDops. 


TAvtn... 

Oil,  cod. 


Cockles. . . 
Sounds.. . 

Squid  

MtaOnet. 


1  Less  thin  $100. 
•388,000  gallons. 
•  74,000  flllsiHU 


TOTAL. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

193,839,000 

85,«t7,000 

188,512,000 

46,268,000 
10, 198,000 
4,126,000 
IS  751  000 

4,971,000 

1  S9'>  nnn 

985,000 
742,000 
309,000 
281,000 

16,064.000 
15,694,000 
1,025,000 
4,209,000 
o,  V/A,  \nju 

265,000 
24->,000 
121,000 
72,000 

uu,  WAJ 

308,000 
371,000 
829,000 
150,000 

11,000 

9,800 
9,«J0 
5,900 

578,000 
47,000 
24,000 

201,000 
86,660 

4,400 
3,500 
2,700 
2,000 
2,600 

35,000 
29,000 
288,660 
808,600 

2,300 
1,800 
1,400 
6,4D0 

3,^.000 

•2, 913;  000 
30,000 
'553,000 

336,000 
218,000 
89,000 
28,000 

468,000 
•461,000 
•18,600 

07,000 
06,000 
1,000 

•  152,000 
123,000 
« 95,000 
590,000 

« 138,000 

44.000 
14,000 
14,000 
6,700 
5,900 

»  18,000 
73,000 
172,000 
1,300 

4,300 
3, 100 
2,500 
(«) 

ooomnr. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


91,100,000 


90,741,000 
36,2(2,000 
14,317,000 
6. 446,000 
3,230,000 
3,909,000 

9,914,000 
13,075.000 
788,000 
1,801,000 
137,000 

2,800 
804,000 
25,000 


Value. 


82,604,000 


2,595,000 
1,041,000 
300,000 
481,000 
229,000 
71,000 

152,000 
216,000 
60,000 
32,000 
1,000 

100 
7,800 
200 


148,000 


500 
152,000 


1,400 
3.300 
133,000 


8,500 


280,000 
79,000 


8,800 
41,000 
1,800 


600 


0) 


100 
600 


1,200 


8,300 
8,400 


600 
800 


smo&K  ootnrrr. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


67,200,000 


66,8f>4.000 
21,026.000 
24,216,000 
2,017,000 
682,000 
10,254,000 

3,081,000 
l,5.S5.0OO 

270,000 
2,029.000 

387,000 


10,600 


6,«t)0 

'2se,'666 


310.000 
13,000 

•18,000 
8^680 


Value. 


81,563,000 


ALL  OTHXS  COUMUXS. 


(^uaniiiy 
(pounds). 


35,411,000 


1.572.000 
521.000 
520,000 
147,000 
62,000 
185,000 

57,000 
16.000 
24,000 
34.000 
3,500 


80O 


1,180 


(iOO 
'3,'466 


3,400 

m 

4,300 
8,600 


30,907,000 
9,501,000 
7,7.34.000 
1,735,000 
213,000 
1,498,000 

s.ofa.ooo 

1.0:!4.000 
567.000 
379.000 

2,878,000 

806.000 

56.000 
8(M.00U 
150.00(J 

430,000 
47,000 
24,600 
2,888 
54,688 

35,000 
20,000 
268,888 
116,060 

3.495,000 
2  2,913.000 
30.000 
•553,000 

466,000 
•451,000 
•»,660 

•152,000 

115,000 
'95,000 


131,000 


<  64,000  bushels. 
•2i00  bushels. 
•nyOBOj 


'  12,000  bushels. 
•  J  


1,888 


t 


164 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 

.CBUSKrrS— FBODUCTS  OF  SHORE  AND  BOAT  FISHERIES,  BY  COUNTY  DISTRICTTS:  1806. 


anosa. 


fisfa. 


PoUack.  

AJ*wivw  

SUvcK  hake,  or  whiting. 


Mackerel.. 

Hake  

Cunner... 
Taatog... 
AllMcam,( 


Sea  bass . . . 

Smelt  

Butterfish. 


Hafibut. 


Booito  

Blue  fish  

Ling  

-    ■  .jellov. 


Oysters  . 

Market.. 
Seed  


Squid. 

Crabs., 


TOTAL. 


OOUMTT. 


(poands, 


50.474,000 


$1,598,000 


41,554,000 
5,130,000 
12,807,000 

3,722.000 
2,22.5.000 
1,821,000 

3,042,000 
3,233,000 
5,011,000 
iV.OOO 
80,000 

255,000 
957,000 
102,000 
146.000 

91,000 

67,000 
16,000 
38,000 
19,000 
19,000 

30.000 
17.000 
73,000 
19.000 

m,m 

»2,965,000 
2,332,000 
616,000 
♦417,000 
•190,000 

•340,000 

» 112,000 
737.000 

1,665,000 
123,000 
5,800 


666,000 
133,000 
07,000 

81,000 
52.000 
52,000 

48,000 
35,000 
35,000 
30,000 
28,000 

19,000 
13,000 
6,600 
5,400 

5,400 

5,000 
2,500 
1,800 
1,700 
1,700 

1,700 
1,600 
1,300 
1,000 
7,«0i> 

36.5,000 
294.000 
121,000 
107,000 
14,000 

76,000 

29,000 
25,000 
17,000 
2,600 
1,300 


Cpoands, 


14,847,000 


12,264,000 
2,076,000 
4,287,000 


2,560,000 
617,000 
1,365,000 


28,000 
357,000 
73,000 
800 

8,800 

(») 
10,000 
3,600 


200 
400 


41,000 
7,500 

01,000 
0,300 


4,m 


▼ahw. 


$426,000 


141.000 
46,000 
36,000 
8,300 
•.100 


24.000 
3, 100 
3.400 
3,600 

0) 

2,300 
2,400 
4,000 

^'>300 

0) 
1,800 
200 
100 


(') 


3,700 

^So 


11,000 
300 
1,600 
200 


MO 


SUFFOLK  COUNTY. 


QoaaUty 

(pounds). 


8,761.000 


ViiM. 


8,253,000 
1,065,000 
4,856,000 


197,000 


712,000 
91,000 


20,000 


500 


400 

m,ooo 
an.oio 


61,000 

'iieiooo 


ALL  OTH£B  COUNTIES. 


$166,000 


108,000 
28,000 
30,000 
20,000 
7,400 


2,700 


7,100 

«,aoo 


1,«00 


100 


0> 

•,000 
I^IOO 


U,000 

"2,366 


26,866,000 


$1,006,000 


21,037,000 
1,988,000 
3,684,000 

2,  .513. 000 
1.477,000 
1,821,000 

1,185,000 
2,716,000 
2,014,000 

227,000 
600,000 


145,000 
83,000 

07,000 
6,000 
35,000 
15,000 
10,000 

30,000 
17,000 
73,000 
19,000 
172,000 

» 1,312.000 
1,210.000 
616,000 
4417,000 
•199,000 

•  349,000 
» 21,000 
730,000 
1,674,000 
400 
6,800 
l^OOO 


417,000 
69,000 
31,000 

52,000 
36,000 
52,000 

21,000 
32,000 
24,000 


17,000 
11,000 


6,400 

6,100 

6,000 
700 
1,680 

1,700 
1,700 

1,700 
1,600 
1,300 
1,000 
4,000 

202,000 
142,000 
121,000 

107,000 
14,000 

76,000 
6, 100 
25,000 
16,000 

^■>1.300 

u» 


Tabu  7.— MASSACHUSETTS— FISHERT  PRODUCTS:  U89,  1898,  1902,  1905,  AND  1MB. 


Vahw. 

\  (ptnnM). 

Total  

244.313.000 

$7,095,000 

255,654,000 

$7,025,000 

Cod  

72.819.000 

1.955,000 

62,263,000 

1,689,000 

Haddock.  

48.492,000 

1,038,000 

67,054,000 

1,060.000 

MMtad  

10.453.000 

761,000 

14,104,000 

966,000 

dams.  

13,060,000 

37H.  (XK) 

3,. 548, 000 

500,000 

Herring  

28.501,000 

342,000 

18.364,000 

382,000 

Pollack  

20,006.000 

313,000 

25.486,000 

268.000 

HaMbot.  

4,145.000 

310,000 

3,513,000 

218,000 

307,000 

i,m,m 

oo»«oo 

16,706,000 

294,000 

20,701,000 

258,000 

OB,«kaleand 

sperm  

> 3. 466, 000 

247,000 

3,9.34,000 

247,000 

»  1.084.000 

218.000 

996,000 

222,000 

^sters  

33,123,000 

032,000 

34,400,000 

1,090,000 

Vahw. 


(POUUUS). 


1202,258,000 


$4,4&1.000 


69,521.000 
39,220,000 
17,624,000 

3,134,000 

29,235.000 
12,176.000 
12,156.000 

14,358,000 

5, 137,000 
724.000 
25,666,000 


1,773,000 
802,000 
981,000 
288,000 

401,000 
118,000 
649,000 
175,080 


191,000  !  21,332.000 


71,315,000 
35,582,000 
6,703,000 
1,981.000 

22,  .363, 000 
7,084.000 
10,523,000 

- 


293,000 
134,000 
677,000 


3,119,000 
7(19.  >>IX) 
19,852,000 


Vaine. 


1,407,000 
420,000 
362,000 

153,000 

333,000 
43.000 
547,000 
148,000 

164,000 

199,000 
I,"*.  000 
532,000 


299,218,000 

76,342,000 
35,305,000 
6,687,000 

2,654,000 

9.931,000 
5.()t)9.(HH) 
0,888.000 
3,304,000 

6,354,000 

6,172,000 
2.')9, 000 
137,203,000 


$.'5,8.58,000 


2,013,000 
602,000 
585,000 

150,000 

91.000 
.5.5.000 
661,000 
141^000 

68,000 

489,000 
66,000 
931,000 


cnrr  dh 

TALUS. 


1006 


100 


28 
15 
11 
5 

5 
4 
4 
4 


3 
3 
13 


lOOB 


100 


24 
15 
14 
7 

5 
4 

3 
3 


looe 


100 


1  I 


27 
12 
15 
4 

6 

2 
10 

3 


5 
2 
10 


1896 


100 


32 
9 
8 
3 

7 
1 

12 
3 


5 
4 
12 


100 


34 
10 
10 

2 

2 
1 

11 
S 


8 
1 

10 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


165 


MICmOAN. 

Michigan  is  foremost  among  the  Great  Lakes  states 
in  value  of  fishery  products.  All  the  lakes,  with  the 
exception  of  Lake  Ontario,  touch  upon  the  state,  but 
Lakes  Michigan  and  Huron  contributed  tlie  Iwrger 
percentage  of  the  state  ykM. 

The  following  statement  presents  a  summary  of 
the  ehief  statistics  for  the  fiahenes  of  Michigan  in  1908: 

Number  <rf  penons  employed   ^ 

Oopital: 

Veasela  and  boats,  including  outfit   $594, 000 

Appanttu  of  capture   ^^l,  000 

Shore  and  accessory  i»operty  and  caA   599, 000 

Value  of  products   ^ .  '^"3. 000 

Comparison  vnili  preinous  canvasses. — Since  1890  a 
considerable  increase  is  manifest  in  the  quantity  and 
value  of  products.  No  statistics  of  comparative 
value  are  at  hand  for  Michigan  for  years  previous  to 
1890.  "^th  regard  to  the  Great  Lakes  the  Bureau  of 
Fisheries  stated,  as  a  result  of  the  investigation  of 
1885,  that,  "considered  as  a  whole,  the  fisheries  were 
mote  prolific  in  1885  than  they  had  ever  previously 
been." 

The  statistics  for  the  fisheries  of  the  Great  Lakes 
district  in  1885  are,  on  the  whole,  very  similar  to  those 
of  1890  and  show  figures  very  much  in  excess  of  those 
for  1880.  Since  signs  of  growth  appear  in  the  early 
statisties  of  the  fiaheiiee  of  this  re^pon,  it  may  be 


inferred  that  the  incraase  during  the  past  18  yean 

indicates  a  movement  extending  over  a  mncli  longer 
period.  Reasons  for  this  increase,  as  suggested  in 
1885,  include  the  increase  in  the  number  of  persons 
engagetl  in  the  work,  the  use  of  a  larger  numbw  of 
nets  and  other  apparatus  of  cloture,  and  more  exten- 
sive artificial  propagation.  In  additiim  to  these 
forces,  all  of  which  were  active  in  1885,  favorable 
legislation  has  fostened  the  growth  of  the  industry 
since  1800. 

Michigan  shares  so  largely  in  the  catch  from  all  but 
one  of  these  lakes  that  what  is  true  of  the  fisheries  of 
the  Great  Lakes  region  in  general  may  be  considered 
equally  true  of  the  Michigan  fisheries.   The  following 

comparative  summary  shows  the  principal  statistics 
for  the  various  canvasses  from  1890  to  1908,  inclusive: 


TBAa. 

1 

Fonons 

em- 
ployed, 
exclu- 

BMB. 

TiXCS  or  EQOmf  EIIT. 

( 

TotaL 

Vessels 
and 
boats, 
including 
outfit. 

Appa- 
ratus of 
capture. 

Quantity 
(poabds). 

Value. 

1908  

3.294 

01,415,000 

S>04,000 

1821,000 

,38,302,000 

$1,473,000 

1903  

3,348 

O8S,O0O 

304,000 

688,000 

35,l»9,000 

1,224,000 

2,068 

804,000 

280,000 

004,000 

32,360,000 

804,000 

1800.  

2,00 

880,000 

sn,ooo 

M0,000 

33,872,000 

004,«80 

Persons  employed. — Statistics  of  the  porsr.n-  em- 
ployed in  the  fisheries  of  Michigan  in  1908  are  given 
in  the  following  table: 


DISnDCT  AKB  CUM, 


Total  

Vessel  fisheries  

Transporting  vessels  

|boro£uud^boat  fisheries  

Lake  Michigan  distriet  

Vessel  fisheries  

Transporting  vessels  1  

Sbon  and  boat  fisheries  

I4to  Honn  district  

Vessel  fisheries  

Transporting  vcs.sels  

^weaad^boat  fisheries  

LAaSivariardiitrtet  

Vessel  fisheries  

Shore  and  boat  flsbeilM  

Shoresmen  

Erie  district  (shwe  and  boat  fisheries) 
LdnStCMr.  


rstaoNs  xMnoTB>:  1000. 


Katbcr. 

Total 

Proprie- 
tors and 
independ- 
eat  fisher- 
men. 

Salaried 
employees. 

Wase- 
eamers. 

3,472 

1  1.698 

8 

1.7ti6 

$533,000 

$6,600 

i$527,000 

501 
27 
2,766 
178 

117 
7 

1,574 

5 

379 

20 
1,189 
178 

174,000  I 

5,700 
289,000 
tV4,000 

3,000 

170.000 
5,700 
2S(i.000 
(i4,000 

3 

2,700 

1,208 

553 

1 

714 

236,000 

1,200 

235,000 

311 
& 
873 

79 

1,382 

98 
1 

454 

1 

212 
4 

419 

79 

C02 

100.000 

900 

103.000 
32.000 

196,000 

1,200 

99,000 
900 
103.000 
32,000 

191,000 

684 

6 

5,200 

131 
22 
1,148 
81 

.371 

14 
6 
664 

3 

114 

16 
481 

SI 

165 

51,000 
4,900 
115.000 
25,000 

1  57,000 

2,500 

49.000 
4,900 

112.000 
25.000 

57.000 

3 

2,700 

205 

1 

200 

59 
287 
IS 

300 

221 

5 
200 

1 

53 
07 
15 

MB 

32 

7,000 
04,000 

u.ooo 

200 

23.000 
27,000 
7,000 

u,m 

11.000 

07 
180 

218 
3 

180 

90 
3 

1 

10,000 
000 

I  Ezoliislve  of  53  iMopcletofs  not  fishing. 


*  Includes  provisions  furnished  to  the  value  of  $47,000. 


166 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


The  state  had  vessel  fisheries  m  three  of  the  €bmit 
Lakes— Lakes  Michigan,  Superior,  and  Huron — and 
634  vessel  fishermen  and  shoresmen  were  employed  in 
connection  with  such  fisheries.  The  number  of  shore 
and  boat  fishermen  and  their  employees,  including 
iimreamen,  amonntod  to  2^11.  AHtough  Lake  Alichi- 
San  had  a  produet  aboul  third  hogw  than  that  ol 
Lake  Huron,  tiia  pcnons  easflkffoA  in  firiui^  nam- 
hered  114  less. 

Equipment  and  other  capital. — Statistics  concerning 
the  investment  in  vessels,  boats,  and  apparatus  of 
capture,  and  the  other  capital  employed  in  the 
lahflriflB  ai  the  state,  are  giren  in  the  following  table, 
lor  the  state  and  for  tiie  avmal  lakes  and  their 
tribntaiy  watera: 


Total. 


VtimIt,  inrliKiicg  outfit. 
SUiin.c  

Vessels  

Outfit  

Iknsporting  

Ygy~....... 

JMnlH  of  capture. . . 

VflHBl  fisheries  

Sbore  and  boat  fish- 


TlUn  or  KQUIFMENT  AMD  OMBK  *»*1fftlir  MS. 


TMiU. 


IS,  013, 000 


1807,000 


and  accessory 


327.000 
306,000 
242.000 
64,000 
22,000 
20.000 
1.800 
267.000 
217.000 
24,000 
21,000 
5,200 
821,000 
319,000 

502,000 

484,000 
114,000 


Lake 
Michi- 
gan dis- 
trict. 


19G.000 

m.ooo 

151,000 
41.000 
4.100 
3,800 
400 
105.000 
97.000 
3. 100 
5.500 
400 
377,000 
192,000 

185,000 

148.000 
70,000 


Lake 
Huron 
district. 


1733,000 


89,000 
72,000 
55.000 
17. COO 
17,000 
16,000 
1,500 
96,000 
71.000 
18.000 
5.100 
1,700 
281,000 
81,000 

200,000 

235.000 
32,000 


Lake 
Superior 
district. 


1326,000 


41,000 
41.000 
36,000 
5,800 


35,000 
29,000 

3.200 
3,300 
200 
105,000 
46,000 

58,000 

36,000 
8,200 


Lake 
Erie 
district. 


BU,000 


19,000 
14,000 


2,700 
2,900 
51,000 


51,000 

41.000 

u» 


Lake 
St.  Clair 
district. 


$46,000 


10,000 
5,900 


4,200 

'8,666 


8,000 

25,000 
3,600 


The  statement  at  top  of  not  eohimn  gives  detailed 
statistics  of  the  numbier  and  tomuii^  ol  tdbwcIii  and 
the  number  of  boats. 


vummmim. 

TOBSLB  AND  BOAIK  1908. 

Total. 

Lake 
Mfchi- 
gan  dis- 
trict. 

Lake 

Huron 
district. 

LttB 

Superior 
district. 

LakB 

Erie 
district. 

LakB 

StOair 
district. 

Vcnels: 

Fishing — 

Number  

97 
1,407 

13 

73 

1.647 
445 
210 
879 
113 

72 
879 

3 
17 
.540 
201 
47 
284 
8 

17 
323 

11 
56 

674 
133 
128 

226 
87 

8 
205 

Tonnage  

Transporting— 
Number  

Boats,  number  

Steam  and  motor... 

Sail  

210 
(.2 
35 

112 
1 

i67 
36 

IM 
IS 

Row  

Other  

114 
17 

Mi 

The  shore  and  accessory  property  of  the  vessel 
fisheries  was  valued  at  $137,000,  that  of  the  shore  and 
boat  fisheries  at  $344,000,  and  that  of  transporting 
vessels  at  $3,500.  Of  the  cash  capital,  $67,000  is 
credited  to  the  vessel  fisheries,  $46,000  to  the  shore 
and  boat  fisheries,  and  $600  to  transporting  vessels. 
The  total  investment  comprised  $829,000  invested  in 
vessel  fisheries,  $1,159,000  in  shore  and  boat  fisheries, 
and  $29,000  in  transporting  vessels.  No  sailing  ves- 
sels were  used,  and  the  number  of  sailboats  was  com- 
paratively small. 

Gill  nets  and  pound  and  trap  nets  were  the  prmcipal 
kinds  of  apparatus  of  capture.  All  of  these  nets  were 
used  in  both  classes  of  fisheries,  but  gill  nets  were 
used  in  vessel  fidieries  almost  to  the  exclusion  of  other 
apparatus,  while  pound  and  trap  nets  were  more 
generally  used  in  shove  and  boat  fisheries.  Hie  same 
conditions  were  apparent  at  all  previous  canvasses. 
On  Lake  Superior,  however,  gill  nets  were  used  in 
much  greater  numbers  than  pound  and  trap  nets  in 
shore  and  boat  fisheries  as  well  as  in  vessel  fisheries. 

The  number  (rf  the  various  kinds  of  apparatus 
lepcvted  was  as  foBows: 


MtMom  or  caitiibb:  190S. 

TMaL 

Distributed  by  districts. 

1  ^^^^^^^ 

Lake 

Lake 

Lake 

Lake 
dMrtet 

Lake  St 

Oak 
dMfiet. 

Shrareand 

Fyke  and  huup  mM.  

1,069 
55,673 
553 
2,232 
120 
130 

6M 

10,341 
206 
1,1M 
SI 

8 

7,642 

361 

6 
2 
345 

u,m 

663 

2,197 
119 
130 

zi,m 

36,783 

ISSSr^^^i^,^..:::::::::::::::  

m 
t 

» 

5 

387 
130 

 1 

 " 

iVsAiefe, ly  spedm—ttiAb  1, on  page  170,  gives  the 
weight  and  value  of  the  product  of  the  Ifidiigan  &her- 
ies,  by  species  and  i4>paratus  of  ei^iture  tor  1908. 

Twenty-three  species  were  taken  in  the  fisheries 
of  Michigan.  Lake  trout  ranked  first,  the  value  of 
this  species,  fresh  and  salted,  formmg  29  per  cent 
of  the  value  of  all  products  of  the  state.  Whitefish  of 
al  kiMk;  Ml,  sBMlEed,  and  salted,  including  the 
loagiew  and  Menominee  varieties  and  aim  whttc&h 


caviar,  stood  next  to  lake  trout  in  importance,  its 
value  forming  23  per  cent  of  the  value  of  all  fishery 
products  from  the  state;  whitefish  alone,  fresh, 
salted,  and  smdced,  ccmtributed  20  per  cent  <rf  the 
value  of  all  products.  Lake  herring  were  taken  in 
greater  quantities  than  trout  and  whitefish  combined. 
The  weight  of  this  species  formed  39  per  cent  of  the 
weight  of  all  fishery  products,  but  its  value  formed 
only  21  per  cent  of  the  total  value.    Suckers,  and  the 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


various  pike  perches  eombined,  ranked  next  in  value, 
^nie  value  of  these  five  species  formed  87  per  ooit  of 
the  value  of  the  entire  state  fishery  product. 

Products,  hy  fisJiing  grouruls. —Ttihhs  2  to  6,  on  pages 
170  to  172,  give,  by  species  and  apparatus  of  capture, 
the  quantities  and  values  of  the  products  of  the  Midii- 
gan  fisheries  in  1908  for  Lakes  Michigan,  Huron, 
Superior,  Erie,  and  St.  dan-,  respectively.  The  lakes 
ranked  in  the  order  named  with  respect  to  value  of 
products.  The  following  tabular  statement  gives  the 
value  of  the  chief  species,  for  the  state  and  for  the 
respective  lakes,  ranked  according  to  the  value  for  the 
state  as  a  whole: 


Total. 


Fiah  

Trout  

Herring,  lake  

White&i  

Sooken.  

Pike  perch  (wall- 
eyed pOoe)  

Perch,  yellow  

Carp,  German  

Wtuteflsh,  longjaw... 
Fika  and  pickerel  . 
Catfish  and  bullheads 
stTirf;(>on  aadeaviar. 

Whitefish, 

nee  

All  other.. 
Another  


TAWS  or  nKWOCis:  1908. 


TotaL 


$1,473,000 


Lake 


1,472,000 
424,000 
304,000 
297,000 
117,000 

93,000 
73,000 
65,000 
36,000 
32,000 
12.000 
8.000 

6.200 
14,0()(» 
1,2(X) 


(MiO.OOO 
206,000 
206,000 
183,000 
33,000 

4,500 
12,000 

100 
3,000 
1.800 

200 
3.500 

r>.  tiOO 
1.700 
-800 


Lake 

HUTMl 

lUiilffct. 

Lake 
Siqierior 
dlBtriet. 

Lake 
Brie 
dlstriet. 

Lake 
St  Clair 
district. 

$48)1,000 

$201,000 

201.000 
129,000 
26,000 
38,000 
2,900 

800 

$93,000 

$32,000 

486,000 
89,000 
72,000 
60,000 
76,000 

7fi.000 
53,000 
11,000 
30,000 
4.200 
7.500 
1,400 

700 
4,000 

93,000 

32,000 

100 
lft,000 
4,600 

700 

12,000 
3,700 
11,000 

4,000 
33,000 

3,000 

1.000 

24,000 
3,600 
1,000 

■'oiMO' 
*400 

1,400 
500 
1,800 

"iVsoo 

400 

I  Less  than  $100. 


2  Mussels. 


3  Muslcrat  skins. 


The  fisheries  in  Lake  Michigan  furnished  45  per 
cent  both  of  the  weight  and  of  the  value  of  the  entire 
Michigan  product.  The  yield  of  Lake  Huron  was 
next  to  that  of  Lake  Michigan,  contributing  34  per 
oent  of  the  weight  and  33  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the 
catdi  of  the  entire  state.  Of  the  ei^t  i^ecies  taken 
in  Lake  Superior,  trout  was  the  most  important,  repre- 
senting 47  per  cent  of  the  weight  and  64  per  cent  of  the 
value  of  the  products  of  this  lake.  A  similar  prepon- 
derance of  trout  appeared  in  both  the  vessel  fisheries 
and  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries.  Whitefish  and  her- 
ring made  up  the  hulk  of  the  remaining  product  in 
hoth  classes  of  the  Lake  Superior  fi^ries. 

Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the  Lake  Erie  fish- 
eries of  Michigan  were  all  of  the  shore  and  boat  class, 
15  species  of  fish  were  taken.  The  catch  of  this  lake 
represented  only  8  per  cent  of  the  quantity  and  6  per 
cent  of  the  value  of  the  state  product.  No  lake  trout 
were  reported  as  taken  in  the  fisheries  ol  Lake  Erie 
and  the  lake  herring  taken  formed  only  a  ne^igible 
proportion  of  the  product.  The  German  carp,  a  minor 
species  in  the  state  as  a  whole,  was  the  most  important 
product  of  this  lake,  the  Lake  Erie  catch  of  this  species 
representing  over  one-half  of  tlio  quantity  and  over 
one-third  of  the  value  of  the  total  catch  of  Lake  Erie 
for  Micliigan,  and  69  per  oent  of  the  weight  and  60  per 
eent  of  the  vahie  of  the  catch  of  this  ^ecies  in  the 
•tate. 


Lake  St.  Clair  supplied  about  2  per  cent  of  the 
Michigan  fishery  piothict.  The  leading  species  was 
wall-eyed  pike.  German  carp  ranked  next  in  value. 
These  two  species  contributed  72  per  c^t  of  the 
weight  and  71  per  cent  of  the  value  <rf  the  total  pro- 
duct of  this  lake. 

Products,  hy  doss  of  fisheries. — Tables  7  and  8,  on 
pages  172  and  173,  give  the  products  taken  in  the  vessel 
fisheries  and  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  of  Michigan, 
respectively,  by  species  and  by  apparatus  of  capture. 
The  following  tabular  statement  gives  the  value  of  the 
products,  by  class  of  fisheries  and  by  species,  ranked 
according  to  the  value  reported  for  the  state  as  a  whole : 


TAtm  or  noiracn:  1908. 


Total. 


Fish  

Trout  

llerriug,  lake  

Whitefish  

Suclcers  

Pike  iHTch  (wall-eyed  pike).. 

I'en-h,  y>'ilo\v  

Carp.  '  icniiun  

Whiicfi.^h,  lonpjaw  

Tike  and  pickerel  

Catfish  and  bullheads  

StufReon  and  raviar  

Whitefi-sh,  Menominee  

All  other  

MuMls  and  muskrat  sluos  


TotaL 


$1,473,000 

1,472,000 
424.000 
304,000 

297,000 
117,000 
9.1,000 

7.'?,  oai 

55,000 
36,000 
32,000 
12.000 
K.OOO 
6,200 
14,000 
1,200 


Vessel 


Shore  and 
boat 


sac,  000 


816,000 

266,000 
102.000 
110.000 
1,900 
800 
900 

^000 
400 
100 
700 

800 


•957,000 


956,000 
158,000 
202,000 

187,000 
ll.->,000 
9:!.  000 
72,000 
65,000 
3,100 
32,000 
12,000 

7,:«)0 

0,200 
13.000 
1,200 


tLcaattaamOk 


Prodwit,  hy  apparahu  (jf  capture. — ^Pound  nets  and 
gill  nets  hoth  took  large  shares  of  the  total  catch. 
The  larger  quantity  is  reported  for  pound  nets,  but 
gill  nets  are  credited  with  tlie  greater  value  of  the 
product.  Combined,  these  two  kinds  of  apparatus  took 
a  quantity  representing  85  per  cent  of  the  total  weight 
and  86  pa*  cent  of  the  total  value. 

The  vahie  of  tiie  eatdi,  by  kinds  of  apparatus,  for 
the  state  and  the  respective  lake  distiicta,  is  given  in 
the  following  tabular  atatement: 


TALUS  or  products:  1008. 

Total. 

Lake 
Michi- 

district. 

Lake 
Huron 

Lake 
Superior 
dirtrict. 

Lake 
Erie 
district 

Lake 
dtaMat 

11,473.000 

1661,000 

$486,000 

$201,000 

$93,000 

$32,000 

715,000 

650,000 
M,000 
66,000 
8,000 

7,tn 

420,000 

224,000 

1,300 
16^000 

140,000 

269.000 
58.000 
13,000 
3,200 

156,000 

29,090 
100 
400 

16,000 

(') 

Found  nets,  trap  nets. 

20,000 
36,000 
27,000 
700 
400 

FykaaodlioiviMlt  

100 
13,000 
17,000 

t  Less  than  SIOO. 

In  Lake  Superior  gill  nets  were  most  important  by  a 
wide  margin  in  both  classes  of  fisheries  and  they  were 
also  the  leading  apparatus  of  capture  in  Lake  Michigan, 
but  in  Lake  Erie  they  were  not  used,  and  in  Lalse  St. 
CSair  they  were  used  but  little.  Pound  and  trap  nets, 
which  were  the  most  important  appaimtus  of  Mpture 


168 


FISHlilUES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


on  Lake  Huron,  oite  tiiiir  promiiMBee  in  part  to  tiittr 

wide  adaptability.   Fyke  and  hoop  nets,  seines,  ftnd 
linos  were  next  in  order.    Lake  trout  contributed 
more  than  half  of  the  value  of  the  gill-net  catch,  and 
whitefish  and  herring  furnished  the  greater  part  of  the 
limMiiMUii ;  idiile  lake  herring  and  whitefish  composed 
wamm  tliMi  on^lialf  off  the  pound  and  tvap  net  catch. 
Of  tbe  products  taken  with  fyk»  and  hoop  nets, 
wckers  were  the  leading  qpecies,  hot  although  the 
quantity  of  this  species  taken  was  more  than  double 
that  of  any  other,  except  German  carp,  it  contributed 
only  a  httle  more  than  a  third  of  the  value  of  the  total 
fiodnU  itkm  hj  this  class  of  nets.   Fyke  and  hoop 
nets  wece  used  to  a  greater  extent  in  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries  off  Lake  Huron  than  eiwwhew,  hut  they  wero 
of  the  greatest  relative  importance  on  Lake  Erie.  In 
Lakes  Erie  and  St.  Clair,  as  a  result  of  the  prevalence 
of  carp,  seines  were  among  the  most  important  forms 
of  apparatus  of  capture  used.    Carp  contributed  68 
pv  €«t  <rf  the  value  of  the  seine  capture  of  the  state. 
Of  th«  vnhM  of  ^tm  total  fine  «artch,  60  par  cent  repre- 
■wted  lake  trout.   Every  district  and  daas  of  fiahei^ 
im,  except  the  vessel  fisheries  of  Lake  Bami,  leported 
jndacts  taken  with  lines. 

lake  trout— Three  species— lake  trout,  whitefish, 
and  lake  herring— made  up  approximately  70  per  cent 
•I  the  fialiery  prodnct  off  Ificfaigan.  Lake  trout  fur- 
mM  29  per  cent  of  the  tahie,  though  only  18  per 
cent  of  the  weight,  of  the  state  fisheiy  product. 
About  4  per  cent  of  the  catch  was  salted,  hut  the  gen- 
eral practice  in  n^^^ard  to  this  fish  was  to  inM^H  it 
fresh. 

Tfco  fuflmwiag  tabular  statement  shows  the  quantity 
^■fci*  of  the  oaftdi  reported  at  the  various  can- 
WM  from  1890  to  190fl^  meiiMive.  Since  1903  a 
hmrj  decrease  in  quantity  has  taken  plaee,  hut 

prices  have  hen  aoeh  as  to  kaap  th«  mdM  T«7 

the  same. 


TEAM. 

ummwm  noovct. 

QiMntitT 
(pooDds). 

ValiM. 

6.798.000 
9,  (iSS.  000 
6,G»1,000 

9,m,m 

$424,000 
42e,000 
260,000 

m,m 

W7i it ffsh.— This  product  ranked  second  in  value  of 
catch  among  all  fishery  products  of  Michigan.  Two 
■pHMS  n  addition  to  the  comimon  species  were 
tahai,  and  a  small  anoont  off  caviar  was  made  from 
the  9ggs.  The  totals  given  in  the  tabular  statement 
fi«MJUted  below  are  for  all  of  these  species  comUned, 
inchiding  caviar.  The  great  bulk  of  the  catch 
was  sold  fresh,  but  a  small  percentage  was  salted  and 
•  Teiy  small  amount  smoked.  The  quantity  taken  by 
An  ihen  and  boat  firiMriea  was  about  a  fifth  larger 
1^  that  taken  hy  tho  ▼esMl  fiaheiies,  and  hrou^t 


s^^itly  higher  pnoes.  This  fish  was  taken  in  each  of 
the  five  lakes,  but  oonaiderahly  m<»e  than  half  came 

from  Lake  Michigan.   Lakee  Erie  and  St.  Qair  con- 

tributed  but  small  proportions  of  the  total.  White- 
fish  has  experienced  a  marked  recovery  from  the  down- 
ward movement  apparent  in  1899  and  1903,  but  the 
yield  in  1908  was  still  far  below  that  in  1890  with 
respect  to  quantity,  although  the  demand  made  its 
yalue  greater  than  the  vahie  reported  for  any  previous 
year  for  which  statistics  are  available.  Comparative 
figures  for  the  various  caavanea  bcginni^  with  1896 
are  given  below: 


TEAR. 

WHITEFISH  PBODVCb 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

1908  

4,775,000 
5.825.000 
4,016.000 

S339.000 
271,000 
173,000 

1**03                                                                        *  '* 

Lake  herring. — Tliis  fish  was  taken  in  greater  quan- 
tities than  lake  trout  and  whitefish  combined,  but  its 
value  was  less  than  that  of  either  of  these  species. 
Lake  herring  represented  39  per  cent  of  the  weight  and 
21  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  total  prodnct.  Nearly 
two-thirds  of  the  catch  was  salted,  practically  all  of 
the  salting  bemg  done  by  the  shore  and  boat  fishermen, 
who  in  1908  treated  over  three-fourths  of  their  lake- 
herring  product  in  this  way.  This  fish  was  not  taken 
in  Lake  St.  Clair,  nor  in  more  than  a  negligible  quantity 
in  Lake  Erie. 

The  total  lake-herriog  catch  in  1908  exceeded  in 
quantity  and  value  that  of  any  previous  year  for  which 
statistics  are  available.    The  figures  f(w  tiie  moro 
cent  canvasses  are  as  follows: 


TBAB. 

LAKE-HEBKma 

nuwoct. 

Quantity 
(poaadsj. 

Value. 

14.787.000 
9,933,000 

12,966,000 
6,304,000 

S304.000 
220.000 
248.000 
87,000 

8ueker8.—Tbia  sp&caes  conteibuted  12  per  cent  of 
the  weight  and  8  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  state 

fishery  product,  the  catch  in  1908  being  scarcely  in- 
ferior to  that  of  whitefish  in  weight,  but  only  about 
one-third  as  valuable.  Only  a  small  portion  of  the 
total  product  of  this  species  was  salted,  and  almost 
all  of  the  quantity  so  treated  came  from  Lake  Michi- 
gan. Nearly  seven-tenths  of  the  catch  was  made  by 
pound  and  trap  nets,  and  the  bulk  of  the  remaindw 
was  taken  by  fyke  and  hoop  nets.  This  species  has 
shown  a  steady  increase  both  in  the  weight  and  in  the 
value  of  the  yield,  as  indicated  by  the  foUowiug 
tabular  statement: 


TSAB. 

flUVUK  raODUCT. 

Qnaatity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

4.4(;7,000 
4,087,000 

JUT. 000 
85.000 
M.00O 

Pil-e  perches. — Under  this  head  are  included  the 
blue  pike,  the  sauger  pike,  and  the  wall-eyed  pike, 
which  is  many  times  more  important  than  the  two 
first-named  species  in  the  catch  of  this  state.  The 
blue  pike  was  taken  only  in  the  vessel  fidieries,  while 
the  others  were  taken  almost  exclusively  in  the  shore 
and  boat  fisheries.  All  of  the  blue-pike  product  was 
from  Lake  Michigan,  and  all  of  the  salted  sauger  pike 
came  from  the  vessel  fisheries  of  the  same  district. 
Most  of  the  catch  of  fresh  sauger  pike  was  from  Lake 
Erie.  About  four-fifths  of  thewaU-eyedpikecamefrom 
Lake  Huron,  while  most  of  the  remsindor  was  finmiLafce 
St.  Clair,  of  which  this  is  the  leading  product,  meas- 
ured by  value.  In  Lake  Huron  this  species  was  taken 
chiefly  by  pound  and  trap  nets  and  in  I^ake  St.  Clair 
chiefly  by  lines.  A  greater  quantity  of  sauger  pike  was 
taken  with  fyke  and  hoop  nets  than  with  pound  and 
trap  nets,  the  only  other  class  of  apparatus  for  which 
]HPoduct  of  any  in^rtance  was  rq>orted.  For  the  cap- 
ture of  blue  pike  gill  nets  were  used  exclusively.  The 
yield  of  pike  perch  was  less  in  1908  than  in  any  of  the 
years  for  which  a  canvass  has  been  made,  but  its  value 
was  exceeded  only  by  that  of  the  catch  of  1903. 
Figures  for  the  various  canvasses  are  presented  in  the 
following  tabular  statement: 


TBAB. 

inCB-nBCB  nODDCT. 

(^Matity 

Value. 

1,194,000 
2,318.000 
1,988.000 
>  2,690.000 

S98,000 
127,000 
92,000 
> 87,000 

1  Includes  pike. 


Yellow  percJi.— This  species  contributed  about  5  per 
cent  of  the  value  of  the  state  products,  and  was  taken 
almost  wholly  by  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries.  Lake 
Huron  furnished  almost  three-fourths  <^  the  total 
Tihie  of  the  yellow  perch  caught  and  JLake  Ififdiigan 


BY  STATES.  160 

the  greater  part  of  the  remainder.  Over  three-fourths 
of  the  Lake  Huron  jMroduct  was  takm  with  pound  and 
trap  nets,  and  fyke  and  hoop  nets  ranked  next  in  im- 
portance among  the  kinds  of  apparatus  used.  In 
Lake  Michigan  gill  nets  took  nearly  as  great  a  quan- 
tity as  pound  and  trap  nets,  and  the  catch  was  of 
greater  value;  all  but  a  small  part  of  the  catch  was 
taken  by  these  two  forms  of  apparatus.  The  yellow- 
perch  catch  has  increased  in  value  steadily,  but  the 
quantity  takmi  in  1908,  thou^  greater  than  that 
taken  in  1903,  was  mneh  less  than  the  catch  in  1899  or 
1890. 


TKLLOW-PEBCB 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

loos  m 

1 H90 .  •  ,»«««««»»•■.»••••••.>•••••••••••■•••••■•■••••••••••••••• 

2.378,000 
2.257.000 
:{.i:iT,(KK) 
3,029,000 

rs.ooo 

.'a.  000 
•ll.OOO 
40.000 

German  carp. — This  species  is  mentioned  sepai'utely 
because  it  has  risen  from  an  infmor  rank  to  one  of 
prominence  since  the  last  canvass.  Thou|^  con- 
tributing <nyy  6  per  cent  of  the  quantity  and  3  per 
cent  of  the  value  of  the  state  product  in  1908,  Ger- 
man carp  ranked  seventh  in  value  and  the  quantity 
caught  was  greater  than  that  of  jellow  perch.  It 
was  not  taken  in  Lake  Superior,  nor  to  any  extent  in 
Lake  Michigan,  but  it  contributed  over  <mo-half  of  the 
weight  and  over  one-tiiird  of  the  Talue  of  the  total 
fishery  px>duct  reported  for  Lake  Erie,  to  wfaidi  lake 
over  two-thirds  of  the  weight  of  the  Micliigan  capture 
of  carp  is  credited.  The  shore  and  boat  fi.sheries  of 
Lake  Huron  reported  about  one-half  of  the  weight  and 
over  one-half  of  the  value  of  the  product  not  taken 
in  Lake  Erie,  while  Lake  St.  dair  r^mrted  most  of 
the  remainder. 


QmntttT 

(pomxls). 

lOOS -  a  >•••*•••*•«••••••                         ^*  v***********************'  •  •  • 

X003  ■  m                                                                                                                                        ■■■•••■•■•■••••as  •  •  • 

2,459.000 
580,000 
218,000 

S.5.5.000 
10.000 
4,300 

170 


FISH£RI£S  OF  TH£  UNIT£D  STAT£8^  1908. 

Tams  l.-iaOTIGAN— nSHBBT  PBOOUGTS:  IMS. 


Ibh: 

Blat  k  bass  

Carp.  German  

Caiash  and  bullheads.. 

Dofrfish,  or  bowfin  , 

Dram,  or  sb< 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Hening,  lake ..... 
lioK,  orUwyar... 

Muskallun^  

Perch,  yellow  

Pike  and  pickereL. 


PikepenkfUneptts). 

Pike  perafc  |MMr)  

nke  pewh  (waiiaf' 


Suckers  

Sunfish  

Troiit  


White  bass  

White&sii  

Whitefish  (longjaw).. 
Wbiteflsfa  ( M—ihm). 


AB  other. 


muskrat. 


2.300 
2, 459,000 
270,000 
85,000 
186,080 

14,787.000 
10.000 

4.000 
2.37S,000 
478,000 

27,000 
100,000 


1, 


Value. 


57,000 
1.200 
4,467.000 

48.000 
6,T9S.O0O 

37.000 
3,753,000 
870.000 
149.000 

2.300 
8,700 

200,000 

aoo 


'  In  -l  iJes  apparitns,  with  catch, 
tattri^'-.  MM  pounds,  valued  at  S400. 
J  Less  than  SIOO. 
*  Less  than  100  pounds. 


400 

55,000 
12.000 
1,-200 
1,800 

304,000 
100 

400 

vi.ooo 

32,000 

700 

3.500 

93,000  I 

7,100 
900 

117,000 
1.300 

4^,  WJ 

1,800 
297,000 
36,000 

6.200 
200 
100 

800 


Gill  nets. 


Qiuinti!  y 
(pounds). 


u,m,m 


100 
300 
7.100 


1,7M 

1,909 

20-1. 
9,400 

27,000 
400 

25,000 


Poond  iMts,  trap 
Mia,  and  w«iiB. 


fns,«09 


1*1 


MO 


(«) 


200 
241,000 
134,000 
13,000 
9a^M0 


W,MQ  16^9Mk000 


i.on 


»6,000 
800 

5.845,000 

700 
2,045,000 
Ml.OW 


7,400 

100 

L'DO  l,52ti,0O0 
jOO  I  221,000 


700 

(') 

2,000 


VatM. 


(») 

4,500 
6,000 
200 


170,000 
100 

(') 
-13.000 
15,000 


Fyke  and  hoop 
neta. 


Seines. 


Lines. 


An  oth«r  appa- 
ratus.' 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


2,U5,0m 


lM,om 


44,000 
726,000 


37,000 
1,100 
7,900  3,101.000 
(*)      '  23,000 
366,000  453,000 

(')  i  9,200 
158,000  1,663,000 


36,000 


9,700 
47.000 
1,600 
8,100 


1,200 


4,600 
800 
72,000 
500 
27,000 

400 
135,000 
300 

L'XK) 
200 
100 


491,000 
105,000 
72,000 

9t,m 

13,000 
4,300 
1,000 

9n 

2,400 
800 

100 

(') 

4.30,  two 
207,000 

id, 666" 

15,000 

64,000 

2,300 

13,000 
M,MO 

i,aoo 

1,MB 

i,aw 

100 

950,000 
8,600 
(') 

34,000 
300 
(») 

26,000 
34,000 

1,300 
3,100 

Value  Value  Vihie 

(pounds).  (pounds;. 


s.on,ooo 


1,607,000 
17,000 


MO 

3,400 


300 
44,000 
16,000 


200 

107,000 
4,0W 

500 
100 
149,000 
5, 100 
1,600 

600 
4,700 
100 
100 


100 


500 


155,000 


37,000 
700 


100 


1,5(J0 
1,100 


855,000 


2,000 
8,000 
5,000 


(») 

10,000 
200 

100 

3,200 
100 
100 

(') 
400 

'«1 


(*) 


U,OM 

100 

iiiVooo 

6,300 


$52,000 


400 
200 
400 


500 

(») 

.5,' 400 
300 


Quantity  . 
(pounds). 


301,000 


22,000 
1,500 
200 


148,000 
4,000 

17,000 
100 
2,000 
2.000 
498,000 


5,('>00 


10,000 
200 

2,200 
100 
100 
100 
31,000 


400 


3.  coo 
>S.  100 
18,000 


39,000 


8,000 


200.000 
300 


Tau  S.~liI€fiIGAN— FI8HERT  PBODUGTB  OF  LAKE  MIGHIOAN  DISTRICT:  190B. 


17,000 


309 
1« 


300 
400 
600 


800 


SS^i  and  bullheads. 
Drum,  or  sheepdiead. 
UeRing,  lake,  mrii. . . 


LIni!,  or  lawyer  

P«f  h,  yellow  

Pike  arid  pickerel  

Pike  perch  (bhie  pilcei  

Pike  perch  (wall-eyed  pike). 


Stunieon  

Sturgeon  caviar. . 

Suckers,  fresh  

Suckers,  salted  

Trout,  fresh  

Trout,  sal  ted  


Witteflsh,  fresh  

VMteash,  salted  

White  fish  (longjaw),  fresh . 


White&sh 


ABoHier. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


a,M9 

2,500 
24,000 
2,925,000 
•,«i^Mi 

8,300 
348,000 
21,000 
27,000 
52,000 

21,000 
800 
1,223.000 
216.000 

3.214.000 
70,000 

2,000 
2,172,000 
137,000 
W,9H 


M,M9 

•1,000 

2. 100 
1,300 

200,000 


Value. 


(pauads). 


100 
200 
400 
108,000 

9i^«» 

100 
12.000 
1,800 

700 
4,500 

2,800 
700 
28.000 
4.600 
203,000 
3,600 

100 

174,000 
8,600 

3,  on 


1,MB 

4.200 

200 
100 

800 


▼■taw. 


700 
1,700 
2,123,000 

1,900 
140,000  i 

1,700 
27.000 
1,600 

600 


135,000 
67,000 
2,873,000 
65,000 

700 
1,403,000 
35,000 
93,000 


33,000 

64.000 
600 
400 


(•) 

100 

(') 

102,000 


0) 

5,400 
100 
700 
100 


100 


4.400 

1.900 
180.000 
3,400 

(•) 
112,000 
2,200 
2,800 


1,2M 

2.600 
100 
(') 


nets,  trap  nets, 
andivein. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


9,aa9,om 


3,500 
1,300 
22,000 
489,000 
«,497,9N 

6,400 
143,000 
19,000 


50,000 

20,000 
800 
1,070.000 
145.000 
172,000 
4,700 

1,300 
763,000 
102,000 

4,2W 


3,9n 

37,000 
1,500 

9m 


Value. 


t224,000 


100 
100 
400 
5,200 
97,0W 

100 
4,600 
1,700 


Quantity 
(ponmds). 


246,000 


Value. 


915,000 


4,400 

2,700 
700 
23,000 

2.(100 
10.000 
200 

100 
02,000 
6,400 
2W 


IM 

1,600 
100 
100 


11,000 


100 
59,000 
300 


(») 


ft,9m 


soo 


(•) 

1,900 
0) 


Seines. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


31,000 


Value. 


Crowfoot  dredges, 
etc. 


31,300 


500 


2,« 


6,600 


m 


i9,om 

ft,9M 

i,9n 


IW 


300 


0) 


6W 
1« 
IM 


Quantity 
(ponadB). 


200,000 


Value. 


200,000] 


MO 


il8HJi^Ea£S,  BY  STATES. 

Tabu  8.-MIGHIGAN— FISHERY  PRODUCTS  OF  LAKE  HURON  DISTRICT:  UOB. 


171 


Total. 


Garp,  Gennan  

Gatosh  and  bullheads. 
P<>gflsh,crbowfln.... 
Dram,  or  dieepdiead . 


Beolng,  lake,  frosh.. 
BcRing,  lake,  salted. 

tach,  yellow  

Pike  and  pk:kerd. . . 


POt*  perch  (sauser),  (Iresh.... 
Pike  perch  (walteyed  pike). 

Rock  bass  

Sturgeon  

BIVfMBWTte  


Suckers,  tnA.. 
Suckers,  salted. 

Sunfish  

Trout,  fresh  

Trout,  salted... 


Whiteflsh,  fresh  

Whiteflsh,  salted  

Whiteflsh,  smoked  

Whiteflsh  (loiiL'jaw),  fresh  

WhitefLsh  (Menoniinec),  fresh — 
Whiteflsh  (Menominee), 
salted  


Quantity 
(pounds). 


i2,aa,M0 


MM,OM 


407,000 
174,000 
82.000 
9,100 

1,239,000 
2,824,000 
1,805,000 
63,000 

3,500 
829,000 
48,000 
9,900 
300 

2,566,000 
9,400 
34,000 

1,353,000 
5,800 

693,000 

13,000 
13,000 
728,000 

19,000 

3,000 
100 
l,9M 


Value. 


11,000 
7,600 
1,900 
100 

21,000 
51,000 
53,000 
4,200 

100 
76,000 
1,700 
1,200 
1« 

76,000 
200 
900 

89,000 
200 

58,000 
600 
1.200 
30,000 

600 

100 

%. 


raoDucr  ckvom  by— 


Pound  nets,  trap 
nets,  and  weirs. 


8,n9,on 


Quantity  ^  j 
(pounds). 


3269,000 


149,000 
118,000 
13,000 
8,M» 

1,121,000 
2,824,000 
1,362,000 
37,000 

3,100 
668,000 
13,000 
9,400 
300 

1,64.5.000 
9,200 
23,000 
113,000 
3,900 

447,000 

13,000 


700 

3,900 

2,700 
IflO 

i,9n 


2,900 
5,300 
3M 
MO 

Ki.OOO 
51,000 
37,000 
2,400 

100 
61,000 
400 
1,200 
100 

42,000 
200 
."iOO 
(i.SOO 
200 

39,000 
GOO 


Gill  nets. 


Fyke  and  hoop 

IK-;.-;. 


Quantltv 
(pouuds). 


2,468,000 


3140.000  1,5:0,000 


(') 

6,300 


115,000 


64,000 
7,000 

100 
23,000 


400 


(2) 


100 
100 


53,000 
200 
H(K) 
1,  105. 010 
2,000 

245,000 
100 
13.000 
727,000 

15,000 

300 


Value. 


QnantitT 
(pounds). 


Value. 


(•) 
200 


4,800 


1,800 
300 

(«) 

1,800 


100 


1.300 

(5) 


207,000 
39,000 
60,000 


1,900 


342,000 
15,000 

200 
11,000 
36,000 


789,000  31.000 


$58,000 


7., TOO 
1,600 
1,000 


(*) 


13,000 
1,200 

(=) 

1,100 
1,300 


Seines. 


Harpoons,  spears, 
etc. 


Lioet. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


aOiOM 


313,000 


45,000 
10,000 


1,400 


8,500 


7!l,(KKl  (>) 

100  I 


19,000 

(') 

1.200 
30,000 

400 
(•) 


200 


9M 


300 
(•) 


(») 


(») 


33,900 
3.400 

LW.) 
91.000 


(«) 


80,000 


1.100 
100 


200 


100 


Value. 


700 
400 


(') 


1,000 
200 

(■) 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


42,000 


5,900 

"'aoo 


100 


V'^-  Suadil  value. 


$3,700 


200 
'(')" 


(•) 


8,700      35,000  3,600 


1,600 


0) 
(«) 


(*) 


50.000 


600 


6,9W 


33,3 


(«) 


44,000  I  3,1 


1  Less  than  100  pounds.  -  *  Less  than  $100. 

Tablb  4.— MICHIOAN— fishery  PRODUCTS  OF  LAKE  SUPERIOR  DISTRICT:  IMS. 


TOTAL. 


QoanttU^ 
(ponads). 


Vahw. 


Total   4,579,000  $-201,000 


PRODUCT  CAUGHT  BY— 


an 


QnantitT 
(pounds). 


3,731,000 


Herring,  lake,  fresh  

Herring,  lake,  salted  

PUw  and  pickerel  

PflDspwA  (waU^vod  pOa). 


Suckers,  fresh . . 
Suckers,  salted. 
Trout,  besb.... 
Tnntlsdted... 


Whiteflsh,  fresh  

Whitefish.  salted  

Whiteflsh  (lonRiaw),  fresh. . 
Whiteflsh  (loi^aw),  salted. 


1,304,000 
314,000 
24,000 
10,000 

4,am 

154.000 
6,900 
1,941,000 
214,000 

613.000 
18,000 
68,000 
7,000 


20,000 
6,000 
1,000 
800 
MO 

2.800 
100 
117,000 
12,000 

37.000 
1 . 300 
2,, SOO 
300 


1,277,000 
314,000 
200 
8B0 


9,200 
1,400 
1,625.000 
184,000 

342.000 

5,800 
f.3,000 
7,000 


Value. 


$156,000 


19,000 
5,900 

(') 
100 


300 

(') 

93.000 
10,000 

23,000 
400 

2,  rw 
300 


Pound  nets,  tn^  nets, 
andweink 


Quaotitr 
(pounds). 


'v54,000 


27,000 


23,000 
7,600 
4,M0 

14.5,000 
5,500 

158,000 
1,500 

H>6,000 
12.000 
4,800 


Value. 


(pooDda). 


$29,000 


2.S6,000 


600 


900 
600 
MO 

2,600  ' 

100 
0,700 
(') 


600 


257,000 
29,000 


13,000  I 
800  I 
100 


Value. 


Qnaatitr 
(pouBdsV 


$16,000 


5,800 


(«) 


200 
MO 


14,000 
1,700 


500 


4,iU 


100 


Value. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


3400 


2.100 


8 


(') 


300 


800 
1,300 


3100 


IM 


(') 


Lcn  than  tun. 


172 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 

Tabu  S.~lfIGHiaAK-mBEBT  PBODVGTS  OF  LAKE  EHIE  DISTEIOT:  1906. 


■■Ml 

•OUUb. 

Wjflu  and  hoop  nets. 

Pound  nets,  trap  nets, 
and  webs. 

Seines. 

Lines. 

Muskrattn^s. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

VahK. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantitv 
(poonds). 

Value. 

Quantitv 
(pooads). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

VaiuA. 

630,000 

129,000 

1,343,000 

aoo 

8400 

Ikb: 

Carp.  German  

87.000 
154.000 
2,100 

133.000 
338,000 
105,000 

9,000 

258,000 
35,000 
ltt,MO 

■aoo 

3.3,000 
3,600  1 
1,300 
'100 

4,000 
24,000 
3,300 
1,000 

4,500 
1,700 
16,000 
100 

mo 

284,000 
66,000 
94,000 
500 

108,000 
189,000 
64,000 

1,300 

160,000 
26,000 
34,000 

a^Mo 

5,700 
2,700 
900 
(') 

3,300 
14,000 

2,200 
100 

2,900 
1,300 
3,100 
P) 

88,000 

15.000 
60,000 
1.600 

21,000 
142,000 
41,000 

3,600 

82,000 
7,800 
159,000 

ai^aw 

1,500 

600 
400 
100 

600 
0,900 
1,100 

300 

1,300 
300 
13,000 
MO 

1,311,000 
ft,HO 

26,000 
MO 
P) 

Catfish  and  balBmdL  

000 

(») 

3,300 
C^MO 

100 
MO 

Suckers  

16,000 
600 

300 
0) 

4,100 

coo 

'aM 

Tabu  iOIMIOAll— VK 


IT  FRODUCTS  OF  LAKE  8T.  CLAIB  DISTRICT:  1906.* 


rmoovct  cattoht  bt— 

HifpiMiH,  spMHS,  etc. 

Offl,  lyke,  and  Iwap  Mto. 

guantit^ 

Value. 

Qnanttty 

yahw. 

Quantity 
(VMBdi). 

Valna. 

Quantity 

Vaioe. 

gUMtUt^ 

VMri  

737,000 
3,«0 

832,000 

400 

260,000 
2,000 

817,000 

400 

408,000 

S13.000 

59,000 

82,100 

2,600 

8100 

Catfish  and  bullheads  

an,  000 

6,000 
500 
3,900 

92,000 
32,000 
167,000 
•,Mt 

u,ooo 

200 

34.000 
14,000 
(») 

11,000 
500 

(») 
400 

3,700 
1,400 
12,000 

1,000 
100 

700 
400 

C) 

8,000 
3,  HO 

200 

341,000 
800 
500 

aoo 

2,000 
6,500 
15,000 
4,«0 

400 
100 

n,oao 

4,800 

10.000 

(») 

Si 

100 
400 
1,200 
MO 

(') 

(•) 
800 
MO 

16,000 

i,Me 

aoo 

MO 

200 

m 

P«Tch.  vellow  

82.000 
6,000 
148,000 

MO 

3,300 
300 
10,000 

Mi 

1,800 
100 

a,8» 

8,000 
18,000 
3,500 

aoo 

400 
600 
200 

1,800 

MO 

MO 

 '8,'666' 

266' 

 wo' 

8 

......... 



MO 

Tabbs  T.-mBIQAN— FEODUCTS  OF  VESSEL  FISHERIES:  1908. 


apscns. 

XOIAL. 

mOUWit  C4IMUI1  BT— 

Gin  nets. 

Pound  nets,  trap  nets, 
and  weirs. 

T^uft 

Seines. 

VakMk 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

VafaM. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

VahMk 

Total  

■■■1^  likB,  atltad. . . 

8.979.000 

$516,000 

8,635,000 

8«7,000 

190.000 

«9.400 

134,000 

89,000 

20,000 

8800 

2,403,000 
73,000 
26.000 
6,400 

37,000 
11,000 

61,000 
4,400 
4«^000 

1,360,000 
21,000 
794,800 

100,000 
1,200 
000 
400 

700 
800 
600 
MO 

1,800 
100 

"ta 

108,000 
1,200 
88,880 

2,365,000 
40,000 
21,000 
000 

M,000 

9,m 

99,000 
500 
800 
0) 

MO 

33.000 
33.000 
1,400 
<^8M 

800 
700 

«« 

300 

2,700 

100 

2,000 

100 

POaaadpidxrel  

4,000 

100 

400 

C) 

Pike  perch  (■■■■jtijiiBi)  

1,400 

1,314,000 
17,000 
794,000 
2,200 

800 

104,000 
1,000 
33,000 
100 

n,m 

600 
MO 

800 

1,800 

15,000 
3.000 

600 
100 

08,808 

0,8W 

55.000 

3,500 

4,300 
200 

4,300 

100 

>  Less  than  8100. 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

Table  8.— MICmOAN— PRODUCTS  OP  SHORE  AND  BOAT  FISHERIES:  1908. 


173 


»,8a,ooo  mt.oBo 


nah: 


Black  bass  

Carp,  Qwman  

Catfish  and  bullheads . 
Detfah,  or^bon^ . 
Drum,  on"^  " 


Herring,  lake, fresh.. 
Herring,  lake,  salted . 

Ling,  or  lawyer.  

Muskallunge  

Perch,  yellow  


Pike  and  pickerel  

Pike  perch  (sauger),  fresh.. 
Pike        (wall-eyed  pike) 


Sturgeon  caviar. 

Suckers,  fresh... 
Suckers,  salted.. 

Sunfish  

Tnnt,lrash  

Traot,  salted... 


White  bass  

Whiteflsh,  fresh.. 
Whiteflsh,  salted. 
WhiteOsh,  smoked. 


WhltcAriif 


sattad. 

(Menominee), 


Whiteflsh 

fresh  

Whiteflsh  (Menominee), 

salted  

WkttsArii  flBvlv.. ........ . 

A1la«lHr  


Mussels  

Muskrat  skins. 


TOTAL. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


2,300 
2,459,000 

2m,m 

85,000 
183,000 

2.767,000 
9,544,000 
9, 100 
4,000 
2,351,000 

471,000 
108,000 
1,047.000 
57,000 
52,000 
1,100 

4,174,000 
228,000 
48,000 

2,429,000 
198,000 

37,000 
2,202,000 
148,000 
13,000 
70,000 
7,000 


54,000 

94,000 

8,780 

200,000 
300 


Value. 


400 

55,000 
12,000 
1,200 

I,  800 

48,000 
154,060 
100 
400 
72.  (XM) 

32,000 
3,500 

93,000 
2,100 
6,500 
800 

111,000 
4,800 
1,300 

147,000 

II,  000 

1.800 
177,000 
9,200 
1,200 
2,900 
300 


1,900 

4.300 
200 


FBODUCT  CAUGHT  BY- 


800 
400 


Pound  nets,  trap 
nets,  and  weirs. 

Gill  nets. 

Fyke  and  hoop 
nets. 

Seines. 

Lines. 

Allotherapp»- 
ratus.' 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 

Value. 

(Quantity 
( pounds) . 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds)  ■ 

Value. 

^uaniity 
(pounds). 

VakH. 

tt,  108,000 

1841,000 

4,805,000 

8219,000 

2,568,000 

804,000 

2,081,000 

854,000 

721,080 

843,000 

301,000 

I7,8n 

200 

241,000 
134,000 
13,000 
87,000 

1,605,000 

6,900 
100 

1,525.000 

215,000 
44,000 

723,000 
13,000 
32,000 
1,000 

2,917,000 
150,000 
23,000 
422,000 
10,000 

8,900 
1,481,000 
124,000 

(») 

4,500 
5,900 
200 
000 

21,000 
148,000 

100 

(») 

43,000 

14,000 
1,200 
66,000 
400 
4,000 
700 

69.000 
2,900 

500 
26,000 

400 

400 
123,000 
7,600 

100 
300 

6,600 

(') 
(») 
200 

2.000 
8,000 
5.000 

400 

200 
400 

49i,666 

105.000 
72.000 
94,000 

2,400 

13.0(X) 
4,300 
1,000 
900 

100 

l.ta7,000 
17.000 

37,000 
700 

22.000 
1,500 
200 

300 
!00 

(*) 

1,600 

1,150,000 
286.000 
1,400 

(») 

27,000 
5,800 
(») 

400 
1,400 

(») 

(«) 

8,000 
600 
100 

"142,666 

6,300 

148,666 
4,000 

17,000 
100 

2,000 

400 

(«) 
(») 

"5,' 366' 

300 

16,' 666" 
aoo 

2,200 

100 
100 

800 

(») 

43,000 

16.000 

200 
107.000 
4.000 
500 
100 

129,000 
2.000 
5. 100 
1,600 

■  ■  ■(■/)■ "  ■ 
1,400 

1.100 

(») 
10,000 
200 
100 

(') 

2.500 

(') 
100 
100 

'3,' eoo' 

8,100 
18,000 
'  "39,066' 

300 
400 

'"i'aio 

184,000 

8,700 
100 
17,000 

6,500 

500 
(») 

1,400 

450,000 

207,000 
(>4.000 
13,000 
36,000 

16,000 

15,000 
2.300 
1,200 
1,300 
100 

1,000 

100 

175,000 
67,000 
800 
1,662,000 
161,000 

700 
677,000 
24.000 
13,000 
60,000 
7,000 

47,000 

54,000 
600 

5,400 
1.900 

(') 
101,000 
9,100 

(«) 
50,000 
1,700 
1,200 
2,500 

aoo 

1,600 

2,600 
MO 

950,000 

34,000 

8.  GOO 
(') 

300 
(») 

2,000 
344.000 
27,000 

100 

21.000 

1,600 

8,000 

26.000 
34,000 

1,300 
3,100 

000 
4.700 

(') 

400 

5.600 

400 

9,700 

300 

100 

(*) 

6,800 

40,000 
1,800 
8,100 

200 
1,700 

aoo 

MO 

100 

(•) 

MO 

m 

800 

(•> 

380,000 

800 

4K 

1 

1 

I 

'iBilmliw  ■wwmiis.  witli  nstnli  ai  tnlVnn-  Haiposns, 
nt  tnqM  880  pomd^  TBinsd  at  MM. 


MINNBSOTA. 


etc,  100,000  pounds,  yah^  at  85,800;  crowfoot  dredges,  etc,  200,000  pounds,  v^edat»00,j^  and  musk- 


The  chief  fishing  grounds  of  the  state  of  Minnesota 
•re  the  Mississippi  River  and  Lake  Superior.  Com- 
mercial fishing  is  carried  on  to  a  considerable  extent 
also  in  the  numerous  small  lakes  and  rivers  of  the 
state,  especially  in  the  St.  Croix  and  other  tributaries 
of  the  Mississippi  River,  and  in  the  Lake  of  the  Woods 
and  Rainy  Lake,  whidi  are  tributary  to  Hudson  Bay. 

No  yessd  fishery  esdabed  in  the  state  in  1908,  and 
the  fisheries  of  Minnesota  were  entirely  of  the  shore 
and  boat  class,  although  four  vessels  were  engaged  in 
transporting  on  the  Lake  Superior  waters. 

The  following  statement  presents  a  summury  of  the 
chief  statistics  for  the  Minnesota  fisheries  in  1908: 

Number  of  persons  employed   934 

Capital: 

Veoods  and  boats,  including  outfit  $52,000 

Apparatus  of  capture   43, 000 

Shore  and  acceesory  property  and  cash   33, 000 

Value  of  producte   192,  (XX) 

Comparison  with  previous  canvasses. — Although  leg- 
islation limiting  the  fishing  on  the  interior  waters  to 
hand  lines  and  spears  has  caused  a  decided  falling  off 


in  the  products  of  the  fisheries  of  this  state  since  1897, 
about  one-third  of  the  value  of  the  products  of  the 
state  fidieiies  on  the  MissisBippi  River  and  its  tribu- 
taries in  1908  represented  the  value  of  products  from 
the  interior  lakes  and  rivers,  a  fact  which  indicates  a 
revival  of  commercial  fishing  on  these  waters.  Dur- 
ing the  past  few  years  carp  have  multiplied  to  such 
an  extent  in  the  lakes  and  other  interior  waters  that 
in  certain  cases  the  game  wardois  have  issued  to  fidi- 
ermen  special  ticeases  to  seine  the  kfcoi  for  this  fish. 

The  next  comparative  summary  shows  the  changes 
that  have  taken  place  in  the  fisheries  of  the  Lake 
Superior  district  since  1899  and  in  those  on  tlie 
smaller  lakes  and  interior  rivers  since  1894.  In 
the  tabulation  for  1908  the  fisheries  of  the  Lake 
of  the  Woods  and  Rainy  Lake  have  been  included 
with  the  Lake  Superior  fisheries,  instead  of  witk  those 
of  the  Ifisdssippi  River  and  its  tributaries. 

A  comparison  of  the  statistics  given  in  the  summary 
shows  that  there  has  been  a  steady  growth  in  the 
Lake  Superior  district,  and  that  commercial  fishing  on 
the  tributaries  of  the  Mississippi  is  gradually  recover- 
ing from  the  temporary  setback  caused  by  the  passage 
of  stringent  laws. 


174 


il^ERISS  OF  Tfi£  UNIX£D  STATES,  1906. 


(Ustnct:! 
1908  


em- 
ployed, 
exclusive 


212 
192 
127 


719 

m 


rum  o*  ■qmnmiT. 


Total. 


$55,000 
29,000 
24,000 


39,000 

8,«n 


Vessels 

and 
boats,  in- 
cluding 
outfit. 


332,000 
10,000 
7,900 


20,000 
3,000 


Appa- 
ratus of 
capture. 


$23,000 
19,000 
16,000 


19,000 


RODVCIS. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


3,802,000 
2,176,000 
009,000 


3,674,000 
^IgOQO 


Value. 


$83,000 
45,000 
14,000 


109,000 
40,000 

maoo 


9m!  ^^^w!^  Woods  and  Rainy  Late  are  Indudedto  the  LatoSaperiardhtrictto 

^  Permmt  employed. — The  loUowiiig  tabular  statement 
giwB  tile  nomber  and  (fisteibotkm  <tf  the  pcnoos  em- 
ployed in  the  fisheries  of  MimMBota  in  1908.  Over 
two-thirds  of  the  total  number  were  indepeadtstt  firin 
ermen  in  tlie  Mlawgirippi  Biyer  district. 


Total  

Transporting  vessels  

Shoce  and  boat  fisberies  

nhnnmiinii  , 

■jg^glKlver  dMrtet  (Am  tnd  Imt 
I«te  Superior  district  


Total. 

Proprie- 
1  tors  and 
indepi-nd- 
cnt  fisher- 
men. 

Wage- 
eam- 
eis. 

Wages. 

934 

«807 

127 

* $29, 000 

13 
918 
3 

3 
804 

10 
114 
3 

4,900 
700 
24,000 

719 

649 

70 

9,fi00 

215 

158 

57 

20,000 

13 

ia» 

3 

3 
156 

10 
44 
3 

4,900 
1  14,000 
600 

'  Exclusive  of  six  protwietois  not  fishing. 

*MMniH«MMkaMM  totSrvSlwtf  tun. 


Equipment  ami  other  capital— The  following  tabular 
flCatement  gives  statistics  of  the  investment  of  the 
itato  in  lialMrieB,  inefaidiiig  the  Talue  of  vessels,  boats, 
•nd  apparatus  of  o^ln^  t««eiiMr  with  oihcr  eamtal 
«iqili9«dmim: 


CUM  OF  DmtSntKKT. 


Transporting  vesseb  (steam  and  BMtar),  to 
duaing  outfit  

^^^3t!!!":":::::::::::::::::::;::::; 

MmmHtm   oytare  >  

■^N  Mi  MMMiy  praperty  


or  EQUIPMENT  AMV  OOBB 

c&Rxal:  1908. 


TotaL 


Mississippi 
RiTW 
district. 


Lake 
Superior 


W,00O 


16,000 

13,000 
3,200 
36.000 
23,000 
1,700 
10.000 
1,500 
43,000 
39,000 

4,aoo 


946,000 

881,000 

16,000 
13,000 
3,300 
16,000 
8,600 
1,700 
4,700 
800 
23,000 
22,000 

I  20,000 
1  14,000 

5,300 
700 
19,000 
6,600 

The  four  transporting  vessels  on  the  Lake  Superior 
watm  w«re  steam  and  motor  craft.   The  rowboats 

were  divided  between  the  lfi8Bissip[M  River  and  the 

Lake  Superior  fisheries  in  proportions  about  equal  to 
the  relative  size  of  their  respective  total  fleets.  All  of 
the  sailing  craft  reported  belonged  to  tbe  Lake  Supe- 
rior district. 

The  Tahie  of  tiie  transporting  vessels  belonging  to 
the  Lake  Superior  district  makes  the  inrestmmt  in 

vessels  and  boats  in  that  district  much  higher  than  that 
in  the  Mississippi  River  district,  which  had  products  of 
a  greater  value. 

In  the  fisheries  of  the  Lake  Superior  district  39  per 
cent  of  the  0iHI»taI  was  inTested  in  floatmg  craft,  while 
29  per  cent  was  invested  in  apparatus  of  capture.  A 
little  over  one-half  of  the  investment  in  ressels  and 
boats  represented  the  value  of  transporting  vessels. 
^  The  following  tabular  statement  gives  detailed  sta- 
tistics at  the  number  of  vessels  and  boats: 


GUMCVCBAIT. 

▼t—iu  Am  moum  tioa 

TotaL 

district. 

Lake 
8qp«te 
district. 

Total  

603 

482 

2U 

Transporting  vessels'  

r 

81 

30 

"1 

4 
207 
18 
90 
US 
4 

Boats....... 

482 
64 

Sail  

Row  

4i2 

!  • 

other  

I  Tonnage,  45. 

A  large  increase  is  evident  in  the  total  value  of  the 
floating  craft  of  the  Lake  Superior  fisheries  in  1908,  as 
compared  with  1899,  when  the  value  was  only  $7,900. 
In  the  earlier  year  this  district  had  only  91  boats,  none 
of  which  were  motor  boats,  while  in  the  later  year  thete 
were  211  boats,  of  which  18  were  power  boats.  In  the 
Mississippi  River  district  the  value  of  the  boats  was 
only  $3,000  in  1899,  and  in  that  year  only  263  boats 
were  reported,  as  compared  with  482  in  1908. 

The  total  inrestment  in  apparatus  of  capture  was 
$43,000.  The  inrestment  ot  ^  Lake  Superior  dis- 
trict in  apparatus  of  capture  exceeded  tiiat  ot  the 
Mississippi  River  district,  and  was  confined  to  gill  nets, 
lines,  and  pound  nets.  In  the  interior  waters  of  the 
state,  except  for  a  few  dip  nets,  only  hand  lines  and 
spears  were  reported.  In  the  following  tabular  state- 
ment detailed  statistics,  concemuig  the  number  of 
various  kinds  at  apparatus  at  captme  axe  given: 


Pip  nets  

Fyke  and  hoop  oMs  

Gill  nets  

Pound  nets  

Seines  

Spears,  etc  

Trammel  nets  

Traps,  frog  , 

Tnva,  mink  and  ouaknt. 


AWABAnm  or  cunvrnK  1908. 


Total. 


34 

234 
1,288 
162 
86 
212 
6 
43 
1,9S0 


Mississippi 

River 

.  . 
wRoOt. 


34 
234 
29 
77 
86 
212 
6 
43 
1,980 


Lake 


91 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


175 


ProdwtSf  6y  spedea.— The  fidheiy  products  of  the 
rtate  in  1908  are  distributed  by  spedes  and  by  appa- 
ratus of  capture  in  Table  1,  on  page  177.  The  total 
of  7,475,000  pounds,  valued  at  $192,000,  represents  a 
large  increase  over  the  products  in  1899,  the  latest  year 
prior  to  1908  for  which  complete  data  for  the  state  as  a 
whole  are  aviUable.  In  1899  the  total  yield,  as  re- 
puted by  the  Bureau  of  Fidieries,  was  oidy  1,931,000 
pounds,  with  a  value  of  $55,000.  The  year  1899,  how- 
ever, is  an  unfavorable  year  for  comparison  because 
of  the  fact  that  restrictive  legislation  recently  passed 
had  caused  a  temporary  decline  in  the  fishery  activi- 
ties of  the  state.  A  more  correct  conception  of  the 
rate  of  decrease  may  be  obtained  from  a  eompariscm 
of  the  figures  for  1908  with  those  given  in  the  report 
of  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries  for  1894,  which  showed  the 
fishery  products  of  the  ^lississippi  River  district  of  tiie 
state  alone  in  that  year  to  be  6,401,000  pounds. 

The  catch  of  fish  proper  in  1908  amounted  in  the 
aggregate  to  6,610,000  pounds,  or  89  per  cent  of  the 
total  weight  of  all  fishery  products,  and  wma  valued  at 
$173,000,  or  90  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  sadi 
products. 

Products,  hj  fishing  grounds. — The  products  of  the 
Mississippi  River  antl  its  tributaries  and  those  of  the 
Lake  Superior  district  for  1908  are  given  in  detail,  by 
species  and  by  apparatus  of  capture,  in  Tables  2  and  3, 
on  pages  177  and  178,  respectively. 

The  eatoh  ai  the  Ifiasissippi  River  district  amounted 
to  3,674,000  pounds  and  had  a  value  of  $109,000, 
while  the  catch  of  the  fisheries  of  Lake  Superior 
amounted  to  3,802,000  pounds,  valued  at  $83,000.  In 
the  fisheries  of  the  Jklississippi  River  and  its  tributa- 
ries the  value  of  fish  proper  conistituted  82  per  cent  of 
the  value  of  the  total  product,  while  in  the  Lake  Supe- 
rior district  the  entire  product  was  fish  proper.  Of  the 
value  of  fish,  48  per  cent  was  reported  for  the  Lake 
Superior  fisheries  and  52  per  cent  for  the  Mississippi 
River  fisheries.  The  most  important  product  of  the 
Mississippi  River  district  was  German  carp,  for  which 
a  value  of  $26,000,  or  24  per  cent  of  the  total  for 
the  district,  was  reported,  although  the  vahie  of  the 
buffak>-fish  product  was  nearly  as  great. 

In  the  Lake  Superior  district  herring  was  the  prin- 
cipal product,  with  a  value  of  S38.000,  or  46  per  cent 
of  the  total  value  of  the  i)roducts  of  this  district. 

The  next  tabular  statement  gives  the  distribution 
of  the  value  of  fishery  products,  according  to  species 
and  districts. 

The  quantity  and  value  of  the  products  taken  by  the 
fisheries  of  the  Lake  Superior  waters  show  a  gradual 
increase,  according  to  the  reports  of  the  Bureau  of 
Fisheries.  The  Lake  Superior  products  amounted  to 
183,000  pounds,  valued  at  $6,200,  in  1890;  609,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $14,000,  in  1899;  and  2,176,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $45,000,  in  1903. 


TotaL. 


Fish  

Lake  herring  

Carp,  German  

Bunalo  fis!i  

Catfish  and  bullheads  

I'ike  i>erch  

l^ake  trout  

.St'irueoii  :ini!  i     i  ir  

Pike  and  piei.erel  

Whiteflsh  

All  ottier  

Mussel  shelis,  pearls,  and  slugs. 

Frogs  

AUoOmt  


▼ALUS  or  ntoovcn:  1908. 

Misrisrippi 
River 
district. 

Lake 
Superior 
district. 

$192,000 

9U9,900 

$83,000 

173,000 
38,000 
2(1,000 
22,000 
14.000 
12,000 
12,000 
11,000 
11,000 
10.000 
15.000 
8.400 
7.900 
2,900 

90,000 

83,009 
38,009 

2>).0OO 
22.(.)(« 
14,000 
1,100 

U,9W 
U,«Q9 
6,400 
6,M» 
10,999 
1,999 

5.800 
5,900 

14.000 

8.400 
7,900 
2,900 

In  the  following  tabular  statement  the  distribution 
of  the  value  of  products  of  the  Lake  Supoior  district 
in  1906  is  shown,  by  species  and  by  waters: 


SPECIES. 

mtmicT:  1908. 

TotaL 

Lake 
Superior. 

Lake  of 

the 
Woods. 

Ratty 

$83,000 

$50,000 

$27,000 

$6,200 

38.000 
12.000 
11,000 
10,000 
5,400 
5.100 
1,000 

38.000 
12,000 

9,500 
8,000 
5,000 
4,000 

1,400 
3,300 
300 
1,100 

200 

800 

It  appears  that  lake  herring  and  lake  trout  were 
the  only  fish  caught  in  any  considerable  ^^uantity  m 
Lake  Suporior  itsdf  .  All  of  the  pike  podii,  sturgeon, 
pike,  and  pickerel,  and  nearly  all  of  tihe  whiteflsh  re- 
ported for  the  Lake  Superior  district  were  obtained 
from  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  and  Rainy  Lake. 

Products,  hy  apparatus  of  capture. — The  distribution 
of  products,  by  kind  of  apparatus  used  and  by  fishery 
districts,  is  given  in  the  following  tabular  statement: 


KIND  OF  APPAKATUS. 


TotaL. 


GUI  nrts  

Pound  nets  

^Anos  

Crowfoot  dredges,  etc  

Frog,  mink,  and  maikzmt  tiapa.. 

Fyke  and  hoop  nets  

All  other  


▼AU7K  or  wawicM;  1008. 


TotaL 

lOirissIpri 
River 
district. 

T^ike 

.'^lIIK■rior 
districL 

$192,000 

9109.000 

983,909 

53.000 
50.000 
44,000 
22.000 
8,300 
2,800 
2,800 
9,800 

53.000 
l.SOO 
Ki.OOO 
21.000 
8,300 
2,800 
2,800 
9,800 

48.000 

33.000 
1,500 

On  the  basis  of  the  value  of  products  taken,  seines, 
gill  nets,  and  i)ound  nets  \v(>re  the  mo.'^t  important 
forms  of  apparatus  of  captmv,  the  value  of  their  catch 
together  constituting  three-fourths  of  the  totel  value 
of  all  products.   For  the  Lake  Superior  waters  the 


176 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  VNITES}  STATES,  im 


pvodneto  eai^it  hy  meuis  of  gill  nets  and  pomid  nets 

had  a  vahie  equal  to  98  per  cent  of  that  of  all  inoducts. 
On  the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries,  on  the 
otlier  hand,  the  catch  by  gill  nets  was  small  and  the 
catch  by  pound  nets  was  valued  at  less  than  one- 
fourth  of  the  total  value  of  products  caught  by  pound 
Mte  in  Hw  stale.  lines  w&n  the  aeify  other  fonn  of 
■PPM>tua  of  esfitase  vsed  in  the  Lake  Superior  dis- 
trict. Only  7  per  cent  of  the  total  rshie  of  the  products 
caught  by  lines  contributed  to  the  catch  from  these 
waters.  In  the  interior  waters  of  the  Mississippi 
River  district,  on  tlie  other  liand,  where  only  hand 
lines  and  spears  were  allowed  by  law,  lines  formed  an 
iapovtasft  mesas  of  oi^tnvs.  Ahnosi  one^fth  of  the 

▼liw  of  the  iriM7  piodiM^  of  the  IfissisBqnpi 
district  nftmmtmd  the  yahis  of  ptodnet  cs^i  by 
hand  lines. 

Principal  species. — Lake  herring,  taken  wholly  in 
Lake  Superior,  formed  the  most  important  fishery 
product  of  the  state,  contributing  20  per  cent  of  the 
'valBB  of  iriiery  products.  A  pert  of  the  lake- 
hsBiBK  eatoh  was  soU  fresh  at  a  Tahntka  <tf  121,000, 
while  tiie  remainder,  which  was  sold  salted  and  smoked, 
brought  $18,000.  This  Mk  wm  eaaghl  entiNfy  by 
means  of  gill  nets. 

The  entire  catches  of  German  carp,  buflFalo  fish,  and 
catfish  were  taken  in  the  Misaissippi  River  and  its 
trihrtafias.  The  Intf afe  fish  and  the  catfish  have 
hooaaieadilj  declining  in  nmnhefs  daring  the  past  few 
jBsn,  and  the  caip  has  been  taking  a  higher  place  in 
this  state,  as  in  the  other  states  along  the  Mississippi 
and  Missouri  Rivers.  No  carp  were  caught  in  1894 
and  a  quantity  valued  at  only  S900  was  taken  in  1899, 
'a  1906  over  a  milUon  pounds,  valued  at  $26,000, 


wcfe  reported,  and  carp  ranked  second  aaaong  the 
fishery  products  of  the  state. 

Some  pike  perch  were  caught  in  the  tribotaiy  lakes 

of  the  Mississippi  River,  but  over  nine- tenths  of  the 
value  reported  for  tliis  fish  was  reported  from  the 
Lake  Superior  waters.  All  of  the  lake  trout  came 
from  the  Lake  Superior  fisheries.  Sturgeon  came  from 
the  Miewissippi  Rirer  and  also  from  the  Lake  of  the 
Woods  and  Baii^  Lake,  iduch,  iHiOe  inchided  in  the 
Lake  Superior  system,  did  not  come  under  the  statute 
prohibiting  the  taking  of  sturgeon  from  Lake  Superior. 
The  pike  and  pickerel  caught  were  secured  from  the 
Lake  of  the  Woods  and  Rainy  Lake,  and  from  the 
tributaries  of  the  Mississippi  River.  The  wliitefiah 
wero  cans^t  in  tiie  Lake  Superior  waters  only. 

The  mussekihell  and  peari  industry  has  become  an 
important  branch  <rf  the  Ifississippi  River  fiaMrifs 
dining  the  past  few  years.  The  industry  was  not 
mentioned  in  the  report  of  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries  for 
1894,  and  its  product  amounted  to  only  $200  in  value 
in  1899,  but  in  1908  products  valued  at  $8,400  were 
rep<»ted.  The  Tahw  of  pearis  and  slugs  secured  inci- 
denta%  m  the  pursuit  ni  the  musselndiell  industry 
represented  $3,700,  or  44  per  cent  of  the  Tsloe  oi 
mussel-shell  products  in  1908. 

The  frog  industry,  carried  on  in  the  tributary  waters 
of  the  Mississippi,  is  also  of  recent  development,  having 
been  started  about  1895.  In  1899  a  product  of  92,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $9,600,  was  reported,  and  in  1908, 
66,000  pounds,  vahied  at  $7,000.  The  1008  product, 
though  somewhat  smaller  in  quantity  and  value  than 
that  secured  in  1899,  represented  nearly  20  per  cent  of 
the  total  value  of  the  capture  in  the  United  States  and 
was  surpassed  only  by  the  capture  in  MiasourL 


FISHEEIEfcs,  BY  STATES. 

Taslb  i.— MINNESOTA— fishery  raODUCTS:  1906. 


177 


VMt: 


tout. 


Quantity 
(pounds) . 


7,475,000 


1108,000 


Black  bass  

Buftalo  flsh  

Carp,  German  

Catusb  and  bullheads. 
Grapple  


Dogfldi  

DnBn,  tMsh-^ratv..... 

Eels  

Lake  herring,  fresh  

Lake  herring,  salted. .. 
I4ik»  beiTlng,  smoked. 


Leto  traut,  fresh  

Lake  femit,  salted  

Perch,  yellow  

Pike  and  pickerel  

Pike  perch  (wall-eyed  pike). . . 

tMMS... ................. ■ 


fltntgeon. 
Caviar.... 
Snofeais... 


WhtteOah  

Whiteflsh<bluefln). 
WiyteOdiCloasiiw) 


FroRS  

Turtles  

Mussel  sheOs,  pearis,  aod 

Sldns,  mink  

BUns,  muskrat  


1,900 
664,000 
1,132,000 
208,000 
97,000 

1,200 
333,000 
800 
1,608,000 
1,165,000 
4,000 

US,  000 
27,000 
7,400 

351,000 
273,000 
6,100 

164,000 
100 
76,000 

ae^ooo 

aos,ooo 

1,400 

66,000 
25,000 
707,000 

<aoo 

« 1,700 


Value. 


400 
22,000 
26,000 
14,000 
6,000 

C-) 

4.rfl0 
100 
21,000 
18,000 
200 

10,000 
1,500 

200 
11,000 
12,000 

200 

11,000 
100 
800 

3,aao 

10,000 


PRODUCT  CAOOY  BT— 


m 

7,900 
(300 
8,400 
1,100 
1,200 


Gin  nets. 

Pound  nets. 

Lines. 

All  other  apftt 
rat  us.' 

QoantttT 
(pamids). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds) . 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds) . 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 

(pounds). 

l,flM,000 

168,000 

q  MM  IMA 

■au,ww 

1,108,000 

544,000 

426,000 

522,000 

51,000 

82,800 

906,000 

521,000 

Am 

900 
15.000 
140,000 
it5,000 

(=) 

(') 
400 
8.800 
5,800 

499,000  1  16,000 
1,027,000  24,000 
43,000  1  2,800 

4,100 
6,100 
TOO 

200 
200 
100 

146,000 

21,000 
4,000 

5.800 
500 
400 

7,300 
15,000 
20,000 

300 
400 
1,800 

6,700 
48,000 

266 
1,100 

1,200 
120,000 

i!^ 

1,000 

m 

204,000 

3,000 

6,300 
500 

100 

(») 

1,500 
300 

(') 
(») 

1,608,000 
1,166,000 
4,000 

138,000 
23,000 

21,666 

18,000 

200 

7,500 
1,300 

26,000 
1,200 

1,400 
100 

25,000  1,300 
.1.100  '  200 

1,400 
40,000 

(') 

2,200 

6,000 
63,000 
13,000 

5.100 

i.ax) 

100 
2,300 
900 

200 

100 

8,000 
2,900 

300 
200 

2i6,666 

256,000 

5,100 
11,000 

3,000 

200 

26,000 
700 

000 

94,000 

4,800 

13,000 
100 
6,000 

700 
100 
(') 

55,000 

5,400 

50O 

23,000 
M,000 

400 
500 

43,000 

300 

400 
50,000 

(') 

1,800 

 j  5,100 

10 

4,900 
1,400 
4,000 
1,000 

300 

(') 
100 

m 

200.000 

10,000 

31,000 

600 

6,000 

767,000 
»  200 
< 1,700 

8,400 

1.100 

1,200 

15,000 

j:::::::::: 

400 

1,000 

(*) 

2,000 

100 

1  Inrhules  apparatus,  with  catch,  as  follows:  Crowfoot  dredges,  etc.,  743,000  pounds,  valued  at  $8,300;  mink,  madaat^imd  tng  taspa,  SflWigmma^yabMaat  tt^K^ 
,etc.,  40,000  pounds,  valued  at  $1,600;  trammel  nets,  42,000  pounds,  valued  at  $900;  dip  nets,  3,100  pounds,  valued  at  8300;  and  Miner  appMrtna,  BO^IOO  poaBda,TMaa8 


tbantUD. 


*80O  AJbs. 


*5/iOOddaa. 


Table  2.— MINNESOTA— FISHERY  PRODUCTS  OF  MISSISSIPPI  RIVER  DISTRICT:  1908. 


TMaL. 


Black  bass  

Buffalo  

Carp,  German  

Oandi  and  iMiUksads. 
Cnpfile .............. . 


Dogfish  

Drum,  fresh-water. 

Eels  

Perch,  yellow  

Pike  and  pickerel. . 


lOtAL. 


Quantity 
(pounds) . 


3,874,000  $100,000 


Pike  perch  (walteyed  pike).. 

HiOck  bliss* 

sturgeon  

Caviar  

Suckers  


Frogs  

Turtles  

Mussel  shdis  

Pearls  and  slugs. 

Bldns,  mink  

Skins,  muskrat.. 


1,900 
064,000 
1,132,000 
206,000 
07,008 

1.200 
333,000 
800 
7,400 

1.38.000 

15.000 
5.100 
109,000 
100 
35,000 
t*,000 

06,000 
25.000 
767,000 


*200 
« 1,700 


Value. 


mWDCT  CUMHR  BT- 


400 
22,000 
26,000 
14,000 
6,000 

(') 

4,600 
100 
200 

5,900 

1,100 
200 

6,700 
100 
600 

2,300 

7,900 
600 
4,700 
3,700 
1,100 
1,200 


Seines. 

OiUnets. 

Pound  nets. 

Lines. 

Fyke  and  hoop 

.vil  other  appa- 
ratus.' 

Quantity 

(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds) . 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds) . 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

1,884,000 

$53,000 

28,000 

$1,500 

388,000 

$10,000 

398,000 

$21,000 

51.000 

$2,800 

926,000 

$21,000 

1,500 
499,000 
1,027,000 
43,000 
2,108 

1,200 

120,000 

400 
10,000 
24,000 
2,800 

808 

(») 

1,S00 

400 
900 
15,000 
140,000 
05,000 

(') 

(') 
400 
8,800 
5,800 

4,100 
6,100 
700 

200 
200 
100 

146,000 
21,000 
4,000 

5,800 
500 
400 

7.300 
15,000 
20,000 

300 
400 
1,800 

6,700 
48,000 

1,000 

(') 

204,000 

3,000 

6,300 
500 
6,000 
63,000 

13.000 
1,000 

100 

(*) 
100 

2,300 

900 
200 
100 

1,500 
300 

(') 
(*) 

1,400 
40,000 

2% 

3,300 
900 

200 
100 

2,100 

100 

3,900 

200 

25,000 
700 

008 

(«) 

94,000 

4,800 

12,000 
100 

600 
100 

2,000 

100 

600 

(«) 

23,000 
16,000 

400 

500 

6,800 

100 

400 
60,000 

1% 

5,180 

66,008 
6,808 

787,000 

7.000 
100 
4,700 
3.700 
1,108 

i,a8 

15,000 

400 

i,666 

(*) 

2,900 

100 

•  200 
« 1.700 

1  Includes  apparatus,  with  catch,  as  follows:  Crowf  ):)t  dro  Iws,  etc.,  743,000  pound.s,  valued  at  js,300:  mink,  muskrat,  and  frog  traps,  5.700  pounds,  valued  at  $2^800; 
raears,  etc.,  46,000  pounds,  valued  at  $1,600;  trammel  uets,  42,000  pounds,  valued  at  $900;  dip  nets,  3,100  pounds,  valued  at  $300;  and  minor  apparatus,  86,000  pounds,  valued 
tt87,O0O. 

*  Less  than  8100. 


767M*— U- 


-12 


flSEEERIES  0¥  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 

Tabu  8.— MINNESOTA— fishery  PRODUCTS  OF  LAKE  SUPERIOR  DISTRICT:  1908. 


Lake  bRTfni;.  fresh  

Lake  herring,  salted. . . 
L«ke  herrinj;,  smoked. 

Lake  troat,  fresh  

Lake  trout,  salted  


fOM). 


Stunreon. 
Suckers.. 


Whitehall  

Whitefish  (bluefln)  

Whitefish  (longjaw)  

~  '  I  (McDominee),  salted. 


WUL. 


VafeM. 


3.802.000 

S83,000 

'  1.608,000 
l.ltVS.OOO 
4,000 
188.000 
27,000 
313,000 
908,000 

21.000 

18,000 
20O 

10,000 
l,fiOO 
5,100 

11,000 

54.000 
41,000 

5.400 
200 

205,000 
1.400 

35.000 
1,000 

10,000 

(') 

700 
100 

GUI  nets. 

Pound  Mis. 

Qoantltv 
(pounds). 

Value. 

(pounds). 

Vataa. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Vttat. 

1 

2,963,000 

$48,000 

811,000 

133,000 

ti.«oa 

1,008,000 
1,165,000 
4,000 

18 

1,008 

9,000 

1,000 
5,000 

4,900 
1,400 
4,000 
1,000 

21.000 
18,000 
200 

7,n> 
i,aoo 

MO 
MO 

100 

(') 

300 

(') 

100 
100 

25,000 
1,200 
208,000 
960,000 

5;!.  000 
36,000 

900,000 

1,400 
100 
5,000 
11,000 

5,300 
900 

M,000 

25,000 
3,100 

1,300 
200 

n,tm 

000 

tiMonflo. 


MISSISSIPPI. 

The  fisheries  of  Mississippi  may  be  grouped  in  two 
divisions,  including:,  respective!}',  the  fisheries  of  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico  and  those  of  the  Mississippi  River  and 
ililiflbiiitaries.  Of  the  total  vahie  of  the  state  product 
Wk  1906,  the  Golf  fieheriee  contributed  82  per  cent. 
BBood  m  a  center  for  the  wholesale  dealers  and  the 
canners,  and  here  oysters  and  shrimps  are  both 
canned  and  prepared  for  shipment  fresh,  in  Ifoge 
quantities. 

The  following  statement  presents  a  summary  of 
the  ddef  atalMlies  for  the  state  fiflbflvks  in  1906: 
WaMliii  III iii  niiimi  riniliijiml   2,037 

lintel- 

Vessel.*  and  boate,  including  outfit   $418,000 

Apparatus  of  capture   58, 000 

Shan  and  mtmrnttj'  pwjwrty  and  awh   46,000 

▼alMcfpradwto.   SS6,000 

Oomparison  untJi  previous  emwasses. — A  slight  falling 
off  in  the  numlxr  of  persons  employed  is  sho^\^l  for 
each  district  in  190S,  as  compared  with  the  last  can- 
vass, as  well  as  a  decrease  in  the  quantity  and  in 
Ike  Taine  ci  the  jwoduct.  An  incase,  however,  is 
to  be  noted  in  the  in^wetment  in  eqm]nnrat  f<H*  eadi 
district. 

The  decUne  in  the  products  of  the  Gulf  fidieries  in 
late  years  is  not  due  entirely  to  natural  causes,  but  is 
to  be  attributed,  in  part,  to  a  recent  decision  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  by  which  the 
jnriidietion  of  ^he  oyster  and  other  fishing  groimds 
abovt  Few  Iriand  was  taranirfened  frain  liinimiippf  to 
Louisiana. 

The  following  tabular  statement  presents  for  each 
district  comparative  statistics  as  to  persons  employed, 
value  of  equipment,  and  products,  as  returned  at  the 
canvass  of  1908  and  certain  earlier  canvasses: 


mniCf  AMD  TXAK. 

Per- 
sons 
em- 
ployed, 
exclu- 
sive of 
shores- 
men. 

VALUE  or  EQUIPMENT. 

raODUCTS. 

Total. 

Vessels 
and 
boats, 
including 
oatflt. 

Appa- 
ratus of 
cap- 
ture. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Vtfne. 

Gulf  of  Mateo  district : 

190S  

1.,'555 

$422,000 

$385,000 

$.38,000 

17,302,000 

$4,59,000 

1902  

1,787 

385,000 

346,000 

39,000 

23,427,000 

5.^",000 

1897  

1,061 

143,000 

124,000 

19,000 

7,830,000 

19-2,  (WO 

18B0.  

690 

73,000 

62,000 

10.000 

8.131,000 

24().0O0 

1887  

403 

50,000 

43,000 

7,000 

6,548,000 

190,000 

Mississipid  BItw  db- 

trict: 

19(«  

476 

.VJ,000 

33,000 

20, cm 

3,24.i,0(X) 

97,000 

1899  

489 

33,000 

14,000 

19,000 

3,921,000 

98,000 

im.  

387 

11,000 

8,flOO 

7,700  1 

2,214,000 

Persons  employed. — The  following  table  gives  sta- 
tistics of  persons  employed  in  the  fisheries  of  Mississippi 
in  1908: 


OISIBICT  AND  CLASS. 


TbM  

Ves.^el  fisln'rit's  

Transporting  ve.ssels  . . . 
Shore  and  boat  flsherips 
Shoresmen  

OdfofMcKieoaBMct  

Vessel  fisheries  

Transporting  vessels  

•  Mid  MBtllsberies  

mnta^pi  River  district 

Transporting  ve.ssels »  

Sbon  and  boat  fisheriee  


Totrt. 


2,097 


878 
68 
1,085 
6 


1,« 


868 
55 
033 
« 

470 


13 
463 


Number. 


Proprie- 
tors and 

Inde- 
pendent 
fisher- 
men. 


18 
3 


OM 


18 
1 

605 


30S 


2 
363 


Wage- 
earners. 


I,0«8 


860 
65 
117 
6 

187 


850 
54 
27 
6 

111 


11 
100 


*  8309,000 


259,000 
27,000 
18,000 
5,300 


289,000 


258,000 
21,000 
4,400 
5,300 

20,000 


6,400 
14,000 


1  Ksdarire  of  47  proprietors  not  1 
*|M|iid«s  provisions  furnished  to  fh*  nbw  of  SiSiM. 
•omMm  eraw  of  OM  ^  *  — — 


FISHEEIES,  BY  STATES. 


179 


Wage-earners  slightly  outnumbered  proprietors  and 
independent  fishermen.  Of  the  wage-earners,  89  per 
cent  were  employed  in  the  Qulf  fisheries,  and  of  the 

wage-earners  in  this  district,  91  per  cent  were  em- 
ployed in  the  vessel  fisheries.  The  low  ratio  of  wage- 
earners  to  proprietors  and  indepiMidont  lishermen  in 
the  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  the  al).sonce  of  salaried 
employees,  and  the  small  average  sum  paid  to  employees 
make  pldn  the  small  scale  on  which  Ihis  dass  of  fish- 
eries is  conducted  in  Mississippi. 

Equipment  and  other  capital. — The  following  table 
shows  the  distribution  of  ihe  investment  in  the  fish- 
eries of  the  state : 


CLua  or  mniUH'MPff. 


Total  

Vessels,  including  outfit. . 

FIsntng  

Staam  and  motor.. 

Veasds  

Ootfit  


Vessels  

Outfit  

Tnnsporting  

SMam  and  motor.  

Veisals  

Outfit  

Sail  

Vos^cU  

Outfit  

Other  

Boats  

steam  and  motor.  

SaU  

Kow  

Apparatus  of  capture  

Vessel  fisheries  

COiora  aod  boat  fisheries. . 
Oion  aad  acewsory  prop«ty. 


talue  of  equipment  and  other 
capital:  1908. 


Total. 


$522,000 

372,000 
326,000 
4.400 
3,700 
700 
322,000 
275,000 
47,000 
45,000 
30,000 
26,000 
4.200 
15,000 
11,000 
3,100 
400 
46.000 
10,000 
14,000 
17,000 
ii8,000 
26,000 
31,000 
34,000 
12,000 


Glfif  of 
Mexico 
district. 


$401, 000 


.358.000 
32(;,000 
4,400 
3,7(X) 
700 
322.000 
275,000 
47,000 
32,000 
17,000 
15,000 
2,400 
15,000 
11,000 
3,100 


27,000 
5,000 
14,000 
7,900 
38,000 
25,000 
13.000 
27,000 
12,000 


Mississippi 
River 
district. 


$t>l,(XJO 


13,000 


I. 3.  (KW 
13,000 

II,  000 
1,800 


8,700 
20,000 
1,400 

19,000 
7,300 
300 


400 

20,000  I 
•  11,000  I 


I  Indades  tb»  valoe  of  one 

Over  three-fiifths  of  the  total  investm«it  in  the 
&he]ies  of  the  state  represented  the  value  of  the  sail 
fiffhit^g  vessds  tuad  their  outfits.  All  the  shore  and 
accessors'^  property  and  cash  capital  reported,  with 
trifling  exceptions,  pertained  to  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries.  The  total  investment  was  distributed  in  the 
following  manner :  $353,000  in  vessel  fisheries ;  $45,0U0 
in  transporting  vessels  and  $124,000  in  shore  and  boat 
fisheries. 

Detailed  statistics  of  the  number  and  tonnage  of  the 
vessels  and  the  number  of  the  boats  are  given  in  the 

next  table. 

In  the  vessel  fisheries  all  but  two  of  the  craft  wefe 
sailing  vessds.  Among  transporting  vessds  steam 
and  motor  craft  equal  saifing  craft  in  numbw,  but  the 
ir<i^e  of  the  former  was  more  than  double  that  of  the 
latter.  The  fisheries  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  were 
credited  with  the  entire  inv  estment  in  lisliing  vessels, 
except  the  value  of  one  vessel  of  11  tons  engaged  in 
fisliing  in  the  Missisippi  River  district.  The  trans- 
porting vessels  used  in  the  Qulf  district  were  valued  at 
$32,000,  and  the  boats  used  in  the  shore  and  boat  fish- 
eries of  the  same  district  were  valued  at  $27,000. 


Vessels,  number  

Fishing,  number, 
Steam  and 

Number  

Tonnage  

Sail  - 

Number  

Tonnage  

TniiQNMting,  number 
Steam  and  motor- 
Number  

T(»uiage  

Sail- 
Number  

Tonnage  

otter,  number.... 

Boats,  number  

8 team  and  motor  

Sail  

Bow  


AXs  boats:  1908. 


TotaL 


187 

S 
41 

184 
2,145 
10 

« 
138 

8 
128 
3 

1,144 
00 
119 
966 


Gulf  of 
Mexico 
district. 


190 

186 

2 

ao 

184 

8,145 

13 

i 
74 

8 
128 


647 
11 
119 
517 


district. 


7 
1 

1 

U 


3 

6« 


3 
497 

58 


430 


The  following  tabular  statement  gi  ves  details  of  the 
numb^  of  the  principal  kinds  of  a})})aratus  of  capture 
used: 


ATPABATtja  or  CArtVMt:  1908. 


KIND. 

Distributed  by 
districts. 

Distributed  by  da« 
of  fisheries. 

Gulf  of 
Mexico 
disMet. 

Missis- 
sippi 
River 

district. 

Vessel 
fisheries. 

Shore 
Mdbort 

71 
1,710 
2 
1.35 
1,150 
116 
136 

71 

71 

1,080 

2 
45 
1,150 
116 
lU 

1,710 
2 
25 
1,150 

30 

i 

90 

116 
135 

1 

25 

Products,  hy  species. — Table  1,  on  page  182,  gives  the 
c|uantity  and  value  of  the  fishery  products  ui  Missis- 
sippi, by  spedes  and  by  apparatus  of  capture. 

The  greater  portion  of  the  product  in  1 908  consisted 
of  moUusks  and  crustaceans.  The  oyster  yie\i]  was 
more  valuable  than  all  tlie  rest  of  the  catch,  and  the 
shrimp  product  had  a  total  value  almost  equal  to  half 
the  value  of  all  fish  proper.  The  total  fish  catch 
amounted  to  8,520,000  pounds,  valued  at  $164,000. 
Buffalo  fish  and  sea  trout  were  the  leading  spedfliy 
while  mullet,  catfish,  and  paddlefish  followed. 

Products,  hy  fishing  grounds. — Table  2,  on  page  183, 
shows,  by  species  and  by  a])])aratus  of  ca])ture,  the 
weight  and  value  of  the  product  taken  in  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  district  by  Mississippi  fishermen,  and  Table  3 
gives  similar  detailed  statistics  for  the  Mississippi  Riyer 
district.  The  value  reported  for  the  principal  speciea 
taken  in  the  two  diatrieta  is  shown  in  the  neact  tabu- 
lar statement. 

The  fishery  product  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  district 
contributed  82  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  total  prod- 
uct of  the  state.  Oysters  ranked  first,  with  a  value 
forming  64  per  cent  <rf  the  total  value  of  products  from 
this  district,  -and  dhrimp  ranked  second,  with  a  value 
equal  to  15  par  cent  <tf  the  total.  Of  fi^  proper,  the 


OF  THE  UNTTED  STATES,  1906. 


eatch  reported  for  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  fisheries  was 
5,413,000  poumls,  valued  at  $78,000.  This  value 
wytMimts  17  per  eent  ot  Uie  toUl  vahie  ol  the  fishery 
pfodnets  of  theGolf  dbtrict,  and  k  smaller  than  the 

corresponding  value  for  the  Misnarippi  Birer  district. 
The  bulk  of  the  catch  of  fish  proper  was  composed  of 
two  low-priced  species,  menhaden  and  mullet;  but 
squeteague  led  in  value,  followed  b}-  niullot. 


ToteL 

Onlfof 
Mexico 
district. 

Mississippi 
River 
district. 

tM,000 

$459,000 

997,000 

164,000 
34,000 
28,000 
20,000 
19,000 
14,000 
10,000 
6,600 
31,000  1 

295,000 
81,000 
17,000 

78,000 

H^OOO 
KflOO 

28,000 
20,000 
600 

19,000 
14,000 

10,000 
100 

19.(J00 
2*5,000 
69.000 
17,000 

6,900 

n,«9t 

11,000 

Hie  value  of  the  fishery  product  from  the  Mississip])i 
River  district  amounted  to  17  per  cent  of  the  value  of 
the  total  state  product.  Except  for  a  small  shrimp 
catch,  the  entire  product  consisted  of  fish  proper.  The 
quantity  of  fish  proper  taken  in  this  district  was 
«Hlhr  iham/fLk  Ukm  in  the  Gulf  distriet,  which 
fomed  64  per  cent  of  the  total  wei|^,  bat,  as  afaeady 
stated,  the  Talue  of  the  rinr  catch  was  greater. 
Buffalo  fish  was  the  leading  species,  contributing  over 
one-half  of  the  weight  and  over  one-third  of  the  value 
of  the  Mississippi  River  product.  Catfish  ranked  next 
in  quantity  and  value,  and  was  closely  followed  by 
fmMMUk  and  paddkash  caTiar. 

FVsiiKfi,  »y  dan  of  jE(riUri«».---Tafafo  4,  on  page  184, 
fibres  statistics  of  the  weight  and  value,  by  species  and 
by  apparatus  of  capture,  of  the  product  taken  by  the 
vessel  fisheries  of  Mississippi  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
and  Table  5,  on  page  184,  gives  similar  statistics  for 
the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  of  the  same  district. 
Ofrtns  coBtiibvted  50  per  cent  ol  the  YwSat  ci  the 
pioduct  taken  hy  alian  asd  kiat  fiehariss  of  tiie  Ootf 
district.  The  fish  proper  reported  by  this  class  of 
fisheries  had  a  value  of  $50,000,  squeteague  being  the 
leatling  fish  with  respect  to  value,  and  mullet  ranking 
second.  The  catch  of  crabs  made  in  the  Gulf  shore 
and  boat  fisheries,  which  comprised  the  entire  crab 
pvodoet  of  IfiHiKippi,  raBked  moA  to  the  moUet 
pndoct  in  Tahie. 

Hie  following  tabular  statement  distriboles  the 
value  of  products  reported  for  the  state  as  a  whole 
and  for  each  class  ot  fisheries,  by  species  arranged  in 
order  of  value: 


ToM  

Fish  

BiilTalo  (ish  

Squeteague,  or  sea  trout  

OMOi  

Paddleflsh  and  paddleOrii  wvter 

Channel  hiiss.  or  redfldi  

Dnini,  fresh-water  

All  other  

Oysters  

Shrimp  

Crsbs  

AUoOier  


Tum  or 


1556,000 


164.000 
34.000 
28,000 
30,000 
19.000 
18,000 
10,000 

6.600 
27,000 
295,000 
81.000 
15,000 

1,300 


VwBel 
MMTies. 


1302,000 


30,000 
900 
9,200 
6,900 
100 
1,800 
4,200 


7,900 
215,000 
56,000 


200 


Shore  and 

boat 
fisheries. 


1255,000 


133.000 
34,000 
19,000 
13,000 
19,000 
16,000 
6,100 
6,600 
19.000 
81,000 
24,000 
15.000 

1.100 


With  the  exception  of  one  vessel  of  1 1  tons,  all  of 
the  Mississippi  River  fisheries  were  of  the  shove  and 

boat  class. 

Products,  by  apparatus  of  mftmre, — Fyke  and  hoop 
nets,  pound  nets,  and  slirimp  traps  were  used  exclu- 
sively in  the  MtssisBippi  Biver  district,  and  cast  nets, 

shrimp  nets,  and  dredges  and  tongs,  exclusively  in 
the  Gulf  <listrict,  while  seines,  trammel  neti^  and  Uhm 
were  common  to  both  districts. 

The  total  value  of  products  for  the  state,  distributed 
by  apparatus  of  capture  and  by  fishery  districts,  is 
shown  in  the  foflowing  tabular  statement: 


KIND  or  APPAKATUS. 


TMtf  

^Bdgw,  t(Hi8s,  ete 

TmniiMl  Mto 

Fjrke 
Lines 

SbiiBip  nets  and  tnps 
Anottar  r. 


TALOB  or  nooocTs:  1008. 


Gulf  of 

Mexico 

district. 

1866,000 

$459,000 

295,000 

296,000 

108,000 

82,000 

57,000 

56,000 

40.000 

40,000 

21,000 

12,000 

4,700 

3,400 

Missisripil 


907,000 


26,000 

600 
40,000 
19.000 
12,000 
1,200 


The  following  tabular  statement  distributes  the  total 
value  of  products  for  the  state  as  a  whole  and  for  each 
chMB  of  fisheries  by  apparatus  of  capture,  arranged  in 
the  oidflr  of  vahie  of  their  catdi: 


UHD  or  ATKABAtm. 


Total  

Dreiige,s,  tongs,  etc 

Seint's  

Tranunel  nets  

Fyke 
Lbiea 

Skftepaali  and  tiafa. 


TAira  or 


TataL 


«55«,000 


295.000 
108,000 
57,000 
«>,000 
40,000 
13,000 


VaMl 
flMMries. 


$302,000 


21o,000 
67.000 
20,000 


Shore  and 

boat 
fisheries. 


$2SS,000 


81,000 
40,000 

37,000 
40.000 
40,000 
13,00l> 


Oysters. — The  oyster  product,  all  of  which  was  taken 
in  the  Gutf  of  Mexico  district,  mostly  by  vessd  fisher- 
men, contributed  53  per  eent  of  the  value  of  the  state 
fishray  products.  The  oysters  taken  by  the  shore  and 
boat  fisheries  brought  a  price  considerably  higher  than 
that  received  for  the  product  of  the  vessel  fisheries, 
the  average  price  being  46  cents  per  bushel  for  the 
former,  as  against  24  cents  for  the  latter.  Oyster 
farming  was  followed  to  a  very  limited  exteat,  less 
than  1  per  crait  of  the  total  oystor  product  being  from 
private  areas.  The  entire  oyster  product  in  1908  was 
much  smaller  than  in  1902,  but  compared  with  the 
yield  in  previous  years,  must  be  considered  unusually 
large.  The  following  statement  gives  statistics  of  the 
oyster  product  for  1908  and  for  previous  canvasses: 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES.  181 

Buffalo         This  fish  was  the  kading  speeiea  of 
fish  proper,  and  wl»  taken  almost  exchniyely  in  the 

Miaossippi  River  district,  where  it  contributed  35 
per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  product.  Fyke  and 
hoop  nets  were  the  principal  forms  of  apparatus  of 
capture  used.  The  catch  of  buffalo  fish  in  1908, 
although  about  double  that  of  1894,  shows  a  de<»eafle 
compaied  with  1899.  Statistics  of  the  catch  of 
buffalo  fish  in  the  llisassippi  River  district  for  1894, 
1899,  and  1908  are  given  in  the  f<^wing  tabular 
statcmemt: 


1008. 


uoo. 

1887. 

uoo. 


Quantity 
(bushels). 

Value. 

1,068,000 
2,405,000 
030,000 
800,000 
£81,000 
25,000 

$20.5. 00(1 
42ti.0O0 
111,000 
107,000 
119,000 
10,000 

Shrimp. — Shrimp  are  takm  in  llJssisdppi  in  larger 
quantities  than  in  any  other  state  except  T^ouisiana. 
They  represented  15  per  cent  of  tlie  total  value  of  the 
state  product,  and  were  taken  in  both  the  Mississippi 
River  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  districts.  Only  3  per 
cent  of  the  total  shrimp  product  was  taken  in  the 
Mississippi  River  district,  but  this  small  portion 
contributed  14  pa*  cent  of  the  total  value.  The  vessel 
fisheries  of  the  Gulf  took  a  quantity  valued  at  70  per 
cent  of  the  total  value  for  the  state.  The  product  of 
the  Gulf  was  taken  almost  exclusively  ^^^th  seines, 
while  in  the  Mississippi  River  shrimp  traps  were  the 
form  of  apparatus  of  capture  used.  In  quantity  the 
shrimp  catch  of  190S  shows  a  decrease  compared  with 
that  of  1902,  but  an  increase  over  yetaa  prior  thereto. 
In  value,  however,  the  isimmp  product  has  increased 
steadily  since  1890,  as  is  shown  by  the  following 
tabular  statement : 


rmtm. 

WmBlfF  PKODUCT  OF 

outv  or  Mxxwo 
MsniCT. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

3,983,000 
4,424,000 
1,903,000 
614,000 
1,148,000 

$09,000 
58,000 
29,000 
13,000 
21,000 

BiirrALo-n.sH  pbod. 

CCT  OF  MlSSl.SSOfl 
BITER  DI8TUCT. 

Valoo. 

1,664,000 
2,023,000 
MB,000 

$34,000 
34,000 
16,000 

Squeteague,  or  sea  front. — The  catch  of  squeteague 
has  increased  constantly  in  quantity,  as  reported  at 
the  various  canvasses,  and  of  late  years,  in  value,  as 
is  diown  by  the  following  tabular  statement: 


rmuu 

■QtTETEAGUE 
rBOOVCT. 

QuantitT 
(poands). 

Vdn. 

07,000 
«S,000 

453,000 

372.000 
258,000 

$28,000 

18,000 
1(1,000 
18,000 
12,000 

Other  products. — Mullet  contributed  4  per  cent  of 
the  value  of  the  state  product.  This  species,  almost 
the  entire  catch  of  whidi  was  taken  with  trammel 
nets,  ranked  third  in  value  among  the  fish  products 
proper  of  the  state,  and  second  among  those  of  the 
Gulf  district.  During  recent  years  the  mullet  product 
has  increased  greatly  in  both  quantity  and  value,  as 
is  indicated  by  the  following  tabular  statement: 


MmXET  PBODtlCT. 

ssss. 

Vakn. 

l,flH,000 
000,000 

»a,ooo 

tao,ooo 

10,000 
2,900 

a,no 

182 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


Ctttfab  wwn  lakn  afanort  entirety  by  diote  and 
boat  fishermen,  and  practically  all  of  the  eateh  came 
from  the  Mississippi  River  district.  They  are  caught 
chiefly  with  lines.  The  following  tabular  statement 
gives  the  statistics  of  the  catch  of  the  Mississippi 
Rmr  dialiMl  m  reported  al  the  eanyaaBes  ol  1894, 


Tabu  1.— MISSISSIPPI— FISHERY  PRODUCTS:  1908. 


IMAM. 

CATFISH  PBODXn:!  Of 

MISSISSIPPI  mm 

DISTRICT. 

Quantity 

Value. 

im  

471,000 
307,000 
MB,000 

S19,000 
14,000 

M,<m 

18W  

1804  

raODQCT  CAOOHT  BT— 


Black  bass..... 

Bluefish  

Buffalo  fish.... 
Carp,  G«niiaii. 
Catfish  


Crappie  

Croaicer  , 

Drum,  fresh-water  

Drum  (salt-water), chumel 
bass,  or  redflsh  


Floanden. 

MoQhaden. 
Mullet  


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Bailor^  4 

Sbeepsheai* 
Spadefish. 


Spanish  mackereL 
,oran 


Stoawbany 

Stickers  

Sunfish,  or 
Whitinc... 
Afl  ^ 


Ctate. 
Cntm, 

Shrimp.. 
Terrapin 
Tnrtles.. 


Value. 


Quantitar 
(pounds). 


15.000 
W.OOO 
1.0(^4.000 
26,000 


337,000 
244,000 

38,000 

3.149,000 
l,a35,000 
4^000 

4,600 

n,no 

6,900 

7,100 
71,000 
817,000 

3,200 

20,000 
14,000 
12,000 

vv).m 

47.000 
4, 121,000 
5,100 
2,200 

«  7,03,000 


1,000 
800 
34,000 

soo 

4,800 
3.700 
6,600 

11,000 

2.000 

3.900 
20,000 

'iZ 

400 

700 
200 
4,300 
200 

SOO 
1,300 
28,000 
200 

400 
600 
400 


9.800 
5,600 
81,000 
1,200 
100 

282,000 


2,000 
4,900 
421,000 
12,000 

M,m 

28,000 
.37.000 
59,000 

41,000 

2,300 
3,149.000 
41,000 
300,000 

s,iii 

1,200 

 iigoo' 

7,600 
2,400 

1,400 
20,000 
80,000 
(•) 


Value. 


4,200 
2,000 


3,925,000 
5,100 
2,200 


200 
9,600 

300 
3,100 

1,500 
700 
1,200 

1,800 

100 
.3,900 

800 
6,800 

9,m 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


200 
13,000 
12,000 


100 


400 

100 

100 
400 

4,400 

(*) 


200 
100 


68,000 
1,200 
100 


22,000 

100 
100,000 

2,200 

185,000 

7,200 
500 
973,000 
1,000 


3,300 

'6,'466' 
58,000 
4,300 

5,400 
50,000 
383,000 
(•) 


Valne. 


tl7,fl00 


(*) 


600 
200 


600 


000 

(') 

8,300 

300 
(') 

18,000 


3,500 
7,300 
1,200 


300 

""'ioo' 

3,000 
100 

400 
900 
21,000 


Wykb  tad  hoop  nets. 


Quantity 
(poandi). 


1,766,000 


1,154,000 
14,000 
71,0>0 

11,000 


3,000 
200 


Value. 


S40,000 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Value. 


1,022.000  040,000 


23,000 
200 
8,100 

no 

"4,'806' 


7,500 
200 


100 
200 


19,000 


400 


13,000 

y,ooo 


800,000 

50,000 
25,000 
18,000 

17,000 

100 


800 

'ii'ooo' 


200 
12,000 

600 
12,000 

100 

400 
900 
50,000 
3,200 

1,000 
6,000 
1,000 


2,600 
600 
400 

800 


Another 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


«,000 


700 


(») 
700 

(') 

(') 

2,800 

aoo 

(•) 

300 

» 

9,800 
5,600 


14,000 
13,000 

1,500 

28,000 

22^666 


400 
2,500 


200 
4,400 


100,000 


« 7,423,000 
» 50,000 


ilodndeat 


Vdne. 


7,802,000  ;  S312,000 


300 

100 

1,500 
400 


(«> 

'(')' 


100 


200 


13,000 


292,000 
3,800 


^orals'  "iifi"»ifl'Yl'^ffjffMiyj|Si£fl^  shrimp^^ngs  and  to^,  178.000  pounds,  valued  at  tmjmi 

HOlOO'poaiids.  n,wb/i» bushels!^  v«iwiiO||^.^ himhAi. 


»  7,100  busheia. 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

Taha  a.— mSSIBSIPPI— fishery  products  of  gulf  of  MEXICO  DISTRICT:  1908. 


188 


Total. 


lisb: 

Biack  bass. 
Bluefish.... 
Catfish. 


Cnpplo. 


Croaker., 
Drum,! 
Dram,  aatt-watar. 

Floanden  

Menhaden........ 


MuUet  

Pompano  

Sailor's  choice,  or  pinfish  . 

Sheepshead.  

Spadefish   


Spanish 
Spot.... 
Sunl3sh,  or  bi 

\^iti^'?  

AH  other  


Crabs,  hard  

Crabs,  soft  

Shrimp  

Terrapin  

Turtles  

Oysters,  marlrat,  from  public 


Oyttan, 


TOTAL. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


17,302,000 


1,700 
18,000 
31,000 
227,000 
8,100 

176,000 
2,400 
17,000 
38,000 

3,149,000 

1,035,000 
4,600 
9,200 
81,000 
6,900 

7,100 
71,000 

5,300 
517,000 
12,000 

2,300 

380,000 
47,000 
3,983,000 
5,100 
2,200 

47,423,000 

•50,000 


Value. 


$450,000 


100 
800 
600 
10,000 
100 

3,700 
100 
600 

2,000 

3,900 

20.000 
400 
200 
4,300 
200 

500 
1,300 
200 
28,000 
400 
100 

9,800 
5,000 
69,000 
1,200 
100 

292,000 

3,800 


nODCCT  CAUGHT  BT— 


Quantity 
(poonds). 


7,331,000 


Value. 


4,900 
5,200 
30,000 
160 

37,000 
100 
3,600 
2,300 
3,149,000 

41,000 
1,200 
1,900 
7,600 
2,400 

1,400 
20,000 

1,200 
80,000 

3,060 


3,925,000 
5,100 
8,800 


882,000 


200 
100 
1.700 

700 
(») 

100 
100 

3,900 

800 
100 

400 
100 

100 
400 

4,400 
100 


68,000 
1,200 
100 


Tiammel 


Quantity 
(pound*). 


1,818,000 


200 
13,000 
14,000 
174,000 

100 

100,000 
2,200 
11,000 
7,200 
500 

973,000 
3,300 
6,400 
58,000 
4,900 

5,400 
50,000 
3,500 
383,000 
7,800 
1,400 


Value. 


800,000 


(») 


600 
300 
900 


2,000 
(») 

400 

300 
(») 

18,000 
300 
100 
3,000 
100 

400 

900 
100 
21,000 
300 
100 


Lines. 


Quantity 
(pounda). 


1,500 

(') 

12,000 
15,000 
1,000 

25,000 
300 
2,000 


300 
000 
13,000 
100 

400 
900 
SOO 
80,000 
1,800 


380,000 
47,000 


Value. 


021.000 


Cut  nets. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Valne. 


62,000  81,900 


(') 


100 


300 
700 
100 


600 


(•). 


(*) 


100 


700 


;800 


9,800 
5,600 


All 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


7,541,000 


1,100 
14,000 


100 
300 


400 

100  I 


38,000 


Va 


22,000 


400 

8,800 
300 


300 

100 
4,400 


400 


100 


(») 
(*>. 


200 


18,000 


700 


40,000 


< 7,423.000 
*  50,000 


292,000 
3,800 


I  Includes  appafatns,  wKh 
4M00  poimds,  'ramed  at  8800, 


DvedgeB,  tongs,  etc.,  7,mjm  poands, 
■  Laa  tiiaa  100  poonds. 


i,000;  spears,  etc.,  28,000 
*  IflBOjaoO  bushels. 


•081,500;  and  shrimp  IM 
*  7,100  bushels. 


Taus  8.— MI88I88IFPI— fishery  PRODUCTS  OF  lUSSISSim  RIVER  DISTRICT:  1908. 


snaxs. 


Total. 


Black  bass  

Buffalo  fish  

C|^j^ennan . . . . 


Cniiple  

Dnun,  freah-waler. 


0«*lHr. 


Kock  bass  

Strawberry  l>ass. 


TOTAL. 


Quantity 


3,245,000 


13,000 
1,664,000 
26,000 
471,000 

87,000 
334,000 
463,000 
4,U0 

12,000 
3,000 

0^800 


Vataa. 


897,000 


900 
34,000 

500 
10,000 

4,700 
6,500 
14,000 
4,000 

700 
200 
40O 
400 

11.000 


raoDUCT  CAVSRt  BT— 


1,766,000 


1,154,000 
14,000 
71,000 

11,000 
244,000 
253,000 


10,000 


Vaioe. 


840,000 


23,000 
300 
8,100 

700 
4,800 
7,500 


Quantity 
(powiids). 


787,000 


2,000 
421,000 
12,000 
40^000 

28,000 
59,000 
200,000 
8,000 


3,000 


Value. 


826,000 


200 
9,600 

300 
2,000 

1,500 
1,200 
6,800 
8,800 


100 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


472,000 


11,000 
80,000 


338,000 

49,000 
18,000 


12,000 
3,000 
1,000 
6,000 


Value. 


810,000 


700 
700 


13,000 

2,500 
400 


700 
200 


300 


Quantity 
(poands). 


01,C 


42,000 


18^1 


Value. 


81.300 


800 


ABottvi 


Quantity 

(pounds). 


180,000 


13,000 

"•.'ooo' 


1,000 


u^ooo 


Value. 


813.000 


(») 


11,0 


>  Includes  apparatus,  with  catch,  as  follows:  Shrimp  traps,  138,000  pounds,  vahMd  at  811/100,  and 


184 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 

4^--]fI88ISBIFFI-P]IODUCTB  OF  VSB81L  FIBBEBIB8  CfF  GULF  €9  MXZiOO  DISIBiOT: 


Flounders . 
Menhaden. 


mackwd. 


Shrimp  , 

Terrain    , 

OjaUn,  market,  from  public  areas. 


Quantity 

(pounds). 

Value. 

13,188,000 

13,000 

3,600 
100,000 

S,80» 

600 
100 
4,200 

5,700 
2,751,000 
353,000 
2,900 
22,000 

300 
3,400 

300 

1,000 

S.fi00 
4,000 
43.000 

178,000 
4,400 

2,600 

100 
300 
800 

9,aoo 

100 

100 

3,405,000 
600 

*  6,226,000 

56,000 
200 
214,000 
1,100 

FKOOUCT  CAVOar  BT- 


Quantitv 
(pounds). 


«,M4,O0O 


*6, 226, 000 


Value. 


t2U,000 


214,000 

i.in 


(pounds). 


6k3n,000 


3,800 
1,400 
20,000 

u,m 
i;aoo 

1,200 
2,751,000 
24,000 
900 
3,800 

2, 100 
1,100 
15,000 
40,000 
1,400 
1,000 

3,406,000 


Value. 


106,000 


200 

I 

900 


100 
3,400 
400 
100 
200 

(■) 

100 
300 
2,200 

0) 

Q) 

M^OOO 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


667.000 


8,900 
2.200 
80,000 
96^000 
4,000 

4,000 
200 
329,000 
2,000 
18,000 

3,400 
3,400 
28,000 
138,000 
3,000 
1,600 


ValiMi 


S20,00» 


400 
100 
3,400 
SO0 

Mi 

209 


6,800 
300 


100 
200 
500 
7, 100 
100 


*  S^OOO  tanlMk. 


Table  5.— MISSISSIPPI— PRODUCTS  OF  SHORE  AND  BOAT  FISHERIES  OF  GULF  OF  MEXICO  DISTRICT:  1908. 


Fish: 

Blark  haas. 
Bloeesh.... 


Onppie  

Croaker  

Oram,  tresb- water. 


llmhadea.  

Mullet  

Pompano  

Sailor's  choice,  or  pinfish. 


Sqneteainie.  or  sea  trout. 

Sunfish.  or  f 
Whiting. 


Crmhs 
Oabs,  so 
Shrimp. 
Tempio 
Turtles.. 


,  finym  publie  u 
,  from  privsto  t 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


1,700 
5,200 
200 
27,000 
127,000 

2, 100 
132,000 

2,400 
12.000 
32,000 

398,000 
682,000 
1,600 
7,000 


2,700 
28,000 
339,000 
5,. 300 
7^300 

380,000 
47,000 
578,000 
4,500 
2,200 
« 1,197,000 
•32,000 


Value. 


Tnmmelnets. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


1,161,000 


100 
300 

m 

600 

9,m 


1,700 

500 
13,000 
200 
200 
3,200 

200 
.500 
19,000 
200 
200 
100 

9,800 

5,600 
12,900 

1,100 
100 
78,000 

2,700 


200 
4,000 

200 
11,000 
93,000 

100 
71,000 
2,200 
7,200 
2,000 

300 
644,000 
1,300 
5,500 
40,000 

2,100 
22,000 
245,000 
3,500 
4,300 
1,500 


Value. 


(') 

200 

(*) 

200 
4,500 

(») 

1,500 

(h 

300 
100 

(') 

12,000 
100 
100 
2,200 

200 
400 
14,000 
100 
100 
100 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


1,500 
0) 


12,000 
15,000 

1,900 
25,000 

200 
2,000 

100 


200 
600 

v,m 

400 
900 
50,000 
500 
1,500 
660 


Value. 


100 


300 
700 

100 
600 


(') 


100 


(») 


(*)_ 


(*) 

(») 

2.800 
(») 
(«) 
(») 

•,800 
6,660 


Bttam. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


1» 


1,200 


3,800 
18,000 

100 
23,000 
100 
2,000 
1,100 

396,000 

17,000 
200 
1,100 


aoo 

4,500 
40,000 
1,200 
1,600 


520,000 
4,500 
2,200 


VsluCL 


100 


100 
800 


500 


(') 


100 


(') 


600 

300 


(») 
100 

2,200 

(') 


11,000 
1,100 
100 


All  other  apparatus.' 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


MM^MO 


1,1 


14,000 


400 
28,000 


22,000 
'466 


'"in 


68,600 


< 1,197,000 
» 32,000 


188,1 


(-> 
1,500 


400 


(*). 


1,160 


"8,000 

2,700 


I  Tn- 1n<!es  apparatus,  with  catch,aBfiiUowi:  Dredges,  tones. etc.. 1.229,000poaiid»,v«lu«iat$81,000:  cast  nets,  621)00  pounds,  valued  at  $1,900:  spears,  etc.aSiJOO 
lafet-:    '  V  V10:  and  shllapaM^4M>*P*n*ds,  valued  at  S800.  »--*— 
*JL«ssthaaS100.  •  Less  tban  100  pounds.  <  171,000  bushels.  »  4,500  bushels. 


■  \ 

I! 


Missoinki. 


The  fishing  grounds  of  Missouri  are  the  Mississippi, 
St.  Francis,  Missouri,  Osage,  and  Gasconade  Rivers 
and  the  Little  River  Overflow,  as  well  as  minor  wateis. 
Thqr  BiAy  be  grouped  in  two  districts,  comprising, 
nspeetively,  the  Waaadp^  Bivtg  with  its  tributaries, 
SKchisive  of  the  Missouri  River,  and  the  Missouri 
Biver  with  its  tributaries.  The  fisheries  of  the  state 
are  all  of  the  shore  and  boat  class,  no  documented 
vessels  being  employed.  The  following  is  a  general 
summary  of  the  industry  for  1908: 

Number  of  persons  employed   W8 

Boats   125,000 

Apparatus  of  capture   S9f  000 

Cboie  and  6MxeoBory  property  and  caeii   27,000 

VafaMoffModacto   271,000 

Oomparigon  wUh  previoui  canvasses. — comparison 
with  the  reports  of  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries  for  former 
years  shows  considerable  fluctuation  in  the  number 
of  persons  employed,  capital  invested  in  equipment, 
and  products.  The  following  tabular  statement  gives 
such  comparative  figures  for  1894,  1899,  and  1908: 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES.  186 

EgmpmeiU  and  eOsr  eafUdL—The  following  tabular 
statement  ^ves  the  value  of  the  equipment  and  the 
amount  of  other  capital  employed  in  the  industry, 
together  with  the  distribution  of  the  same  ])etween 
the  Mississippi  River  and  the  Missouri  River  districts: 


TBAB. 

PenoiM 

em- 
ployed, 

men. 

nK»ocn. 

TotaL 

Boata. 

Appara- 
tmat 
capture. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Valoe. 

1908  

1899  

1884  

606 
1,U6 
607 

$64,000 
52,000 
36,000  1 

639,000 
34,000 
24,000 

6,751,000 
7,551,000 
3,822,000 

$271,000 
211,000 
120,000 

Persons  employed. — The  distribution  of  the  persons 
engaged  in  fishing  in  1908  is  given  in  the  following 
tabidar  statement.  Ahnost  tiirae^oaryis  of  the  total 
number  wero  employed  in  the  fisheries  of  the  Missis- 
jdppi  River  and  its  tributaries  other  than  the  Missouri 
River.  This  district  reported  an  even  larger  propor- 
tion of  the  wage-earners: 


TKMaom  nobonD:  160B. 

Ntmber. 

Wages. 

Total. 

Proprie- 
tors and 

inde- 
IiCTid^t 

men. 

Wage- 
earners. 

906 

1746 

160 

$21,000 

660 
337 

533 

m 

136 
24 

19,000 
2,600 

cuMormwmmmn. 

TotaL  1 

Mississippi 
jftiver 

Missouri 

061,600 

671,000 

S,000 
11,000 
14,000 

39,000 
12,000 
14,000 

30.000 

9.400 
10.000 
30.000 

9.800 
12,000 

6,860 

1.700 
4.100 
8.300 
2.700 
2,800 

▼AUJB  or  MtomiKire  amp  < 
CAimL:  1600. 


The  number  of  boats  reported  was  785,  ^diich  com- 
prised 33  steam  and  motor  and  526  row  boats  in  the 

Mississippi  Rivw  distoict  and  9  steam  and  motor  and 

217  row  boats  in  the  Missouri  River  district. 

The  following  tabular  statement  shows  the  number 
of  the  more  important  kinds  of  apparatus  of  capture 

used: 


KINP. 


Firearms  

Fyke  and  hoop  i 
Pound  nets  

8cillC8>  •  >•>>•••••■■>>>«-■•• 

Spears,  etc  

Trammel  nets  

Traps,  muskrat  and  otter. 


MtfAMktm  or  cAmas:  1168. 


TotaL 

Mississippi 
River 
district. 

111 

Ill 

0,019 

4,601 

» 

26 

188 

137 

68 

68 

161 

85 

1,580 

1,580 

Missouri 

H  iver 
district. 


I,  US 

""a. 


76 


Apparatus  of  capture  represented  a  little  more  than 
two-^fths  of  the  capital  invested,  the  balance  being 
about  equally  divided  brtween  boats  on  the  one  hand 
and  shore  and  aoceesoiy  property  and  cash  capital  on 

the  other. 

Products. — The  prockicts  of  all  fi.sherios  of  tlu'  state, 
distributed  by  species  and  apparatus  of  capture,  are 
given  in  Table  1 ,  on  page  186.  The  German  carp  led  in 
quantity  and  value,  and  was  f<^owed  by  catfish,  bull- 
heads, and  buffalo  fish,  the  catches  of  these  four  species 
representing  nearly  three-fifths  of  the  total  value  of 
products.  The  frog  catch  was  of  considerable  impor- 
tance, while  muskrat,  mink,  and  otter  .skins  contributed 
nearly  6  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  protlucts. 

In  Tables  2  and  3,  On  page  1S7,  the  products  are 
distributed  by  specaes  and  apparatus  of  capture  for 
the  two  districts.   The  distribution  of  the  principal 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


ptoducto,  by  speciM  and  dfotiiets,  is  giroi  in  the  f<^ 


Total. 


Carp,  Getmao. 

Catfish  and '  ' 
Buffalo  fish 
Black 
Orai^ne 


Tn^  

Mussel  shell";,  pearls,  and  slugs  ... 
Skiiis-^naskrat,  mink,  and  otter. 


TAI.T7S  or  PSODUCTS:  1908. 


TotaL 


S271,000 


241,000 
80,000 
51.000 
30.000 
27.000 
17,000 
11,000 
•,«00 
5.100 
11.000 
11,000 
1.600 
16,000 
400 


Mississippi 
Rlyer 


Missouri 
RiTcr 


S197,000 


168,000 
44,000 
37,000 
25,000 
27,000 
16,000 
5,900 
8,500 
1,400 
5,000 
11,000 
1,600 
15,000 
400 


S74,000 


74,000 
37,000 
15,000 

4.900 
100 

1,300 

i,m 
t,m 


Tbe  d&tobolion  itf  tlM  Talne  of  tiw  prodncte 
Big  to  i^ipanlw  (rf  etaptxm  used  was  m  tcSkma: 


rum  aw  fbodoctk  1908. 

TotaL 

Mississippi 

Mlssoorl 
Rlrar 

Total  

1271,000 

$197,000 

$74,000 

88,000 
68,000 
46,000 
40,000 
15,000 
14,000 

65,000 
42,000 
40,000 
30,000 
15,000 
14,000 

23,000 
26,400 
5,000 

ao!,ooo 

Fyke  and  hoop  nets  are  credited  with  the  largest 
catch  for  the  Mississippi  Biyer  district,  and  seines  with 
the  lai^est  catch  for  the  IfiaBoari  Biver  diatrict. 


Tabu  1.-^MIS80URI— FISHERY  FBODUCTS:  UW8. 


Black  bass. 
Bream,  or  sa 

Buffalo  fish  

Carp,  German  

Catfish  and  bullheads. 


Pike  


Vnrls  and  sln^. 
Bdns.  mink  and 


FBOOUCT  CAUGHT  BT— 


TOTAL. 


e» 751, 000 


329,000t 
441,000 

993,000 
2,432,000 
1,166,000 

336,000 
34,000 

323,000 
17,080 


58,000 
34,000 

aoo 


87,000 
1,900 


4400 
•9^800 


Ytlae. 


1271,000 


27,000 
9,600 
30,000 
80,000 
51,000 

17,000 
700 

11,000 
1,000 
4000 

1,200 
2,700 

100 
1,400 

11,000 
100 
400 
1,000 
800 
3,100 
12,080 


FytewilHp 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

QuantitT 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quaoti^ 
(pounds). 

Value. 

QoaatitT 
(poonds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

ValMu 

2,538,000 

888,000 

1,915,000 

»>8,000 

970,000 

846,000 

1,082,000 

$40,000 

26,000 

$1,100 

248,000 

$28,000 

43,000 
271,000 
476,000 
928,000 
378,000 

152,000 
13,000 

145,000 
2,700 
49,000 

12,000 
9,200 

3,500 
5,800 
15,000 
31,000 
16,000 

7,400 
300 

4,800 
200 

1,400 

30O 
700 

61,000 
143,000 
299,000 
841,000 
200,000 

137,000 
8,800 

n,ooo 

7,700 
51,000 

5,800 
12,000 
300 
40,000 

5,200 
2,900 
8,700 
■211,1X10 
10,000 

7,000 
200 

2,900 
400 

1,700 

100 
1,000 

(') 

1,500 

9101.000 

Ifi.OflO 

24,000 
25,000 
173,000 
516,  OCO 
104,000 

33,000 
8,600 

62,000 
4,900 

26,000 

200 
11,000 

4^,^000 

li^DOO 

1,800 

800 
5,200 
18,000 
0,300 

1,700 
200 

2,300 
300 
900 

% 

1.(M¥)  100 

38,000 
141,000 
482,000 

3,000 
2,800 
44,000 
1,600 
400 

41,000 
2,600 

.1,400 
,5,100 
19,000 

200 
100 
1,500 
100 
(') 

800 
200 

7,000 
5,000 
2,500 

10,000 

200 
100 
100 

600 

600 

(') 

1,500 

(') 

(») 

1,600 

^'ioo 

40,000 
300 
17,000 

1,600 
100 
400 

9,100 
1,000 

500 
% 

16,000 

400 

67,000 
1,100 

11,011 

(») 

800 

(') 
300 

2,700 

100 

20,000 

800 

(*) 

170,000 

1,000 
600 
3, 100 
12,000 

^400 
*  9,800 

IP 


Mnskrat  traps,  etc.,  10,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $1,600. 


viiMd  at  t7,an; 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

Tabui  a.-4Ifi380URI—mHBBT  FRODUCIS  OF  MISSISSIPPI  RIVEB  DISTRICT:  liOB. 


187 


Tetd. 


Blaokbass  

Bream,  or  sunfisb 

Buffalo  fish  

Cig^Oennan. . . . 


Crai 


Dnim,  fresh-water. 

Eels  

Paddlefish  


Pike  

POn  perdi  (waitmd  pike) 
BoekUunaadwlAsb 

Sturgeon  

Caviar  and 
Suckers  


Frogs  

Turtles  and  ten^iiii... 

Mussel  shells  

Pearls  and  slugs  

Skins,  mink  and  otter. 
Skins,  muskrat  


TOTAL. 


Quantity 
(pounds.) 


8,40,000 


328,000 
421,000 
894,000 
1,735,000 
987,000 

313,000 
14.  (KX) 

233,000 
f.,500 
94,000 

68,000 
300 
300 

54,000 
300 

38,000 

67,000 
88,000 
170,000 


<400 
*  9,800 


Value. 


$197,000 


27,000 
8,500 
25,000 
44,000 
87,000 

16,000 
300 

5,900 
300 

2,300 

1,200 

(=) 
(■-) 

1,200 
100 
800 

11,000 
400 
1,000 
600 
3, 100 
12,000 


Fyke  and  boop 
Data. 

Seines. 

Lines. 

Trammel  nets. 

Fwrndneti. 

Anctoy- 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

i^untity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Qiianiity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantitv 
(pounds). 

Value. 

QoantttT 

(pounds). 

Vdne. 

QuantitT 
(pounds). 

Vabn. 

3,l«B,flOO 

I8I»000 

1,4BQ^«0 

$^,000 

881,000 

$40,000 

682,000 

820,000 

26,000 

81,100 

248,000 

828,008 

42,000 
2(.5,000 
448,000 
705,000 
830,000 

146,000 
6,800 
1  118,000 
600 
41,000 

1  12,000 

1  100 

3,400 
5,400 
13,000 
19,000 
12,000 

7,000 
200 
3, 100 
(') 

1,000 

300 

(») 

61,000 
137,000 
250,000 
593,000 
137,000 

130,000 
2,500 

39,000 
3,700 

38,000 

5,800 
200 
300 
15,000 

•5, 100 
2,600 
6,700 

13,000 
4,900 

6,fi00 

(») 
900 
200 
900 

100 
(•) 

% 

201,000 

\,m 
35,000 

109, 0<V, 
460,000 

2.100 
1,700 
38,000 
800 

10,000 
100 
1.200 
.S.  IIK) 

17,000 

100 

(«) 

1,000 

(') 

24,000 
1S,(»K) 
14S,(XX) 
324,000 
58,000 

25,000 
3, 100 

38,000 
1,400 

13,000 

200 
100 

(») 

17,000 
14?000 

1,800 
400 
4,000' 

8,000 

2,700 

1,300 
100 
900 
100 
300 

(») 
(•) 

% 

7,000 
5,000 
9.  .¥10 

266 
100 

100 

1 

10,000  1  000 

600 

(*) 

1,800 

(«) 

41,000 

(') 

800 
(») 

.      18,  (KK) 
1  300 
1  13,000 

i 

400 
100 
300 

3,800 
^^00 

100 

(») 

12,000 

200 

67,000 
1,100 
170,000 

ll.l» 

?J» 

3,100 
12,000 

2,700 

100 

21,000 

300 

800 

(») 

 1  

«400 

*9,800 

1 

>  Includes  appamtos,  with  eatoh,  as  fallows:  Tiaps,  muskrat,  etc.,  10,000  pounds,  valued  at  $15,000;  guns,  40,000  pounds,  valued  at  $7..V)();  spears,  etc,  22,000  pounds 
▼alued  at  $3,600;  and «l»wfca*dfBdt«^  170^000  pounds,  valued  at  $1,600.  ,  onn  loanmen^. 

sLaMtbaDSUU.  •  Leas  than  100  pounds.  'SOOskins.  *  29,000  skins. 


Tabu  8.-4a880UBI— FISHBEY  PBODUGTS  OF  MISSOURI  EIVBR  DI8TBICT:  1M8. 


Total. 


Bream,  or  sunflsh  

Buffalo  flsh  

Carp,  German  

CMUi  Mid  biriUMads.. 


Draai,  ftcdi-water. 


Paddlefish  

Ffke perch  (wall-eyed  pike). 


TOTAL. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


1,808,000 

1,.300 
20,  OCX) 
99,000 
697,000 
179,000 

23,000 
20,000 
90,000 


35,000 
34,000 
78,000 
1^808 


Value. 


r4,on 

loo 

1,100 
4,900 
37,000 
16,000 

1,300 
400 

5,600 
700 

1,700 
2,700 
3,700 


PRODUCT  CAUGHT  BY— 


Quantity 

(pounds). 


«8,000 

700 
6,300 
43,000 
248,000 
63,000 

6,900 
6,200 
33,000 
4,000 

13,000 
12,000 
25,000 


Value. 


836,000 

100 
300 

2, 100 
13,000 

5,200 

400 
100 
1,900 


TOO 
900 
1,300 
200 


Fyke  and  boep  iMta. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Value. 


301,000 

400 
5,900 
28,000 
224,000 

47,000 

6,500 
5,900 
27,000 
2,  MO 

7,900 
9,200 
22,000 
41« 


823,000 

300 
1,500 
12,000 
4.100 

400 
100 
1,700 
100 

300 
700 
1,100 

900 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


370,000 

loo 

7,800 
25,000 
192,000 

46,000 

8,800 
6,400 
24,000 
8,800 

13,000 
11,000 
26,000 
8,808 


Value. 


820,000 

400 
1,200 
10,000 

3,600 

500 
100 
1,400 
200 

600 
800 
1,200 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


77,000 

'm 

400 

8,500 
83,000 

23,000 

900 
1.200 
5,900 


400 
2,ti00 
5,300 

tfVo 


Value. 


$5,400 

(') 

200 
2,000 

1,900 


(•) 


100 

400 


200 
400 


tbaaSUN. 


I 


FISH£BI£S  OF  THE  UNHED  STATES,  1908. 


NEBRASKA. 

In  1908  commercial  fishing  in  this  state  was  confined 
to  shore  and  boat  fishing  in  the  Missouri  River.  The 
products  comprised  seven  species,  of  which  the  cliief 
was  Gennan  carp.  The  other  kinds  of  fiish  taken, 
■■WiiitiithafltdgolthaTahieolthecatdi,  w««  ea^ 
Mk,  Imffalo  fiah,  pwidlnfiih,  gtargexm,  fraeb-water 
drum,  and  pike  praeh,  or  waO-eyed  pike.  The  follow- 
ing statement  gives  a  summaij  of  the  priiwipal  frtatitr 
tics  of  the  industry  for  1906: 

Number  of  penoM  eaf^yed.   129 

Capital: 

 1  »i.soa 

itiifl  of  capture   1^500 

I  and  accesBory  property   600 

icf  ptoducto   22,000 

Comparison  with  previous  canvasses. — While,  in  the 
■annlMr  of  penMiM  employed,  Tafaie  <tf  boats,  and  qyajir 
tify  of  prodoet,  Uie  figuns 

compared  with  previous  canvasses,  thate  has  been  a 

de^-ided  increase  in  the  value  of  the  apparatus  of  cap- 
ture and  in  the  value  of  the  product.  The  following 
tabular  statement  gives  the  principal  statistics  for 
1894,  1899,  and  1908: 


TXAS. 

Persons 

employed, 

1    fuxm  or  ■nuiriiMT. 

TotaL 

Boikts. 

Appa- 
ratus of 
capture. 

Quantity 
i(pounds). 

Vaiaa. 

tm\"""."V.'. 

129 

142 

76 

3,900 

3,  aoo 

SI, 300 
1,400 
500 

82,500 
1,900 
1,700 

399.000 
367,000 
340,000 

$22,000 
16,000 
M,000 

Persons  employed. — The  Nebraska  fisheries  furnished 
employment  for  129  persons  in  1908.    Of  these,  115 
proprietoni  uid  iiklependent  fishermen  and  14 


were  wage-earners.  The  wage-earners  received  $900 
in  wages  during  the  year. 

EgvipmMi  and  o0m  Mpifol.— The  capital  inyested 
in  the  industiT'  was  distributed  m  foOofm:  Bowboata, 
$1,300;  apparatus  of  capture,  $2,500;  and  ahon  and 
accessory  property,  S600. 

There  were  96  boats  reported,  and  their  value  was 
sUghtly  less  than  the  value  of  boats  reported  in  1899, 
but  oyer  twice  that  reported  in  1894.  The  total  invest- 
ment in  apparatus  of  captme  in  1906  shows  a  consider- 
able incmaae  oyer  the  amooat  reported  for  this  item  in 
1899. 

In  1908,  38  seines,  217  fyke  and  hoop  nets,  60  potS 
and  traps,  and  32  trammel  nets  were  reported. 

Products. — The  fishery  products  of  the  state,  distrib- 
uted by  species  and  apparatus  of  capture,  are  given  in 
the  foUowii^  taUe. 

The  leading  spedes  was  (German  carp,  irin^  repre- 
sented 64  per  cent  of  the  weight  of  all  the  fishery  prod- 
ucts of  Nebraska  and  53  per  cent  of  the  total  value. 
The  catch  of  this  fish  has  increased  greatly  \vithin  the 
past  few  years,  as  a  quantity  valued  at  only  $100  was 
caught  in  1894,  and  none  was  reported  in  1899.  The 
catfish  product,  66,000  pounds,  valued  at  $6,600,  was 
considerably  smaller  in  quantity  but  scnnewhat  lai^ 
in  value  than  that  reported  in  1899,  which  was  85,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $6,100.  The  catch  of  buffalo  fish, 
43,000  pounds,  was  less  than  a  third  of  that  reported  in 
1899,  138,000  pounds;  but  a  comparison  of  the  respec- 
tive valuefi  of  the  two  catches,  $2,200  for  that  of  1908 
and  $4,900  for  that  of  1899,  shows  an  increase  in  the 
average  price  per  poimd.  The  quantity  of  this  fish 
reported  in  1894  was  169,000  pounds,  valued  at  $7,000. 

The  catch  of  sturgeon  in  1908  was  somewhat  less  in 
quantity  and  in  value  than  in  1899,  while  that  of  pad- 
dlefish  was  greater  both  in  quantity  and  in  value. 


NKBRASKA— FISHEBT  PRODUCTS:  1906. 


TOTAL. 

nxatvct  OMB  sr— 

IhiBnBl  sets. 

LfaM. 

Fyke  and  boop  nets. 

nsh  pots  and  tnpa. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(poands). 

Valoe. 

Quantitv 
(peoads). 

Vate. 

Quantity 
(pamadi). 

Vabw. 

Quantity 
(pandi). 

Vakia. 

Smd^ 

VahM. 

TMaL  

CMMi  

3N,0B0 

122,000 

164,000 

tS,500 

124,000 

S7,000 

42,000 

S3, 100 

54,000 

13,000 

15,000 

ssoo 

41,000 
254,000 
66,000 
4,900 
20,000 
100 
11,000 

2,200 
12,000 

6,600 
300 
800 

(•) 

m 

20,000 
102,000 
21,000 
2,300 
17,000 

%wa 

1,000 
4,  ,500 
2,100 
100 
600 
(') 
100 

11,000 

9i,nno 

14,000 
2,200 

SOO 
4,600 
1,400 
200 
200 
(») 

aoo 

2,500 
14,000 
20,000 

200 
GOO 
2,000 

9,100 

36,000 
8,700 
200 

500 

1,600 
900 
(') 

1,000 
11,000 
3,000 
200 

(') 

400 
300 

Pitepw^cjimttaw>).... 

5,600 

300 

FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


NEW  HAMPSmSB. 

New  Hampshire  has  but  one  county  bordering  upon 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  its  fisheries,  wliich  are  all  of 
the  shore  and  boat  class,  are  of  relatively  small  im- 
portance. The  principal  statistics  for  1908  are  given 
in  the  following  statement: 

Number  of  persona  employed   79 

Boats  113,000 

Apparatus  of  capture   10, 000 

Shore  and  accessory  property  and  cai^   200 

YalwKrf  pioducto  ,   53,000 

As  earij  as  1888  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries  reported 
that  there  had  been  a  considerable  diminution  in  the 
importance  of  the  fisheries  of  the  state,  a  decrease 
being  evident  in  the  number  of  persons  employed,  in 
the  amount  of  capital  invested,  and  in  the  quantity 
and  value  of  the  products.  Tliis  downward  tendency 
has,  on  the  whole,  continued,  althou^  the  heavy  de- 
crease in  the  quantity  of  products  since  1898  has  been 
accompanied  by  an  increase  in  their  value.  Further- 
more, since  1905  the  investment  in  equipment  has  in- 
creased, as  shown  in  the  following  tabular  statement: 


Persons 
employed, 
exclusive 
of 

shonsnwn. 

VALUE  or  EQumaura. 

PBODUCI8. 

Total. 

Vessels 
and 
boats, 
including 
outfit. 

Appa- 
ratus of 
capture. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

VafaM. 

79 
132 
147 
143 

sao 

$23,000 
18.WX) 
24.000 
25,000 
64,000 

$13,000 
8.200 
12.000 
13,000 
41,000 

$10,000 

9.tjOO 
11. (XK) 
12,000 
23,000 

677.000 
1,030.  (XX) 
1.. 59.3. 000 
1  3,021,000 
3,843,000 

$53,000 

52,000 
50.0(X) 
49,000 
90,000 

Of  the  79  persons  employed  in  1908,  78  were  pro- 
prietors and  independent  fishermen,  and  only  one  was 
reported  as  a  wage-earner. 

The  following  tabular  statem^t  shows  tiie  invest- 
ment in  the  New  Hampshire  fisheries  in  1908: 


Total. 


Boats  

Steam  and  motor  

SaU  

Bow  

lofe^ttnn. 


AND 

onnn  cahial: 
1908. 


NwBber. 


80 
36 
17 
27 


VahM. 


$23.  ax) 


13.000 
11,000 
1,400 
800 
10,000 

aoo 


I  Less  than  tlOO. 


Six  gill  nets,  2,730  lobster  pots,  3  moss  rakes,  and 
11  weirs  were  reported. 

Statistics  concerning  the  iisheiy  products  of  the 
state,  distributed  aoeoniUng  to  q>ecies  and  apparatus 
of  capture,  are  giyen  in  the  tabolar  statraMiit  at  the 


end  of  this  section.  In  1908  the  value  of  lobsters  con- 
stituted 81  per  cent  of  the  vahie  of  aU  products.'  Hie 
lobster  product  has  increased  ra^cOj  in  quantity  and 
more  rapidly  in  value  since  the  canvass  of  1888,  as 
shown  below: 


TXAB. 


1908 
1905 
1898 


rBODUCI. 


Quantitv 
(pounds). 


264,000 
256,000 
100,000 
1»,000 


Vabw. 


$43,000 
33,000 
9,400 


In  other  respects  the  fislieries  of  New  Hampshire 
have  sufTered  a  decrea.se  in  importance.  In  IS.SS  the 
catch  of  c(3d  was  1,426,000  pounds,  valued  at  820,000; 
that  of  haddock  was  1,069,000  pounds,  valued  at 
$20,000;  and  that  of  halibut  143,000  pounds,  valued 
at  $12,000.  Compared  with  these  figures  the  totals 
for  1908  were  very  small,  as  may  be  seen  from  the 
tabular  statement  given  below: 


nSHEBY  PKODUCTS:  19U8. 


nnMHtflamVpy— 

Lines. 

AU  other  appa- 
ratus.' 

Qoantity 
(poimds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(poooda). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

«n,ooo 

168,000 

211,000 

$5,500 

467,000 

$48,000 

Fish: 

121,000 

135,000 
100,000 
13,000 
6,300 
2.(i00 

1.800 

3,900 
2.700 
100 
100 
.300 

121,000 

44,000 

1,808 
1,488 

91,000 
100.  (XX) 
13,000 
6,300 

2.600 
2.700 
100 
100 

I'ollack.... .......... 

2.600 
264,000 
35,000 

300 
43,000 
1,400 

2t>4.(HIO  43.000 
,35.000  1,400 

>  Includes  apparatn.s,  with  (^tch,  as  follows:  Lobster  pots.  2(V4. 000  pounds,  valued 
at  $43,000:  Tx)nii.l  m  is  and  weirs,  124.000  ix)unds,  valuetl  ;a  gill  noti,  MSW 

pounds,  valued  at  $1,4UU;  and  rakes,  35,000  pounds,  valued  at  $1,400. 

NEW  JBB8ST. 

In  1908  New  Jersey  ranked  d^th  in  value  of  fisheiy 

products,  with  a  catch  valued  at  $3,069,000.  Oysters 
were  the  loading  product,  their  value  forming  45  per 
cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  fishery  products  of  the 
state;  while  squcteague,  hard  clams,  and  shati  were 
other  prominent  varieties.  Delaware  Bay,  the  Lower 
Bay,  and  the  numerous  coves  and  inlets  along  the 
coast  are  among  the  more  important  fishing  grounds 
of  the  state. 

The  following  statement  gives  the  principal  sta- 
tistics for  the  fisheries  of  the  state  in  1908: 

Number  of  persons  employed   7, 231 

Capital: 

Vessels  and  boats,  including  ootfit.  $1,100,000 

Apparatus  of  capture   S46, 000 

Shore  and  accessory  property  and  cash   200, 000 

Value  <rf  products   8, 000, 


liO  FISHERIES  OF  THE 

Comparison  with  previous  canvasses. — A  compari- 
son of  the  general  statistics  for  1908  with  similar  items 
fcr  prarious  yean  shows  thst  there  has  been  a  marked 
dsefiM  in  the  magnitacle  <rf  the  indiMtiy  amoe  1897, 
•  foOoiniig  a  gain  between  1S91  and  1897.  Such  a  eom- 
panson  is  made  in  the  foUowmg  tabular  iiiitimniTnt- 


PcfSUDS 

ployed, 
exaa- 

£■» 

TALUK  or  EQUIPHXNT. 

noDDcm 

TotaL 

Mrtftt. 

Quantitv 
(pouDds). 

Value. 

7,145 
8,293 
11,884 
10,187 

SI. 445.000 
1,548.000  1 
1,634,000 
l,8li^«0 

$1,100,000 
1.135.()(X) 
1,252,000 

1 

$345,000 
413.000 
382,000  , 
821,000 

74.827,000 
90.1(J8.()00 
103,783,000 
7»,  116,000 

13,000,000 
3,385,000 
3,014,000 
S,M^O0O 

Persons  employed. — Tlie  following  tabular  statement 
gives  statistics  as  to  the  persons  employed  in  the  fish- 
cries  of  New  Jeacsej  in  1908: 




CLUB. 

NnmlMr. 

■ 

Salaries  and  wages. 

Tim  I 

nvprw* 
ton  and 

Inde- 
pmdent 

Sala- 
ried 
em- 
ploy- 

Wage- 
earn- 
ers. 

TotaL 

Sala- 
ries. 

Wages. 

TWaL  

7,231 

>  4,041 

4 

3.186 



8744,000 

81,500 

*  $742,000 

ToKi  fidMries  

2.329  I 
115 

4,701 
86 

39 
3,687 

T 

1,990 

7fl 

1,034 
86 

399,000 

20.000 

•300,000 
24,000 

1,500 

396,000 
20,000 

300,000 
24,000 

1  Esclusive  of  75  proi»ietors  not  flshii^. 

>  IncludM  fcovMona  ftiiiiWMd  to  tiM  vabw  of  $138,OO0L 


Of  the  shoresmen,  82  were  employed  in  the  shore  and 
boat  fisheries  and  4  in  the  vessel  fisheries.  Including 
shoresmen,  4,78.3  persons  were  engaged  in  the  shore 
and  boat  fishaies  and  2,333  in  the  vessel  fisheries, 
Thm  pro]»ietonr  and  indepmAent  fishermen  outnum- 
hmd  the  sahsried  employees  and  wage-eaRMrs,  owing 
to  the  preponderance  of  independent  fishermera  ^anAng 
those  engaged  in  tlie  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 

Equipment  and  other  capital. — The  statistics  of  cap- 
ital invested  are  shown  in  the  next  table. 

The  value  of  the  vessels  and  their  outfits  and  boats 
amoonted  to  $1,100,000  and  fbnned  64  per  cent  of  the 
total  investment.  Cmtiaiy  to  the  general  role  in 
coast  fisheries,  both  the  mmdber  and  the  Takie  of  power 
vessels  and  boats  were  greater  than  those  of  sail  ves- 
sels and  sailboats,  there  being  1,176  of  the  former 
class,  valued  y,it]\  their  outfits  at  $849,000,  and  1 ,002 
of  the  latter,  valued  with  then-  outfits  at  $203,000.  Of 
tte  total  rtiub  <rf  eraft,  includmg  outfit,  60  per  cent 
npnaented  the  investment  in  the  yesseb  of  the  Teasel 
fisheries;  36  per  cent  that  in  the  boats  of  shore  and 
boat  fisheries :  and  5  per  cent  that  in  transporting  ves- 
sels. Of  tJie  investment  in  shore  and  accessory  prop- 
erty, $164,000  pertained  to  shore  and  boat  fikieries; 


NITED  STATES,  1906. 

$34,000  to  vessel  fisheries;  and  $2,200  to  transporting 
vessels.  The  cash  reported  was  as  follows:  -$59,000 
for  shore  and  boat  fisheries;  $9,400  for  vessel  fisheries; 
and  $800  for  transporting  vesaeb.  Hie  total  invest- 
ment in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  was  $932,000  md 
that  m  the  vesseli||^|||i  $727,000. 


cuat  09  nmnann. 

EQUIPMENT  AND   OTHER  CAPITAL: 
190H. 

Value. 

Number. 

Total  

81,714.000 

Vessels,  inclndins!  outfit  

Fishing'   

709.000 
658,000 
546,000 
453,000 
93,000 
111,0(K) 
93,000 
18,000 
200 
52,000 
36,000 
31,000 
5,100 
16,000 
13,000 
2,800 
391,000 
266,000 
76,000 
39.000 
9.000 
345,000 
28,000 
318,000 
380,000 
88,080 

435 
381 
855 

4.188 

3,221 

BaO.  

129 

1,225 

Outfit  

7 
U 

n 

""m 
m 

^tamsportinK  

Outfit  

SaU  

» 

an 

Outfit  

3,'8iV 
898 
852 

1,654 
439 

Sair.  

other  

Apparatus  of  capture  

Shore  and  boat  llalierlBS  

Shore  and  looi— lyBwyuitj  

Apparatus  of  capture  was  valued  at  $34,5,000,  the 
greater  part  of  which  amount,  $318,000,  or  92  per  cent, 
is  credited  to  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries.  The  distri- 
bation  of  the  principal  kinds  of  apparatos  of  capture 
reported  between  the  vessel  fishmies  and  the  Aon 
and  boat  fisheries  was  as  follows: 


mo. 

APPARATUS  OP  capture:  1908. 

1M8L 

■ 

Used  In— 

j  M^L. 

SboTeaad 

nip  nets  

EpI  notB. 

183 
4,300 
1.591 
2.243 
19 
4,191 
2,564 
360 
346 
5 
3 

in 

4,313 

1,511 
2.054 
19 
3,«U 

t,m 
3n 

5 

2 

87 
80 

189 

Gill  nets  

Lobster  pots  .„  

Mnskrat  traps  

Pound  and  trap  nets  

280 

24 

Shrimp  nete.  

Products,  hy  species. — ^Table  1,  on  page  193,  gives  the 
products,  by  species  and  apparatus  of  eaptuie. 

The  leadhig  species,  named  in  the  ordor  of  quantity 

I  taken,  were  oysters,  menhaden,  squeteague,  Irii^ 
1  crabs,  cod,  whiting,  sea  bass,  and  shad;  while  named 
according  to  value,  tiiey  were  oysters,  squeteague, 
hard  clams,  shad,  cod,  and  sea  bass. 

Products,  by  class  of  Jisherie8.—Ta.h]e  3,  on  page  195, 
gives  the  statistics  of  ib»  vessd  fisheries,  by  species 
and  by  apparatus  of  capture ;  and  TaUe  2,  on  page  194, 
gives  sunilar  statistics  for  tlie  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 
The  following  tabular  statement  distributes  the  total 


value  of  products  by  species  and  by  class  of  fisheries, 
only  those  products  for  wliich  a  value  in  excess  of 
$10,000  was  reported  being  shown  separately: 


TMbL. 


FWi  

Squeteague  

Shad  

Cod  

Sflft  Imiss ■ 

Blueflsh  

Butterflsh  

SUvw  hake  

Meaibadeo  

8cnp  

Flounders  

Sturgeon  and  caviar. 

Eeb  

Bralio. ............. 

Cioaker  

Carp,  GeTUU.  

Ifackerd  

Alewives  

Perch,  white  

All  other  

Oysters  

Market  

Seed  

Claras  

Crabs  

Lobster  

Another  


▼A£im  ov  iBMnocn:  1908. 


TotaL 


$3,069,000 


Vessel 


Shmvaad 
boat 


$1.19<i.OOO 


1,305.000 
342,000 
229,000 
130,000 
123,000 
99.0('0 
51.  (KK) 
44,000 
43,000 
35,000 
25.000 
23,000 
22.000 
22,000 
19,000 
16,000 
14,000 
12,000 
11,000 
43,000 
1,369.000 
884.000 
4S.'').0()0 
337,000 
34,000 
16,000 
9,000 


186,000 
13,000 


90,000 
40,000 
4,700 
(•) 


13,000 
17.000 
400 

2,100 

700 
200 
2,90C 


2,200 

'"aoo 


$1,873,000 


Products,  by  apparatus  of  capture. — ^The  following 
tabular  statement  shows,  for  each  class  of  fisheries,  the 
distribution  by  apparatus  of  capture  of  the  total  value 
of  products  for  the  state,  orUy  those  forms  of  appa- 
ratus wliich  took  products  having  a  value  in  excess  of 
$10,000  being  shown  separately. 


KIND  or  xewMMAtm. 


,taiip,ete... 

laiidtnH^n"^- 
LtaMB  

OUlnets  


Bel  and  lobster  pots  and  trt^. 
r;gEei»a  boop  neb  


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES.  181 

important  species  in  the  pound  and  trap  net  catch. 
Of  the  value  of  the  line  catch,  more  than  two-thirds 
represented  the  value  of  sea  bass  and  cod.  A  little 
over  two-fifths  of  the  product  taken  with  lines  was 
reported  for  vessel  fisheries  and  almost  three-fifths  for 
shore  and  boat  fisheries.  In  the  former  class  of  fish- 
eries cod  was  the  leading  species  with  res])ect  to  value, 
and  sea  bass  was  second  in  rank,  the  two  together  con- 
tributmg  3,376,000  pounds,  valued  at  $128,000,  out  of 
the  total  line  catch  of  3,576,000  pounds,  valued  at 
$137,000.  Of  the  fine  catch  of  the  shore  and  boat  fish- 
eries, which  aggregated  4,806,000  pounds  and  was 
valued  at  $196,000,  sea  bass  contributed  1,944,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $76,000,  and  bluefish  808,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $44,000,  while  the  large  remainder 
included  a  number  of  species. 

Gill  nets  were  used  chiefly  in  the  shore  and  boat 
fidieries.  Much  more  than  half  of  the  catdi  by  these 
nets  consisted  of  shad. 

The  value  of  the  catch  by  seines  was  less  tiiaii  that 
of  the  product  taken  by  any  other  of  the  live  forms  of 
apparatus  discussed.  Products  taken  by  semes  were 
reported  for  both  the  shore  and  boat  fishmes  and  the 
vessel  fisheries,  2,582,000  pounds,  valued  at  $65,000, 
being  credited  to  the  former  and  7,067,000  pounds, 
valued  at  $44,000,  to  the  latter.  In  the  shore  and 
boat  fisheries,  the  products  of  greatest  value  taken  by 
seines  were  shad,  squeteague,  and  alewives.  Of  the 
seine  catch  reported  for  the  vessel  fisheries,  menhaden 
contributed  5,884,000  pounds,  or  83  per  CMit. 

Oysters.— OyvbeiB  were  the  duef  fishery  product  m 
New  Jersey,  as  in  most  of  the  Middle  and  South 
Atlantic  states.  The  total  quantity  taken  in  this 
state  was  2, .586,000  bushels,  the  value  of  which, 
$1,369,000,  represents  45  per  cent  of  the  value  of  all 
the  fishery  products  of  New  Jersey.  This  ratio,  how- 
ever, was  less  than  that  of  ftmner  years,  as  shown  by 
the  following  talndar  ^tCTMnt: 


988,000 
675.000 
413,000 
17,000 
3,700 
800 
200 


1,119.000 
329.000 
229.000 
40,000 
81,000 
91. (KX) 
51,000 
44,000 
30,000 
19,000 
25,000 
21.000 
21,000 
22.000 
16,000 
16,000 
12,000 
12,000 
11.000 
43.000 
:iS<).(KK) 
309,  (HKI 
71,000 
319.000 

w.ooo 

1,5.000 
8,800 


TALCS  or  naaoctK  1908. 


TotaL 

Vessel 
llifatcies. 

Shore  and 

boat 
fisheries. 

83,000,000 

31,196,000 

31,873,000 

1,703.000 
5.39.000 

.^32.ooo 

310,000 
108, 0(X) 
32,000 
22.000 
23,000 

1 . 009. 000 

f,94.000 
5.39.  IHXl 
19(i.0(K) 
3a5,(XK) 
(>5,000 
30,000 
22,000 
23,000 

137,000 
4,400 
44,000 
1,400 
100 

Dredges,  tongs,  etc.,  pound  and  trap  nets,  lines, 
gill  nets,  and  seines,  ranking  with  respect  to  the  value 
of  the  product  taken  by  them  in  the  order  named,  were 
employed  in  taking  fishery  products  representing  98 
per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  fooduct  of  the  state. 

Dredges,  tongs,  etc.,  show  a  catch  far  in  excess  of 
tiiat  of  other  apparatus.  The  product  taken  by  these 
implements  in  the  vessel  fisheries  was  nearl}"  three 
times  as  heavy  as  that  taken  in  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries,  but  less  than  twice  as  valuable. 

The  catch  with  pound  and  trap  nets  included  a  large 
number  of  species.  Overone-half  of  the  vaiueof  thdr 
catch  represented  the  value  of  squeteague  taken.  But- 
teifish,  silver  hake,  menhaden,  and  whiting  were  other 


TBAS. 

All  species. 

Ofrtm. 

$.3,0f,9.000 

$1..3C.9.000 
1 .  li'.iJ.  IKIO 
1,682,000 
S,081,«00 

45 
50 
47 
•8 

3,614,000 
3,177,000 

Nearly  two-thirds  of  the  03'stcr  product  in  1908,  or 
1,667,000  bushels,  consisted  of  seed  oysters,  but  the 
value  of  these,  $485,000,  was  oidy  a  little  more  than 
one-third  of  the  value  of  the  entire  oyster  yield.  Ol 
the  seed  oysters,  772,000  bu^els,  valued  at  $236,000, 
came  from  public  areas,  and  895,000  budiels,  valued 
at  $248,000,  from  private  areas.  There  has  been  a 
marked  growth  since  1904  in  the  seed-oyster  product 
from  private  areas.   In  that  year  the  yield  of  seed 


Ifi 


FIBH£BI£&  OF  TM&  UNIT£D  STATES,  1908. 


«fBters  was  826,000  bushels,  valued  at  $393,000,  but  of 
tliiB  only  1,300  bdahels,  valued  at  $500,  came  from 
ptirate  badi.  BatwMB  1904  and  1908,  therefore,  the 

aeed  oysters  from  private  areas  increased  894,000 
bualiels  in  quantity  and  S248,000  in  value;  while  the 
seed  product  from  public  areas  decreased  53,000 
bushels  in  quantity  and  §157,000  in  value. 

In  the  case  of  the  market  oysters  essentially  all  of 
the  ]»odiiet  is  tdcen  fnm  privi^  anas,  only  15,000 
twaihiilii,  Tahnd  at  $12,000,  out  of  the  total  market 
oyster  pfodaet  of  920,000  bushels,  valued  at  $884,000, 
being  from  public  areas  in  1908.  In  quantit}^  the 
oysters  reported  for  the  vessel  fisheries  exceeded  those 
from  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  in  the  proportion  of 
nearly  five  to  one.  The  vessel  catch  comprised  chiefly 
and  ojstos.  The  foflowk^  tabular  statement  ghres 
tte  dislribatiaii  d  the  tfjaUir  prodact  between  the 
veooei  fiahwiee  and  the  shore  and  boat  fiahones  and 
between  poblie  and  private  beds: 


▼cHrtSiaata. 

Shore  and  boat 
fisheries. 

Qoantity 
CtouiMla). 

Value. 

Qoanttiv 

Value. 

Quan- 
tity 

eli). 

Value. 

Total  

■■rkct  oysters  

From  pabBe  waB . 

From  priyate  areas 

Seed  oysters  

From  publie  areas . 
Fnm  private  aicH 

2,SM,000 

11,369,000 

2, 122,000 

1988,000 

464,000 

$380,000 

920.000 

884.000 

628.000 

575,000 

292,000 

309,000 

15.000 
901.000 

1,667,000 

12,000 
8?2,000 

4S5.000 

623,000 
1.494.000 

2,300 
573,000 

413,000 

11,000 

281,000 

173,000 

9,600 

299.000 

71.000 

772,000 
805,000 

2;«i.(X)) 

■24S,  000 

6-23.000 
871,000 

173,000 
240,000 

148,000 
24,000 

63,000 
8,100 

Sguetea^ue. — Squeteague  ranked  second  in  value 
nwmg  the  products  of  the  New  Jersey  fijsheries. 
^radically  aU  ui  the  eatdi  of  this  species  was  taken 
B  the  riMMre  and  boat  fiahtries.  The  quantity  and  the 
Talue  of  the  catcb  haTS  increased  steadity,  as  is  shown 
Igr  the  foUowing  eoaqiarisoii  with  ptwions  eaBrasses: 


aQUSXEAOUS 

QuantitT 
(pooDds). 

Value. 

11,814.000 

10.699.000 
079. 000 
4,430,000 

$342,000 

253,000 
181,000 
133,000 

1901  ,  

HmfddmM. — ^Haid  elams  ranked  next  to  squeteague 
li  ynkm,  mm^  ail  of  the  ptodnet  beo^;  from  tiie 


shore  and  boat  fisheries.  The  following  statement 
shows  that  the  hard-elam  product  has  been  decreasing 
in  vahie  siaoe  1887: 


TBAB. 

BABo-atM  nooocc. 

Quantity 
(bushels). 

Value. 

273.000 
271.000 
591.000 
392,000 

KilS.OOO 
3,52,000 
,544.000 
196,000 

Shad. — Tliis  species  ranked  fourth,  with  a  catch 
valued  at  $229,000.  All  of  the  shad  product  was  taken 
by  theshore  and  boatfisheiies.  The  decrease from^ 
amounts  reported  in  former  years  has  been  conaidenii- 
Ue,  as  indicated  in  the  fdlowing  statement: 


SBAO  PRODUCT. 

Quantity 
(poands). 

Value. 

3,004.000 
4,338,000 
13,0IH,000 

5229,000 
239,000 
343,000 

Cod. — ^The  cod  product  of  New  Jersey  in  1908  was 
3,767,000  pounds,  valued  at  $130,000.  More  than 
three-fifths  of  this  quantity  was  taken  in  the  vessel 
fisheries.  The  total  catch  of  1904  was  far  below  that 
of  1897  or  oi  1906,  as  may  be  seen  from  the  con^ara- 
tire  statistics  wldeh  loDow. 


ODD  laOBVOT. 

1. 

Quantity 
(pooBdi). 

Value. 

3,767,000 

(130,000 

M,on 

Sea  Um. — ^Another  important  qpedes  was  sea  bass. 
About  two-thirds  of  the  product  was  taken  in  flbore 
and  boat  fisheries.  The  catch  has  ^Aeadily  increased 
since  1897,  as  the  followiia^  con^Munscm  diows: 


TXAB. 

a»Mr9A»  fBODUCX. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

vain. 

3,161,000 
2,572,000 
2,111,000 

1123,000 
98,000 
74,080 

1901  

TOUKRIliS,  BY  STATES. 


Its 


rwi: 


Alewlves. . 
Bluefish.. 

Bonito  

Butterflah 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Cod........ 

Croaker  

Eels  

Flounders. 


^dook  

Hake  

Horse  niuulni. 


Hidlet. 
Perch,  whit*... 
Perch,  yelloir.. 
Pollack  , 


Scut 
Seal 
Bea  robin. 


CHlTer  hake. 


Smelt  

Spanish  mackerel... 

Spot  

Squeteague  

StripedbaM  


SturReon  

Cavliir  

Suckers  

Tautog  

Tomcod  

All  otber..... 


bwd.. 
■oft... 
Idof. . 


Shiliwp. 

aqM... 


Terrapin... 
Turtles.... 
ICnsaels.... 


Oama,  hard.. 

S,  fOrf.  . . 


Oysters,  market,  from 
public  areas  

Oysters,  market,  from 
private  areas  

Ofsters,  aiMl,  taapab- 
Ho  areas  

Ojrsters,  seed,  from  pri- 
vate areas  j'06,2fi6.000 

■Mm  mink  and  miiakrftt      U  3,000 


1,300,000 
1,850.000 

578.000 
2,054,000 

230,000 

68,000 
8,767,000 
790.000 
253,000 
650,000 

20,000 
181,000 
207,000 

86,000 


12,417,000 
7,600 
140,000 
17,000 

84,000 

1,19<).000 
3,161,000 
62,000 
8,004,000 
8,780,000 

7,500 
7,100 
255,000 
11,814,000 

5.3,000 

132,000 
9,700 
74,000 

112,000 
11,000 
19,000 

282,000 
03.000 
4,007,000 
115,000 
4,900 
100,000 

1,100 
5,500 

*  287,000 

«2, 184,000 

•  205,000 
•90,000 


»  107,000 
•6,330,000 
•5,402,000 


t  ^idadea  Mftutaa,  with  catch,  as  fritows:  Dredges,  tono^ 
dip  nets,  113,00irpoands,  valued  at  19,600;  mink  and  mnskrat  tNf^ 
■tnOO:  and  minor  appmtm,  70,000 pounds,  valued  at  09,90Ql 

■  Less  than  $100.  *  273 .000  bushels. 

>        bushels.  *  20/100  boabals. 

76786°— 11  ^18 


•  12.000  bushels. 
'  l&/)00  bushels. 


FISHERIES  OF  THIl  UNIIED  STATES,  1908. 

NSW  JSBSBT— PB0DUGI8  OF  8BQBB  AMD  BOAT  FWUfBRlKS;  1906. 


Ikfa: 


Aiewives.. 
BInefish.. 

Booito  

Butteifisii 


Catfish. 

Cod  


Haddock.....  

Hake  

Hone  I 


Menhaden  

MuUet  

Perch,  whita  

Perch. 
PoUacl^'. 


Another. 


Ctefas,  hard. 
~  "  .soft.. 


Squid.. 
Tmtafia. 


flyilen,iiiaiki^  frasn  private 


Oysters,  seed,  from  public 

areas  

Oystei\  seed,  from  i»ivate 


I  nraskiat. 


1,779,000 
574,000 

2,054,000 
220,000 

63,000 
1,417,000 
Ml, 000 
242,000 
838,000 

20,000 
181,000 
207,000 

35,000 


6,533,000 
T.tiOO 
138,000 
17,000 
84,000 

583,000 
2,088,000 
62,000 

7,m 

7,100 
2H,000 

ii,m,ooo 

53,000 

123,000 
8,700 
74,000 

112,000 
11,000 
19,000 

186,000 
63,000 
4,607,000 

<s 

100,000 
1,100 
5,500 
•247,000 

•2,043,000 

•ag|,ou 


t  tnp 


»  75, 000 

•1,967,000 

•1,038,000 

M  170,000 
"3,000 


000 


12,000 
94,000 
22,000 
51,000 
16,000 

5,300 
40,000 
16,000 
21,000 
25,000 

600 
1,600 
5,600 
3,400 
12,000 

30,000 
300 

11,000 
1,300 
1,100 

19,000 
84,000 
200 
230,000 

i|no 

3,100 
329,000 
7,400 

12,000 
8,800 
5,900 

3,500 
300 
400 

5,400 

u,ooo 

ISkOOO 
1,000 

3,100 
1,000 
300 
1,200 

301,000 
11,000 
7,000 


0,600 


63,000 

8,100 

2,300 


QnntitT 
(pooadt). 


30,285,000 


0530,000 


270,000 
204,000 
378,000 
2,036,000 
20,000 

5,500 
845,000 
457,000 

2,700 
195,000 

11,000 
175,000 
207,000 
5.900 
480,000 

5,807,000 

5,'866 
1,400 
84,000 

324,000 
131,000 
62,000 
~>.000 

m 


6,000 
247,000 
10,035,000 
10,000 

12,000 
900 


5,300 

'ii,666 

500 


4,583,000 

i,'666 

100,000 

3,366 


3,200 
12,000 

14,000 
51,000 
1,800 

400 

20,000 
10,000 
200 
6,500 

200 
1,400 
5,600 

700 
0,700 

28,000 

""266 
100 
1,100 

9,400 

6,900 
200 


Oillnets. 


4.485,000 


S3(fi.000 


14,000 
737,000 
2,800 
4,200 
165,000 

22,000 


4,500 
28,000 


1,600 
2,800 
281,000 
1.100 

1,200 
1,000 


2,748,000 


800 


100 
■■"266 
(») 


18,000 

"aoo 
3,100 

"  "ioo 


1,200 
'  '3,' 466 

18,000 

18,000 
1,500 

39,000 
5,500 


500 
1,400 


Lines. 


▼ate. 


100 
37,000 
100 
200 
11,000 

1,900 


400 
1,100 


(») 

"366 
2,000 

100 
100 
3.500 
40O 


(») 


385,000 
8,600 

111,000 
7,700 
29,000 
1,300 


2,600 


200 


14,000 

1,600 

11,000 
7,800 
2,600 
100 


(•) 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


4,806.000 


Value. 


1196.000 


2.582,000  165.000 


400 
808,000 
190,000 
14,000 


571,000 
198,000 
200 
110,000 

8,400 

2,000 

"26.666 


21,000 
1,400 
500 

231,000 
1,944.000 


1,700 

a,o» 


300 
3,700 
520,000 
7,400 


84,000 
11.000 
3,900 


1,000 


400 


(') 
44,000 
7,800 
400 


20,000 

6,100 
(») 

4,700 

300 
(') 

' '2,066 


1,400 
100 
(») 

8,300 
76.000 


100 


100 
200 
20,000 
900 


Seines. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


sate. 


Value. 


1,015,000 
17,000 


34,000 

31,000 

'6,666 

28,000 
33,000 


2.200 
'4,'366 


698,000 
6,100 
63.000 
6,000 


25,000 
400 


2,400 
300 
100 


100 


(») 


174,000 


7,500 

'4,'s66 
338,000 
19,000 


44,000 
2,200 


1,700 


2,000 


8,200 
1,100 


2.900 

2,500 

"ioo 

2,700 
1,500 


100 
'466 


1,400 
300 

5.000 
500 


1,000 

(•) 


15,000 


1,500 

'"266 
13,000 
2,700 


3,300 
900 


100 


200 


Quantity 
(poond^). 


447,000 


2,400 
14,000 

'2,'666 
800 

4,200 
1,000 

"22,066 
271,000 


800 
2,800 

10,000 

'9.'666 
2,200 


3.000 
10,000 


21,000 
10,000 


28,000 
7,700 


400 
200 


20,000 


1,800 


Value. 


822,000 


100 
800 

""266 
(') 

500 
100 

'2,' 466 
11,000 


100 
200 

200 

'800 
200 


200 
400 


1.800 
200 


1,300 
1,000 


(') 


200 


200 


Quantitv 
(pountls). 


6.402.000 


I7«,< 


6,000 
100 

'184,' 666 


200 


400 


165,000 
60,000 
24,000 

109,000 
3,900 


Valia. 


(») 


5,200 

5,900 
100 
U,000 
800 


1.100 
100 
•247,000 

42,043,000 
•205,000 
•99,000 


'75,000 

•1,967,000 

•1,038,000 

"170,000 
"  3,000 


1,000 

■•) 

,200 


301,000 

9,600 
200,000 


8,100 
2,300 


•  Inclndcs  apparatus,  with catoh.  as  follow*;:  Drpdirps,  tonfrs,etC.,6,^, 
dip  Deis.  113,000  pouu'ls.  valued  at  S'l.ti'iO:  mink  iimi  inusknit 
at  1800;  and  minor  apparatus,  70,000  pounds,  valued  at  69,900. 


•12,000 
*11,0II0 


•  281,000  bushels. 

•  148,000  bushels. 


w  24,000  bushels, 
u  9^00  skins. 


WWWSW,  WW  STATES. 

Table  3.— NEW  JERSEY— PRODUCTS  OF  VESSEL  FISHERIES:  190B. 


196 


•■CBO. 

rmnoot  caowr  bt— 

Dredges,  tongs,  etc 

Linaa; 

Seines. 

AU  other  apparataB.1 

Qaaatitv 
(pounds)* 

Value. 

Quantity 

ValiM. 

Qnaatt^ 

VahM. 

QnaaWy 

Valiia. 

Qnantfty 

(pooDda). 

Valoa. 

s,8n,ooo 

«,196,000 

lft,UO,000 

01,008,000 

3,576,000 

8137,000 

7,067,000 

044,000 

47,000 

86.000 

Flio: 

71,000 
4,100 
200 
2,349,000 
129,000 

11,000 
11,000 
19,^ 
«, 884,000 
1,800 

613,000 
1,073,000 
508.000 
8,700 
1,000 

95,000 
C,100 
•40,000 
•140,000 

'32.000 
•4,363,000 
•  4.364,000 
f  0^100^000 

4,700 

200 

90,000 
2,900 

700 
400 
2,200 
18,000 
2IID 

17,000 
40,000 
13,000 
1,000 
1,100 

3,700 
800 
200 
17,000 

2,300 
573,000 
173,000 

64,000 

1,900 

"2,349,000 
43,000 

4,400 

100 

90,000 
900 

7,100 
2,200 
200 

87,666 

1,700 
5,000 
100 
5,884,000 

300 
100 

(') 

"2,666' 

100 
200 
(*) 

13,000 

Oroftkcr*                                           •  • 

9,200 
2,000 
19,000 

 i.'MO' 

600 
100 

2.a» 



Flounders  

Mackerel  

4,400 

200 

5.5,000 
1,027,000 
82,000 

1,900 
38,000 
1,800 

558,000 
46,000 
AO^OOO 

15.000 
2, 100 
11,000 

Sea  bass  

8,700 
1,000 

 6,' ioo' 

1,000 
1,100 

800 

Lobster  ' 

95,000 

'» 10,666 

•141^000 

0  32,000 
•4,  .363. 000 
•4,364,000 

3,700 

266 
17,000 

2,300 
573.000 
173.000 
MOiOOO 

Oyatan,  nurk^^from  Jj^jat*  anaa.  

^^■Iin^  aaad,  fran  pjwH^aaaa.  - 

I  Includes  apparatus,  with  catch,  as  follows:  QUI  nets.  30.000  jMunds.  valued  at  04,400;  eel  and  lobster  poU  and  traps,  15.000  pounds,  valued  at  81,400:  and  (yke  and 
ksoD  nets,  2,000  pounds,  vakiadat  SIOO. 

^LessthanilOO.  *4,000  bushels.  «U^00OtoiMiiala.  M.a00  baaiielB.  •mjmima»^  H 


•  623,000  boriM^s. 


'  871  jOOO  boalwia. 


NSW  YORK. 

In  the  value  of  fishery  products  New  York  ranked 
third  in  1908,  beinjr  surpassed  only  by  Massachusetts 
and  "Virginia.  The  total  value  of  such  products  was 
$4,594,000,  or  9  per  cent  of  the  total  for  the  United 
States.  Thechief  fishing  grounds  of  the  state  are  Lake 
Ene,  Lake  Ontario,  the^Hudscm  Riyer,  Long  Island 
Sound,  and  the  Atlantic  coast  region.  The  first  two 
bodies  of  water  are  included  in  the  Great  Lakes  district, 
while  the  remainder  constitute  the  Atlantic  coast  dis- 
trict. New  York  is  thus  pecuhar  in  having  both  fresh 
and  salt  water  fisheries  of  considerable  importance  and 
in  having  fresh-water  fisheries  in  the  two  natural  divi- 
nons,  the  Hudson  Biver  being  indnded  in  the  Atlantic 
coast  distriet. 

A  summary  of  the  general  statistics  of  the  fisheries 
of  the  state  for  1908  is  given  in  the  following  statement : 

Number  of  penBons  employed   6, 776 

Capital: 

y«8oei8aiidb(Mts,iiichiduig<Nitfit  92,018,000 

Apparatus  of  capture   3G2, 000 

Shore  and  accessory  property  and  cash   1,413,000 

Value  of  products   4, 594, 000 

Comparison  with  previous  canvasses. — ^Prior  to  the 
census  of  1908  no  repwt  eoyering  aU  of  the  fjsheries  of 
New  York  had  been  made  for  any  one  jear,  although 
•lalistkia  ^  the  fidMriea  of  Lalee  Erie  and  Lake  Ontario 


have  been  included  since  1880  in  canvasses  of  tlio  Great 
Lakes,  and  figures  for  the  fisheries  of  the  state  along 
the  Atlantic  coast  have  been  shown  in  the  r^mis  df 
the  Ifiddle  Atlantic  atatee. 

In  the  neoct  table  the  princ^al  items  from  the  re- 
ports on  the  fisheries  of  these  two  districts  are  given, 
and  composite  figures  for  certain  combinations  of  yean 
are  presented  as  totals  for  the  state. 

The  number  of  persons  employed  as  shoresmen  and 
the  investment  in  shore  and  accessory  property  and 
cash  capital  are  e^^uded  from  the  next  taUe  because, 
owing  to  the  fact  that  the  reports  of  the  Bureau  of 
Fisheries  for  certain  years  included  with  the  above  items, 
respectively,  the  number  of  men  and  the  amount  of 
capital  employed  in  the  wholesale  fishery  trade  and  in 
shore  industries  related  to  the  fisheries,  the  statistics  se- 
cured by  that  bureau  are  in  these  respects  not  compar- 
able with  the  oMisus  r^oms. 

A  comparison  of  the  ratams  for  1908  with  those  for 
1903-4  ^bws  large  deo^ases  in  evecy  branch  of  the 
industry,  including  one  of  17  per  cent  in  the  total 
amount  invested  in  vessels,  boats,  and  apparatus  of 
capture,  and  one  of  28  per  cent  in  the  value  of  the 
products.  The  figures  were  in  fact  liigher  iox  1903-4 
tiian  for  any  other  canvass,  except  that  the  nimiber  of 
vesseb  was  smaller  than  in  1888-1890  and  the  quantity 
of  piodiftBte  amaSer  than  m  1880. 


FISHERIES  OF  IH£  UIUX£D  SXATES,  1908. 


S4, 594, 000 
6,418,000 
3,634,000 
3,604,000 


4,390.000 
6,231.000 
3,392,000 
3,348,000 


203,000 
188,000 
2^000 

m,m 


In  the  Atlantic  Coast  district  there  has  been  the  same 
tendency  toward  an  increa.se  in  tiie  various  items  up 
to  1904  and  toward  a  su<lden  decrease  after  that  date. 
In  the  Gratti  Lakes  district  the  number  of  fUhermen 

▼ahM  of  TWMli  iBMWMBd.   TIm  Biwrihwr  of  booto  in 

this  district  has  decreased,  but  since  1899  their  total 

m  a  result  ol  the 


of  motor  boats.  The  amount  invested  in  apparatus 
of  capture  in  the  fisheries  of  the  Great  Lakes  was  less 
in  1908  than  at  any  previous  canvass,  but  in  the  value 
of  the  products  there  was  an  increase  from  1903  to 
1908  ol  $16,000,  or  8  eent. 

Ftmem  emfiof»d.—Tkd  ioSkmimg  Mle  gtf«a  IIm 
miinber  of  persons  em{dojed  in  the  HAmg  industiy 
of  New  York  in  1908: 


BaekNtre  of  112  pravcMon  aot  flaiit^ 


FI&HfiBIES,  BY  STATES. 


197 


Of  the  total  number  of  persons  engaged  in  the 
fiiharHB  of  the  flt«t^  indnding  ahoMBBun,  5,749,  or 
85  per  cent,  ware  reported  for  the  Atlai^  coast 
district.  The  titiare  and  boat  fisheries  are  credited 
with  53  per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  persons  em- 
ployed. The  number  of  proprietors  and  indepemleiit 
fishermen  was  much  higher,  relatively,  for  the  Great 
Lakes  district  than  for  the  Atlantic  coast  district, 


benig  87  per  cawt  of  all  jpatBona  eHpleyed  in  the 
of  the  fonDMr  disHiet  and  ei^f  41  {Mr  aanft  ia  the  • 

of  the  latter. 

Equipment  and  other  capital. — The  total  investment 
the  fisheries  of  the  state  was  $3,832,000.  The 


in 


amounts  represented  by  the  principal  items  are  shown 
in  detail  in  the  foUowii^  table: 


Total. 


Mlt,  including  outfit. . 
VUilng  

Steam  and  motor. 


Outfit  

Sail  

Vessels  

Outfit..  

Other  

Transporting  

Steam  and  motor. 

Vessels  

Oumt  

8^1  

Vessels  

Outfit  

Other  


▼«.ini  or 


jaiD 


GUttAi.:  1MB. 


Aggregate. 


Atlantic  (XMSt  district 


Total. 


|jliM«btod| 


$3,832,000  i:  $3,OWj.OOO 


and  motor. 


1R0W.  •••....•...-....i... 

Other  

Awaratus  of  capture  

vessel  fisheries  

Shore  and  boiil  fisheries. . 
Shore  and  accessory  property. 


1,750,000 
1,406,000 
783,000 
664,000 
119,000 
614,000 
426,000 
188,000 
8,000 
344,000 
209,000 
173,000 
37,000 
135,000 
117,000 
18,000 
300 
308,000 
187,000 
42,000 
01,000 
18,000 
302,000 
114,000 
248,000 

wa.ooo 

747,000 


1,698,000 
1,354,000 
732,000 
622,000 
110,000 
614,000 
426,000 
188,000 
8,000 
344,000 
209,000 
173,000 
37,000 
135,000 
117,000 
18,000 
300 
278,000 
162.000 
40,000 
58,000 
18,000 
298,000 
87,000 
211,000 
647,000 
745,000 


$979,000 

392,000 
335,000 
305,000 

259,000 
47,000 
30,000 
28,000 
1,800 


M,000 

39,000 
32,000 

6,600 
17,000 
15,000 

2,700 
300 
67,000 
41,000 
12,000 
11,000 

2,200 
80,000 

8,700 
71,000 
183,000 
258,000 


$2,687,000 

1,307,000 
1,019,000 
427,000 
304.000 
(.3,000 
584,000 
398,000 
187,000 
8,000 
288,000 
171.000 
141,000 
30,000 
117,000 
102,000 
15,000 


TotaL 


$106,000 

61,000 
51,000 
61,000 
«,080 
9,100 


211.000 
1-20,000 
28.000 
47.000 
16,000 
217,000 
78,000 
139,000 
464,000 
487,000 


29,000 
25,000 
1,200 
2.900 
100 
64,000 
27,000 
37,000 
19,000 
2,300 


LdnBite.1 


$131,000 

61,000 

51.000 
51,000 
42,000 
9,100 


Lake 
Ontario. 


$35,000 


18,000 
17,000 
300 
1.200 


49,000 

27,  am 

22,000 
11,000 
2,200 


11.000 

8,800 
800 

1,7W 
100 

16,000 


16,000 
7,900 


The  number  and  tonnage  of  the  vessels  and  the  number  of  the  boats  were  as  follows: 


itog— 

Number. 
Ttmnage 


Number  

Tonnat'p  

Other,  number. 


Tonnase... 
Bail- 
Number.  . . 
Tonnage. . 

Other— 

Numb«r... 
Tocuoage. . 

•Mb,  mimber  

Steam  and  motor. . 

Sail  

Row  

Other  


AMD  BOAW 


M9 
7,«U 

236 
3,262 


220 


AtlaDtic  ooast  district. 


Total. 


m 

2,802 

62 
992 

71 

i,m 

1 

80 

a,ut 

4S8 

ate 

2,215 

in 


«5 

7,M7 

222 
3.046 

220 

4,au 
a 

U4 

2,882 

62 
992 


1.3 


71 


**5 


Lour  Island    All  other 
Sound.  waters. 


1,9« 

71 
1,444 

72 
H» 


Great  Lakes  distrirt. 


2. 


8 


556 

17 
202 

12 


1 

73 
531 
« 


6.«7 


I'll 
1.602 

148 

63 

104 
2.306 

46 

790 


1,616 


2,094 

29« 
212 
1,499 
87 


Tot^ 

LahaKrfe. 

Lake 
OiMaiio. 

2M 

14 

216 

14 

m 

14 

216 

............ 

3M 
64 
21 
185 

1  • 

 iii' 

34 

A 

 iea 

M 
M 

m 
s 

FIS] 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1906. 


The  largest  investment  was  in  vessels,  46  per  cent 
nff  ih»  total  capital  beiiig  inyested  in  fishing  and 
timnsportingTflMisaiidtlMaroatfiks.  9!raml903-4to 
1908  thm  wm  mi  mentm  ol  8  m  the  nmnber  of 
filing  TMpda,  acocMnpanied  by  a  deeraase  of  2,703 
in  the  net  tonnage,  while  both  the  number  and  the 
tonnage  of  transporting  vessels  decreased,  the  falling 
off  in  number  amounting  to  70  and  that  in  net  ton- 
nage to  858.  The  .total  inyestmeiit  in  apparatus  of 
capture  was  9382,000,  oT«r  iwo-tliirds  of  wluoii  pcr- 
ttimd  ta      Aon  and  boat  fidwriea.  LitheCfaraai 


Lakes  district  the  largest  investment  was  in  apparatus 
of  capture,  the  value  of  which  represented  39  per  cent 
of  the  total  mrestineiit  for  this  distiii^. 

Tlie  investment  in  sh<Mre  and  acoeasoiy  prapeiij  and 
the  cash  capital  reported,  which  together  rqtresented 
over  a  third  of  the  total  investment,  were  confined 
almost  wholly  to  the  Atlantic  coast  lisheries. 

The  following  table  gives  detailed  statistics  con- 
cerning the  number  of  the  principal  kinds  of  apparatus 
<tf  capture  used: 


snto  or  AnAKATus  amd  culm  or 


AU  fisheries: 

Beam  trawb  

Eel  and  lobster  pots 

a; 

All 

Vessel  fisheries: 

Beam  trawls  

Eel  and  lobster  pots. . 
PTke  and  hoop  nets. , 

GiU  nets  

Hacpmos,  qiMars,  etc 

Hiail lobster  pots. . 
V^rtn  and  hoop  nets. . 

OIllHtB  

,spssn,ste 


17,456 
t,676 
U283 

leo 
m 

908 


27 

4,m 

2,877 
i,7l9 
47 
77 


9 

326 
12,995 
6,699 
7,004 
113 
70 
S07 


AtiaotteoawtdMilet. 


TotaL 


29 
17,456 
9,096 
1,108 

160 
380 
823 


37 
4,461 

2,877 
280 
47 
77 


2 
325 
12,995 
6,221 
828 
113 
70 
428 


3 

3,288 
2,068 
67 
63 
18 
335 


3 
506 
15 
35 
1» 

1 


AH 


26 
14,168 
7,040 
1,041 
97 
363 
4M 


I 


7 

2,693 
2,043 
42 
44 
60 
258 
17 


24 
3,866 
3,863 
356 


3 

318 

10,302 
4,178 
786 
69 
10 
170 


OiMt  Lakes  district. 


TotaL 


Erie. 


m 

11,178 


5 
W 


M^OM 


25 


4,m 


I 


478 

6,176 


79 


i,fln 


5 

U 


I 


5,065 


478 
1,091 


M 


Products,  by  species. — The  products  of  the  New 
York  fisheries  in  1908  amounted  to  76,485,000  pounds, 
^ih»a  «fc  $4,594,000,  and  are  dwwB  in  detail  in  Table 
1,  om  pi«B  204.  lioDoaka  contributed  mnfy  two- 
tindi  of  tbe  total  vahie  of  all  prodmsts,  the  value  of 
ojTsters  alone  constituting  56  per  cent  of  the  total. 
The  value  of  the  catch  of  squeteague,  which  was  the 
most  important  species  of  fish  proper  reported  and 
which  ranked  second  to  oysters  among  all  hsheiy 
ptoducts,  repreoented  10  per  owt  of  tlie  totaL 

ISwimOBf  hfjUkmf  fPtimii.— TsUe  0,  <m  page  207, 
riiDws  the  total  fishery  products  of  the  state,  distrib- 
«ted  by  species  and  by  districts.  Detailed  statistics 
of  the  products  of  the  Atlantic  coast,  Long  Island 
S«iund,  Lake  Erie,  and  Lake  Ontario  districts,  by  kind 
and  by  apparatus  of  capture,  are  shown,  respectively, 
mTsUeB  2,  3,  4,  and  5,  on  pages  205  to  207. 

Ai  a  cf  tke  noBnaks,  tlM  Mt  TshwUe  elass  of 
fiikerj  products,  and  all  of  the  salt-water  fish  were 
taken  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  this  district  is  credited 
with  a  large  proportion  of  the  total  value  of  products. 
Fish  contributed  31  par  omt  of  the  total  value  of 


products  of  the  Atlantic  coast  district.  The  value  of 
squeteague,  wliich  is  by  far  the  most  important  species 
of  fish  caught,  combined  with  that  of  Unefish,  flmin- 
doPB,  and  ood,  made  up  neariy  three-fourths  of  the 
entire  value  of  the  fish  caught  in  this  district.  All  the 
pike  perch,  lake  herring,  and  whitefish  were  taken  in 
the  Great  Lakes  district,  Lake  Erie  furnishing  much  the 
larger  part  of  the  value  of  each  of  these.  Some  species 
were  taken  in  the  Hudson  River  and  also  in  the  Great 
Lakes;  eeb  and  German  carp  were  taken  principally 
i^  the  Hudson  Birer,  and  sturgeon  and  catfish  princi- 
pally in  the  Great  Lakes.  The  most  important  species 
taken  in  Lake  Erie  were  pike  perch  and  lake  herring. 
For  Lake  Ontario  the  principal  species  were  catfish 
and  bullheads,  pike  perch,  and  sturgeon. 

Prodiicts,  by  class  of  fisheries. — Table  7,  on  page  208, 
giyes  statistics  of  the  fishery  products  of  New  York, 
ds^hutedbyspedesandbyclasBof&hfiriea.  Tablss 
8  and  10,  on  pages  209  and  210,  show  the  distribu- 
tion by  districts  of  the  products  of  the  yessel  fish- 
eries and  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  respe^ydy, 
ranked  accordiofi;  to  yahie. 


giftHRRiFi4,  BY  STAT£& 


The  following  tabular  statement  shows  the  distribu- 
tum,  according  to  species  arranged  in  the  order  of  thdr 
rahie,  of  the  total  value  of  products  for  eadi  class  <^ 
l&iheries: 


Total   J4, 504, 000 


▼ALUB  or  noDOCfs;  1908. 


Fish.  

Sqaeteague  

Biuefish.  

Flounders  

Cod  

Pike  perch  

Butterfish.  

Eels  

Lata  herring  

Scopjorpoigy  

Sea  MM.  

Carp,  Qmmma  

Shad  

Sturgeon  and  caviar. . . 

Menhaden  

Catfish  wd  bullbaads. 

AH  otiMr  

Oysters  

Clams  

Scallops  

Lobster  

All  other  


1,566,000 
451,000 
291,000 
141,000 
99,000 
68,000 
64,000 
57,000 
51,000 
45,000 
35,000 
31,000 
27,000 
23,000 
22,000 
20,000 
140,000 
2,553,000 
292,000 
98,000 
57,000 
27,000 


Vessel 


S2, 860. 000 


742,000 

216,000 
268,000 
30,000 
59,000 
38,000 
400 
11,000 
25,000 
42,000 
16,000 
900 


Shore  and 
boat 


$1,734,000 


(•) 

18,000 
200 
16,000 
1,952,000 
82,000 
64,000 
18,000 
2,800 


824.000 
2.35,000 
22,0()0 
111,(X)0 
39,000 
30,000 
64,000 
46,000 
26,000 
2,000 
19,000 
.11,000 
27,000 
23,000 
4,000 
20,000 
124,000 
001, 0(X) 
210,000 
35,000 
40,000 
24,000 


iLesstbaaSlOa 


Vessel  fisheries  are  credited  with  55  per  cent  of  the 
weight  and  62  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  New  York 
fishery  products.  Oysters,  the  most  important  prod- 
uct for  the  state  as  a  whole,  contributed  68  j)er  cent 
of  the  value  of  the  product  reported  for  vessel  fisheries 
ci  the  state  as  a  whole,  70  per  ooit  of  the  correspond- 
ing Talue  for  the  Atlantie  coast  district,  and  85  per 
cent  of  that  for  the  Long  Island  Sound  fidieries. 
Ninety-seven  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  entire 
catch  reported  for  vessels  represents  the  value  of  prod- 
uct secured  on  the  Atlantic  coast.  The  vessels  reported 
for  Lake  Erie,  14  in  number,  contributed  products 
Tahted  at  K3,000.  There  were  no  yessels  engaged  in 
fishing  on  Lake  Ontario. 

In  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  as  in  the  vessel 
fisheries,  oysters  were  the  product  of  greatest  value, 
rq>re8enting  35  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products. 
Nearly  all  the  scallops  were  taken  in  Long  Island 
Sound;  practically  all  the  lake  herring  came  from  the 
shore  and  boat  fisheries  in  Lake  Erie;  and  the  pike 
and  pickerel  almost  ezduaTdty  from  Lake  Ontario. 
The  shore  and  boat  fidftnies  in  the  Atlantic  coast 
district  supplied  93  per  cent  df  the  entire  catch 
reported  for  this  class  of  fisheries. 

Some  species,  such  as  bluefish  and  scup,  were  taken 
almost  wholly  by  the  vessel  fisheries  and  others, 
ncrtably  butterfish,  carp,  sturgeon,  and  catfish,  almost 


entirely  by  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries.   All  oi  ths 
shad  prodw^  was  from  the  latter  dass  ol  fisheries. 
Produti»i  ly  apparatus  of  capture.— The  distiibu- 

tion  of  the  total  value  of  products,  arranged  in  order 
of  the  vahie  of  their  catch,  for  the  state  as  a  whole 
and  for  each  class  of  fisheries,  is  shown  in  the  following 
tabular  statement : 


KIHD  or  APPAKATOT. 


Total  

Dredges,  tongs,  etc. . 

Lines  

Pound  and  trap  nets 

Seines  

Gill  nets  

Eel  and  lobster  pote. 
Fyke  and  boop  nMi. 

Dip  neta  

AUeOHT  


▼AUnt  ori 


TotaL 

1  nji7]yfj 

Shore  and 

14,594,000 

$2, RnO, 000 

$1, 734,000 

2,954,000 
442,000 
417,000 
»7,000 
246.000 
95,000 
86,000 
9,»0 

2,100,000 
313,000 

854,000 
130,000 
417,000 
54, 009 
128,000 
69,000 
67,000 

273,000 
118,000 
26,000 
19.000 

ii«6 

The  largest  catcli  was  reported  for  dredges,  tongs, 
etc.,  wliich  took  products  valued  at  $2,954,000,  or  64 
per  cent  of  the  total.  Nearly  three-fourths  of  the 
enUre  yessel  cat<di  and  almost  half  of  the  entire  shore 
and  boat  catch  were  taken  by  these  forms  of  appa- 
ratus. 

The  following  tabular  statement  distributes  the 
value  of  the  catcli  with  (hedges,  tongs,  etc.,  bj 
species  and  by  class  of  fisheries: 


or 


utD  ancBS. 


Total  

Vessel  fishericB  

Oysters  

Clams  

Scallops  

Mussels  

Eels  

Crabs  

Shore  and  boat  (Isheries 

Oysters  

Ciams  

Scallops  

Mussels  

Crabs  

Eeb.  


VALUE  OF  PRODUCT  TAKEN  'WTrH 
DREDGES,  TON08,  ETC.:  1906. 

TotaL 

SODOd. 

Another 
watcfs. 

$2.9.54.000 

$,S46.000 

$2. 108.000 

2.  lOO.OlW 

570,000 

1.523.000 

1,952,000 
82,000 
64.000 
1.600 
400 
300 

854,000 

499,000 
15.000 
63,000 

1.453,000 
67.0M 

i.on 

1.600 
400 

300 

585,000 

270,000 

001,000 
210,000 
34,000 
6,600 
1.000 
1,000 

145,000 
91,000 
34,000 

457,000 

119.000 
200 
6,600 
1,000 
1.000 

lines  were  next  in  in^rtanee  with  respect  to  the 

value  of  products  taken,  more  than  half  the  entire 
value  of  the  line  catch  representing  the  value  of  blue- 
fish,  while  cod  stood  next,  contributing  22  per  cent  of 
the  total  value. 

The  value  reported  for  the  various  products  takm 
with  lines  is  ffwa  in  the  following  tabobr  statement: 


FISH£RI£&  OF  THE  UNIXED  STATES,  1908. 


TALt'E  OF  PRonrcT  tai 


UNEf:  190B. 


CLASS  OF  nrnKCTH  jam  mcM. 

M. 

iUDotter 

Total. 

Lake  Erie. 

Total  

S442.Q00 

i  1307.000 

$5,700 

(301,000 

$45,000 

$5,700 

$30,000 

S13,O0O 

2,flOO 

310,000 

243,000 
50,000 
8,000 
2,000 

130,000 

243.000 
59,000 
8,000 
2,600 

M,flOO 

UK) 
1,300 
1,100 

200 

3.100 

24rf,(KI0 
58,000 
6,900 
2,400 

Cod  

telMSS  

-  iUI  fllfecr  products  

n,ooo 

4S,000 

5,700 

36,000 
16,000 
11,000 
10,000 

8.800 
7,700 
C.300 
COOO 
5,100 
18.000 
4.400 

36,000 
16,000 
11,000 



 w 

200 
1.300 

36,000 
15,000 
11,000 



.„.„...... 

^it^l^pBOlft  S^Bi^L  ^fl^^^HT^                   fl  HI***********************  « 

 io.ooo 

8,800 
7.700 
0,300 
5,900 
5,100 
1,300 

2^400' 
2,400 

7.' TOO 
(i..'-)00 
7.700 
(L.^OO 
.5.200 
5,000 
1,200 

100 

700 
100 

(•) 

17.000 
4,400 

1,«0 

15,000 
4,400 

1 

noo. 


The  entire  catch  with  pound  and  tn^  nets  was 
)rt«d  bv  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  and  its 
Tahie  formed  9  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  prod- 
ucts. Squeteague,  the  chief  species  thus  taken,  had 
a  value  exceeding  that  of  all  other  species;  flounders 


and  butterfish  were  also  taken  in  large  quantities. 
The  following  tabular  statement  distributes  the  value 
of  the  product  taken  with  pound  and  trap  nets,  by 
species  and  by  districts: 


TAunt  qv  noDUCT  umxh  una  loom  amd  «uf  mm  HOB. 


Atlantic  ooost  district. 

Great  Lakes  distiiet 

1 

Total. 

Long 
Island 
Sound. 

Total. 

Lake  'Efie. 

Lake 
Ontario. 

$417,000 

$410,000 

$906,000 

$204,000 

$7,100 

$2,000 

•^18$ 

218,000 
05,000 
04,000 
10,000 
8,000 
6,300 
4,600 
3,700 
3,400 
3,000 
31,000 

218,000 
65,000 
64,000 
10,000 
8,000 
6,300 
4,600 
3,700 
3,400 
3,000 
24,000 

77,000 
41,000 
40,000 

5,300 

6,100 
4,200 
3,100 
2,100 
2,300 
1,800 
13,000 

141,000 
23,000 
U^OOO 
4.7$$ 

i,ioo 

2,  MO 

1,500 
1,000 
1,100 
1,200 
11,000 

Sea  bass  

7,100 

2,800 

4,$n 

Thb  gili^Bi  ealdi  •ammled  to  7,412,000  pounds, 
a  TidM  ol  $Me,O0O.   Of  the  12^  ^  nets 

10,084  were  used  by  the  Lake  Erie  fisher- 
men.   The  most  important  species  taken  by  these 
I  pke  popch,  for  which  a  value  of  $57»000  was 


reported;  lake  herring,  for  whidi  a  Yalne  of  $50,000 
was  seported;  and  aqueteague,  for  which  a  value  of 

$33,000  was  reported.  The  value  of  the  gill-net 
catch,  by  chief  species,  by  class  of  fisheries,  and  by 
diiitncts,  ia  jpven  in  the  foUowiing  tabular  statement: 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES, 


201 


TAun  or  noDiicv  tuaai  wrm  anx  nets:  1008. 


CLASS  or  nSUEBIXS  AHD 


ToW  

VflSMl  flshflries. 


Pike  perch  

Lake  herring  

Squeteague  

Blueflsh  

WMt^lsh.  

Mackerel  

All  other  products. 


Shore  and  boat  fisheries. 

Lake  herring  

Pikepereh.  

Squeteague  

Sturgeon  

Bluefish  

Whiteflsh  

Pwch  

All  other  products. . 


AtlutieflowtdMrtet. 

OiwtLakndlMBt 

Total. 

Long  Island 
Sound. 

AHotfaer 
waters. 

Total. 

Lske  Erie. 

Lalie 
Ontario. 

$240,000 

$110,000 

$s,soo 

$107,000 

$136,000 

$121,000 

n4.oao 

118,000  ' 

45,000 

900 

44,000 

73,000 

73,000 

38,000  1 
25,000 
19,000  1 
19,000  1 
7,700 

2,(m 
e,2oo 

128,000 

38,000 
25,000 



7,700 

 2,'266' 

02,000 

$8,000 
2S,O0O 

7,' 766' 

 ijao* 

48,000 

14,00$ 

 io,'666' 

10,000 

 2,m' 

4,000 
66,000 

 266' 

400 

 306' 

 io,"666' 

10.000 

 i.TOO' 

^000 

63,000 

2,600 

a;.  000 

24,000 
19,000 
14,000 
11,000 
9,100 
7,100 
5,200 
13,000 

 24,'666' 

 u,(m 

3,700 
9,100 

800 

1  

24,006' 

 isjooo 

0,300 
8,200 

26,000 

 io'ooo' 

i 7,' 566' 

24.000 

 is,666' 

 5,766' 

l.i$t 

 4,'ao6 

 iisoo 

1  1,000 

1  7,i66 

1  1.200 
1,700 

1      2. 100 
!  1,00(1 

1  m 

5,000 

300 
1,100 

3,9<)0 
11,000 

.i.'KIO 
10,000 

1  wo 

The  385  semes  used  in  1908  took  18,178,000  pounds 
of  Ml,  valued  at  $327,000.  Of  the  total  value,  61  per 
cent  was  ocmtrtbuted  by  squeteague,  or  weakfish, 
practically  all  of  which  product  was  taken  outside  of 
Long  Island  Sound  by  the  vessel  fishermen.  From  1 904 
to  1908  there  was  a  decrease  of  200,511,000  pounds, 
valued  at  S664,000,  in  the  seme  catch  of  menliaden, 
but  an  increase  of  64,000  pounds,  valued  at  $10,000, 
ill  that  of  Qeimaa  carp.  Tb»  value  of  the  seme  catch, 
distributed  by  chief  i^>eeies,  1^  daas  of  Mubom,  and 
by  dbtricts,  was  as  follows: 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCT  WITH  SEINKS: 

190X. 


<^4«w  or  FISBEBIES  AND  SFEOES. 


IMaL.... 
Vcml  fldieriea. 


Squeteagae.  

Scup,  wrpoegy  — 

Menhaden  

Sea  bass  

Bluefish  

flomdBii  

Ai  •Hmt  pradDoti. 


iMat 


Carp.  German  

Whitebait  

Sucken  

Striped  tiasL  

Perch  

Eels  

FlourKjers  

Alfwivos  

Squcleapue  

SiMd  

Gatflsh  and  bullbeads. 
AOoUierpradaota..... 


Aggre- 
gate. 


197,000 
42,000 
17,000 
7,300 
6,000 
1,000 
1,800 

M,0Q0 


23,000 
4,600 
4,400 
3,400 
3,300 
2,700 
2,000 
2,400 
2,200 
1,800 
1,300 
1,800 


Atlantie  eoast  district 


I   LonK  ;  All 
TotaL  i!  Island  other 
Sound,  i  waters. 


197,000 
42,000 
17,000 
7,300 
6,000 
1,000 
1,800 

51,000 


23,000 
4,600 
1,700 
3,400 
3,300 
2,700 
2,  GOO 
2,400 
2,200 
1,800 
1,300 
1,800 


$2,800  [$321,000 

(1)     i  273.000 


Lake 
Onta- 
rio. 


$2,700 


2,800 


700 


200 
(>) 

1,400 


400 


197,000 
42,000 
17,000 
7,300 
6,000 
1,600 
1,800 

48,000 


23,000 
4,600 
1,700 
2,(100 
3,300 
2,700 
2,400 
2,400 
800 
1.800 
1,300 
1,800 


2,700 


2^700 


i  Leas  thaa  $100. 

The  catch  made  with  pots  was  confined  to  the 
Atlantic  coast  district.  Tiie  value  of  the  product 
taken  in  this  way  was  $95,000,  of  which  S57,000  rep- 
resented the  value  of  lobsteis,  $37,000  the  value  of 
eels,  and  the  remainder  Uiat  of  a  few  fish  and  crabs. 
Detailed  statistics  as  to  the  value  of  the  catch  made 


with  pots,  by  species,  are  given  in  the  foUowiog  tabu- 
lar statonent: 


or 


AMD 


TotaL. 


VtMl 


Lebater...... 

uwiin. .  .  ...... 

Fkmidcn... 
Onba,liaid. 


iMa* 


Lobster  

Eds  

Whitebait.. 
Crabs,  hard . 
Flaondeis.. 


VALUE   OF   PRonUCT  TAKEN 

roTs:  1908. 


Total. 

Long  Island 
Sound. 

All  other 

$06,000 

$17,000 

$78,080 

20,000 

2,200 

24,000 

18,000 
8,300 
200 
100 

00,000 

1,900 
300 

16,000 
8,000 
200 

m 

U,000 

54,000 

80,000 
20,000 

000 

0,000 
5,200 

20,000 
24,000 
000 

300 

«. 

200 
100 

>  Less  than  $100. 

Flounders  were  the  most  important  species  taken 
with  fyke  and  hoop  nets,  the  value  of  the  catch 
amouBtmg  to  $56,000  and  constituting  66  per  cent  of 
the  entile  value  cl  the  catch  talcBa  with  this  form  of 
apparatus.  Detailed  statistics  as  to  tiie  value  of  the 
fyke  and  hoop  net  catch,  by  species,  are  as  follows: 


cuflsor  I 


TiXTTS  or  rSODOCT  TAKKN  Vmi 
VMSK  1008. 


Total  

Veaad  IMwries. 


Floiui'lcrs  

Ail  other  products... 

Shore  and  boat  fisheries. 


Flounders  

Catfish  and  bullheads. 

Suckers.....  

Eels  

Perch  

Carp,  German  

^Hwod. ...... ........ 

AH  ottHT  pndoeta.. . . . 


Aggre- 
gate. 


AtlaBtle 


ill  .j -till 


Long 
Total.  '  Island 
I  Sound. 


AU 
other 


,000  $40,000 


19.0(10 
100 

67,000 


10.000 
100 

54,000 


37.000 
9,700 
5.(i00 
4, 100 
2,900 
1,400 
1,400 
4,300 


37,000 
3.500 
3.-500 
2,200 
2,800 
1,400 
1,400 
%U0 


100  I  19,000 


100 
24,000 


23,000 


(•) 


19.000 
(») 

30,000 


14,000 
3.500 
3,500 
2,200 
2,800 
1,400 
1,000 
1,500 


Onlari*. 


$18,000 


18,60$ 


6.200 
2.200 
2,000 


202 


ilSH£RI£S  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


Hw  fltttiro  Mteh  with  dip  nets  was  reported  by  the 
Aon  and  boat  firiieries.  Statistics  as  to  the  Tslne 
of  the  catch,  byapeeieByarogtveii  in  thefoltowii^  tabu- 
lar stateniMit: 


Total... 
Qir||^Geraiaa 


TAumOTHKHMDcrxuaoTinnMranK  NOB. 


99.300 


4.400 
1.400 
1,100 
90O 
1,500 


Long 
Island 
Sound. 

All 
other 
waters. 

Lake 
Ontario. 

19,300 

S300 

99,000 

SlOO 

4.400 
1.400 
1,100 
900 
1,500 

4,400 
1.400 
1,000 
900 
1,300 

(') 



100 

200 

>  Less  than  SlOO. 

Principal  species —Table  9,  on  page  209,  gives  the 
quantity  and  vahie  of  the  principal  fishery  products 
for  1908  in  comparison  with  the  figures  for  former 
years  for  which  returns  are  available .  The  five  leading 
ipaciaa^  raiAad  accCTding  to  value  in  the  respective 
y«an,  wm  as  fenowa: 


Oysters. 

Oystcfs. 

Ovslers. 

Oysters. 

Menhaden. 

Clams. 

Menhadm. 

Clams. 

^^dbj^en. 

Shad. 

Squeteague. 

Ojnten  and  dams  appear  among  the  fire  leading 
species  for  each  of  the  fovr  yaaro;  iw«||«dfn  and  bine- 
fish  for  three  of  the  years ;  squeteague  and  shad  for  two 
years;  and  flounders  and  sturgeon  for  one  year  each. 

Oysters— In  1904  New  York  ranked  first  among  the 
states  in  the  value  of  its  oyster  product,  but  in  1908  it 
ksldaeeond  place,  Connecticntrankingfirst.  Although 
the  yield  was  less  tiian  two41iirds  the  quantity  reported 


for  Connecticut,  and  less  than  half  of  that  for  either 
Maryland  or  Virginia,  the  average  price  per  bushel  re- 
enyed  by  the  fishermen  was  considerably  higher.  Sta- 
tistics of  oysters  taken  from  New  Tofk  beds  by  Oob- 

necticut  fishermen  are  given  on  page  93.  The  tabular 
statement  at  the  foot  of  this  page  shows  for  1908  the 
distribution  of  tlie  quantity  and  the  value  of  market 
and  seed  oysters  taken  from  pubhc  and  private  areas 
of  the  state  according  to  the  waters  from  which  such 
products  were  taken.  Of  the  total  yield,  95  per  cent, 
with  a  value  equal  to  98  per  cent  of  tiie  total  Tihie, 
was  taken  from  private  areas. 

Statistics  of  the  oyster  catch  of  New  York  are  avail- 
able for  nine  different  years  between  1880  and  1908. 
The  following  tabular  statement  gives  the  amount  and 
▼aloe  of  the  yield  and  the  average  price  per  bushel  for 
such  years: 


onns  laomior. 

TALCX. 

Average 

per 
biishel. 

1908  

2,46.3,000 
3,329,000 
2,313,000 
2,062,000 
2,127,000 
2,611,000 
2,351,000 
2,090,000 
£0«3,000 

92,553,000 
3,780,000 
1,973,000 
1,985,000 
2,050,000 
2,749,000 
2,458,000 
2,133,000 
1,577,000 

91.04 
1.14 
0.85 
0.96 

a«6 

1.0S 

1.05 
1.02 
LU 

1904  

1838  

1897  

1891  

1890  

1889  

The  average  catch  for  the  nhie  years  was  2,265,000 
boshelB,  the  avorage  value  $2,362,000,  and  the  average 
value  per  bushel  S1.04.  As  compared  with  these  avei^ 

ages  the  report  for  1908  shows  increases  of  198,000 
bushels  in  quantity  and  $191,000  in  value,  but  no 
change  m  the  average  value  per  bushel.  Detailed 
statistics  for  the  oyster  product  for  1908  are  given  in 
the  following  tabidar  statement: 


From  private  areaa 
From  public  aicaa.. 

Mwket  oystets  

SMd  oysters  

From  pri  rate  areas  

From  pubtteanM...  


TotaL 


QwMitjr. 


2,463,000 


2,352.000 
111.000 


Bar 

cent 
dis- 
tribu- 


100 


95 
5 


1,849,000 


1,828.000 
22,000 

614,000 


524,000 

m,m 


74 
1 

25 


21 
4 


12,533,000 


2,490,000 

63,000 


2, 173,000 


2,155,000 
18,000 

.381,000 


336,000 
46,000 


Per 
cent 

dis- 
triba- 
tion. 


100 


98 
2 


85 


84 
1 

15 


13 

2 


Long  laJand  SooDd. 


Bnsheto. 


770,000 


745,000 
25, COO 


342,000 


341,000 
500 

^,000 


404,000 
24,000 


Per 
cent 

dis- 
tribu- 
tion. 


100 


97 
3 


44 


44 


VMM 


Amoant. 


$643,000 


631,000 
12,000 


375,000 


0) 


374,000 
500 


56  268,000 


52 
3 


257,000 
11,000 


Per 
cent 
dis- 
tribu- 
tion. 


Bushels. 


100  1,693,000 


98  1,607,000 
2  87,000 


58 


58 


(«) 


42 


40 

2 


1,508,000 


1,487,000 
21,000 

186,000 


120,000 
66,000 


Per 
cent 

dis- 
tribu- 
tion. 


100 


95 
6 


1 

11 


ValM. 


Amount. 


$1,910,000 


1,850,000 
51,000 


1,798,000 


1,780,000 
17,000 

112,000 


79,000 
34,000 


Per 
cent 
dis- 
tribo- 
tioii. 


100 


97 
8 


M 


SI 

1 


FISHERIES, 

Clams. — In  the  yield  of  hard  clams  there  was  a  de- 
crease from  1904  to  1908  of  neaily  27  per  cent.  Soft 
dams,  which  are  used  princip'ally  in  the  cod  fidieries 
for  bait,  decreased  11  per  cent  in  quantity  betweoi 

1904  and  1908. 

Scallops. — The  yield  of  scallops  in  19()S  amounted  to 
81,000  gallons,  valued  at  $98,000,  which  represents 
a  decrease  of  31,000  gallons  in  quantity  and  $48,000  in 
value,  compared  with  the  yield  of  1904.  The  state  of 
New  York  was  second  in  rank  with  respect  to  the 
value  of  the  s(»]lop  product  in  1908,  tiie  yields  in 
Massachusetts,  New  York,  and  Maine  contributing, 
respectively,  38,  31,  and  30  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the 
product  of  the  entire  country.  Tlie  industry  in  New 
York  is  carried  on  principally  at  the  eastern  end  of 
Long  Island. 

BluefuJ^,—Th6  bluefish  product  was  taken  diiefly 
witii  lines  in  the  vessel  fifllieries.   Compared  with  1904 

there  was  a  decrease  in  quantity  from  11,414,000  to 
3,191,000  pounds,  and  a  decrease  in  value  from 
$557,000  to  $291,000. 

Butterjish. — There  was  an  increase  of  112  per  cent 
in  quantity,  and  an  infarease  of  129  per  cent  in  value 
in  the  yield  of  butteffish  far  the  p«k>d  from  1904  to 
1908. 

German  carp. — ^This  fish,  for  which  there  is  an  in- 
creasing demand,  was  taken  chiefly  with  seines  in  the 
Hudson  River.  The  apparatus  to  be  used  in  taking 
German  carp  in  this  river  and  the  season  in  which  the 
fish  may  be  taken  are  under  the  control  of  the  State 
Foarast,  Fish,  and  Game  Commiasitm.  Larger  quanti- 
ties of  Qerman  carp  were  cau^t  in  1908  than  ever 
before,  the  yidd  of  406,000  pounds,  valued  at  $31,000, 
representing  an  increase  over  that  in  1903-4  of  115|000 
pounds  in  quantity  and  $14,000  in  value. 


BY  STATES.  203 

Cod.— The  catch  of  cod  in  1908  was  2,999,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $99,000,  an  increase  over  that  for 
1904  of  156  per  cent  in  quantity  and  of  87  per  cent  in 

value. 

Flounders. — The  flounder  catch  shows  an  increase 
in  1908  compared  with  1904  of  154  per  cent  in  weight 
and  110  i)er  cent  in  value.  A  product  of  4,629,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $141,000,  was  taken  in  1908,  prin- 
cipally in  nets. 

Menhaden. — ^The  principal  uses  of  the  menhaden 
are  for  oil  and  fertilizer,  but  a  few  are  sold  for  food. 
This  fish  is  taken  chiefly  with  seines  in  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  flsheries.  Although  it  continues  to  lead  all 
others  in  quantity,  there  was  a  large  decrease  in  the 
catch,  that  in  1908  being  12,762,000  pounds,  or  only 
about  one-seventeenth  of  that  for  1904.  The  value  of 
this  small  catch  in  1908  was  $22,000,  or  less  than  one- 
thirtieth  of  the  value  for  1904,  $694,000. 

Pike  perches. — Under  this  term  are  included  blue  pike, 
saugers,  and  wall-eyed  pike.  The  greater  part  of  the 
product  was  taken  in  Lake  Erie  with  gill  nets,  and  the 
yield  of  2,001,000  pounds,  valued  at  $68,000,  in  1908, 
shows  an  increase  over  that  for  1903  of  905,000  pounds 
in  quantity  and  of  $22,000  in  value.  The  value  of 
blue  pike  constituted  95  per  cent  of  tiM  total  value  of 
pike  perch  caught  in  1908. 

Squeteague. — The  squeteague  taken  in  1908  had  more 
than  double  the  value  of  that  caught  in  1904.  In 
1908  the  value  of  this  species  formed  more  than  one- 
fourth  of  the  value  of  all  fidi  proper  reported  for  the 
state.  It  was  surpassed  in  quantity  only  by  men- 
haden. The  catch  was  about  evenly  divided  between 
the  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  where  this  fish  is  taken 
chiefly  in  pound  and  trap  nets,  and  the  vessel  fisheries, 
where  seines  are  the  principal  apparatus  used. 


ao4 


FISHERIES  OF  TH£  UNITED  STATES,  1906. 

Tams  1.— NSW  'raBK--FI8HBBT  FBODUCTS:  U06. 


Total. 


Albacon^  m 
mackenl.., 

Alewives...., 
Black  ham.. 


TOTAL. 


Value. 


Pound  t 


QMntitar 
(pounds). 


VataB. 


(ponnda}. 


n,48S,(no 


M,  £04, 000 


Pike  and  pickerel.. 
Pike  peif h   ( blue 

pito)  

^ue  percfa  (aaug^) 

Poflatt 


Smelt    

%MDish  mackereL . . 

^ot  

S^aateacoe,  or 


JUiodnr 

Ckabs.  hard.. 

Crabs,  soft... 
Crat'S,  kinp. . 
Cral'S.  spider 
Lohjt.T  

Shiimp  

dams.  hard. 
Claia3,ao(t.. 


OjMen.  iBarket,  from 
private  areas  

Oyst^?rs.  seed,  from 
puMic  areas  

Oysters,  seed.  Cram 
pri  vate  . 

Scallops.......  

Squid  

Tujties  


10,000 

654,000 
3»,0(X) 

a, 101, 000 


1,229,000 
«K,000 

247,000 
2,9W,000 

42,000 

730,000 
4,629,000 
424,000 
39,000 

2,014,000 
34,000 
34,000 

%s 

12,762,000 
19,000 
90,000 
144,000 

90,000 

1,904,000 
40,000 

56,000 
133,000 

1,294,000 
723,000 
53,000 

sts 

4,000 
500 
109,000 


105,000 
8,100 
276,000 
31,000 

3,600 

81,000 
97,000 
18,000 

£SS 

179,000 
268,000 
50,000 

580,000 
22,000 
56,000 
7,200 
423,000 
1,500 

*  809,000 
♦656,000 
•167,000 

'8,175,000 

•  151,000 
12,796,000 

"628,000 

"3.1170,000 

"650,000 
1S9,000 

aoo 

IS  MA 


400 

7,100 
5,100 
291,000 
fi,400 

64,000 
31,000 

20,000 
90,000 

aoo 

600 

57,000 
141,000 

12,000 
1,000 

51,000 
4,900 
400 

a,  MO 

22,000 
1,200 
8,700 
5,400 

9,600 

59,000 
2,000 

7,000 

3,500 

45,000 
35,000 
500 
S,000 

3;  100 

900 
100 
2,600 

7;  on 

16,000 
7,500 

13,000 
900 
200 

3,100 
2,300 
6,300 

15,000 
3,700 
300 

7,400 
2,300 
100 

(») 

57,000 

600  . 

223,000  i 
54,000  I 
14,000 
8,200 

18,000 
2,155,000 
45,000 

336,000 


7,752,000 


S442,000 


37,000 
2,673,000 
74,000 


.^9,  (XMJ 
2,925,000 


5, 100 
246,000 
3,800 


9,800 

113,000 
424.01)0 
39,000 

(') 

100 
21,000 
16,000 


19,000 

'  i,'i66 

65,000 

23,  on 


52,000 

07,000 

6,200 
466,000 


91,000 


28,000 
2,100 

39,000 
4,900 


8,800 

18,666 


98,000 
8, 100 

iii 


2,000 
467,000 


t),0(10 
96,000 


600 

4,100 
12,000 
1,000 

(') 

(») 
300 
900 


11,006,000 


•417,000 


10,000 
187,000 
400 
134,000 

21,000 

1,218,000 
4,700 

10,000 
51,000 


4%  on 

30,000 

1,687,000 


l«,178t0n 


400 

2,800 
(2) 
10,000 
1,300 

64,000 
100 

1,100 
1,900 


■  on 

2,4W 

65,000 


1327,000 


500 
318,000 


91,000 
6,800 

5,400 
271,000 

20,000 
2,000 
7,500 


Value. 


QuauUly 

(poands). 


(«) 

2,400 


1,200 
....... 

7,700 


6,500 
1,900 

300 
24,000 


500 


1,1W 
300 

6,000 
4,000 


12,000 

33,  on 
2,on 
00^  on 
s7,on 


2,  on 

50,000 

52,000 
39,000 
51,000 
6,800 
76,000 


400 
'6,366 


4n 


4, 319,  on 
15,  on 

11,000 

300 
24,000 
12,000 


(») 

300 
4,600 
(») 

3,  fin 
%no 


6,900 
300 

300 
23,000 

i,3n 

IW 
2W 


Offl 


7,412,000  CMS, on 


108,  on 
293,  on 


Value. 


2,861,0n 


48,000 

121,  on 


800 
400 

in 
i,on 


an 

1,200 

2,400 
3,000 
500 
900 
1,600 


in 
i,m 

218,  on 

2,600 

1,400 
300 
800 
200 


31,000 

3,2ra 


1,235,000 
203,000 
1,000 
27,0n 


(*). 


5, 850,  on 
20,  on 

500 


84. (XX) 
400 


2,800 

4,  aw 


200 


100 

I7,«n 


3,200 
aoo 


42,000 
7,300 
{») 

i,no 


199,000 
3,500 

(') 


53,  on 
16,  on 


(») 

4,7m 


4,  an 

a68,on 
43,  on 

12,  on 


56,  on 
7,an 


187,000 

an 


1,900 

on 


4n 

3,7n 
an 

3n 


100 

900 


8,  on 
(«) 


4,400 


4,800 
35,000 

25,  on 
19,  on 


2,000 
50,  on 


2,030,000 
600 


n,on 


4,200 
8,000 


179,  on 


an 

2,  on 

38,  on 


200 

300 


4,  an 

"(»)■■ 
in 

5n 


1,150,000 
100 
41,000 
89,000 

3,in 

1,851,000 
40,000 

300 
16,000 

200 
14,000 
1,300 

323,  on 
8m 

2,600 

an 
m,m 

955,000 

6,700 

54,000 
2,900 
31,000 
400 


1,000 


12,  on 

175,000 


100 
100 


fin 


i,6n 
(•) 

28,  on 


300 
1,700 

i,8n 
9n 


Fyke  and  hoop 
nets. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Vakie. 


37.  on 


24,000 

129,  on 


100 

i,gn 


100 
59,  on 

2, 383,  on 


50,  on 
in 


a,  an 


1,600 
(•) 

3,900 
3,100 

an 

55,  on 
2,  on 

(') 

400 

(=) 

1,000 

(») 

24,000 
(») 

6W 

& 

33,000 
1,000 

8,000 
3,200 
800 
(') 


i,8n 


14,000 
39,000 

ii,on 
sn 


200 


AO  other  apparattta.' 


Qoaatitar 
(pounds). 


29, 180,  on 


t^(ll7,(M 


4,  an 


1,400 

9,7n 


(2) 

4,100 

56,  on 


m 


72,000 

3,200 
2,5n 


588,000 

276,  on 


VafaM. 


1,3(X) 
1,600 

gn 

(») 


1,800 


(») 

"no 


15,  on 

"(»)■■ 
(») 


100 


1!,0W 


m 


3,766 


i,4n 


100 

1,400 
100 


118,000 
18,000 


14,  on 
73,  on 


8,2n 
2,6n 


3, 100 

6,6n 


200 


"466 


sn 


200 


5,t)00 
600 


500 
1,400 


7n 
(») 


100 
200 


2,0W 

m 


fin 


18,000 

an 

8,000 


18,  on 


200 

56,  on 
22,  on 


416,  on 
i,5n 

<8ro,on 

» 056, 000 
•  167,  OCX) 
8,175,000 

» 151,000 
'12,795,000 
U628,0n 

"3,070,  on 
xon^floo 


in 


4,4n 

2n 
in 


47,  on 
9,7n 


in 


<■) 


(*). 


9W 


9n 


(>) 

i,8n 
2,an 


57,000 
en 

223,  on 

54,on 
14,  on 

8,2n 

18,000 

2, 155,  on 
45,  on 


(«) 


I^^'^Sl^^PP^l^'^^-.^  '^ '^i^'li^^^"""'^-  Dre  iges,  tongs,  etc.,  27,749,fXX),pounds,  valued  at  82,954,000;  eel  and  lobster  pots,  915,000  pounds,  valued  at  »5  On 
■riT^htr^wttiw  dip  nets,  144,on  pounds,  valued  at  I9,3n;  harpoons,  spears,  etc.,  106,on  pounds,  wiued  at  $8,800;  and  ^KNmtn 


•SLOWI 


*  22,on  bushels. 


u  52^0n  bushels. 


i^hiOgBiioas. 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


205 


Tasu  9.— new  YOBK-WKBSr  nOBUCm  m  AnULNTIC  C0A8T  DSmUCT,  BXiCLOBIVB  OF  UMQ  ISLAND  SOUND: 

1908. 


Total. 


Fish: 

Albaoore,  «r 
mackerd... 

Alewives  

Blueflsh  

Bonito. 


Carp,  Gernm  

Catfish   and  ball- 
heads  :.. 

Cod  

Croato  


Flounders. 
Haddock.. 
HakB  


Ling 


Mackerel  

Mackerel,  duib. 

Menhaden  

Penii,  white. 

I^M^k^  t-  -*^  


Pollack  

Scup,  or  porgy . 

Sea  MM  

Sea  roMn....... 

Shad  , 


Skates  

Smelt  

Spot  

Squeteague,  or  wcak- 

ush  

Striped  base  


Sturgeon . 

Caviar  

Suckers.. 


Whitebait. 

Whiting... 
All  other. . 


Crabs,  soft... 
Lobster...., 

Shrimp  


Clams,  hard. 
Caam8,aolt.. 
dans,  suff. . 

Mussels  


Oysters,  market,  from 
public  areas  

Oysters,  market,  from 
private  awB....  

'Oysters,  seed,  fiNMB  pal>* 
lie  areas  

Oysters,  seed,  fewB  pri- 
vate areas  

Scallops  

Squid  

SiinB,  modocat  


TOTAL. 


QnaotitT 
(ponnda). 


B7,7n,on 


10,  on 
551, on 
3, 106,  on 
88,  on 

»«,080 

386,  on 
111, on 

2,943,000 

7,5n 
fli4^«eo 

2, 734,  on 
434.000 

39;  000 
11,000 
22,000 

51,000 

28,  on 
11, 540,  on 
w,on 

106.  on 
1,259,  on 
672,  on 
20,  on 
358,  on 

105,  on 

4.000 

49,  on 

0,424,  on 

32,  on 

20,000 
1,000 

108,  on 
«,8n 
90,  on 

77,000 

199,000 
135,000 
7,4n 

675,  on 
22,  on 
332,  on 
i,5n 

« 583,  on 

•  318,  on 

•  in,  on 


■  147,  on 

»10,408,0n 

"458,  on 

"  840.  on 
'27,200 
48,  on 

(») 


Value. 


03, 282,  on 


4n 

5,3n 

284,0n 

4,6n 

16,000 

31.  on 

6.9n 
97,  on 
2n 

48,000 

78,000 
1^000 

i.on 

1,700 

3n 

3,9n 
i,2n 
20,  on 
8,7n 

1,«I0 

2.8n 
43,  on 
3i,on 
3n 

27,  on 

600 
900 

i,7n 

372.  on 

5,3n 

2..5n 

1,300 

6,  on 
an 
7n 

1.300 
5,700 
1,<»0 
4W 

7,  an 
2,3n 
45,  on 

on 

146,  on 

28,  on 
i4,on 
8,2n 


17,  on 

1,780,  on 

34,  on 

79,  on 
i,4n 
i,9n 
(») 


PBOOUCT  CAUGHT  BY— 


Pound  and  ti^ 
neta. 

OiUnate. 

Fyhejadhoop 

Quantity 
(pounda). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(ponads). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(paunda). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(peuads). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(piwOs). 

ViIbb, 

7, 322,  on 

S391.000 

5, 198,  on 

$204,on 

18, 073,  on 

S32i,on 

2,O0B,On 

si07.on 

1,892,  on 

$49.  on 

22,323,0n 

,02.2n,on 

===== 

10,  on 
iO(),on 
65,on 
12,  on 

307,000 

400 
1,100 
4, 700 

7n 
is,on 

500 
316,000 
90,000 

6,8n 

0,400 

27i,on 

20,  on 
2,  on 
7,5n 

48,009 

117,000 

(•) 

2, 4n 
6,9n 
sn 

809 

23,  on 

i,3n 
in 
an 

3;800 

4,000 

108,  on 
aw,  on 

i,no 
27,an 

i7,on 

m 

4,a09 

un 

2, 671,  on 

68,000 

245,  on 
3,5n 

1,800 

22,  on 

25,  on 
10,  on 

in 

i.4n 

i,8n 
on 

21. on 
61,  on 

i,4n 
3,sn 

72,  on 
8,  an 

9,000 

4,400 
MO 

1,1W 
2, 879,  on 

in 
94,  on 

fin 
40,  on 

in 

i,6n 

9,8n 

9B,on 

^,on 

39,  on 

on 

3,  an 
12,  on 
i,on 

M,«00 
008,000 

i,9n 
23,  on 

44»000 

(*) 

1,700 

ao,ow 

1,I80»009 

2,2n 
33,  on 

*u,«oo 

189,009 

49,009 

7,000 

0,900 

i,5n 

sn 
4n 

in 
i,on 
9,  en,  on 
31,  on 

2n 
(') 

(') 

in 
17,  on 

M 

aoo 

(*) 

21, on 
15,  on 

366 
sn 

15,  on 
27,  on 
965,  on 
3,  fin 

i,on 
i,in 
i,in 
4n 

ao,on 

a,  on 

965,  on 
41,  on 
8OO 

16,  on 
an 

14,0W 

i,3n 
3,  on 
uo 

4n 

(J) 

i,on 

i4,on 

80,000 

i,an 
i,on 

3,009 

GO,  on 
5  on 

439,0n 

i,7n 
an 
aa.on 

30,000 
18,000 

16,  on 
19,  on 

4,4n 

14, on 

7n 
9n 
i,an 
sn 

on 

m 

1,235,000 

i,on 
37,000 

42,  on 
7,  an 
(*) 

i,on 

(») 

(«) 

888,000 

84,009 

8,300 

4n 

fiOO 

(.) 

91,  on 

5n 

2.  en 
39,  on 

935,000 
6,7n 

19.  on 
1,000 
3n 
(») 

on 
i,5n 

32,  on 
i,on 

2.4n 
i,3n 

8 

i,4n 

an 

9,  on 

2, 645,  on 
5,9n 

4n 

200 

i4i,on 
i,on 

(') 

200 

6, 817,  on 
16,  on 

5n 

198,  on 

2,7n 

(') 

27,on 
2,on 

i,on 
an 

in 
i.4n 

m 

(») 
2n 

(=). 

n,on 
4n 
on 

3,  on 
179,  on 
3n 
2,  in 

88,000 

i,7n 

in 
4,sn 
(=) 

in 

sw 

6i,on 
o^an 

8» 

62,  on 
2,  en 

3,5n 
an 
(«) 

i.on 

(') 

i7,on 

809 

gn 

2,700 

2n 

18,000 

13,  on 

5n 
an 

18,  on 



9n 

135,000 

i,3n 

9,500 

i.on 

(') 

2n 

2,  in 

407,0n 

(') 

4,7n 

500 

in 

2n 
6^000 

(.■) 

TOO 

i,an 

64,  on 

32,  on 
331, on 

i.sn 

4  583.0n 

•  818,  on 

•  in,  on 
>%iiMa9 

•1«,«09 

•10,408,009 

"'4.W.000 
»840,0n 

>*7,an 

in 
i.7n 

.100 
15.  (IX) 
6(X) 

146,  on 

20,009 
14,000 
8»3» 

17,000 
1,780^009 

34, on 

79,  on 
i,4n 

sn 

m 

48,  on 

i,9n 

(•) 

» Includes  apparatus,  with  catch,  as  foUowK  Dredges,  tongs,  etc.,  21,146,on  pounds,  valued  at  $2,108,000;  eel  and  lolwter  pots,  776,000  pounds,  valued  at  $7,S,000:  dip  nets, 
\4Dfiy)  pounds,  valued  at  89/)n;  harpoons,  spaan,  etc.,  92,on  pounds,  valued  at  87,5n;  beam  trawls,  178,000  pounds,  valued  at  06,7n;  and  minor  apparatus,  4n 
valued  at  $in. 

*  Less  than  Sin.  •  32,on  bushels.  ■  ai/XX)  bushels.  u  iao,on  bushels. 

•jMOMBlOOpoaada.  •39j00OlNalMta.  •  l^im  iiualMta.  uf  ~ 

"TtonniaMiiifc  -mnjwniwiiih  Moiyoooba 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


Ibb: 


Ale  wives. 
Bluefisb.. 


Cod........... 


Eels  

Flound«s.. 
KiiKEfish... 


.ttlmblMyed. 


Menbadea. 

PaiiKk.... 


Skates  

Spot  

Squeteaene,  or 

Stripe<l  ■ 
Sturgeoo 


TaatoK  

Tomeod  ...... 

Wtattine  

An  other  


Ojsters,  market,  from  pablic 
,  market,  train  pitnite 


ftHB  fabUc 

nrras. .....   

'  VvJiers,  mat,  tmm 

areas  


Claim,  hard  

Clans,  lilU  

flains.aat.  

Lobster  


Scaik>ps  

CialM.  hard. 

Squid  

In  other... 


nvufc. 


u,m,m 


103,000 
85,000 
14,000 

•65,000 
96,000 

77.000 
1,90(>.000 
23.000 
55.000 
30,000 

1,222.000 
27.000 
35.000 
50,000 

%m 

63.000 
60.000 
1,727.000 
14,000 
5,600 

61,000 

ao.coo 

133.000 
122,000 


*t,m 

•2,387,000 
•170,000 

»2.830.000 

•226.000 
•338,000 
1*6.500 

92.000 

"  643.000 
.5,400 
141.000 
63,000 


1,700 
6,900 
900 
49,000 
1,800 

6,600 
68,000 
3.200 
2,800 
1,800 

2,600 
700 
1,500 
4,200 


1,500 
l.OOO 
70.000 
2.300 
600 

2,400 
1,000 
2,100 
1,200 


m^ioo 

11,000 

257.000 

77.000 
29,000 
500 
12,000 

97,000 
100 
6,200 
100 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


B,«i^oao 


81,000 
69,000 
8.900 
961.000 

11.000 

300 
993.000 
23,000 
45.000 
30.000 

1,057.000 
19.000 
34,000 
23,000 
^HO 

82,000 
60,000 

1,674.000 

5,G00 

37,000 
4,600 
133.000 
118,000 


6.700 


3.000 
140,000 
63,000 


Value. 


1,700 
5,300 

600 
49,000 

400 

(=) 
41,000 
3,100 
2,400 
1.800 

2,300 
500 
1,500 
1,800 


1,000 

77.000 

1,.500 

eoo 

1,400 
400 
2,100 
1,000 


900 


6,100 
100 


Fyka  and  hoop 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


20,000 


797.000 


13,000 
10,000 


Value. 


100 


23,000 


500 
400 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


tll,( 


2,200 
5,300 

46,066 


15.000 
100 
500 


7,500 
600 
27,000 


(») 


1,500 
100 


6,100 


Value. 


16,700 


200 
300 

'i,'s66 


■SOO 

(») 
(») 


200 

(') 

2,300 


100 

(«) 


300 


Gill  nets. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


2M,«n 


13,000 
'z,5O0 


6,300 
400 
10,000 


166,000 


800 

'io.'ooo" 


1,000 

'i,'ae6' 


100 
2,000 


Value. 


33,500 


1,400 
'"266 


200 
100 
300 


300 


"966 


■(■')■ 


100 


Seines. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


58,000 


1,500 
400 


4,800 


33,000 
4,100 


3,600 
6,000 


Value. 


82,800 


(•-) 
(2) 


200 


1,500 
700 


100 
200 


.\U  other  appa* 
ratus.i 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


6,862,000 


77,000 
90,000 


2,800 

<3,700 

»2  ,,•587,000 

•170,000 

'2,830,000 

•226,000 
•338,000 
»6,500 
85,000 

"643.000 
2,300 


ValM. 


11,000 

257,000 

77,000 
29,000 
500 
11,000 


>  Includes  apparatus,  with  catch,  as  followsr  Dredees,  tongs,  etc.,  6,603,000  pounds,  valued  at  $S4fi,()fKi;  pel  and  lobster  pots,  149,000  pounds,  vahwd  «t tl7ilOO:  1 
tewls.  90.000  pounds,  valued  at  02,700;  harpoons,  spears,  etc.,  17,000  pounds,  valued  at  Sl,300:  and  minor  apparatus,  3,000  pounds,  vataM  at8300. 

*  Less  than  SIOO.  «  500  boshels.  •  24,000  bushels.  »  28,000  bushels.  »  800  bushels. 

•  Leas  tluua  100  poands.  •341,000  bushels.  '  404,000  bushels.  » 31.000  bushels.  "  80,000  gallons. 

Table  4.— NEW  YORK— FISHERY  PRODUCTS  OF  LAKE  ERIE:  1908. 


r 


vocu. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


4,188.000 


1,800 
16,000 
14,000 
2,009,000 

6,200 

83.000 

1.700 

i,8a^.ooo 

40,000 

%m 

AOOO 

T400 

40.000 
123,000 
2,100 


Value. 


tin^ooo 


100 

aoo 

800 
49,000 
300 

2,900 
100 
54,000 
2,000 


0,000 
2,400 

1,100 
9,800 
1001 


FBODUCT  CACOHT  BT— 


CWnets. 

QnantitT 
(poanda). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

68,000 

86,700 

61,080 

11,800 

4,084,000 

8121,000 

1,800 

100 

(') 
13,000 

400 
2.001.000 
6,200 

200 

49,000 
300 

2,80C 
100 
61,000 

a.000 

2,600 
7,0N 

100 

700 

1,100 

(•) 

1,800 

100 

80.000 
1,700 
1,770,000 
40,000 
200 

n,m 

3,000 

1^000 

000 

MO 

i,ln 

200 

12,000 
600 

2,000 
500 

4,200 
300 
19,000 

600 
300 
700 

25,000 
1,700 
21,000 
123,000 
200 

4,000 
1,700 
400 
0,800 

0) 

1,000 

UO 

m 

FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

Tabm  «.— new  YORK— fishery  PRODUCTS  OF  LAKE  ONTARIO:  M08.» 


207 


TOTAL. 

PBODCCT  CAOGBT  BT— 

Pound  and  trap 
nets. 

Sdnes. 

Gill  nets. 

Fjtowidbeop 

Bets. 

D^nata. 

QoaatttT 

(pounds^ 

Valiw. 

Quantity 
(poood^. 

Vakw. 

QnantitT 
(poaads). 

Value. 

QuanUty 
(poands). 

Value. 

823,000 

874,000 

266,000 

S39.000 

84.000 

84,300 

54,000 

82,700 

199.000  '014,000 

219,000 

•13,000 

1,600  1  SUO 

36,000 

4.700 
12-.',(K)0 
44,000 
35.000 

19,000 
35,(HXt 
87,000 
100.000 
54,000 

37,000 
4.700 
128,000 
24,000 

18,000 
14,000 
56,000 
8,400 

6,000 

200 
12,000 
2,oOO 
1,700 

1.200 
1,100 
9,400 
6,000 
6,700 

5,800 
3,800 
5,400 
600 

6,300 
1,100 
6,400 
100 

36,000 

6,000 

400 

2.200 
9,500 
8,400 
4,500 

(') 
100 

1,000 
500 
100 

200  I  (I) 

2.300 
GS.OOO 
33,000 

1,800 

100 
6,200 
2,000 

100 

^\fflt^  and  hnlHwrfi  

Eds  

45,000 
300 

5,200 

1,600 
28.000 

100 
1,600 

IfuskallnnfK  

Perch,  yellow  

65,000 

7.700 

10,000 
18,000 
500 

800 

700 
700 
100 

100 

1,100 
81,000 
100 

9,400 
200 
10,000 
400 

'""«,'i66' 

£2,000 

100 
4,300 
(*) 

1,600 
200 
400 
(») 

"■'mo' 

6,000 

11,000 
300 
1,800 

900 

Pike  perch  (blue  pike)  

(») 
200 

1   si, 666 

27,000 
4,500 

6,500 

4,100 
3,000 



5,000 
12,000 

""4,'266' 
100 

100 
200 

"■466' 
(») 

54,000 

2,700 

67,000 
13,000 

""iao" 
**"8,"a66* 

2,200 
300 

"too" 
""in 

1,600 

HO 

Trout,  brook  

Trout,  lake  

18,000 

6,300 

1  All  taken  in  the  sboce  and  boat  fisheries.  »  Less  than  flOO. 

Tabu  6.— NEW  YORK— FISHERY  PRODUCTS.  BY  DISTRICTS:  1MB. 


Total. 


Saueteague,  or  waak- 

Bsh  

Bluefish  

Flounders  

Cod  

FUBBpeteb  

Butteiflsh.  

Eels  

HefTing,  lain  


sturgeon  and  caviar. . , 

Menhaden  

Catfish  and  bullheads. 

WMtefish  

Haddock  

Suckers  

Pike  and  pickerel  

Perch,  wliite  

Striped  bass  

▲lawives  


AtLAimC  COAST  WSTXICT. 


Quantity 
(paoads). 


Value. 


I  Quantity 
(poands). 


76,485,00004,804,000 


Tmitthnaik.. 
WUMMtt.... 


Bonito  

Perch,  yellow  

Black  bass....  

KincHsh  

Whiting  

Pollack  

Tautog  

M  nrlf  nrnl.  thlmliln  njxfl 

Spot  

Tomcod  

Skates  

Trout,  lake  

Muskallunge  

AU  otber  


Oysters...., 
Market. 
Seed... 

C!lams  

Scallops  


Qckta. 

Unssels.. 

Squid  

AU  other. 


47,504,000 

11,151,000 
3.191,000 
4,t>29,000 
2.999,000 
2.001,000 

1,229,000 
736.000 
2,0(4,000 
1,204,000 
723,000 

406,000 
3(^0,000 
113,000 
12,762,000 
247,000 

119,000 
424,000 
251,000 
90,000 
90,000 

45,000 
664,000 
106,000 

18,000 
110,008 

102,000 
144,000 

38,000 
34,000 
268.000 

133,000 
81,000 
58,000; 

109,000! 
97,000 

168,  OOo! 
20,0001 
19.000 

280,000 


1,566,0000 

451,000 
291,000 
141,000 
99,000 
68,000 

64,000 
57,000 
51,000 
45,000 
35,000 

31,000 
27,000 
23,000 
22,000 
20,000 

15,000 
12,000 
12,000 
9,600 
8,700 

7,600 

r 

5,400 
5.400 
5, 100 
4,900 
3,700 

3,500 
3,100 
2,900 
2,000 
2,300 

2,100 
1,400 
1.200 

6,200 


Value. 


n,«4,0Q0  $4,880,000 


LaaKUaad 


42,493,000 

11,151,000 
3,191,000 
4,629,000 
2,909,000 


1,229,000 

691,000 


1,362,000! 

451, OOo' 
291,000 
141,000 
99,000 


64,000 
55,000 


1,294.000 
723,000 

386,000 
360,0001 
27,000! 
12,702,000 
111,000 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Seandj 


Value. 


6,856,000 

1,727.000 
85,000 

1,906,000 
66,000 


905,000 
77,000 


424,000 
108,000 
800 

90,000 

45,000 
064,000 
106,000 


•12,946,000 
•4,298,000 

•  1,632,000 
•650,000 
423,000 
003,000 

8,175,000 
189,000 
65,000 


2,553,000 
2,173,000 
381,000 

292,000 
98,000 
67,000| 
0, 


190,000 

102.000 
26,000 
(«) 
34.000 

208,000 

133,000 
81,000 
58,000 

109.000 
97,000 

168,000 


288,000 


18,040,000 
4,288,000 

1,632,000 
650,000 
423,000 
602,000 

8,176,000 
189,000 
65,000 


45,000 
35,000 

31,OOo' 
27,0001 

4.400 
22,000! 

6,900. 


35,000 
50,000 


2,500 
5,600 
1,222,000 


12,000 
8, 100! 

100 
8,700 

7,600 
7,100 
6,600 


6,700 

5,400 
1,400, 

(>) 

4,900! 
3,700: 

3,500 
3.100 
2.900 
2,m 
2.300 

2,100 


4,800 

2,553,000 
2,173,000 
381,000 

292,000 
98,000 
67,000 
9,700 

8,200 
8,100 
700 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Value. 


13,7«l,000'81,100,OOOl57,7U,000«,2B2.000 


244,000 

79.000 
6.900 

68.000 
1,800 


35,638,000  1,119,000 


49.000 

6,600 


1,500 
4,200 


300 
600 
2,600 


100 

14,000 
103.000 
55,000 


14,000 


23,000 
133,000 

27,000 
61.000 
30.000 
60.000 
20,000 

63,000 


122,000 


2,391.000 
3,000,000 

571,000 
643,000 
92,000 
6,400 


141,000 
08,000 


(') 
2,300 
1,700 
2,800 


900 


3,200 
2,100 

700 
2,400 
1,800 
1,000 
1,000 

1,500 


9.424.000 
3,106,000 
2.724,000 
2,943,000 


264.000 
614,000 


OBBAT  LAKES  UlSTBICT. 


372,000 
284.000 
73,000 
97,000 


16,000 

48,000 


1,259,000 
672,000 

386,000 
358,000 
21,000 
11,540.000 
111,000 


424.000 
106,000 
800 
90,000 

32,000 
551.000 
51,000 


43,000 
31,000 

31.000 
27.000 

3,800 
20.000 

6,900, 


12,000 


1,200 

643.000 
375,000 
268,0001 

IOTnOOO 
97.000{ 
12, 
K 


190,000 

88,000 
26,000 

(») 
11.000 
135,000 

100,000 
20,000 
28,000 
49,000 
77,000 

105,000 


IIG.OOO 


10.555,000 
1,299,000 

1,061,000 
7,200 
332,000 
507,000 

8,175.000 
48.000 
1,600 


3,mo 

10,000 
96,000 
12,000, 


TetaL 

Lite  Erie. 

Lakis  Ontario. 

Quantity 
(iwunds;. 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 

(POIIIKIS). 

Value. 

6,011,000 

1308,000 

4,188,000 

njo,ooo 

8B,000 

074,000 

5,011,000 

203,000 

4,188,000 

130,000 

823,000 

74,080 

i53,66ij 

2,001,000 

68,000 

1,847,000 

56,000 

.... 

12,000 

45.000 
2,044,000 

2,600 
51,000 

1,800 
2,000,000 

100 
49,000 

44,000 
86,000 

2,600 

i,no 

1  20,000 

500 

16,000 

30U;  4,700 

200 

86,000 

19,000 

44,000 

9,000 

42,000 

9,000 

136,000 
179,000 

13,000 
16,000 

14,000 

123,000 

800 

0,800 

122,000 

56,000 

12,000 
5,400 

143,000 
80,000 

6,800 
0,600 

15,000 
1,700 

400 
100 

128,000 
87,000 

o'«o 

1  18,000 

6,300 

18,000 

6,800 

118,000 
38,000 

4,000 
5,100 

83,000 
1,800 

2,900 
100 

35,000 
30,000 

1,1(J0 
5,000 

20,000 
19.000 

53,000 

1,400 

1.200 
1,400 

Com 

100 

25,000 

800 

700 

14,000 
19,000 
28,000 

1.100 
1,100 
flOO 

»  Less  than  $100. 

*  Less  than  100  pounds. 


•  1,^9,000  bushels. 
«  614,000  bushels. 


•  204,000  buataals. 

•  81^880  friloos. 


FISfl£BI£S  OF  Tfifi  l]]^IX£D  STATES,  190S 

Tama  7.-~IISW  T08K-nOI>OCI8,  BT  GLASS  OF  9! 


Qnantity 
(poands). 


10,000 
654,000 
38,000 

3,191,000 
102,000 

1,229,000 
406,000 
247,000 

2.999.000 
7,500 
42.000 
736,000 
4,629,000 

424,000 
39,000 
34,000 
2,044,000 
24,000 

106,000 
58,000 
12,762,000 
19,000 

90,000 
144,000 

90,000 
1,904,000 
40,000 

Ui»Oio 

1,294,000 

723,000 
53,000 
360,000 

168,000 

4,m 

109,000 
11,151,000 

45,000 

105,000 
8,100 
276,000 


a^ooo 

81,000 
97,000 
19,000 
20,000 

199,000 

179,000 

2«;><.<MJ0 

50,000 

580,000 

22,000 
56,000 
7,200 

423,000 
1,500 
'809,000 

*6fie»ooo 

8,175,000 
•1%M6,000 
•4,296,000 

'650,000 
189,000 
200 
•100 


Vatae. 


Qoantitv 
(poands). 


76,485,000  $4,504,000 


400 

Km 

291,000 
6,400 

Hoeo 

tt,000 

20,000 

99,000 
200 
600 
57,000 
1«1,000 

12,000 
1,000 
4,900 

51,000 


6,600 
2,900 
32,000 

lyflO 

8,700 
5,400 
9,600 
59,000 
2,000 
7,«lt|. 


3,500 
45,000 
35,000 
500 
27,000 


41,697,000 


2,100 
900 
100 

%tn 
4a,  000 

7,600 

15,000 
7,500 
19>000 


3,100 
2,300 
6,300 
1,400 
6,700 

15,000 
3,700 
300 

7,«0 

2,300 
100 


(») 

67,000 
600 
223,000 
54,000 
HM> 

8,200 
2,173,000 
381,000 
96,000 
8,100 

8 


2,918,000 

ii,oa» 

1,100 

1,800 

1,502,000 
7,500 


140,000 
1,231,000 

34,000 


200 
1,064,000 

%m 

26,000 

io,  440,666 


100 
57,000 

800 
l,3o<i,0()0 
12,000 


2,500 
1,238,000 
466,000 
1,000 


100 

33,000 
6,382,000 
1,200 

100 


6.300 


1,300 
1,600 


6,100 

2,100 

99,000 
300 
2,100 

57,000 


127,000 


241,000 
18,000 
117,600 

50,000 
9,516,000 
4,013,000 
430,000 


•2,860,000 


0) 


268,000 
700 
400 
900 

200 

59,000 
200 


U,000 
«^000 

1,IB0 


(') 
25,000 

(») 

2,000 

'  18,666 


100 
38,000 
600 


MO 
«^000 


0) 


0) 

1,300 
216,000 
300 

0) 

(fi'  


100 


300 

200 

7,700 


0) 


•100 
1,100 


18,000 


70^000 


1,000 

1,SN,000 

358,000 
64,000 


Quantitr 
(pounds). 


34,788,000 


10,000 
101,000 


273,000 
90,000 
1,222,000 
405,000 

245,000 

1,407,000 


42,000 
506,000 
3,408,000 

390,000 
39,000 
34,000 

979,000 
22,000 

80,000 
58,000 
%322,00i 
19,000 

00^000 
fl7,000 

89,000 
548,000 
38,000 


180,000 
65,000 

268,000 
52,000 
360,000 

168,000 
4,000 
400 

76,000 
4,769,000 
44,000 

105,000 
8,100 
271,000 


80,000 
95,000 
18,000 
14,000 
107,000 

81,000 

268.000 
48,000 

623,000 

22,000 
56,000 
7,200 

296,000 
1,600 
«8,000 


8,125,000 
3,430,000 
380^000 
220,000 

189,000 
200 
100 


Value. 


$1, 734,001 


7.O0O 
8,  MO 

22,000 
4,800 
64,000 
31,000 

20,000 

39,000 


600 
46,000 
111,010 

U,000 

1,000 
4,900 
26,000 

aoo 

4,600 
2,900 
^000 

i,m 

8,700 
8,600 
0,000 
31,000 
1,800 
7,<08 

3,000 
3,600 

19,000 
500 

27,000 

3,100 
000 

100 

1,400 
235,000 
7,300 

15,000 
7,500 
18,000 
800 


3,000 
2,200 
6,300 
1,100 
5,500 

7,500 
3,700 
200 

6,300 
2,306 
106 

(') 

40,000 
600 
188,000 
0^680 

4,m 

6,600 
679,000 
33,000 
36,006 

8,106 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

Table  8.— NEW  YORK— PRODUCTS  OF  VESSEL  FISHERIES,  BY  DISTRICTS:  1908. 


209 


Tottf. 


Fish  

Bluefisb... 
Squeteague 
Cod  

IS?'" 


Flounders.... 
Lake  herring. 
Menhaden.... 

Sea  bass  

Eels  


Whlteflsh.... 

Mackerel  

Perch,  yellov 

Haddock  

Spot  

All  other. . . . 


Oysters,  market. 
~  .seed.... 


SotDopt.... 

Lobster  

Mussels  

Crabs,  hard. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


41,697,000 


27,128,000 
2,918,000 
6,382,000 
1,592,000 
1,238,000 
1,368,000 

1,221,000 
1,064,000 
10,440,000 
455,000 
140,000 

99,000 

26,000 
57,000 
34,000 
33,000 
59,000 

•9,616,000 
•4,013,000 
«376,000 

•430,000 
127,000 
50,000 
57,000 


Value. 


82,860,000 


742,000 
268,000 
216,000 
59,000 
42,000 
88,000 

30,000 

25,000 
18,000 

iti,nno 

11,000 

7,700 

2,000 
1,800 
1,300 
1,3(X) 
3,000 

1,694,000 
368,000 
88,000 

64,000 
18,000 
1,600 
1,100 


AtLUme  COAST  HOfUCT. 


Total. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


39,097,000 


24,628,000 
2,018,000 

6,382,000 
1,592,000 
1,238,000 


1,221,000 


10,440,000 
455,000 
140,000 


26,000 


34,000 
3,3,000 
47,000 

9,516,000 
4,013,000 
376,000 

430,000 
127,000 
60,000 
57,000 


Value. 


82,787,000 


669,000 
2»i8,000 
216,000 
50,000 
42,000 


30,000 


18,000 
16.000 
11,000 


2,000 


1,300 
1,300 
2,600 

1,594,000 
358,000 
82,000 

64,000 
18,000 
1,600 
1,100 


Long  Island  Sound. 


QoantttT 
(pomds). 


5,349,000  8585,000 


Value. 


176.000 
4,400 
3,800 
40,000 
200 


7,000 
500 
200 

1,300 

(') 


93,000 


13,000 
6,600 


10,000 


4,400 

1,683,000 
2,979,000 
70^006 


18,000 


2,800 


1,100 
600 


300 


200 

232,000 
267,000 
16,000 

68,000 
1,000 


All  other  waters. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


.33,747,000 

24.3.51,000 
2.914,000 
6,378,000 
1,552,000 
1,238,000 


1,128,000 


Value. 


82.201.000 

662,000 

268,  an 

216,000 
58,000 
42,000 


28,000 


10,440,000 
442,000 
133,000 


16,000 


34,000 
33,000 
43,000 

7,833,000 
1,033,000 


4,800 
112,000 
80,000 
87,686 


18,000 
16,000 
11,000 


1,700 


1,300 
1,300 
2,400 

l,3(->2,000 
91,000 
67,000 

1,000 
16,000 
1,600 
1,100 


Quantity 
(poands). 


Vtkm. 


2,601,000 

2,601,000 


1,368.000 


1,064,000 


99,000 


57,000 

'i2,'666 


25,000 


7.700 

'i,'n6 


'LeMttUtnSlOO.  •  1,350,000  bushels.  >  573.000  l>ush(  Is.  •    *  47,000  buAels.  »  54.000  bushels. 

TAH.B  9.— NEW  YORK— FISHERY  PRODUCTS:  1908,  1898-99,  1890,  AND  1880. 


TtM. 


Fiih.. 


Bottnllaii  

Carp,  Goman  

Caffista  and  bullheads. 
Cod  


Eels  

Flounders. 
HerriE 
Me 
Pike  perch. 


Scop,  or  porsy . . . . . . 

Sea  nass  

Shaii  

Squeteague  

Sturgeon  and  caviar. 
AU  other  


1908 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Value. 


7i),  485, 000    «,  594, 000 


Oyston.. 

Clams.... 
Scallops. 
Lobster.. 


47,504,000 
3,191,000 
1,229,0(X) 
406,000 
247,000 
2,999,000 

736,000 
4,629,000 
2,046,000 
12,762,000 
2,001,000 

1,294,000 
723,000 
3tlO,000 
11,151,000 
113,000 

3,617,000 

»  17,244,000 
»  l,ti32,000 
» 650, 000 
423,000 
0,081,000 


1,5W>,000 
291,000 
64,000 
31,0011 
20,000 
99,000 

57,000 
141,000 
51,000 
22,000 
68,000 

4.5,000 
35,000 
27,000 

451,000 
23,000 

140,000 

2,553,000 
292,000 
98,000 
57.000 
27,000 


1898-99 


QuantitT 

(poands). 


Value. 


1806 


Qoaotity 
(poonds). 


Value. 


194,630,000 
11,214,000 
471.000 

297.000 
757, 000 
2,040,000 

521,000 
877,000 
3,408,000 
168,380,000 
1,030,000 

(Mo,  000 
311,000 
1,829.000 
2,077,000 
1,326,000 
4,638,000 

s  14,43i),0>X) 
'2,321,000 
"•653,000 
332,000 
6,085,000 


1,436,000 
387,000 
15,000 
12,000 
29,(100 
1,9.  (WH) 

34,000 
28,000 
47,000 


48,006 

14,000 
14,000 
63,000 
64,000 
106,000 
117,000 

1,985,000 
267,000 
63,000 
30,000 
16,000 


200, 559,  (KK) 

14.8.59,000  1 

161,736,000 
5,740,000 
424,000 

1,576,000. 
250,000 
13,000 

865,000 
1,939,000 

24,000 
79,000 

1,937,000 
1,576,000 
2,406,000 

8H,QI0 

110,000 
45.000 
tt.000 

341,000 
80^600  1 

.3ii9,000 
751,000 
3,777.000 
2,990,000 

a;36i,fl06 

7,116^606 

7,300 
41,000 
190,000 
117,000 
8^606 
176,000 

» 10,456,000 
'5,782,000 
u  606,000 
150,000 
15,838,000 

•-•.4.5,8,000 
711,000 
71.000 
15,000 
28,000 

333,523,000 


>4,381,000 


318,257,000 


2,212,000 
66,600 


3,680,000 

67,000 

381^061,686 

1.116,606 

2,734,000 
4,000,000 
1M,600 
18,886,680 

•  7,3fH,00(t 
•6,203,000 

137.000 
120,006 
<^68» 
68r,666 

1,577,000 
518,000 

188,000 
1,618,000 

6,106 
66,606 

12,463,000  bushels. 
>%062,000  bushels. 
*M81,60O  boriiais. 

7«7M«»— 11  14 


« 1,018,000  baohels. 
bushels. 


'  723.000  bushels. 
•  775,000  bushels. 
•8 


"0  82, 000  gallons, 
u  74,000  gaUoos. 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 

Table  10.— NEW  YORK— PRODUCTS  OF  SHORE  AND  BOAT  FISHERIES,  BY  DISTRICTS:  1908. 


Sea 

Suckeri 
Haddock 


nke  and  pickerel 


pick( 
hite. 


Trout,  brook. 
Hliitebait ... 


Mackerel  

Menhaden  

Whiting. 


Tautoc  

Mackerel,  thimble- 
eye"  1    . 

8eup,  orporgy  


^^caU  unpe. 
Trout,  lake... 
All  other  


Oywtea 


SeaOops. 

Oabs... 
Squid .  . 
Mussels. 


89.000 
90,000 
81,000 

JtS 

IS, 000 
197,000 

»>«• 

M.OOO  I 

9i.noo 

2,3i-.'.0iKt 
2b8,000 

$a,m» 
m,m 

as,  no 

5S000 
65,000 
95,000 
168,000 

76,000 
19,000 
14,000 
268,000 


»3. 430, 000 
♦2J«t),000 
1,236,000 


*220,000 
545,000 
189,000 

8,125,000 


9,600 
8,700 
7^800 

7'm» 

6,300 
5,500 
5,100 
4,900 
4,800 

4,fi00 
4,000 
3,700 
3,900 
3,500 

S>«0  I 

2,<KX) 
2,600 
2,200 
2,100 

1,400 

1,200 
1,100 
5,600 

601,000 

579.000 
22,000 
210,000 


8,100 
6,000 


1                               AnjURK  COiL9t  DlSIULf. 

«BAT  I.AXU  nmm. 

Lang^Mand 

1  

Total. 

LakaOirtarle. 

"  Quantity 

Vabie. 

1  Quactitv 
KDoaDdsi 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(poonds). 

Value. 

QmaMtj 

Value. 

1 

Quantity 
(poandB). 

Value. 



|ss,sn,wo 

11,004,000 

8,412,000 

$523,000 

23,965,000 

n,oso,ooo 

9  din  imn 

If  OOOyUUU 

#0/ jUUU 

o>sa,uuu 

AAA 
.«/4yUUU 

|17,900,080 

1  4,769.000 
1  3,408,000 
1.222,000 
551.000 
!|  1.407,000 

385.000 

M4,000 

235,000 
111,000 

64,000 
43,000 
39,000 

30,000 

6,679,000 

1,723,000 
1,812,000 

fui!i  Ann 

70,000 
15,000 

237,000 

79,000 
65,000 

4V.UUU 

6,000 

11,287,000 

3.  (Mo.  COO 
l,59t).000 
258,000 
481.000 

1 . 392, 000 

385,000 

457,000 

155.000 
45,000 
15,000 
37,000 

39,000 

30.  (XX) 

2,410,000 

130,000 

1,588,000 

57,000 

823,000 

74,000 

'     ^0. uuu 

1  QAA 

lUU 

44,  (XW 

A  500 

20,000 

500 
uuu 

IC.OOO 
480. UOC 

300 
18,000 

4,700 
183,000 

200 
12,000 

360,000 

27.666 

2.500 

300 

358,000 

27,000 

86,000 

Od  nnn 
UUU 

19,000 

944,000 
44,000 

24,000 
9,000 

OK  fWl 

42,000 

»,ooo 

27.000 

273,000 

109,000 
2(i8.000 
106.000 
,1  390.000 

i! 

Il  ^ 
90,000 

4.400 
22,000 

6.700 

19.0(X) 
ti.  100 
11.000 

100 
8,700 

o,(M0 

600 
t>,  oUU 

21.000 

,  no  tw\ 
liM,  (XKl 

109,000 

231,000 

tno  nnn 
lUOf  UUU 

300,000 

800 
90,000 

3,700 

16,000 

6,700 
16.000 
•  6,100 
11.000 

100 

8,000 

1315,000 

13,000 

14,000 

800 

122,000 

12,000 

s7,oeo 

3,100 

1    143, uuu 

5,900 

15,000 

400 

128.000 

5,400 

1 

CG  Ann 
w,  UUU 

y.  ouu 

800 

100 

8* , 000 

9, 400 

100 

(«) 

1  44.006 
654,000 

7,«» 
7,100 

14,000 
160,000 

2,300 
1,700 

30,000 
551,000 

%000 
5,300 

18,000 

6,300 

18,000 



0^300 

197,000 
(') 

34,000 

91,000 

80,000 
2,322,0(K) 
268,000 
26,000 
1  UO^OOO 

1  80^000 

.5>>.000 
55,000 
95,000 
168,000 

76,000 

5,500 
(') 

4,900 

4,800 

4,600 
4,  (XX) 
3,700 
1,400 
3,500 

s,ooe 

2,900 
2,600 
2,200 
2,100 

1,400 

11,000 

76, 000 

35,000 
1,100,0(X) 
135,000 

2(i,000 
103,000 

10,000 

28,000 
21,000 
77,000 
105,000 

15,000 

5,500 
(I) 

1,700 
3,900 

2,200 
1,400 
1,600 
1.40O 
2,800 

700 

1,200 
1,100 
1,300 
600 

400 

38,000 

5, 100 

1,800 

100 

flno 

UU^UUV 

0,  WW 

23,000 

u.rxx) 

45.000 

1,222,0'K) 
133,000 

3,200 

000 

2,500 
2.600 
2,100 



62,000 

2,200 

26,000 

1,100 

35,000 

1,100 

27,000 
CI,  000 

ao,ooo 

35,000 
18,000 
63,000 

60,000 

700 

2,400 

1,800 
1,500 
900 
1,500 

1,000 

1 

 1  



i9,666 

14,000 
47,000 

1,200 
1,100 
1,300 

100 

(') 

19,000 

(') 
(') 

700 

19,000 
14,000 
28,000 

1,200 
1,100 
600 

:  221,000 

1  

4,3(X) 

(.01.000 
579,  UX)  1 
22,000 
210^000 

35,000 
8,600 
8,100 
6,600 
700 

119,000 

1,000 

145,000 
143,000 
1,300 
91,000 
Ifl^OOO 

34,000 
100 

6,200 

102,000 

3,266 

457,000 
430,000 

21,000 
119,000 

20,000 

400 

S,500 

1,900 
6,600 
600  1 

3,430,000 
;  2b<j,000 
1,^,000 

220,000 
545,000 

189,000 
8,125,000 
66,000 

708,000 
21,000 

501,000 
76,000 

217,000 
5,400 
141,000 

2, 722,000 
2t»,000 
755,000 

2,sm 

540,000 

4S,000 

1 

8,125,000 
1.600 

 !  

63,000 

ioo  1 

1 

«;  

•Umi 


iSMOl 


*400LflOO 

<4Mooi 


•157,000  bushels. 
•27,000  gallons. 


FISHERIES, 

NOBTH  OABCXJHA. 

Among  the  states  in  which  commwcial  fishing  was 
pursued  in  1908,  North  Carolina  ranked  eleventh  in 
the  vahie  of  fiahery  products.  The  chief  fisliing 
grounds  of  the  state  were  Albemarle,  Pamlico,  and 
Core  Sounds,  and  their  tributary  rivers.  Among  the 
important  rivers  were  the  Cape  Fear,  New,  Roanoke, 
Shallotte,  Newport,  North,  and  Neuse.  Many  smaller 
sounds  and  rivers  also  contributed  to  the  fishery  prod- 
uct of  the  state. 

The  following  tabular  statement  gives  a  general 
summary  of  the  statistics  of  the  NorUi  Carolina  fish- 


eries in  1908: 

Number  of  pemMia  employed   9, 681 

Capital: 

VesoelB  sad  boata,  including  outiBt   $533, 000 

Apparatus  of  capture   367,000 

Shore  and  accessory  property  and  cash   370, 000 

Value  of  products  -  •  -  1, 776, 000 


Comimrison  with  'previous  canvasses. — In  prior  can- 
vasses of  the  fisheries  of  North  Carohna,  the  United 
States  Bureau  of  Fisheries  enumerated  among  the 
shoresmen  employees  of  the  canning  and  packing  indus- 
tries alHed  to  the  fishing  industry.  Tliese  are,  how- 
ever, excluded  in  the  following  tabular  statement, 
which  shows  the  g^eral  statistics  of  the  fishing  indus- 
try for  c«:tain  years: 


Persons 

em- 
Irioycd, 
excninve 
o(sbora»> 
HMO. 

VALUK  OF  EQLIPMENT. 

reODUCTS. 

Tout 

Vessels 
and 
boats, 
Including 
out&t. 

Appara- 
tus of 
capture. 

Quantity 
(poraids). 

Value. 

1008  

M02.  

1807.  

uao.  

1880.  

9,637 
11,592 
10,120 
7,«8 
4,729 

'  $901,000 
1,157,000 
1  7(>5,000 
1  634,000 
388.000 

8583,000 

583,000 

354,000 
288,000 
102,000 

8987,000 

674,000 

411,000 
346,000 
225,000 

101,422,000 

67,585.000 

(vj. 234. 000 
51,79<.»,fXX) 
32,2tt,000 

11,776,000 
1,740,000 
1.316,000 
1,028.000 
840,000 

An  increase  in  the  number  of  persons  employed  was 
diown  at  each  canvass  up  to  and  including  that  of 
1902,  and  this  was  accompanied  by  ino'eases  in  all  the 
other  items  given  in  the  above  statement.  From  1902 
to  1908,  however,  there  was  a  decline  in  the  number 
of  persons  employed  and  a  corresponding  decrease  in 
the  value  of  both  classes  of  equipment.  The  vessels 
engaged  in  fishing  and  transporting  show  a  decrease 
of  $79,000  in  value  since  1902.  Products,  on  the  other 
hand,  continued  to  in<»ease  in  both  quantity  and 
▼ahie. 

The  following  tabular  statement  distributes,  b}^ 
dass  of  fisheries,  the  number  of  persons  employed  in 
the  years  for  which  canvasses  have  been  made  from 
1880  to  1908: 


BY  STATES.  211 


FSBsom  BOLOTn,  EEGLuami  or 

TotaL  j 

fajwael 

On  trans- 
pott^ 

In  sliore 
egd^boat 

9.637 

080 

427 

8.571 

11,592 

1,100 

m 

10.059 

10,120 

455 

202 

9.4fi3 

7,478 

251 

175 

7.052 

7,180 

283 

110 

6.837 

6,003 

150 

138 

6,315 

6.243 

172 

140 

5,811 

4,729 

Persons  employed. — Tlie  distribution  of  the  persons 
employed  is  given  in  the  following  tabular  rtatement: 


nwBOHB  bio&otsd:  1808. 

Numljer. 

Salaries  and  wages. 

Total. 

Pro- 
prie- 
ion. 

Sala- 
ried 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 

1 

Wagie- 
eam- 
en. 

TotaL 

Sala- 
ries. 

Total.  

9,681 

■4,803 

3 

4,875 

1640,000 

11.800 

'8544,000 

Vessd  fidurieB  

Transportiiig  vessels. . 
Shore  and  boat  fisb- 

639 
427 

8,571 
44 

58 
113 

4,632 

2 

570 
314 

3.9:i>; 

81,000 
48,000 

■110.000 
6,900 

1,800 

48,080 
410.000 

a,oo» 

1 

(») 

■  Exclusive  of  214  |WLrirten  Mt  lUOag. 

*hu■,^v^cs  t>rovisioiltfnlliMdtotlMVriM«(tH^ 

>Less  than  5100. 


The  vessel  fisheries  gave  employment  in  1 908  to  only 
a  small  percentage  of  the  totnl  lunnber  of  persons  re- 
ported. The  sliore  and  boat  fisheries  are  credited  with 
8,571  persons,  or  89  per  cent  of  the  total  number, 
while  only  1,066,  or  11  per  cent,  were  engaged  in  the 
vessel  fisherira  and  on  the  toraiiBportii^  vessds.  Oafy 
44  shoresmen  wwe  reported.  By  far  tlie  larger  num- 
ber of  persons  reported  for  vessel  fisheries  and  trans- 
porting vessels  wea*e  wage-earners.  For  tlio  sliore  and 
boat  fislieries  of  North  Carohna  a  larger  proj)or(ion  of 
wage-earners  and  a  smaller  proportion  of  independent 
fishermen  were  reported  than  tm  the  same  dass  of  fish- 
eries in  other  states. 

Many  of  the  perscms  ODiployed  in  the  industry  fished 
only  a  part  of  the  year,  and  during  the  remainder  of 
the  time  engaged  in  farming  and  other  occupations. 

Equipment  and  otiber  capital. — The  next  tabular  state- 
ment gives  the  distribution,  by  class  of  investment, 
of  the  total  capital  employed  in  the  fisheries  of  Nmrth 
Cafidina. 

The  total  investment  in  1 008  in  fishing  and  trans- 
porting vessels  and  their  outfits  was  $282,000,  which 
was  greater  than  the  investment  in  boats  by  $30,000. 
The  value  of  vessels  and  apparatus  of  <  aj)ture  jiertain- 
ing  to  vessel  fisheries  was  only  $308,000,  or  uue-half 


SIS 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


•8  much  as  the  yalue  of  the  apparatus  of  capture  and 
boftte  used  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  idiich 
to  $593,000. 


indading  outfit . 


and 

Vessels 

Outnt . 


Vessels . 
Outfit.. 


Veatto . 

Ontfit . 


Vessels . 
Outfit .. 


AM9  aaam 

CARTAi:  IMS. 


Value. 


Sa,270.000 


Row  

Other  

AppMiUm^M^tute  

I  boat  flsbwies . 


282,000 
137,000 
W.OOO 

n,ooo 

■  9,500 
68,000 
54,000 
14,000 

145,000 
52.000 
35,000 
17,000 
93.000 
73.000 
20.000 

251,000 

118,000 
96,000 
33,000 
2,600 

367,000 
26,000 

341,000 

%«» 


Nombar.  TomiagB 


290 
99 
16 

2,815 
1,135 

aw 

M 

m 

» 

••s 

171 

1,4W 

4,984 
433 

2,272 

Tbe  inreslment  ni  apparatus  of  captaio  m  the  ehmre 

and  boat  fisdieries  was  nearly  thirteen  times  as  great  as 
that  in  the  vessel  fisheries.  The  importance  of  this 
item  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  in  1902  it  represented 
28  per  cent  and  in  1908,  27  per  cent  of  the  total  invest- 
ment in  the  fisheries  of  the  state.  The  decrease  from 
1908  to  lOQSin  therahw  of  theiBfeatmeiit  in  apparatus 
of  captme,  wfaieh  was  fnm  9574,000  to  9867,000,  is 
dutfgeable  entir^jr  to  tile  flhofe  and  boat  fisheries,  for 
the  value  of  the  apparatus  of  capture  naed  in  the  veaod 
fisherie.s  increast^d  more  than  S5,000. 

The  numbers  of  tlie  principal  kinds  of  apparatus  of 
capture  employed,  all  of  wliich,  except  16  gill  nets,  10 
ed  pots,  41  srines,  and  12  traps,  wen  used  in  flh«e  and 

i: 

FMmdiMii  i,m 

Seine?   1,588 

Shrimp  nets   45 

Stop  net*.   4 

Mink,  Miwkul,  and  otter 

traps   582 

Turtle  nets   149 

  25 


Cast  nets...   64 

Grab  nets   828 

DfpMli   40 

F>  ke  nets   416 

GUI  nets   42,225 

Harpoons,  spean^ete   64 

d  4^289 


IVadnrfi,  lyy  speciet.—'nm  fishery  prodncto  of  the 
state,  dktribntod  by  speciea  and  by  upipmnUm  of  eap- 
taie,  are  shown  in  Table  1,  on  page  215. 

The  product  of  the  North  Carolina  fisheries  included 
more  than  40  species  of  fish,  besides  frogs,  crabs, 
shrimp,  terrapin,  turtles,  clams,  and  oysters ;  the  skins 
of  mink,  muskrats,  and  otter;  whalebone  and  whale 
dl;  and  tin  Mdes  and  efl  of  porp(MMa 

Of  the  important  prodnds,  shad,  oystcvs,  maDet, 
and  clams  showed  large  decreases  in  1908  in  both  quan- 
tity and  value.  Almost  the  entire  increase  in  the  total 
quantity  of  products  is  accounted  for  by  the  unpreee- 


dsnted  size  of  the  menhaden  catch.  Although  this 
amounted  to  40,000,000  pounds  more  than  in  1902,  it 
caused  an  increase  in  value  of  only  940,000.  While 

the  catches  of  some  of  the  other  species  increased  in 
both  quantity  and  value,  the  increase  in  the  total  value 
for  the  state  was  due  chiefly  to  the  general  increase  in 
the  price  per  pound  received  for  fishery  products. 

In  the  following  tabular  statement  the  quantity  and 
▼idue  reported  far  some  of  the  imfXHrtant  products  are 
given  far  1902  and  1906: 


Shad  

Oysters  

Squetragiw 

Mullet  

Alewives... 

Clams  

Menhaden. 


flUBUT  noooen. 

QuantitT 
(poonda). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Vain*. 

S,  MS,  000 

5,690,000 
4,635,000 
5,070,000 

10,928,000 
726,000 

57,412,000 

$373,000 

236,000 
200.000 
175,000 
140.000 
82,000 
70,000 

0,567,000 

7.1fi0,000 
'  3.781,00f) 
0,705.000 
11,173,000 
;  1,175,000 
18,M3,«W 

$385,000 

268.000 
156.000 
188,000 
116,000 
87,000 

«.«. 

The  total  weight  of  the  1908  product  was  101 ,422,000 
pounds  and  its  total  value  SI, 776,000.  The  40  species 
of  fish  reported  contributed  94,133,000  pounds,  valued 
at  $1,406,000,  or  94  per  cent  of  the  weight  and  79  par 
ocDtoftlMirahwi  Mud  cottilitatod  tha  moat  valuable 
product  and  oysters  ranked  seeond,  the  value  of  the 
former  being  $373,000,  or  21  per  cent  of  the  total  value 
reported,  and  that  of  the  latter  $236,000,  or  13  per  cent 
of  the  total  value.  Three  species  of  fish — squeteague, 
mullet,  and.  alewives — for  which  values  of  $206,000, 
$175,000,  and  $140,000,  respectively,  were  reported, 
ranked  neactmimpcMrtance.  For  no  other  product  was 
a  value  as  great  as  $100,000  reported;  but  dams  worth 
$82,000  were  taken,  and  crabs  and  16  species  of  fish 
each  added  from  $10,000  to  $70,000  to  the  total  value 
of  the  product. 

Products,  by  doss  of  fisheries. — The  products  of  the 
e^re  and  boat  fiaheries  and  of  the  vessel  fisheries  are 
given  in  detaO,  by  species  and  apparatus  of  capture,  in 
Tables  2  and  3,  on  pages  216  and  217,  respectively. 

The  next  tabular  statement  distributes,  by  species, 
arranged  in  the  order  of  value,  the  total  value  of 
-products  for  the  stato  as  a  whole  and  for  each  class  of 
fisheries. 

The  catch  of  the  shoie  and  boat  fisheries  aggregated 
45,556,000  pounds,  or  44  per  cent  of  the  total  wei^t, 

and  was  valued  at  $1,613,000,  or  91  per  cent  of  the 
total  value  of  the  fishery  products  of  the  stato.  Shad 
contributed  22  per  cent  of  the  total  value  reported 
for  this  class  of  fisheries,  representing  a  larger  per- 
centage of  the  value  than  any  other  species.  Sque- 
teague, mullet,  and  oysters  each  furnished  more  than 
10  per  emA  at  the  total  vahie. 

The  catch  of  the  venel  fidieries  was  55,865,000 
pounds,  or  55  per  cent  of  the  total  quantity  for  the 
stato;  but  its  value  waa  only  $163,000,  or  9  per  cent 


FISHER] 


BY  STATES. 


213 


<rf  the  total  value.  The  values  of  the  menhaden  and 
oyster  products  each  formed  about  40  per  <'eiit  of  the 
value  reported  for  vessel  fisheries.  Next  to  these  the 
most  valuable  product  was  shad,  which  had  a  value  of 
$13,000,  or  8  per  cent  of  the  value  credited  to  this 
daas  of  fisheries. 


Total. 


Fish  

Shad  

Squeteague  

Mullet  

Alewives  

Menhaden  

Bluefish  

Perch,  white  

Black  l)ass  

Striped  bass  

Spanish  mackeni.... 

Croaker  

Butterfish  

Kin^'fLsh.  or  wbtttalg  , 

Hickory  shad  

nooBMn  

Spot  

Perch,  yellow  , 

Pigflsh  , 

Sheepshead  

Catfish  

All  other  


AH  Other. 


T4UJS  or  woDocw: 


Total. 


$1,776,000 


1,406,000 
373,000 
206,000 
175,000 
140,000 
70,000 
45,000 
44,000 
40,000 
36,000 
34,000 
31,000 
29,000 
28,000 
20,000 
16,000 
16,000 
14,000 
14,000 
12,000 
11,000 
52,000 
236,000 
82,000 


Vessel 
fisheries. 


$163,000 


99,000 
13,000 
5,200 
1,400 
4,700 
66,000 
700 


500 
1,300 
500 


1,000 
500 

aoo 
aoo 


700 

(') 

2,400 
64,000 


(«) 


Shore  aod 

boat 
fisheries. 

$1,613,000 


1,307,000 
360,000 
201,000 
173,000 
136,000 
4,200 
45,000 
44,000 
40,000 
36,000 
33,000 
31,000 
29,000 
27,000 
20,000 
16,000 
15,000 
14,000 
14,000 
11,000 
11,000 
49,000 
172,000 
82,000 

HOW 

18,000 


>  Less  than  SlOO. 

The  value  of  fish  proper  constituted  81  per  cent  of 
the  total  value  of  the  catch  in  the  case  of  shore  and 
boat  fisheries  and  61  per  cent  in  the  case  of  vessel 
fisheries.  Two-thirds  of  the  value  of  the  fish  taken  in 
the  reaaetl  fiahems  sepreaented  the  vahie  of  menhaden. 

Products,  hy  appmrntiu  cf  capfwre. — ^The  following 
tabular  statement  shows  the  distribution  by  appa- 
ratus of  capture,  arranged  in  the  order  of  the  value  of 
their  catch,  of  the  total  value  of  products,  for  the 
state  as  a  whole  and  for  each  class  of  fisheries : 


KIND  OF  AFPAKATUS. 

▼Aune  or  iwmocn:  1W8. 

Vend 
llriMfte. 

Shore  and 

boat 
flnhfrico. 

tl|  778,000 

8108,000 

81,613,000 

591,000 
391,000 
376,000 
307,000 
29,000 
21,000 
16,000 
46,000 

96,000 
700 

e«,ooo 

495,000 
391,000 
375,000 
243.000 
29.000 
18,000 
16,000 
4«i000 

Gill  nets  .7.  

Uoea  

2,500 

(') 

The  products  caught  by  seines  contributed  a  larger 
|Murt  of  the  w^it  and  value  of  the  total  fishery  prod- 
ucts than  those  taken  by  any  other  form  of  apparatus. 
Their  value  constituted  33  per  cent  of  the  total  value 
of  all  products  and  their  weight  70  per  cent  of  the 
total  quantity.  The  chief  species  caught  by  seines 
were  mullet,  squeteague,  menhaden,  black  bass,  ale- 
wives, and  i^ad.  Slightly  more  than  five-sixths  of 


the  value  of  the  products  takea  by  this  form  of  appa- 
ratus was  secured  from  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 

On  tlie  basis  of  the  value  of  the  product  taken, 
pound  nets,  trap  nets,  and  weirs  formetl  the  next  most 
important  class  of  fishing  apparatus.  Since  1880, 
whm  only  117  pound  n^  were  used,  this  kind  of 
apparatus  has  ineraased  in  importance,  untfl  in  1906, 
3,997  pound  nets,  trap  nets,  and  wrira  were  in  use. 
The  value  of  the  product  obtained  by  pound  nets,  in- 
cluihng  the  comparatively  small  quantities  taken  by 
trap  nets  and  weirs,  amounted  to  S.391,000,  or  22  per 
cent  of  the  value  of  all  fishery  products.  These  forms 
of  apparatus  woce  used  only  in  the  shoite  and  boat 
fisheries  and  prindpafly  in  the  captma  of  AmA  and 
alewives. 

Gill  nets  ranked  second  in  importance  with  respect 
to  the  value  of  the  product  taken  in  1902  and  tliird 
in  1908.  They  were  of  little  consequence  in  the 
vessel  fisheries,  but  were  extensively  used  in  the  shore 
and  boat  fisheries  fw  catching  shad,  squeteague, 
mallet,  hhiefish,  and  nmneraus  less  important  aperies. 
Dredges,  tongs,  and  rakes  yielded  a  {MToduct  valued  at 
$307,000,  which  consisted  of  c4ams,  oysters,  and  crabs. 
Crab  nets,  lines,  and  bow  nets  followed  in  rank  accord- 
ing to  the  value  of  product  taken.  The  use  of  crab 
nets  and  bow  nets  was  confined  to  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries,  to  ^diich  88  per  cent  of  the  vahie  of  the  catch 
by  lines  is  also  credited.  With,  fyke  nets  various  spe- 
cies of  fish,  having  a  total  value  of  S8^600,  wen  tafcHi 
in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 

Shad. — Shad  has  always  been  the  chief  product  of 
the  fisheries  of  North  Carolina,  and  in  1908  the  total 
catch  was  3,942,000  pounds,  valued  at  $373,000.  This 
catch,  however,  contributed  only  4  per  cent  of  the 
total  weight  and  21  per  cent  of  the  total  vahw  of  the 
fishery  prodvcts  of  the  state.  Hie  faaattty  wna  40 
per  cent  less  than  in  1902,  but  the  value  was  only  3 
per  cent  less  than  in  that  year.  In  1902  the  state 
ranked  lirst  in  the  shad  catch,  reporting  6, .567, 000 
pounds,  valued  at  $385,000;  but  in  1908  it  was  out- 
ranked by  Virgmia,  both  in  the  quantity  and  the  value 
of  shad  taken. '  Of  the  total  velue  of  the  catdi<^  shad, 
96  per  cent  was  that  of  product  obtained  in  the  Aon 
and  boat  fisheries,  principally  by  means  of  pound  nets 
ami  gill  nets,  though  to  some  extent  by  seines  and 
other  apparatus.  The  cjuantity  caught  in  the  vessel 
fisheries,  representing  4  per  cent  of  the  value,  was 
obtained  entirely  by  the  use  of  seines  and  gill  nets. 
Ttaa  fidi  was  takem  duefly  in  Cape  Fear  River  and  its 
tributaries,  in  Pamlico,  Croatan,  Roan^,  and  Albe- 
marle Sounds,  and  in  the  riven  tribwtaiy  to  then 
sounds. 

Oysters. — The  pyster  yield  ranked  second  in  value, 
the  total  product  m  1908  being  813,000  bushels, 
valued  at  $236,000.   This  rqnesents  a  decreaw,  as 

compared  with  1902,  when  1,023,000  bushels  wen 
obtained,  having  a  value  of  $268,000.  The  average 
price  per  bushel,  however,  increased  from  26  cents  in 
1902  to  30  cents  in  1908.    Very  little  progress  has  been 


n4 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1906. 


made  iu  the  cultivation  of  oysters  in  North  Carolina. 
The  yield  from  private  areas  in  1908  was  only  11,000 
bushels,  valued  at  $7,600.  The  following  tabular 
pf— entu  statistics  in  lespect  to  the  yidd  of 
IMS: 


TotaL  , 

Maftet  

FtompubUc  areas 


OY-STEB 

1908. 


(ttS:  value. 


813,000  »236,000 


754,000 


744,000 

59.000 


ft7.O0O 


227,000 


220,000 

8,800 


8,fi00 


TkB  total  yidd  <rf  seed  oystcis  from  puMic  and  pri- 
vate areas  in  1908  was  only  59,000  boshels,  valued  at 
$8,800,  of  which  value  So, 000  represents  the  value  of 
oysters  taken  in  the  vessel  fisheries.  The  total  yield 
of  oysters  from  public  areas  was  801,000  bushels, 
valued  at  $228,000,  or  99  per  cent  of  the  quantity 
•ad  97pcr€Wtof  th»Tahie  cf  the  total  yield  for  the 
state.  Oyrter fishing  was  pursued  mtimfy  as  ashore 
and  boat  fishoy,  only  27  per  cent  of  the  total  Talue 
of  the  oywtm  pffodaet  bsii^  ohtained  in  the  vessel 
fisheries. 

Squeteague. — ^The  catch  of  squeteague,  which  ranked 
third  in  importance  in  1908  with  respect  to  value, 
iMnased  from  3,781,000  pounds,  vahied  at  $156,000, 
in  1902,  to  4,«35,000  pomidB»  'vahied  ai  $206,000,  in 
1 908.  New  York  and  New  Jersey  were  the  only  states 
which  had  a  larger  and  more  valuable  catch  of  this  fish 
than  North  Carolina;  Florida  had  a  product  slightly 
larger,  but  of  smaller  value.  Ninety-six  per  cent  of 
the  total  value  reported  for  North  Carolina  was  that  of 
product  taken  in  the  ahom  and  boat  fisheries;  and  in 
thssdassof  fisheries  seines,  poimd  nets,  and  ipU  nets 
nacounted  for  aU  except  4  per  cent  of  the  value.  Prac- 
HeaUy  all  of  the  value  of  the  catch  (over  d9  per  eent) 
Was  that  of  product  sold  fresh. 

Mxdlet. — ^Zuullet  ranked  fourth  in  value  among  the 
iishc  ry  products  of  North  Carolina.  The  catch  of  this 
state,  together  with  the  mndi  kiger  eateh  of  Florida, 
■aprasMited  90  per  cent  of  the  vahie  of  the  mullet 
caught  in  the  United  States.  The  quantity  taken  in 
North  Cardinal  in  190S,  though  smaller  than  that  taken 
in  1902,  was  greater  than  the  catch  in  any  previous 
year.  In  1908  the  mullet  product  amounted  to 
5,070,000  pounds,  valued  at  $175,000,  and  in  1902  to 
6,705,000  pounds,  Tahwd  at  $188,000.  Less  than  1 
per  eent  of  the  maDet  catch  of  1908  was  reported  by 
the  TBBsel  fishwiBS.  Seines  and  gin  nets  were  used  in 
iSm  mflbam  ol  nearly  the  antin  pioduct.  The  fisher- 


men sold  54  per  cent  of  the  fish  fresh  and  the  remainder 
salted.  A  little  of  the  roe  (800  pounds)  was  salted  and 
sold  separately. 

Akwwea. — ^The  total  alewife  product  in  1908  waa 
10,928,000  pounds,  Tshied  at  $140,000,  and  was  tiie 
smallest  quantity  recorded  since  1880,  when  15,520,000 
pounds  were  taken.  In  1902  the  catch  was  1 1, 173,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $116,000,  and  in  1897  it  was 
15,790,000  pounds,  valued  at  $127,000.  Since  1897 
this  fish  appears  to  have  been  less  abundant.  Like 
shad,  it  was  cat^t  mostly  in  the  fredi  waters;  and 
97  per  cent  of  the  vahie  <^  the  catch  was  contributed 
by  the  product  <rf  dhcnre  and  boat  fisheries.  Of  the 
total  value,  73  per  cent  represented  the  value  of  the 
catch  with  pound  nets  and  the  remainder  the  value 
of  that  with  seines,  gill  nets,  fyke  nets,  and  miscella- 
neous apparatus.  Nearly  two-thirds  of  the  alewife 
product  was  sold  fresh;  and  with  the  exception  of 
a  small  quantity  (1,200  pounds)  whidi  was  smdtod, 
the  balance  was  sold  salted. 

Menhaden. — Of  the  states  showing  a  menhaden 
catch,  North  Carolina  ranked  third  in  respect  to  quan- 
tity of  product  and  fourth  in  respect  to  value,  and  was 
the  most  southern  state  in  which  this  fish  was  taken  in 
any  quantity.  The  catch  of  1908—57,412,000  pounds, 
vdued  at  $70,000 — was  larger  than  that  erf  any  pre- 
vious year,  aiMi  showed  an  increase  since  1902  of  more 
than  204  per  cent  in  quantity  and  125  per  cent  in 
value.  In  1902  the  catch  was  18,862,000  pounds, 
valued  at  $31,000,  which  was  at  that  time  the  largest 
that  had  ever  been  taken  in  the  state.  This  fish, 
though  representing  but  4  per  cent  of  the  value  of  all 
fishery  products  of  the  state,  oonatituted  57  per  cent 
of  the  total  quantity.  The  catdi  was  obtained  almost 
wholly  in  the  vessel  fisheries,  menhaden  contributing 
41  per  cent  of  the  total  value  and  96  per  cent  of  the 
total  quantity  reported  for  this  class  of  fisheries.  Of 
the  total  value  of  the  menhaden  catch,  only  $4,200,  or 
6  per  cent,  was  reported  fnnn  the  diore  and  boat 
fisheries.  The  entire  <»tdi  in  the  reesd  fidieries  was 
secured  by  semes,  but  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries, 
though  seines  were  the  chief  apparatus  used,  about 
one-fourth  of  the  catch  was  taken  with  gill  nets  and 
pound  nets. 

Other  prodiicts. — Laige  increases  since  1902  were 
shown  in  the  quantity  and  Talue  of  crabs,  bhiefish,  and 
Spanish  mack«nd.   On  the  othor  hami,  dams,  black 

bass,  striped  bass,  croakers,  and  other  minor  species 
each  showed  a  decrease  from  the  catch  taken  in  1902. 
The  quantity  of  white  perch  increased  from  941,000 
pounds  in  1902  to  993,000  pounds  in  1908,  but  the 
price  per  pound  decreased  so  that  the  total  value  was 
only  $44,000  in  1908,  as  compared  with  $63,000 in  1902. 
Thk  state  ranked  first  m  its  catch  of  white  perdi, 
which  contributed  32  per  cent  of  the  Talue  ot  all  whitd 
perch  takm  in  the  United  States. 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES.  «W 


Table  1.— NORTH  CAROLINA— FISHERY  PRODUCTS:  1908. 


■raoo. 

TOTAL.  j 

nOOUCT  CAUGHT  BY— 

Pound  nets,  tnv 
nets,  and  wdiB. 

Offlnets. 

f  itnnn 

Fyteaata. 

AU  Other  apiMk- 
ntoE.' 

Quantity 
(pomidt). 

Value. 

Qaantitv 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pouBds). 

value. 

Quantitv 
(pomdi). 

101,422,00U 

$1,770,000 

71,069,000 

$591,000 

14,040,000 

$391,000 

7,733,000 

$376,000 

574,000  $21,000  231,000 

$8,600 

7,774,000 

8380,000 

rui: 

10,988,000 
Stl,000 

1,256,000 
11,000 
1,302,000 

228,000 
604,000 
1,177,000 
101,000 

»a,OH> 

258,000 
403,000 
377,000 
1,200 
817,000 

57,412,000 

53,000 
5,070,000 
800 
993,000 

360,000 
476,000 

60,000 
373,000 

U.OOO 

39, m) 

72,000 
3,942,000 
249,000 
6,000 

13,000 
457,000 
QUO  nnn 

4,635,000 
24,000 

610,000 
02,000 
03,000 

165,000 
7,200 

5,400 
277,000 
113,000 
371,000 

7,7«» 

23,000 
4  726,000 

>  5,209,000 

•66,000 

'401,000 

•14,000 

200 
•100 
■•500 

48,000 
21,000 

tt7,a» 

140,000 
40,000 

45,000 
200 
29,000  1 

7,000  ' 
11,000 
31,000 

1,400 

7,aoo 

6,600 
16,000 
20,000 
100 
28,000 

70,000 

1,300 

175,000 
100 
44,000 

14,000 
14,000 
3,100 
4,300 
700 

1,800 
3,200 
373,000 
12,000 
100 

300 
34,000 

a»,ooo 

1,000 

36,000 
6,400 
2,000 
5,600 
200 

900 
33,000 
1,100 
9,000 
1,800 

700 
82,000 

220,000 

7,  aoo 

8,  a» 

300 

300 

2,491,000 
455,000 
555,000 

34,000 
35,000 
20,000 

8,085,000 
2(),(H1.I 

8;},ixx) 

9,500 
1,084,000 

20,000 
221,  (X)0 
22.1,000 
10,000 
82,000 

6,100 
80,000 
176,000 

102,000 
2,200 
2,500 
200 
24,000 

000 

4,300 
12,0(X) 
100 
1,000 

200 
4,100 
9,500 

164,000 
8,100 

601,000 
1.100 

120,000 

5,S00 
2J<,0<X) 
280,000 

1,100 
4B,«00 

2,200 

24,000 
15,0<X) 
1,700 

300 
1,200 
100 

165,000 

1,600 

Blueflsh  

Bonito  

000 
22,000 
(') 

2,200 

200 

600 
4,700 

1,200 

7,500 
15,000 

400 
500 

98,000 

154,000 
li>l,000 
020,000 
53,000 
213,000 

2,500 
256,000 
167,000 

1,200 
293,000 

56,465,000 

2,900 
3,486,000 
800 
452,000 

227,000 
315,000 
51,000 
208,000 
4,200 

34,000 
1,100 
401,000 
219,000 

3,100 

4,000 
3,800 
14,000 
600 
4,600 

100 
10,000 

9,000 
100 
9,600 

69,000 

100 

124,  (XX) 
100 
19,000 

9,600 
8,600 
2,300 
2,300 
300 

1,700 

(») 
34,000 
10,000 

1 

1,100 
400 

20O 

5,200 
1,000 

600 

Carp,  Oerman  

Daptab,  or  bowflo  

Dia%ailHrat«r  

8,400 
37,000 
45,000 

1,800 
17,800 

2,200 
2,800 
400 

300 

1,200 

<m 

100 
400 

(«) 
100 

(«) 

6,300 
20,000 

100 
30,000 

800 

600 
300 
100 

200 
400 

(•) 
300 

(») 

36,000 
16,000 
400 
6,300 
1,808 

247,000 
33,000 
10,000 

Jewflsh  

31,000 
23,000 

1,100 
1,100 

Kingflsh,  or  whiting... 

15,000 

311,000 

49,000 
8,000 

400 

600 

1,200 
4(X) 

480,000 
636,000 

17,000 
600 

19,000 

700 

4,000 

100 

500 

(') 

Mooolkdi  (angaMbh, 

600 

(*) 

1,536,000 

49,000 

3,000 

100 

36,000 

1,400 

Mullet  roe,  salted  

365,000 

97,000 
3,000 
14,000 
128,000 
5,900 

17,000 

3,300 
100 
700 

408 

87,000 

21,000 
107,000 

2,400 
41,000 

1,000 

100 
2,000 
1,887,000 
17,000 

3,400 

1,000 
3,200 
100 
700 
100 

(») 
100 
186,000 
700 

8,800 

2,300 
80,000 

400 
100 

75,000 

13,000 
100 
1,100 

3,800 
600 

8 

4,800 

300 
300 
(•) 

200 

i 

40O 

5,0(X) 
68,000 

200 
3,100 

Shad  

1,660,000 
11,000 
6,000 

144,000 

500 
100 

0,800 

r,900 
(•) 

1,400 

100 

Snapper..... .........  ■ 

Squeteague  

Strawberry  bass  and 

13,000 
2,.30O 
16,000 
228,000 

2,600 

6,200 

300 
200 
600 
7,900 

100 

500 

103,000 
584,000 
2,428,000 

6,800 

177,000 
34,000 
39,000 

113,000 

2,lt00 

8,400 
10,000 

m,ooo 

300 

12,000 
3,S00 
1,(XX) 
3,700 
100 

143,000 
34,000 
873,000 

5,600 

215,000 
21,000 
9,700 
14,000 
800 

8,500 
600 
32,000 

200 

15,000 
1,800 
400 
600 
(') 

208,000 

1,090,000 

1,400 

38,000 
6,000 
11,000 
13,000 
3,200 

17,000 
4,600 
81,000 

100 

2,700 
800 
600 
000 
100 

800 
200 
0,000 

7,700 

2,400 

100 

(») 

300 
200 

200 
400 
12,800 

200 

71,000 
800 
3,200 
300 

(•) 
(*) 

5,700 
100 
100 

200 
9,900 
300 

400 

(») 

14.000 

200 

5,400 
276,000 

2,900 
S88,000 

3,200 

13,000 
< 726,000 

•88,088 

'  401,000 

» 14,000 

200 
•100 
U880 

900 
33,000 
200 
7,700 
808 

njm 

08.888 
7,888 

8,500 

300 

300 
808 
888 
188 

700 
49,000 
42,000 
4,300 

9,800 

100 
4)0 
1,300 
1,200 

300 

1 

55,000 

400 

6,000 

200 

600 

(*) 

Itanvki —  

200 
700 

100 

(*) 

TarttH  

Clams,  hard  

.  .    .  1  

Oysters, market .  from  pul)- 
lic  areas  

Oysters,  market,  from  pri- 
vate areas   

Oysters,  seed,  from  public 

Oyitm,  aaed,  from  private 

Whatobooe  

500 
800 
100 
1,000 
2,200 
400 

'  1 

1 

Skins,  mnskrat  

i 

i 

48,000 
21,000 

1,000 
2,200 

u 7,808 

>  meindes  apparatus,  with  estch,  as  flsOows:  Dredgse,  tongs,  etc.,  5,907,000  pounds,  valued  at  8307,000;  crab  nets,  245,000  pounds,  valued  at  829,000;  bow  nets,  288.008 
pounds,  valued  at  $Ui,(XX):  shrimp  nets,  328,000  pounds, valued  at  $7,700;  pots,  243,000  poimds,  valued  at  S5,100:  harpoons,  snenr^.  etc.,  51,0(X)  pounds,  valued  at  $2,800;  owt 
nets,  40,0(K)  poim'is,  valued  at  $1,900;  wheels  and  slides,  123,000  pounds,  valued  at  $1.!X)0:  dip  nets, 14,000  pounds,  vahied  at  Sl.Jixi;  mink,  niusk-rat,  and  otter  traps,  888 
pounds,  valued  at  $1  .m);  turtle  nets,  14,000  pounds,  valued  at  $400;  stop  nets,  0,4(X)  pounds,  valued  st  $300;  and  minor  apparatus,  530,000  pounds,  valued  at  $14,000. 
»  Less  than  $1 IV).  * 91,(MI'i  hiishels.  «  9,5(X)  liushels.  »  2,000  hushefa.  I'l  icviskm^ 

•  Less  than  100  pounds.  •  744,000  bushels.  '  67/)00  bushels.  •200skins.  » 1,UUU  gallons. 


lit 


flSilElUKB  OF  THE  JJKfTED  STATES,  1906. 

Table  2.— iNORTH  CAROLINA— PRODUCTS  OF  SHORE  AND  BOAT  FISHERIES:  1908. 


tt,  568,000 


ves,  fredi 
Alewives. 

smokea.. 
Angel  fish.. 
Black  bass. 


wad 


Dnnn 

Seb  

Iloanders 


Harrast  fish  

mekory  shad,  fresh. . 
rdttd,  salted. 


Menhaden  

Mattet,  fresh  

IMkt,  salted  

IMIet  roe,  salted. 
Perch,  white  


j«ilow. 


SaOor's  chain. . . 

Sea  bass  

Shal  

ahuepahaad  


SpanttBl 

Spot  

Squeteague.  fresh. . 
Squeteague,  salted. 

BUawbaiy  bass 

crsppie  

Striped  ba 

Sturgeon. 
Suckers. . . 
Sonflah.. . 


and 


GnSlhart 
^SaliSc 


Whalebone. 
Skfais,  mink. 


flkJns,  attar. 

Porpoise 
Porpoise 


<taaDtt^ 


SI, 613, 000 


7,257,000 

3,204.000 
52.000 
511,000 
1,235,000 

i.m 

11.000 
1,230,000 
227,000 


i,i4i,on 

101,000 

343.000 
257,000 
396,000 

72,000 
354,000 
17,000 


3,918,000 
3,146,000 
l,83S,flOO 
800 

992.000 

.360.000 
474.000 

68,000 
S71,000 

11,000 

34,000 
31,000 
3,808,000 
232,000 

•,m 


Value. 


Ogars,  BMitot,  pab- 
Oysters,  markat^  iMiiirt- 


835.000 
4.454.000 
14,000 


24.000 
502.000 
62.000 
63,000 
164,000 

7,m 

5.400 
113,000 

2n,ooo 


7,780 
23,000 

«  726,000 

4,088.000 
« 66, 000 
'186,000 

•H,ooe 

200 
•100 
MSOO 

(*) 

48.000 
"  21,000 
>*7,»0 


83,000 

53,000 
1,300 
40,000 
44,000 
MO 

200 
28,000 

1,400 

7.200 
5,.'i00 
16,000 

1,300 
19,000 
1,000 


4,200 
03,000 
80,000 
100 

44,000 

14,000 
14.000 
3,200 
4,300 
700 

1,700 
1,200 
360,000 
11,000 


200 

33,000 

15.000 
200.0(JO 
600 


1.000 

36,000 
6.400 
2.000 
5,600 


900 
1,100 
33,000 

i,m 

TOO 

82,000 

161,000 
7,300 


300 
500 

no 

1.000 
2,200 
400 


CAC 


'  wr— 


SaiiMa. 

Poundnet^,^^p 

omneU. 

Lines. 

Fyke  nets. 

All  other  appa- 

IBtUS.> 

QnantitT 
(podnds). 

Value. 

Qoaatity 
(pooads). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pooada). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(poonda). 

Valoa. 

Quantity 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

16,612,000 

1495,000 

14,040,000 

8391,000 

7,719,000 

8375,000 

519,000 

118,000 

231,000 

88,600 

6,436,000 

t.325.000 

1,347,000 

678.000 
2.900 
455,000 
535,000 

19,000 

11.000 
100 
35,000 
19,000 

5,587.000 

26.000 
83,000 

61,000 

2, 200 
2,500 

146,000 
ifi  nnn 

1,900 

OUv 

onn 

1  ^  nnn 
lOOf uuu 

in  nnn 

1  joa 

7,700 
600,000 

600 
22,000 

15,000 

500 

15,000 

1  Tfirt 
If  /UU 

1,200 
inn 

1,0B,«00 

m,m 

225,000 
10,000 

62.000 
5.100 
80,000 

52,000 
176,000 

100 

%m 

12,000 
100 

l.OOO 
20O 
4,100 

1,000 
0,500 

1  nnn 
100,000 
LfiOO 

3|ii» 

280,000 
1,100 
49,000 

1,900 
300 

m 

4,700 
(') 

1,200 

1  98,000 
153,000 

504,000 

.'13,000 

213.000 
2,500 
250,000 

3,100 

13,000 
600 

4.600 
100 
9,800 

8,400 
37,000 

45,000 
1.800 

17.000 
2,200 
9  finn 

300 
1,300 

900 

100 

400 

(') 
inn 

5,300 
30,000 

100 
30,000 
800 
600 
ano 

200 

m 

(») 

300 
(») 

35,000 
U>000 

400 

5,300 

1,500 
246,000 
33,000 

1,100 

30O 

(») 

5,200 
1,000 

30,000 

20,000 
23,000 

1,100 

300 
1,100 

144,000 
17,000 

2.971,000 
1,876,000 
1,668,000 
•  800 
4.11  nnn 

227  000 
313! 000 
51  000 
2OliO0O 
4,200 

34  OOO 
lilOO 
269  000 

'XY}  (MM) 

7,600 
1,000 

8,«W 

3,100 
56,000 
67,000 
100 

10  (VV) 

9  600 
8^500 
2  300 
2^200 
ann 

1  TTlft 

(') 

20  000 
a' Am 

400 

if) 

100 

10  000 

15,000 

oil  1  Mnf 

8,000 

480 

inn 
400 

«B.'«0 

nnn 
1,242,000 
288,000 

17,000 

600 
37,000 
12,000 

»,oao 

700 

A  oaa 

800 

m 

3,000 

100 

17.000 
19.000 

600 
900 

97.000 
.'i!000 

14  000 
128^000 
5,900 

17  nno 

3  300 
'lOO 

TOO 
1,400 
400 

87.000 

20  000 
107i000 
2  200 

4i!ooo 

1  000 

3  400 

900 
3,200 
100 
700 
100 

8,800 

2  300 
5oi00O 

400 

100 
2,200 

75,000 

13,000 
100 
1,100 

3,800 

500 
(») 

4,800 

300 
300 
(») 

200 

8 

(») 

400 

(') 

2,000 
1.8S.5.000 

17  nnn 

100 
18*1, 0(X) 
700 

28,000 

1.100 

1  164  ono 
11  nnn 

144  000 
(Ml/ 

6,500 

600 

78,000 
100 

7,900 
(*) 

1,400 

100 

8  000 
'goo 
16.000 
227iO0O 

200 
100 
500 
7,800 

85.000 

2,255,0(X) 
6,400 

6,800 
169,000 
34.000 
.39,000 
113,000 
3,900 

7,100 

109.000 
300 

300 
12.000 
3.800 
1.000 
3,700 

100 

873,000 

Ann 
32,000 

1,083,000 
7,800 

1.400 
38.000 

5.700 
11,000 
12,000 

8,300 

17  nnn 
4  500 
5l!000 
400 

100 
2.700 
800 
500 
600 
100 

800 
200 
6,000 

100 
300 

200 
400 
11.000 
200 

200 
71,000 
800 
3,200 
300 

<*\ 

V  / 

(») 

500 
(•) 

(') 

5,700 
100 
100 

(*) 

5.500 
215,000 
21.000 
9.  700 
14,000 
800 

200 
15.000 
1,800 
400 
600 
(») 

2,600 
6,200 

100 
500 

7,700 
2,400 

300 
200 

200 
9,900 

aoo 

(») 
400 

(») 

14,000 

200 

5,400 
2,900 
g^OOO 

3,200 
13,000 
«  726,000 

H,088,000 

•  66,000 
T 188^000 

•  14,000 

200 
•100 

MflOO 

m 

900 
200 
33,000 
7.700 

500 
400 

82.000 

161,000 

7,aoo 
aoo 

MO 

m 

m 

49,000 
700 

4a,m 

4,300 
0,800 

400 
100 

i,ao» 

1,200 
300 

55,000 

400 

6,000 

200 

500 

(») 

(») 

(») 

200 
TOO 

100 
(*) 

48,000 
u  21,000 

1,000 

2,200 

»»  7,600 

400 

nets,  46,000  po«Mk  VI 
ed  at  8400;  stop  MH^  I 

*  Less  than  SIOO. 

*  Less  than  100 

•njno 


wnn  awfw,  as  nuows: 


Dredns,  tongs,  etc,  4,570,000  poun<1s,  valued  at  $243,000:  crab  nets,  345,000  pounds,  valued  at  $29,000;  bow  nets,  263.000 
pounds,  valued  at  07,700;  pots,  242.00(j  poumJs,  valued  at  $5,000;  iMfpoana.  spears,  etc.,  51,000  pounds,  valued  ut  {2,800; 
k.  muskrat.  and att« tana,  «I0  pounds,  valued  at  dip  nets,  14,000  pOMily  VdOid  at  81,200;  turtle  nets,  14/WO  pound*, 

iralued  at  $.300;  and  wmmmmmtas,  .5.30,000  pounds,  yiHli  at  $14,000. 

•S84jOOO  Imsliels.  '  26J)00  buslieis.  *  200  skins.  »  2,800  gaUons. 

♦MWltia  •tjmhmmi  i»i,HiaMM.  - 


FISHERIES,  B¥  STATES. 

Table  3.— NORTH  CAROUNA-PRODUCTS  OF  VESSEL  FISHERIES:  IMS. 


217 


TOtil. 


Alewives  

Blueflsh  

Ckoakar.  

founders  

Hickory  shad  

Kingflsh,  or  whiting. 

Ifennaden  

MuUet,  fresh  

  llted.  


Shad  

Sheepshead.. 
Snapper 


Saetl^ue... 
ifi^edbafis.. 


Oysters,  maitat,  to 
Oysters,  seed,  tarn  pOI 


ifattsi 


(pounds}. 


Value. 


95,865,000 


467,000 

20.000 
13.000 
6.900 
6,(K)0 

30,000 
63,«>4,000 
30,000 
10,000 
8,M0 

41,000 
134,000 
17,000 
5,000 
19,000 

17,000 
166,000 
8,300 
10,000 

*  1,181,000 

^»8;ooo 


8163,000 


4,700 
700 

500 

300 
500 

1,000 
66,000 

1,000 
40O 
300 

2,000 
13,000 
700 

too 

1,380 

300 
5,200 
500 
300 

10,000 
8,000 


Seines. 

GBlnett. 

AO  other  appMBtw.' 

QuantitT 

(pounds). 

Viiiie. 

(pamds). 

Vitae. 

Qnantt^ 
(pooads). 

Vilm 

54,457.000 

$96,000 

14,000 

8700 

1,3»4,000 

867,000 

467,000 
19,000 

32.000 
6.400 
6.000 

30.000 
53,494,000 
38,000 
4,000 

4,100 
000 

500 

300 
500 

1,000 
66,000 
1,000 
300 

1,000 

aoo 

500 

i 

aoo 

m 

400 

(») 

1,000 

(') 

200 

m 

8,000 

41,000 

3,080 

132,000 
17,000 

13,000 
700 

1,000 
380 

200 

m 

5.000 
1,400 

100 
100 

18,000 

17.000 
164.000 
8,000 
5,600 

1.200 

.300 
5,100 
500 
100 

3,  aoo 

m 

30O 
S,iHO 

(») 

100 

2.000 

•1,121.000 
«8M,8B8 

100 
50,000 

1  Includes  a^uatus,  with  catdi,  as  foUows:  Dredges,^ngj  etb^^7/X»  pounds,  valued  at  801/100;  and  V^^j^J^^^*^  ytimA  at  83.800. 

wateiB  <^  Lake  Erie  are  so  shallow  that  it  would  bo 
possible  to  catch  all  the  fi.sh  in  them,  and  such  a  con- 
dition was  imminont  in  1903.  Waminji^s  of  the  pos- 
sible extinction  of  the  fish  in  this  lake  were  <jiven  in 
1890  by  the  Commissioner  of  Fish  and  Fisheries,  who 
called  attention  to  an  ominous  decrease  in  the  product 
since  1885. 

The  inxapeaae  in  ^^bery  products  which  has  talcen 
place  during  recent  years  has  not,  however,  extended 
to  the  fisheries  of  the  Oliio  River  district,  as  will  be 
seen  from  the  follo^ving  tabular  statement,  which  givea 
statistics  of  the  iiukistry  in  both  districts  for  1908  in 
comparison  with  certain  earlier  years: 


OBIO. 

The  fisheries  of  Ohio  may  be  grouped  in  two  divi- 
sions— those  of  Lake  Erie  and  those  of  the  Ohio  River 
and  its  tributaries.  The  Ohio  River  fishenes  are  of 
Teiy  fflnall  proportlfMQs,  the  wtim  ot  the  {Hmiacts 
from  this  district  forming  only  2  per  cent  of  the  total 
Talue  of  the  fishery  product  of  the  state. 

Of  the  species  taken  in  the  fisheries  of  the  state  in 
1908,  that  for  which  the  greatest  value  was  reported 
was  lake  herring,  while  German  carp,  blue  pike,  and 
other  varieties  of  pike  perch  followed  ckieelj  in 
importance. 

The  general  statistics  for  the  Ohio  fisheries  for  1908 
an  smmaariMd  in  tHoB  fdlowing  tabular  statement: 

Number  of  pcnoBM  co^egrod   2,  OM 

Capital: 

Veooels  and  boatfl,  including  outfit  $356,  (MO 

AppMfttusofcqrtim   423,000 

Shore  and  acccwoty  ftapetty  and  cash   343, 000 

Value  of  products   840,  (XX) 

Comparison  xcnth  jyrevious  canvasses. — Statistics  of 
the  fisheries  of  Ohio  as  a  whole  are  not  available  for 
former  years,  but  figures  for  the  Lake  Erie  fisheries 
of  the  state  have  been  reported  by  the  Bureau  of 
Fidieries  for  certain  years,  and  since  the  Lake  Erie 
district  contributes  such  a  large  proportion  of  the 
fishery  product  of  the  state,  these  figures  give  a  fairly 
accurate  idea  of  the  fluctuations  which  have  taken 
place. 

As  will  be  seen  from  the  tabular  gtatwnmt  given 
below,  this  district  shows  a  masked  recovery  from  a 
ntropradomoffonflnlwhidioidiiiiiiate^  The 


DISTRICT  AND 
YBAB. 

Persons 

em- 
ployed, 
exclu- 
sive of 
shores- 

TAunt  or  aaoanatar. 

Total. 

Vessels 

and 
boats,  in- 

rajSirf 

QuantitT 
^peoDds). 

Lake  Erie  district: 

1908  

1903  

1800  

1890.  

Otuo  River  district: 

1908  

1809.  

U04.  

l.S(;.i 

874 
1.686 
1,925 

153 
183 

aoo 

$775,000 
391, UUO 
1  779,000 
1  965,000 

3,400 
0,000 
14.0li 

5,S.>5. 000 
185.000 
361,000 
387,000 

1.000 
2,800 

a,aoo 

8421,000 

300,000 
417,000 
508,000 

2,400 
3,900 

27.216.000 
10.749,000 
36,624,000 
44,032,000 

1,700,000 

1,M»000 

8824,000 
317,000 
877,000 
810,000 

16.000 
19.000 

The  large  increase  in  the  weight  of  product  in  the 
Ohio  Kiver  district  is  due  entirely  to  the  weight  of 
mussel  shells  reported  in  1908.  Except  for  these 
products  both  the  weight  and  the  value  of  the  Ohio 
Biver  product  would  have  been  kaa  tiias  hatf  as  madi 
in  ISCMB  as  in  1899,  when  no  mussel-shell  products 
were  reported.  Tbe  faUaag     in  tho  ppodnot  of  tiio 


218 


FI^[^IjBS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


OUo  Bmr  dislnet  after  1894  was  due  in  a  large  meas- 
un  to  laws  mttictiiij  fiahcniMii  to  the  use  of  hooks 
MMi  liaflB  in  interior  watos. 

Persons  employed.— Ovear  92  pw  cent  of  the  persons 
cn«rage<l  in  fisheries  in  Ohio  were  employed  in  the 
Lake  Erie  district.    Of  the  36  shoresmen  reportecl, 


25  were  engaged  in  the  vessel  fisheries  and  11  in  the 
shore  and  boat  fisheries,  including  shoresmen,  there- 
fwe,  the  total  number  oi  persons  connected  witii  the 
veaael  fi8h<«ies  was  287  and  the  total  number  con- 
nected with  the  shore  and  boat  fiaherica  1,739. 
The  distribution  of  persons  emf^oyed  was  as  f oUows : 


fiuuw  nounrsD:  UOB. 

Total. 

Proprie- 
tors and 

Salaried 
employees. 

Total. 

I 

Salaries. 

1 

Wages. 

2,054 

»830 

14 

1,210 

S380,000 

111,000 

s 8360, 000 

1,901 

733 

14 

1,154 

378,000 

1       11,000  .  367,000 

Vessel  fisheries  

28 
1,575 
*36 

153 
IM 

» 

8 

228 
28 

862 
36 

M 

132,000 
15,000 

212,000 
18,000 

3,100 

6,100 

126,000 
15,000 

207,000 
18,000 

2,U0 

gtwMMrtfcwtfljhtries.. 

• 

5,200 

'  Exclusive  of  22  proprietors  not  fishing. 
»In(  iu(les  prov  isions  furnished  to  the  value  of  S9,300 

»  Of  these.  25  were  employed  in  vessel  fisheries  and  11  in  sboce  aod  boat  flf»wi<ft 


Fqnipment  and  other  cajntal— The  followinir  tabular 
statement  shows  the  distribution  of  the  ci^ital  invested 
in  the  firiieries  of  the  state : 


Total. 


Viaeis,  including;  outfit  

Ifcfcing  

Vessels  

Outfit  

Tran^MVUnc  

oSSer""!""";;;;;;;;; 

iHliratiis  of  eaptnr'  

Vessel  fisht,'ri.'.<  

  Shore  and  boat  flsberiei. . 

IgMB  and  ace— y  ymmty. 


▼Auni  or  ■QwmaiT  aid  oms 
CAmAL:  1908. 


TMal. 


8i.m,floo 


Lake  Erie  |  Ohio  River 
district.  district. 


81,118.000 


84.100 


215. 000 
lt)9.00() 
147,000 
22.000 
4(3.  OOO 
39,000 
6,300 
141.000 
101,000 
2.400 
16,000 
21,000 
423,000 
89,000 
a34,000 
2t3,000 
80,000 


215.000 
lti9.U00 

147.  aw 

22,000 
46.000 
39,000 
6.300 
140.000 

101,  aw 

2,400 

15.  aw 

21,000 
«21,000 

89,000 
331.000 
262.000 

80,000 


1,000 


Over  99  per  txait  of  the  total  inreetment  pertained 

to  the  Lake  Erie  district. 

Of  the  value  of  shore  and  accessoiy  property, 
$62,000  was  reported  for  vessel  fisheries  and  $201,000 
for  shore  and  boat  fisheries.  The  entire  amount  re- 
tained under  this  head,  with  the  exception  of  $700, 
raprasanted  mvestmnit  in  tiie  Lake  Erie  fisheries. 

The  "resaeb  reported  wete  tOBdumrtfy  steam  «af  t, 
and  of  the  boats  only  28,  Tahied  at  $2,400,  were  sail- 
boats. With  the  exception  of  136  rowboats,  all  of  the 
boats,  as  well  as  all  of  the  vessels,  were  used  in  the 
Lake  Erie  fisheries.  The  number  and  tonnage  of  the 
inaaseb  and  the  number  of  the  boats  were  as  follows: 


Vessels: 

Fishing— s 

Number.   ^ 

Tonnage  ]  ffj^ 

Transporting — 

Number   ^2 

Tomiagtt  ]  ■ 

Boatp,  number   j  Qg^ 

Steam  and  motor   279 

^   28 

^'"^   736 

Other  ^  ^ 

The  numbers  of  the  principal  kinds  of  apparatus 

reported  for  the  state,  of  which  all  except  10  semes 
and  262  f^^ke  and  hoop  nets  were  used  in  the  Lake 
Erie  district  and  all  except  18,828  o;ill  nets  in  the  shore 
and  boat  fisheries,  were  as  follows; 

Fyke  and  hoop  nets   j  226 

  25^030 

Harpoons,  spears,  etc  ^ 

Pound  and  trap  nets   2  580 

Seines. _  266 

Trunmel  nets  ]  g21 

Traps,  muskrat  /   2  645 

Turtle  nets   '  fMt 

Products,  by  species.— T&hXe  1,  on  page  220,  gives 
detailed  statistics  as  to  the  products  of  the  fisheries  of 
Ohio,  by  species  and  by  apparatus  of  capture.  On 
the  basis  of  value,  lake  herrmg  was  the  most  important 
fish  taken,  with  German  carp  ranking  second.  If  the 
different  varieties  of  pike  and  pickerel  and  pike  perch 
be  considered  together  as  one  item,  this  class  of  fish 
takes  the  lead  among  the  products,  with  a  total  weight 
of  9.743,000  pounds  and  a  value  of  $369,000.  fha 


fl^HEEE^  BY  STATES. 


219 


value  of  the  above-named  species — lake  herring,  carp, 
pike,  pike  perch,  and  pickerel — ^forms  76  per  cent  of 
the  total  value  <rf  the  catch,  while  the  remainder  of 
the  catch,  consddered  in  respect  to  both  wei^t  and 
value,  is  fairly  well  disteibated  uttsmg  tiie  otiier 
species  reported. 

Products,  hy  fisliing  grounds. — Table  2,  on  page  220, 
gives  detailed  statistics  regarding  the  fishery  products 
of  Lake  Erie  district,  while  Table  3,  on  page  221,  gives 
similar  statistics  for  the  Ohio  Riv«r  district.  Among 
the  Ohio  Rlvar  products  were  three  which  wero  not  re- 
ported for  the  Lake  Erie  fisheries,  nam^,  buffalo  fish, 
paddlefish,  and  the  products  of  the  mussel  fisheries. 
The  mussel  products  included  mussel  shells,  pearls,  and 
slugs,  and  were  valued  at  S7,000,  or  somewhat  less 
than  half  of  the  total  value  of  the  Ohio  River  product. 

Products,  by  data  offiA/eriet. — ^The  products  of  the 
diore  and  boat  fidieries  amounted  to  20,511,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $548,000,  and  those  of  the  vessel 
fisheries  to  8,405,000  pounds,  valued  at  $291,000. 
All  of  the  fisheries  of  the  Ohio  River  district  were  of 
the  shore  and  boat  class,  while  for  Lake  Erie  both 
classes  of  fisheries  were  reported.  In  the  vessel  fish- 
eries of  the  latter  district  the  following  products  were 
taken: 


SPECIES. 


Lake  herring  

Pike  perch  (wall-eyed  pike) . 

Perch,  yellow  

Pike  perch  (bine  pike)  

Pike  perch  (sanger)  

White'i.sh  

Pike  and^iclcerel  


PRODUCTS  OF  VESSEL 
FISHERIES  OF  LAKE 

ERIE  district:  1908. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


8,405,000 


Value. 


S201,000 


4,227,000 
1,998.000 
883,000 
915.000 
208.000 
h.1,000 
23,000 
08,806 


129,000 
78,000 

30, 000 
30,000 
9,000 
f.,400 
1,700 


>  Includes  products  as  folio  v.  .s:  Suckers,  35,000  pounds,  valued  at  fSOO;  German 
Mip,  9J0O  pounds,  valued  at  <200;  drum  or  sbeeosbead  16,000  pounds,  valued  at 


ProdueUf  hy  apparahu  of  capture. — Gill  nets  wwe 

not  used  in  the  Ohio  River  fisheries,  but  in  the  vessel 
fisheries  of  Lake  Erie  they  were  the  only  form  of  appa- 
ratus of  capture  employed.  Pound  and  trap  nets, 
though  used  only  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  of 
Lake  Erie,  took  a  greater  number  of  species  and  a 
heavier  catch  than  any  other  kind  of  apparatus.  No 
angle  species  of  the  19  whidi  wore  tak«i  by  them 
suflSciently  predominated  in  weight  to  form  the  Inilk 
of  the  catch;  but  the  different  varieties  of  pike, 
pickeiel,  and  pike  perch  taken  by  pound  and  trap  nets 
aggregated  5,763,000  pounds,  valued  at  $202,000,  and 
formed  over  one-half  of  the  weight  and  about  two- 
thirds  of  the  value  of  the  mixre  catch  by  this  form  of 
apparatus. 

Seines,  which  were  reported  for  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries  only,  were  used  in  the  capture  of  1 3  species. 
The  quantity  of  products  thus  taken  in  the  Ohio 


River  district  was  small,  amounting  to  only  20,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $1,600,  while  in  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries  of  Lake  Elrie  products  so  caught  aggregated 
5,761,000  pounds,  valued  at  $103,000.  Of  these  Lake 

Erie  products,  5,708,000  pounds  represented  German 
carp  and  contributed  99  per  cent  of  the  total  vahie  of 
the  seine  catch  reported  for  tliis  district. 

Since  mussel  sliells  were  the  principal  pioduct  of 
the  Oliio  River  lisheries,  the  cro\\"foot  dredges  used 
for  taking  them  were  the  leading  apparatus  oi  capture 
in  that  district. 

Principal  species. — C'arp  was  the  only  one  of  the 
leading  species  for  which  a  considera]>le  increase  in 
catch  was  shown  in  1908,  as  compaicd  with  earher 
years.  The  following  tabular  statement  indicates  the 
relation  of  the  carp  catch  to  the  total  fishery  products 
c/t  the  Lake  Erie  cUstrict  of  Ohio  for  certain  years: 


BWIIMCT. 

Qauttty.  j 

VikM. 

Pooada. 

I'er  cent 
of  total. 

Amoont. 

I'pr  cent 
of  totaL 

*,4a,m 

26 

S127.000 

U 

38 

Sl.OCO 

M 

9 

47,000 

7 

The  lake-herring  catch,  though  larger  than  in  1903, 
retains  only  a  fraction  of  its  earlier  importance,  as  ia 
dhown  by  the  following  tabular  statement,  and  the 
decrease  in  this  product  accounts,  in  a  large  measure, 
for  the  decrease  in  the  fishery  i»oduct  <^  Ohio  from 
1890  to  1903: 


un-BOtBDio  noDOCT  or  lass 


TEAS. 

Omnttty. 

Valm. 

Per  cent  I 
oftotid. 

Amoant. 

Per  cent 
«<tO«ML 

4,792,000 

18 

$147,000 

18 

L.WI.OOO 

14 

68.000 

21 

19,34ti,(XI0 

53 

253,  ()(K) 

37 

« 

27,880,000 

62 

282.000 

* 

The  catch  <rf  blue  pike  in  1908  dkows  a  fwonounced 
increase  in  both  quantity  and  value  over  those  of  the 

preceding  two  years  for  which  statistics  were  com- 
piled, as  is  indicated  by  the  foUowiug  tabular  state- 
ment: 


BLVc-fm  paoDUCT  or  utxa  nn  iimimui. 

TBAB. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Founds. 

Per  ci'iit 
of  total. 

Amoont. 

Percent 
of  totaL 

4.004,000 
1,733,000 
2,218,000 
S,  MS,  000 

IS 

8125,000 
68,000 
64,000 
66,000 

U 

16 

St 

6 

9 

• 

U 

flSHEBIES  OF  THE  UNTEIS)  STATS83,  1906. 

Tabu  1.— OHIO— FISHERY  PRODUCTS:  1908. 


28,917.000 


FWi: 

Baflalo  fish.  

Carp,  German  

Catfish  and  bullheads. 
Dnim.  or  sheepahead., 


Ling,  or 
Paddlefish 


PfkB  pardi  (Uoe  pike) . . . . 

Pike  perrfi  (aennr)  

FlkeperofaC— ffyiaito) 
Stuigeufl. ................. , 

Caviar  .   , 


Sockeis. 


Another. 


Quantitv 
(pounds). 


S8«0,000 


0.  000 

7,158,000 
505,000 
1,227,000 

100,000 

1,  G00 

i,4a,iw 
i,ii«,«i 

4,004,000 
2,358,000 
2,263,000 
8,000 

300 

1,387,000 
172,000 
732,000 

5,000 

1,597.000 
4.000 
18,000 
MOO 
•  14,000 


OiUnets. 


800 

129,000 
25,000 
13,000 

ui,m 

1,900 
100 

mm 

125,000 
71,000 
83,000 
700 

300 

20,000 
8,200 
60,000 
100 

« 7,000 
600 
900 
400 

14,000 


57,000 
7,200 
17,000 

7,700 


9,400,000 


1,026,000 
293,000 
1,008,000 


Value. 


S336,000 


9,7S|,000 


1,300 
300 
200 

100 


a,ooo 

9,800 

34.000 
13,000 
78,000 


Poond  and  trap 


gSS^ll  value. 


IM8,000 


525,000 
261,000 
968,000 

ut,m 

84,000 


400,000 
780,000 

2.902,000 
1,826,000 
240,000 
5,100 

300 


45,000 
600 
337,000 
(•) 


600  1,022.000 

(')  128.(100 

27,000  391,000 

(»)  1,000 


Quantity 
(pooads). 


5,781,000 


800 

8,700  5,713,000 
14,000 
18,000 


12,000 
9,100 
7,a0B 

1,100 


14,000 

4B,m 

88,000 
51,000 
14,000 

flOO 

300 

15,000 
6,000 

33,000 
(») 


Value. 


005,000 


1,600 


2,400 
100 

3,300 


20,000 
1,100 


100 

102,000 
800 
flOO 


100 


400 


(») 


100 


(*) 


200 


400 
100 


600 


Fyke  and  hoop 


Quantitv 
(pounds). 


1,714,000 


8,100 
384,000 
130,000 
100,000 


8,800 


87,000 
300,000 

77,000 
227,000 
15,000 
(') 


Value. 


S51,000 


700 
7,100 
6,200 
3,100 


100 


1,800 
10,000 

2,600 
6,200 
1,000 
(») 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


118,000 


Value. 


$7,700 


100 
2,300 
87,000 
8,700 


1,900 
7,400 


298,000 
43,0(X) 
4,100 
4,900 


*  Includes  apparatus,  with  catch,  as  follows:  Harpoaa% mars,  etc., 
MjmfiOO  pounds,  vafaadtt97/)00:  traps,  4,.m  pounds,  nMi  «t  S4,500: 
'Leas  than 8100.  >  Less  than  lOO  pounds.  <  Inclu( 


4,200 
2,000 
300 
(*) 


I,  etc.,  9,200  pounds,  vahied  at  $9,700:  trammel  nets,  480Jn0 

*^  =^"1:  turtle  nets,  I9.m)  {xjunds,  valued  at  $1,000;  and  — *- 


9,800 
100 
200 

(') 

200 


5,600 


Another 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


2,121,000 


476,000 
6,400 


100 
600 


(») 


Value. 


(') 


1,900 


1,697,000 
4,000 
18,000 
»100 
•14,000 


Includes  pearls  and  slugs  valued' at  $400. 


^  150  skins 


$32,000 


9^100 


(*) 


*  7,000 
000 

900 
400 
14,000 


Tablb  2.— OHIO— fishery  PR0DU(  TS  (^F  LAKE  ERIE  DISTRICT:  1908. 


Quantity  , 
(poonds). 


V,8M,I 


9,400,000  18336,000  9,783,000  $308,000  5,761,000  8103,000 


7,140,000 
467,000 
1,207,000 

100,000 
1,441,000 
1,118,000 
4,004,000 


5,300 
300 
1,377,000 
172,000 

"MS 

4,000 
18,000 

MOO 
•14,000 


127,000 
21,000 
11,000 

147,000 
400 

1,.300 
54,000 
70,000 
125,000 
71,080 
98,000 

500 
300 
19,000 
8,300 


Value. 


Poond  and  tn^ 


Quantity 
(poonds). 


Value. 


Quantity 
(poondB). 


Value. 


PykaiHidtoap 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


1,665,000 


$47,000 


57,000 
7,200 
17,000 

*^*SSo 

7,700 
922,000 
52.000 
1,026,000 
30,000 
998,000 


600 
90O 
400 

14,000 


45,000 
600 


1,.300 
3(X) 
20O 
130,000 
400 

100 
38,000 
3,800 
34,000 
19,000 
78,000 


525.000  I 
2t)1.00()  ' 
989,000  I 
166,000 


8,700 
12,000 
9,100 
7,900 


5,708,000 
11,000 
13,000 


600 
37,090 


84,000 
460,000 
786,000 
2,902,000 
1,826,000 
249,000 

5,100 

300 
1,022,000 
128,000 

1,000 


1,100 
14.000 
49,000 
88,000 
51,000 
14,000 

500 
300 
15,000 
6,100 
33,000 


102,000 
500 
100 


373,000 
118,000 
183,000 


Value. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


84,000 


Vahie. 


$4,500 


6,400 
5,000 
1,500 


6,400 


40O 


18,000 
1,000 


400 

(») 
100 


8,800 
57,000 

266,000 
77,000 

227,000 
12,000 

(») 


100 

1,800 
16,000 
2,600 
6,200 
700 

(«) 


300 
100 


50O 


(') 


291,000 
43,000 
4,100 
4,900 


3,800 
2,000 
300 
(*) 


300 
64,000 


1,900 
7,400 


9,800 


200 


(») 


(*) 

3,200 


m 
eoo 


600 


AB 


istai.1 


Quantity 
(ponndi). 


524,000 


476,000 
5,400 
5,300 


(») 


1  Inclndp';  apnaratus,  with  catch,  as  follow^;:  Harpoons,  spears,  etc.,  9J00  pounds,  val 
lndat$4  vri  -  irtlOHlli^H^ptyMDds.  v  ilued  atSl.OOO:  and  lalMraMmtakMW 

than  $100.  «  Less  than  100  pounds. 


(•) 

"i,'966' 


4,000 
18,000 
« 100 
•14,000 


^ued  at  $9,700;  tramonl 
pounds,  valued  atlM 
«1508UliS. 


pounds,  valued  at  $9,4 
•  41/100  sUna. 


$25,000 


9.100 
900 
100 


(*> 


900 
400 
14,000 


USHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

Tabu  8.-OHI0— neSSST  PBOBUCTS  OF  OHIO  RIYEB  DISTRICT:  IMS. 


221 


SPECIES. 

TOTAL. 

raOODCT  C&VOBT  BT— 

Fyke  and  taoop  nets. 

Lines. 

Crowfeet  dradgBB. 

Quantity 
(pooBds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds.) 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Valos. 

Total  

1,700,000 

$16,000 

20,000 

$1,600 

49,000 

84,000 

35,000 

83,aoo 

1.097,000 

87,000 

Fish: 

9,000 
18,000 
38,000 
20,000 

1,600 

2,700 
3,300 
10,000 

1,807,000 

800 
1,200 
3,700 
1,800 

100 

300 
200 
700 

•7,000 

800 
.•i.OOO 
2,500 
4,800 
1,600 

100 
3,300 
3,100 

100 
300 
200 
GOO 
100 

(') 

20O 

8.100 
11,000 
12,000 

6,400 

700 
700 
1,200 

eoo 

100 
2.000 
23,000 
8,700 

(') 

200 
2,200 

800 

Paddleflsh  

3,400 

300 

100 

(») 

7,900 

BOO 

(») 

•7.000 

MiK  ilwili,  paails,  aad  Oagt  

1  Lees  than  fUn. 


OKLAHOMA. 


Hie  commercial  fisheries  of  Oklahoma,  all  of  which 
were  of  the  shore  and  boat  class,  were  confined  to  the 
Arkansas  River.  Tlie  statistics  for  1908  are  given  in 
the  following  summary: 

Number  of  fishermen   3 

Capital   $50 

Number  ^   3 

Value   $36 

Apparattn  of  capture   $10 

Shore  and  acceoBOiy  propeatty   $6 

Ftoducte: 

Total  quantity  (pounds)   6,700 

Total  value   $300 

Dtum,  fredi-watflt^ 

P«UJld«  :  4,500 

Vahw   $200 

Buffalo  fish— 

Pounds   1,200 

Value   $50 

Catfidi — 

Pounds   1,000 

Value   $S0 

OBBGON. 

The  fishing  grounds  of  Oregon  may  be  grouped  in 
two  districts,  comprising,  respectively,  the  Columbia 
Ri^er  and  its  tributaries,  and  the  Pacific  Ocean  to- 
gether with  the  rivers  emptying  into  it  other  than  the 
Columbia.  Most  of  the  coast  rivers  are  short,  and 
their  descent  is  so  rapid  that  fishing  is  confined  to 
within  a  few  miles  of  the  ocean.  The  Rogue  and 
Umpqua  Rivers,  however,  furnish  abundant  fishing 
for  the  sportsman,  but  little  commercial  fidiing  is 
dime  <m  4^er  nrer  east  of  the  Coast  Range.  IVcmt 
are  found  in  all  the  mountain  streams,  while  salmon 
ascend  the  rivers  in  small  numbers  as  far  east  as  the 
Cascade  Range.  The  fishing  industry  of  the  state 
shows  a  healthy  growth,  and  the  product  is  being 
rapidly  extended  to  include  other  species  than  salmon, 


vitaedatMBO. 

which  was  for  years  the  only  species  taken  to  any 
extent.   The  general  statistics  for  1908  are  as  fdlows: 

Number  of  persons  employed   4, 772 

Capital: 

VeH?els  and  boats,  inrluding  outfit   $508,000 

Apparatus  of  capture   795, 000 

Ebofetttd  moommtf  pnqpoty  and  carii   6S,  009 

Value  of  products   1,  Sit,  00$ 

Compariaon  with  previous  canvasses. — ^Tlie  number 
of  persons  omployod  in  1908  was  4,772,  as  compared 
with  3,609  rei)orted  for  1904  by  the  Bureau  of  Fish- 
eries, exclusive  of  1,690  employed  on  shore  in  canner- 
ies, etc.  The  returns  of  the  Bureau  of  the  Census 
exclude  employees  in  canneries  and  indude  but  three 
shoresmm.  Dorii^  tibe  period  between  the  two  can- 
vasses, vessels  and  boats  increased  in  value  from 
$309,000  to  $508,000,  or  3S  per  cent;  apparatus  of 
capture,  from  $645,000  to  $795,000,  or  23  per  cent; 
and  products,  from  $1,185,000  to  $1,356,000.  or  14 
per  cent. 

The  following  tabular  statement  gives  a  comparisim 
of  the  numb«r  of  persons  ^ployed,  the  cajntid  in- 
vested in  vessels,  boats,  and  apparatus  of  capture,  and 
the  value  of  products  in  1908,  with  the  figures  for 
certain  earlier  years  for  whicli  statistics  are  available : 


Persons 

em- 
ployed, 
asenriTe 
ofdwna- 
nun. 

TALOB  or  cQomoon. 

TMaL 

Vessels 
and  boats, 
including 

Appara- 
tus <rf 

— 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

VahM. 

1908  

4,760 

$1,303,000 

1506,000 

S795.000  1 

28,217.000 

$1,356,000 

1904  

3,609 

1.015,000 

300,000 

64.5.000 

27.535,000 

1,185.000 

1899  

3.80fi 

7fi2,000 

275,000 

4S7,(KK) 

2.',  818.  (XX) 

8.Tt..000 

1895  

4.322 

H41.000 

267,000 

574.0011 

3S. 142. 000 

1.282,000 

1892  

2, 822 

wm.ooo 

2»a.ooo 

544. (KX) 

2.S,.V.>1,01X) 

872.000 

3,098 

724,000 

2i(7,000 

438,000  1 

25,892,000 

1,034,000 

Persona  employed. — The  distribution  of  the  peraona 

employed  in  the  fisheries  of  Oregon  in  1908,  according 
to  the  character  of  their  connection  with  the  industry, 
is  slio^^Ti  in  the  followiii':  tal)lo  for  the  state  as  a  whole 
,  and  for  the  two  main  iijiliery  districts: 


222 


OF  THE  UI^ITED  STATES,  1908. 


f  AMD  CLAm. 


Shorpsmen  

CMumbia  River  district  

WmdSc  coast  district  

Transporting  vessels  

Shore  and  boat  flslwries. . 
Shoresmen  

•BadoatTcafa 

Of  the  total  Bumbw  of  pmtms  tmpUsyed  in  the 

fisheries  of  the  state,  79  per  cent  were  credited  to  the 
Columbia  River  district  and  21  per  cent  to  the  Pacific 
coast  district.  Wage-earners  constituted  nearly  two- 
thirds  of  the  total  number  employed,  and  the  amount 
dialMiraed  in  wgtm  wm  eqoal  to  more  than  one-third 
of  the  total  ritmt  of  products.  The  wage-eamero 
engaged  in  Atan  and  boat  fishing  foimed  96  per  cent 
of  all  wage-eanMn>  and  leo^ved  96  per  cent  of  tiie 
total  wages  paid. 

Equipment  and  other  capital. — The  distribution  of 
the  value  of  equipment  and  of  the  amoimt  of  other 
^ployed  in  the  Oregrai  fiaheries  in  1908  is 


I  bmbord:  1908. 


TMaL 


Proprietors 
MMinde- 

it 


4,773  i3;SM 


99 
4,670 
3 


3,778 


81 

994  I 


7 

2,217 


1,722 


18 

m 
a 


6 

1,716 

502 


1 

m 


Salaried 
employees. 


Wace- 


3,546 


92 
2,451 
3 

2,064 


7ft 
482 


17 
472 
3 


TotaL 


$478,000 


Salaiiw. 


1800 


2l).  (KK) 
451,000 
200 

417,000 


^000 
61,000 


4,300 
56,000 
200 


800 


WagM. 


*  8477,000 


36,000 
4C0^O0O 
30O 

416,000 


33^000 
»4,fl00 

0,000 


cunm  MB. 

TetaL 

JO  1  i  III  1  i 

Pacific 
coast 
dtaMBt. 

81,368,000 

tl,3a8,«W 

8160,000 

140,000 
125,000 
16,000 
367,000 
112,000 
233,000 
18,000 
11,400 
7B6.000 

tB,«n 

114,000 
101.000 
13.000 

310.000 
S9.(X)0 

215,000 
6.900 
5,100 

%S 

26,000 
24,000 

2,700 

51.000 
23. 000 
17.000 
11.000 
300 
77,000 
ft,  300 

SaU  

OOm  

No  TesMb  wete  engaged  m  fiaiiinpr  in  the  state  dming 
the  year,  all  vessels  reported  being  used  exclusively 
for  transporting  fish  and  fish  products.  Vessels  thus 
engaged  numbered  44,  \vitli  a  total  net  tonnage  of  565. 
Seven  of  these,  having  a  tonnage  of  78,  were  engaged 
in  the  Pacific  coast  fisheries,  wliile  the  37  vessels 
reported  for  the  CohnnHa  Hirer  district  in  1906  were 
caqplojed  on  the  Cohimbia  and  WiUamette  Biren. 
In  1904  the  number  of  transporting  vessels  reported 
was  35,  valued  at  $116,000,  and  the  value  of  their 
outfit  was  $14,000.   The  number  of  boats  reported 


itoltevilMcCltSjOOO. 

was  2,312,  which  comprised  216  steam  and  motor 
boats,  1,628  sailboats,  523  rowboats,  and  45  scows. 

Of  these  several  kinds  of  boats,  the  Columbia  River 
district  reported  198,  1,355,  191,  and  31,  respectively. 
The  investment  in  boats  of  all  kinds  shows  an  increase 
of  54  per  cent  since  1904. 

The  proportion  of  the  capital  invested  in  apparatus 
of  capture  is  large,  on  account  of  the  expmsiTe  seinea 
and  nets  used  in  the  salmon  fisheries  and  the  great 
expense  of  constructing  and  locating  the  whe^  wed 
on  the  Columbia  River. 

The  nets,  traps,  seines,  and  wheels  reported  were 
distributeil  as  follows: 


APFABATUS  OF  CARmB:  1908.1 

TotaL 

Columbia 

River 
dMiiet. 

Padflo 

OOMt 

diatiiet. 

Fvke  net.-;  

m 

3,981 
2,143 

17 
100 

81 

35 
2.931 
1,700 

17 

m 
n 

GUI  nets  

1,050 
443 

Hoop  nets  and  ti^te.  

'  .\11  reported  by  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 

Gill  nets  are  used  principally  in  the  salmon  fisheries. 
The  number  reported  in  1908  represents  an  increase  in 
the  four  years  between  the  two  canvasses  of  1,350,  or 
61  per  cent,  as  compared  with  the  number  in  1904 — 
2,631.  Tbkty  wheeb  were  reported  in  1904  and  31  in 
1908.  They  were  all  located  on  the  Cohimbia  Bhrer 
and  their  catch  in  1908  included  salmon  and  sturgecm. 
The  seines  reported  in  1908  numbered  100,  as  com- 
pared with  50  in  1904.  Of  those  reported  in  1908,  58 
were  in  use  in  the  Columbia  River  district  and  42  in 
other  waters.  Those  employed  in  the  Columbia  River 
fifllMries  were  large  seines  of  an  arerage  yahie  of 
neariy  $700,  while  the  sdnes  used  in  other  waters 
averaged  but  $100  each  in  value.  Xo  pound  nets 
lapovted  by  the  Buraau  of  Fiaheries  in  1904. 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


223 


Fyke  nets  have  increased  in  number,  while  hoop  nets 
and  traps  have  decreased. 

Products,  hi/ species. — Table  1 ,  on  i)age  224,  sliows  for 
1908  the  (juantity  and  value  of  the  lisherv  products  of 
the  state,  by  species  and  by  apparatus  of  capture. 

The  total  product  increased  from  27,633,000  pounds, 
valued  at  $1,186,000,  in  1904,  to  28,217,000  pounds, 
valued  at  $1,356,000,  in  1908,  an  increase  of  3  per  cent 
in  quantity  and  14  per  cent  in  value.  In  1904  there 
were  15  species  of  products,  as  compared  witii  21  in 
190S.  Those  not  reported  in  earlier  Ciinvasses  were 
cuIlus  cod,  flounders,  sculpin,  squeteague,  or  sea  trout, 
black  snapper,  sole,  and  tomcod,  some  of  whidh  were 
taken  in  consideraMe  quantities.  Hie  value  of  the 
salmon  catch  represented  96  per  cent  of  the  total  value 
of  products  in  190S.  The  bulk  of  the  Oregon  salmon 
product  was  of  the  cliinook  variety,  wliich  contributetl 
68  per  cent  of  the  total  weight  and  81  per  cent  of  the 
total  value  of  salmon  reported  for  the  state. 

Products,  by  fishing  grounds. — ^Tables  2  and  3,  on 
pages  224  and  ^5,  give  the  fishery  products,  by  specie 
and  apparatus  of  capture,  for  the  Columbia  River  and 
Pacific  coast  districts,  respectively,  and  the  following 
tabular  statement  siiows,  for  the  state  as  a  whole  and 
for  the  two  districts,  the  distribution  by  principal 
species  of  the  total  value  of  products  in  1908: 


TALUS       ntODVCTS:  1906. 


SPECIE.S. 

TotaL 

Gelanibia 
Btver 
fiatrict. 

I'acific 
coast 
district. 

TotaL  

81,356,000 

81,186,000 

8170,000 

With  

1.329,000 
1.301.«J0 

i.o.jo.ooo 

109. 0!X) 
109,000  1 
20,000 
7.000 
9.000 
8.000 
0,800  1 
4.000 
14,000 
6,900 
4,200 
3,000 

1.172.000 
1.  I  KS,  000 
1.011,000 
21,000 
95,000 
20,000 
1,800 
9,000 
7,400 
6,800 
600 
14,000 

157,000 
152.000 

45.000 

ss,o()o 

14,000 

Chinook  

.Silver  

Steelhead  

Catfish  

5,200 

Sliad  

000 

.\11  other  

4.000 

Ckahe.  

6,900 
4,200 
2,000 

Oraters.  

The  following  tal)ular  statement  shows,  for  1908,  the 
fishery  products  of  the  state  according  to  fishing 
grounds: 


imnMO  GKOtTRD. 


Tof.al   •.'S.217.CI00 


FISHERY  PRODTOtS: 
1906. 


Quantity 
(poands). 


•51,350,000 


Columbia  River  

Nehalem,  Tillamook,  and  Neatogga  RiTen. 

Rogue  River  

CoqaUle  Rivar.  

Clackamaa  and  Winamp  Riven.  

Coos  Bay.  

Siuslaw  River. 


Yaquina  Bay  and  River.. 
Alseya  Bay  and  Rivw.  .. 

Umpqua  River  

Neknakuiii  River  

AB  other  


20, 
2, 

1. 


911,000 
405,000 
990,000 
293,000 
404,000 
628,000 
845,000 
280,000 
225,000 
140,000 
50,000 
46,000 


Vakw. 


1,102.000 
40,000 
37,000 
26,000 
25.000 
20,000 
17,000 
12,000 
8.900 
3.200 
900 
2,900 


ProductSfby  apparatus  of  capture.  Of  tlie  totalquan- 
tity,  22.849,000  j)ounds  were  taken  with  gill  nets;  and  of 
the  gi!l-iu  t  catcli.  22.240,000  pounds,  or  97  per  cent, 
represeiiied  salmon,  valued  at  SI. 0(31. 000,  or  82  per 
cent  reported  for  the  total  salmon  catch  of  the  state. 

Seines  ranked  second  both  in  req>ect  to  the  quantity 
and  the  value  of  the  product  taken.  In  addition  to  a 
laige  anxnmt  of  salmon,  considwable  quantities  of 
flounders,  herring,  and  perch  of  the  viviparous  variety 
were  included  in  the  seine  catch.  The  catch  by  wheels 
is  confined  to  sahnoii  and  a  few  stuigeon. 

In  the  following  tabular  statement  tlie  value  of  the 
total  fishery  product  is  distributed  according  to  appa- 
ratus of  capture,  for  the  state  and  the  two  districts: 


nin>  or  AvrAuns. 


TotaL. 


OiU  neta  

Seines  

Wheels  

Pots  and  traps  

Pound  nets  

Dredges,  tongs,  etc. 
Lines  


VALUE  or  ntODTOtK  1908. 

Total. 

Cohmibia 

riKiflo 
coast 

11,356,000 

91,186,000 

8170.000 

1,076,000 
152,000 
72,000 
29.000 
18,000 
7,200 
2. 200 

9.-<l,000 
'  142,000 
72.000 
23,000 
18,000 

144.000 

10.000 

6.  (JIX) 

7,200 
2,200 

Salmon. — As  already  indicated,  salmon  constituted 
the  chief  fishery  product,  and  represented  96  per  cent  of 
the  total  quantity  and  96  per  cent  of  the  total  vahie  ci 

products  reported.  The  increase  between  1904  and 
1908  in  the  quantity  reported  was  162,000  pounds,  or 
less  than  1  per  cent,  and  in  the  value  reported  .■)(). 000, 
or  13  percent.  There  was  a  decrease  in  the  quantity 
caught  of  the  cliinook  anddogor  chumspecies,  although 
the  value  of  eadi  increased.  Both  the  quantity  and 
value  of  bludl>a(^  silver,  and  ste^iead  salmon  increased. 

The  following  tabular  statement  shows  the  quantity 
and  value  of  salmon  taken  from  the  different  fi«hipg 
grounds  in  1908: 


sAURni  fopocr; 
ND8. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


TotiO.    i  26,876,000  H.Sn.OOO 


Columbia  River  j  30,095,000 

Nehalem,  TiUamook, and  NeatagcaRIvcn.  ;  2,405,000 

Coquille  Uiver  

Siuslaw  River  

Cooe  Bay  

Clackamas  and  Willamette  Rivers.  

Alseya  Bav  and  River  

Yaquina  fiav  and  Riv«r.  

UmpqiM  River.  

I Sivar..  


I, 


990.000 
277. UKi 
845. 0(X) 
537,  OCO 
263,000 
150,000 
124,000 
140.  OQO 
80,000 


135.000 
40.000 

37.000 
2'..IKI0 
17.000 
17,000 
13,000 
6.500 
4.200 
8,300 


The  salmon  catch  of  the  Columbia  River  alone  con- 
stituted 75  per  cent  of  the  total  salmon  catch  of  the 
state  and  represented  87  per  cent  of  its  total  value. 
The  quantity  taken  from  the  Coquille  River  was  greatM* 
than  that  taken  from  Rogue  IUv«r,  but  the  value  of  <he 
latter  catch  was  considerably  greater.  Ahnost  the 
entire  salmon  product  of  the  different  rivers,  occ^tiog 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


OoiiiBBdbi^  GfawkMBM,  and  Willamette,  was  used 
m  ths  canneries,  one  or  more  of  which  are  located  on 
each  river,  except  the  Alseya  and  the  Xekanakum.  The 
catch  of  the  hist-named  rivers  was  delivered  to  can- 
neries located  near  by. 

Mcr  Uaiing  speeiet. — Tim  aewmd  in  in^oiianee  of 
the  fishery  products  was  crawfish,  but  the  value  of  the 
odly  about  1  per  eenft  oi  the  total  value 


of  piodueta.  In  both  1906  and  1904  Oregon  ranked 
first  anunig  the  states  in  reapeet  to  ibe  value  of  the 
crawfii^  product,  Wisconsin  holding  second  rank  in 
both  the  yeaia  named.  Catfish,  shad,  hard  crabs,  and 
sturgeon  were  next  in  importance  in  the  order  named, 
and  each  showed  a  substantial  gam  sinoe  the  canvass 
of  1904. 


»N— FISHERY  PB0DUCT8:  1908. 


Tout. 


Cnhus  cod. 

Flounders. 


Salmon,  bhieback. 


TOTAL. 


Quaatil 


PRODUCT  cAvam  bt- 


Quaatitv 


Salmon.  Chinook   18,176,000 


28,217,000 


30.000 
201,000 
20,000 
23,000 
16,000 
15,000 
26,000 

403,000 


SaUnoD.  dog  or  ctaum. 
Satmoo,  silver. 


in. 


Skilfish,  or  black  snapper  

Smelt  

SqtMteague,  or  sea  trout  


AM 

Crabs,  hard. 

Crawfish  


Clams,  bard  

Oystm.  nrkct,  fMm  pabie  I 


905,000 

9,m 
m,m 

5,000 
30,000 
2,000 
114,000 
3,300 

200,000 
178,000 

*700 

« 30, 000 
6  2,300 

M,aw 


11,356,000 


300 
9,000 
800 
500 
700 


22,849,000 


.30,000 


5,000 

ml  1,7m 


$1,076,000 


aoo 


100 

an 


20,MB 

1,056,000 
7,000 
109,000 

M,m 

300 
8,000 
200 
800 
100 

•,m 
m 

6,900 
14,000 

100 
2,000 
800 


7,700 
15,471,000 
895,000 
4,591,000 
1,380^090 


430,000 
"28,666 


400 
901,000 
6,900 
103,000 


'i'tto' 

"too 


Quaatit; 


2,987,000 


18,000 


•,m 

M,m 

94,000 
1,711,000 
10,000 
274,000 

m,m 


i,m 

2,166 


VahM. 


Sl«2,000 


400 


u» 

flOO 

4,100 
100,000 
100 
5,500 

4a^«» 


Quantit; 


1,356,000 


294,000 
819,000 


ValM. 


972,000 


11,000 

m,m 


100 


13,000 


10,000 
44,000 


300 
10,000 


Quantity 

(pMHidt). 


1,025,000 


20,000 

"  16,' 666 


7,500 
175,000 


47,000 
124,000 

8,000 

'5,' 666 
■■■2,'666 


200,000 

178,000 

»700 
430,000 
'2,300 

tV,m 


VahM. 


t57,000 


9,000 
800 


300 
10,000 


900 

fi,700 

SOO 
"266 

■""ioi 
'"iii 


6,900 
14,000 

100 
2,000 

800 
3,200 


> Mtkdm  arouatus,  with  catch^^as  toUows:  Pots  and^faaps^  561,000 psuacb. 


■t  S29,000;  pound  nets,  353,000  pounds,  valued  at  $18,000;  dredses,  (0119s,  etc, 
tMbwli*.  'ItTTniilhTTf  im 


Tabu  2.— OBBGOK— 91 


IT  PRODUCTS  OF  COLUMBIA  RIVER  DISTRICT:  1906. 


lOItt. 

Gill  nets. 

Wbeels. 

All  other  apparatw.* 

ssss. 

ValM 

(pOulMIS}. 

Vakw. 

ValM. 

QnaBtity 
(paoBds). 

VahM. 

QaantftT 
(pemids). 

VafeMu 

a,3U,0M 

9^m,m 

M,  643,000 

1031,000 

2,586,000 

$142,000 

1,355,000 

$72,000 

732,000 

$41,000 

rwi: 

Carp,  I'.erman  

30,000 
201,000 
4a3.0OO 
16,9oo.000 
147,000 

839,000 
2,013,000 
418,000 
t7,«0» 
1M,M 

178,000 

ao^Mo 

1,011.«» 

1,800 

21,000 
95,000 
7,400 

.s 

30,000 

300 

Catfish  

a6i,666 

17^000 

9,000 
300 
10,<lt 

7,700 
14,350,000 

147,000 

716,000 
858,000 
417,000 
17,000 
IM^OQO 

400 
860,000 
1,800 

18,000 
38,000 
7,400 

»,m 

94,000 
1,611,000 

»^m 

mm 

10,000 
44,080 

Salmon,  silver  

Salmon .  steelhead  

Sbad  

66,000 
813,000 
1,300 
000 

m 

1,300 
40,000 

un 

11,000 
218,000 

300 
M^OOO 

47,000 
194,000 

900 
6,700 

18,000 

178,000 

'Bwtiiiiaiiii  ■.  ■liliiirtift  Hliniiri  Fntmiltfiirii  rrmrnr-i"  |.«||  .....  .  w.  — I  — *LMfUHiHlli 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

TABLrS.— OREGON— FISHERY  PRODUCTS  OF  PACIFIC  COAST  DISTRICT:  1908. 


225 


TOTAL. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Vahie. 


raODVCT  CAUOBT  BT— 


Oill  nets. 

Seines. 

All  otber  I4>pantus.i 

-  - 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

—  -  - 
Value. 

Quantitv 
(pounds). 

Vahie. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

6,207,000 

$144,000 

401,000 

$10,000 

294,000 

su,ooe 

20,000 

800 

5,000 

100 

18,000 

400 

16,000 

TOO 

9,200 
1,700 

1,121,000 
748,000 

20O 

41,000 
5,300 
84,000 
13,000 

6,000 
24.000 

100.000 
M,000 
318,000 

u,m 

100 
MO 

3,900 
100 
4,200 

i,m 

8,666 

2,000 

30U 
100 

13,000 

600 

5,000 

aao 

11,000 

500 

1,500 

<») 

i^aoo 

200,000 
•  700 
430,000 
*2,300 

•  «,0Q0 

*  1,000 

100 

6,900 
100 

2,000 
800 

Total. 


Coitus  ooA, 
Flounders. 
Halibut... 
Herring, 


SlllUMI,  4fl(OT 

Salmon,  dmr, 
Salmon, 
Sculpin. 


Sea  trout  

Shad  

gWWWi,  or  bteck  snapper. 


AH 


Crabs,  hard  

Clams,  hard  

Clams,  soft  or  rasor  

Oystos,  market,  from  public  t 
03Wt—,  martEat,frBB>  jgivate  areas. 
Oyitai,  swd,  toHB  panto  i 


6,002,000 


$170,000 


20,000 
23,000 
16,000 
15,000 
28^000 

1,221,000 
758,000 

4,084,000 
456,000 

8,000 

2,000 
13,000 
6,000 

200,000 
•700 
<  30, 000 

•%aoo 


800 
500 
700 
300 


45.000 
5.200 
88,000 
14,000 

300 

100 
600 
200 
500 
100 

6,900 
100 

2,000 
800 

3,200 


1  Includes  apparatus,  with  catch,  as  follows:  Dredges,  tongs,  etc.,  58,000  pounds,  valued  at  $7,200;  pots  and  traps,  182/100  pounds,  valued  at  $6.uuu:  and  lines.  54  JMO 
.  .   


$2,200. 


•  lOOboAels. 


«  3,700 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

The  fisheries  of  Pennsylvania  may  be  grouped  in 
three  districts,  including,  respectively,  those  of  Dela- 
ware River  and  Bay,  those  of  Lake  Erie,  and  those  of 
the  Susquehanna  River.  The  following  summary 
presents  the  chief  statistics  of  the  fiahing  indostiy  for 
Uke  oitire  state  in  1908: 

Number  (rf  pemmB  employed   1, 250 

Capital: 

Vessela  and  boats,  including  outfit   $280,000 

Apparatus  of  capture   114, 000 

Shore  and  acceaacHy  property  and  caoh   87, 000 

Value  «rf  iModncts   613,  ODD 

Comparison  with  previous  canvasses. — In  comparing 
the  statistics  as  to  the  products  of  Lake  Erie  for  1908 
with  those  for  previous  years,  allowance  should  be 
made  for  the  results  of  a  strike  lasting  seven  weeks 
during  the  fall  season,  and  'for  the  effects  of  certain 
lestiictive  l^islation  recently  enacted.  In  1899  and 
1890  Uu^  catdies  of  lake  hmring,  amounting  to  over 
10,000,000  and  8,000,000  pounds,  respectiTdy,  made 
the  quantity  taken  much  larger  than  in  succeeding 
years.  The  total  catch  reported  for  the  Delaware 
River  and  Bay  district  in  1908  shows  a  marked  im- 
provement over  the  downward  movement  which  took 
place  from  1897  to  1904.  The  principal  data  for 
eariier  canTaases  are  shown  in  the  f <41owii^  oompara- 
tire  summaiy: 

TfTsr— 11 — U 


AMD  TBAB. 


Total: 

im.  

1903-4  , 

1007-1800.... 

Delaware  Btrer  and 
Bay  distriet: 

1908  

1904  , 

1897  

Snaquebanaa  River 
district: 

1008  

1004  

1897 

Lake  Erie  dtotriist: 

1908  

1001  

uao  


Persons 

em- 
ployed, 
exclu- 
sive of 
shores- 


1,172 


514 
395 
1,115 


440 

425 
346 

274 
$S2 
X4 


Tixna  OP  nmrmiit. 


TotaL 


Vessels 

and 
boats,  in- 
dadnc 


$394,000 


$280,000 


Appara- 
tus o( 
capture. 


$114,000 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Value. 


11,888,000  $513,000 


,  372,000 
1  $21,000 

2t>8,000 
200,000 

105,000 
U7,000 

10,414,000 

473, OUO 
MikflOO 

1  12fi,000 
73,000 
135,000 

116.000 
63,000 
110,000 

9.600 
10,000 
25,000 

1  3.987.000 
1,  (;:{().  000 
5,331,000 

254,000 
14;i,lX»J 
254,000 

14,000 
8,100 
6,000 

4,300 
2,800 
3,000 

9,800 
5,300 
3,000 

393,000 
416,000 

273,000 

26.000 
24,000 
16,000 

255.000 
291,000 
180,000 

160,000 
202,0(J0 
00,000 

95,000 
89,000 
90,000 

7,508.000 
8,3t>8,000 
14,853,000 

2:53.000 
305,000 
276,001 

PerwM  employed. — ^The  statistics  concerning  the 
persons  employed  in  tibe  fishniea  of  Penniyl^Hita  in 
1908  are  shown  in  the  next  tabular  statement. 

The  only  vessel  engaged  in  transporting  fish  was 
employed  on  Lake  Erie,  and  the  data  pertaining  to  it 
are  included  with  those  of  the  lislung  vessels. 

Of  the  13  shoresmen,  11  were  connected  with  the 
vessel  fisheries.  Thus,  including  shoresmen,  491  of 
the  total  number  of  persons  reputed  www  employed 
in  c<mnection  with  the  vessel  fisheries  ini  759  m  oon- 
nectijim  with  the  i^oie  and  boat  fiidieriea.  1%e  exoeaa 


226 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


of  the  number  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  over  that 
reported  for  vessel  fisheries  was  due  entirely  to  the 
influence  of  the  Susquehanna  River  district,  where  all 
fisheries  were  of  the  shore  and  boat  class.  In  both 
the  Lake  Erie  district  and  the  Ddaware  iuYer  and 
Bay  district,  pmoos  employed  m  Teasel  fisheries  oat- 
■■Mbind  tfcow  enploTed  in  tlie  shore  and  boat  fiab- 


ManiCT  AKO  CLAM. 

• 

iMaoM  waaunm:  IMS. 

NiiiiilMr> 

TMaL 

tors  and 
independ- 
ent fish- 
ermen. 

Sala- 
ried eol- 
ptoy- 
eea. 

WagB- 
eam- 

en. 

TotaL 

Sala- 

ries. 

Wage*. 

i«l 

10 

67* 

1198,000 

K,aoo 

*SI»2,000 

Shore  and 

«0 

7S7 
U 

27 

m 

10 

,  443 

233 

13 

177,000 

19,000 

3,100 

6,800 

170,000 

19,000 
3,100 

A^nr&Tp  River  aad 
fcy  district  

sao 

n 

10 

434 

91,000 

6,800 

84,000 

Vessel  fisbecies... 
Sbore  mA  kMt 
fistMta  

260 
281  1 

10 

256 

172 

G 

228 

79,000 

10,000 

1,400 

108,000 

6,800 

72,000 

10,000 
1,400 

108,000 

76 

Lake  Erie  district  

VflMl  fisheries  >.. 



214 

27 
26 

187 

34 

7 

17 

1 

97,000 

8,400 
1,700 

800 

1 

97,000 

8,400 
1,700 

800 

mmn  Mi  boat 

60 
7 

449 

Shoresmen  

Susquehanna  River 
district  1  shore  and 
batt  fisheries  J  

432 

»  ExcloslvB  of  30  proprietors  not  fishlnp:. 

'Includes  provL^ions  furnishpd  to  the  value  otWtJMi, 

■  Includes  one  vessel  engaged  in  transporting. 


Equipment  and  other  capital. — The  following  tabular 
Statement  gives  the  distribution  of  the  total  capital 
Imated  m  the  fiihenM  of  Fnn^ylvania  In  1906: 


CLASB  or  ananam. 

▼Jin  «v  a«^Mnti»  osHB 

TotaL 

Delaware 
River 

Lake  Erie 
district. 

Sasque> 
hanna 

Tatal  

$481,000 

3183,000 

3284,000 

$14,000 

254.000 
186.000 
163.000 
23,000 
68,000 
51,000 
17,000 
26,000 
17,000 
600 
5.400 
3.500  ' 
114,000 
73,000 
41,000 
M,MO 
St,039 

106,000 
38,000 
31,000 

6,900 
68.000 
51,000 
17,000 
10.000 

8,300 

> 148.000 
148.000 
132.000 
16.000 

Outfit  

Vcaaeis  

Oatflt  

12,000 

7.500 
600 
400 

4,300 

800 

Row  

i.TOO 

3.300 
200 
9,800 

9,800 

Other  

3,200 

Apfwatos^^qjtare  

Sfc—MJboatflsheriea.  

9,600 
3,400 
6,200 

30,m 

95.000 
70,000 
25,000 
24,000 

gr"  

300 

vMwI  engafed  ia  traosportiiig. 


The  statistics  concerning  the  number  and  tonnage  of 
thoYaiiBloand  the  number  of  theboata  an  aa  foUowa: 


VESPri':  Avn  boats:  1908. 


Delaware 

River 
and  nay 
district. 

Lake  Eric 
district. 

Susque- 
hanna 
River 

district. 

^"^Hartiw.....'  

m\ 
If 

4BS 

m 
« 

6 

272 
15 

m 

• 
m 

» 

19 

SI 

m 

m 
m 

Boats,  BOBtbw.  

• 

6 
19 
9 

3U 
4 

SaU  

Row  

52 

201 
0 

Oth«.  

Tbe  Tafaie  of  fiehmi;  veoscio  composed  oy«r  one-balf 
of  the  total  inyestment.  Steam  vessels  predominated, 
and  steam  and  motor  boatd  also  largely  exceeded  all 
other  boats  in  value.  The  value  of  apparatus  of  cap- 
ture constituted  less  than  a  quarter  of  the  investment. 
Of  the  value  of  shore  and  accessory  property,  $20,000 
was  credited  to  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  and  $35,000 
to  tile  Teasel  fisiierieB.  Tlie  cash  ea]Mtal  amounted  to 
$3,400  in  the  case  of  tiie  duHre  and  boat  fisheries  and  to 
$29,000  in  the  case  of  the  vessel  fisheries.  The  total 
investment  in  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  therefore,  was 
$90,000  and  that  in  vessel  fisheries  $391,000. 

In  the  Delaware  River  and  Bay  district  fishing 
▼esseb  represented  censideraUy  more  than  half  of  the 
total  inTestmoit,  and  the  Talue  of  shore  and  aooesaoij 
property  Aid  the  cash  reported,  in  nearly  equal  pro- 
portions, accounted  for  the  bulk  of  the  remainder. 
The  value  of  apparatus  of  capture  formed  only  5  per 
cent  of  the  total  investment.  The  total  investment 
in  the  vessel  fisheries  of  this  district  was  $161,000,  as 
compared  with  $23,000  in  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 

In  the  Lake  Erie  district  <me-half  of  tiie  total  in- 
Teatment  was  in  fishing  vessels  and  one-third  in  appa- 
ratus of  capture.  A  few  sailboats  were  engaged  in 
fishing  on  this  lake,  but  no  sailino;  vessels.  The  appa- 
ratus of  capture  reported  for  the  vessel  fisheries  con- 
sisted almost  wholly  of  gill  nets.  The  total  investment 
in  the  shore  and  boat  fislMika  of  Pennsylvania  on  Lake 
Erie  was  only  $53,000,  wUle  that  in  the  Teasel  fish- 
eries was  $230,000. 

In  the  Susquehanna  River  district,  as  already  stated, 
the  entire  investment  was  in  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 

The  distribution  of  the  principal  kinds  of  apparatus 
of  capture,  by  fishery  districts  and  by  class  of  fisheries, 
IB  shown  in  tibe  next  tabular  Btatement. 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


227 


Bow  nets  

Dip  nets  

Eelpots  

Fish  baskets  and  traps. 
Fyke  and  hoopMta.... 

Gill  nets  

Pound  and  tn^  nets. . . 

Seines  

Spears  and  gigk  


ACTABATUS  or  captuke:  1906. 


Total. 


310 
82 
150 
126 
551 
19,228 
«6 
34 


Dtatribotedby 


Dela- 
ware 
River 
and 
Bay 
district. 


150 


74 
'23 


Lake  S  usque- 
Erie  hanna 
dis-  I  Hiver 
trict.  district. 


Distributed  by 
class  of  flshcries. 


19,054 


310 

82 


126 
551 
100 


Vessel 

fish- 
eries. 


17,316 


11 

an 


Shore 
and 
boat 
fish- 
eries. 


310 

82 
150 
126 
551 
1,912 
GO 
34 
500 


ProdiLds,  hy  species. — ^Table  1,  on  page  230,  gives  sta- 
tistica  of  the  quantity  and  the  value  of  the  fiahray 
pioduetaof  Pennsylvania,  by  species  and  by  apparatus 
of  capture.  Oysters,  blue  pike,  and  lake  herring  con- 
tributed to  the  total  value  of  the  product  34  per  cent, 
19  per  cent,  and  18  per  cent,  respectively,  representing 
in  the  aggregate  71  per  cent  of  the  total  value.  Sea 
bass  furnished  9  per  cent  of  the  total  Talue,  while  shad 
and  whitefiah  each  contributed  7  per  cent.  Thus  six 
species  are  shown  to  account  for  94  per  coit  of  the 
value  of  products.  The  remaining  6  per  cent  was  con- 
tributed by  21  species.  Of  the  six  leading  species, 
oysters  and  sea  bass  were  taken  from  Delaware  River 
and  Bay ;  blue  pike,  lake  herring,  and  whitefish  from 
Lake  Erie;  and  shad  in  nearly  equal  quantities  from 
the  Susquehanna  and  the  Maware  Birera.  Hah 
proper  re^reseaated  66  pear  cent  of  the  total  value  of 
products  and  oysters  the  remaining  34  per  cent. 

Products,  hy  fishing  grounds. — Of  the  total  value  of 
the  fishery  products  for  the  state,  the  Delaware  River 
and  Bay  district  furnished  50  per  cent,  the  Lake  Erie 
district  45  per  cent,  and  the  SusquduimiA  River  dis- 
trict only  5  per  cent.  The  quantity  and  value  of  the 
fishery  products  of  the  Delaware  River  and  Bay  dis- 
trict, distributed  by  species  and  by  apparatus  <^  cap- 
ture, are  shown  in  Table  2,  on  page  230. 

Oysters  contributed  69  per  cent,  or  more  than  two- 
thirds,  of  the  total  value  of  the  fisher}'  products  of 
this  district.  Of  the  fish  proper  reported,  sea  bass,  ale- 
wives,  and  diad  were  the  most  inqwrtant  as  regards 
quanti^.  Sea  bass  and  shad  exceeded  other  species 
ci  fish  in  value  also,  representing,  respectively,  66  per 
cent  and  26  per  cent  of  the  value  of  all  fish  caught,  and 
17  per  cent  and  8  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products 
for  the  district,  being  surpassed  only  by  oysters;  the 
alewife  catch,  however,  was  of 'comparativdy  little 
value.  The  aea-bass  product  was  taken  wholly  with 
linea,  and  the  shad  and  aknmes  were  taken  with  gill 
nets  and  •seines. 

The  statistics  of  the  fishery  products  of  the  Lake 
Erie  district  are  given  in  Table  3,  on  page  231. 

One-half  of  the  Lake  Erie  catch  was  composed  of 
lake  herring,  but  the  value  of  this  product  was  some- 


what lower  than  that  of  the  bhie-pike  catch,  which  con- 
tributed 41  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  Lake  Erie 
product,  as  compared  with  a  corresponding  proportion 
of  39  per  cent  for  lake  herring.  Whitefish  ranked  third 
in  both  quantity  and  value,  the  whit^flh  catdi  repr^ 
senting  16percentof  the  total  vahie  of  producta  of  this 
district.  Practically  the  entire  amount  and  value 
(96  per  cent  in  each  case)  of  the  fishery  product 
of  the  Lake  Erie  district  was  contributed  by  these 
three  varieties  of  fish.  Yellow  perch  was  the  only 
other  species  that  represented  more  than  1  per  cent 
of  either  the  total  quantity  or  the  total  value.  Oifl 
nets,  which  were  used  for  securing  practically  the 
enthre  lake-herring  catch  and  the  larger  part  of  the 
catch  of  both  pike  perch  and  whitefish,  were  by  far  the 
most  important  kind  of  apparatus  of  capture  employed 
by  the  fisheries  of  this  district. 

Table  4,  on  page  231,  presents,  for  the  Susquehanna 
River  district,  statistics  of  the  fishery  products  similar 
to  those  given  for  the  other  districts  in  Tabiea  2  and  3. 

Siad  alone  represented  79  per  cent  of  the  total  quanr 
tity  and  73  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River  catch,  eels  being  the  only  other  species  of 
any  importance.  About  two-thirds  of  the  shad  product 
was  caught  by  dip  and  bow  nets  and  the  remainder 
by  seines  and  gill  nets. 

The  following  tabular  statanent  distributes  the  vaiiie 
of  products,  by  species,  for  the  state  and  for  each  din^ 
trict: 


SPKCIXS. 


Total. 


nsb  

Pike  perch  (blue  pUu) 

Lake  nerring.  

Sea  bass  

Shad  

Wliltefish  

Ale  wives  

All  other  

Oysters  

Maik^  tamjgrivate 


Total. 


3513,000 


338,000 
96,000 

90.000 
44,000 
38.000 
37.000 
6.400 
26,000 
176,000 
134,000 
«Z,000 


Delaware 

River 
and  Bay 
district. 


1254,000 


79,000 


Susqoe- 


River 
district. 


336,000 


26,000 


44.0(K)  |. 
20.000 


19,000 


6,400 
8,400 
176,000 
134,000 


(') 

7,400 


3233,000 


233,000 
96,000 

m,m 


I  Leas  than  $100. 

Products,  hy  doss  of  fisheries. — ^The  next  tahqlar 
statement  shows  the  distribution,  by  species  arranged 
according  to  value,  of  the  value  of  products  for  the 
state  as  a  whole  and  for  the  two  classes  of  fisheries. 

The  vessel  fisheries  account  for  84  per  cent  of  the 
value  of  all  fishery  products  of  the  state  and  tot  76 
pw  cent  <^  that  <^  the  total  fiaheatdL  Oftheproducta 
of  this  class  <^  fisheries,  oysteia  were  by  far  the  most 
important,  contributing  41  per  cent  of  the  total  value; 
pike  perch  and  lake  herring  were  the  most  important 
fish  products,  together  representing  39  per  cent  of  the 
total.  Among  the  products  of  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries,  shad,  reported  exclusively  by  this  class  of 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


had  airafaM  iiMiijr  M  iftvwt  M  the  eombn^ 
of  aUmbflrlUL 


TotaL... 

Pike  'wrdk 
L»k«tamlai 

Shad  

Whitefisti  

■■M,  fcain  privatt  an 
•M,  taB  fJWc  awi. 


TALVB  or  WMwwm  urn. 

TataL 

YaaMi 
flsberiis. 

SlMn 

S513.000 

$433,000 

380.000 

33S,000  1 

n,m 

W,m 

44.000  1 
38.000 
37.000 
t).400 
26,000 
176,000 
134.000 

*~ 

257,000 
H>000 

n,ooo 

44,000 

80.000 
11,000 
6,400 

38.666 

2.600 
6,400 
16,000 

34,000 

10,000 
170,000 
IHOOO 

43.M0 

Statistics  conceming  the  products  of  the  vessel  fish- 
<f  Om  Mram  Mnr  mad  Bay  dktiict  are  pro- 
~  'a  the iniiofwing tabrfar  rtatamwit: 


IBOaVCTS  OF  VESSEL 
■MOaUKS,  DELA- 
WAMM  aim  AHD 

TotaL  

2,906,000 

0225,000 

Blneflsh  

7.S0O 
50,000 
14.000 
4,  701) 
11.000 
860.000 
12,000 
8,400 
*  006.000 
*  1,002,000 

800 
800 
500 
200 
300 

44,000 
200 
3.000 
134.000 

41,000 

Cod  

Croaker  

in^MB.  

Stnrseoo  

Ori>m.wmi,lHmramcmtm  

maratiB,  with  catch,  as  follows:  Dredges, 
d  at  S176JMn;  Uimb,  960,000  pounds,  valoed  at  147, 
I  poonds,  vataed  at  tV~~ 

» 129.000  basheb. 
*  148.000  bushels. 


ate.,  1J08,000 
■ai  !■  nets, 


Oysters  were  the  principal  species  reported  for  the 
Teasel  fisheries  of  this  district  and  represented  78  per 
of  the  value  of  their  catch.  The  remaining  22  per 
I  of  the  total  Tahie  wm  eontribiited  by  eight  species 
"  i  pn>i»ai,  all  of  wMdi,  iritli  thooaEMptkm  of  atar- 
geon,  were  taken  with  lines. 

Th?  next  tabular  statement  gives  the  statistics  of 
the  products  of  shore  and  boat  fift^f^rtfw  oi  the  Dela- 
ware liiver  and  Bay  {ILstrict. 

tte  chi^  products  of  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  of 
tiii  ilMliitI  nme,  in  point  of  Tahie,  shad  and  alewires, 
betk  fraab  and  aalted.  The  yraiae  of  theae  two  species 
to|!>etlier  constituted  90  per  cent  of  ^e  total  value  of 
the  catch.  Gill  nets  and  seines  were  the  principal 
apparatus  of  capture  used  in  this  class  of  fisheries. 

Statistics  as  to  the  products  of  the  vessel  fisheries 
and  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  of  Lake  Erie  are  pre- 
aaMltaTaUeSjOn  page  231.  Ftamanfcniieeto  this 
it  win  be  eaali  tlMift  in  both  ebMaaa  of  iiMee  Uoe  pike, 
bdsa  baiii^,  and  whitefish,  in  tbe  order  named,  were 
tbe  most  impottent  prodnota  aa  ngarda  both  qnantity 
value. 


TMal 
Alewivca, 

AlewiTeB,ayied...... 

Carp,  Oennao  

Cafflsb  and  bullheads. 

EeLs  

Shad  

Stri] 


^    Am  MUT 
BBLAVASB  Bim  AND  BAT 


lOOB. 


Total. 


Qaantitj 

(paonds) 


i.on.ooo 

61.5,000 
148,000 
12,000 
7,500 
4,200 
281.000 
7.200 

s,aio 


129,000 


Value. 


Pradoot  cao^tt  by— 


Gffl 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


415.000 


5,  :{(K) 

1.100 
1.000 
500 
300 
20,000 
800 


300,  (XK) 


3.,')00 
7,000 


100,000 
S,000 


Value. 


SIO.OOO 


3,000 


200 
500 


6,200 

no 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


605.000 


315.000 
148.000 

8.200 
500 

4,200 
181,000 

2.200 

6,000 


819,000 


2,300 
1.100 
800 

(«) 

300 
13,000 


crig>ts,  wMi 


of  4,200  pounds,  valued  at  $300. 


Aa  abeady  indicated,  the  Snaqaehaana  Biver  fish- 
eries were  all  of  the  shore  and  boat  class. 

Products,  by  apparatus  of  capture. — The  foUowillg 
tabular  statement  indicates  the  distribution,  by  appa- 
ratus of  capture  arranged  in  the  order  of  tlie  value  of 
their  catch,  of  the  value  of  products  for  the  different 
fiaheiy  diatricte  and  for  the  two  classes  of  fisheries, 
napectivelj.  Gfll  seta  took  piodneta  vahied  at  46  per 
cent  of  the  total  vabie,  and  these  were  the  most 
important  form  of  apparatus  in  the  Lake  Erie  district, 
where  tlie  catch  by  lines  and  pound  and  trap  nets  con- 
tributed less  than  7  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  prod- 
ucts. Dredges,  tongs,  etc.,  which  were  used  only  in 
the  Delaware  Biver  «ad  Bay  district,  took  products 
having  a  rabie  equal  to  69  per  cent  of  the  total  for  tluB 
district  and  34  per  cent  of  the  total  for  the  state,  hk 
the  Susquehanna  River  district  the  largest  value  of 
products,  46  per  cent  of  the  total  for  the  district,  was 
reported  for  dip  and  bow  nets,  the  use  of  which  was 
confined  to  tliis  district. 


TattL. 


VALUE  or  PBOOUCTS:  1908. 


TotaL 


Mawara 

River 
■MIBa^ 


- 


S513.000  $254,000 


nm  nets  

Dredges,  tOBfi,  ale  

Lines  

SetaMB  

Pound  and  trap  nets. . 
Dip  and  bow  i  ' 
Fish  traps. 
AU  Other.. 


235,000 
176.000 
49,000 
22,000 
13,000 
12,000 
5,100 
1,U0 


13,000 
170.000 
47,000 
18,000 


300 


Susque- 
hannn 
Bivar 


tM,000 


3,000 


1,600 
3,400 


12.000 
5, 100 
800 


Lake 
£rie 


1233,000 


219,000 


100 

is. 000 


DMribatadbr 
class  of  fisheries. 


^'essel 
flsher- 


$433,000 


210.000 
17ti.(X)0 
47.000 


Shore 
and 
boat 

fisher- 
ies. 


$80,000 


25,000 


l.liOO 
22.000 
13.000 
12,000 
5,100 
1,100 


Oysters. — The  yield  of  oysters  in  1908,  which  repre- 
sented 34  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products,  was 
larger  than  that  in  any  previous  year.  The  product 
was  entkely  from  Detawan  Bay;  all  the  maiket  oya- 
ters  were  taken  from  private  beds,  and  all  the  seed 
oysters  from  piiUie  I 


FISHERIES, 


The  following  tabular  statement  shows  tlie  changes 
in  the  quantity  and  value  of  the  yield  since  1880: 


YEAR. 

OTSTEB  PBODUCT. 

1008  

1,93S.000 
SII.OOO 

l,8ti2,(X)0 
927,  (MK) 

1,249,000 

0) 

$170,000 
104,0(10 
144, (HK) 
102.  («K) 
131.000 
180,000 

U04  -  

UK  

1800  

lan  

•  Notiapoitod. 


Blue  pike. — The  catch  of  blue  pike,  which  ra^ed 
first  among  the  fish  proper,  was  taken  wholly  on  hake 
Erie,  and  contributed  41  per  cent  to  the  value  of  the 
inoduct  from  this  district.   The  yidd  in  1908  was 

larger  than  that  in  any  previous  year  since  1890  and 
its  value  greater  than  that  reported  for  any  previous 
year.  The  following  tabular  statement  presents  the 
statistics  for  1890  and  succeeding  canvasses: 


TUB. 

Vftfoa. 

2,925.000 
2,170,000 
1.533,000 
3,340:000 

$9t;.ooo 

79.000 
46,000 

»,ooa 

noi  

1800  

LaTce  Jierring. — The  lake-herring  product  contrib- 
uted 18  per  cent  of  the  value  of  all  fishery  products 
reported  for  the  state  and  39  per  cent  of 'tiiat  reported 
for  the  Lake  Erie  district.  Wiih  the  ezeq>tion  of  a 
fractional  percentage,  the  entire  quantity  was  taken 
by  gill  nets.  Of  the  value  of  Ihe  Lake  Erie  catch,  92 
percent  was  credited  to  vessel  fisheries.  The  catch  of 
this  fish  has  decreased  rapidly  in  quantity  since  1S99, 
in  which  year  10,742,000  pounds  were  taken.  The 
following  statement,  which  giyes  the  quantity  and 
Talue  r^mrted  for  certain  earlier  years,  i^ws  that  the 
bii^iest  value  was  reached  in  1903: 


TBAB. 

LAKB-BBBRDrO 
HtOOQCT. 

Quantity 
(pooDda). 

Value. 

3.790,000 
5,750,000 
10,742,000 
8,01.3,000 

$90,000 

208.000 
134.000 
80,000 

Sea  ha88. — ^Tliia  species,  the  value  of  which  amounted 
to  9  per  cent  of  the  value  of  all  the  fishery  products  of 
the  state,  \\  as.  like  oysters,  taken  only  in  the  Delaware 
Biver  and  Bay  district,  where  it  contributed^  17  per 
cent  of  the  value  of  the  catch.  The  entire  quantity 
was  taken  with  lines  in  the  vessel  fisheries  and  repre- 
sented nearly  20  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  catch  made 
vessel  fi^ries  of  the  Delaware  Biver  and  Bay  dss- 
tiiet.   No  sea-bass  product  waa  reported  in  1904,  but 


BY  STATES.  229 

previous  canvasses  the  yields  were  as  large  as,  or  larger 
than,  that  of  1908,  although  of  somewhat  smaller 
value.  The  changes  in  the  catch  are  indicated  in  the 
following  tabular  statement: 


nAB. 

Quantitv 
(pounda). 

Value. 

RCiO.  000 

m).  ono 
9(r.',  000 
803,000 

$44,000 

36,000 
38,(100 
29,000 

1X97  

Shad. — ^This  fish  was  taken  in  botii  the  Delaware 

Biver  and  Bay  district  and  the  Susquehanna  Biver 
<listrict,  53  per  cent  of  the  total  value  for  the  state 
being  credited  to  the  former.  Of  the  total  product  of 
fish  proper,  this  species  formed  1 1  per  cent  in  the  state, 
73  per  cent  in  the  Susquehanna  liiver  district,  and  26 
per  cent  in  the  Delaware  Biver  and  Bay  fisheries. 
Seines  and  gill  nets  were  the  principal  f<Mnns  of  appara- 
tus of  capture  used  ia  the  shid  fishwies  of  tiie  Dd«irari 
River  and  Bay  district,  seines  taking  about  two-thirds 
of  the  catch;  in  the  Suscjuehanna  River  fisheries, 
though  these  two  forms  of  apparatus  were  used,  dip 
and  bow  nets  were  used  much  more  extensively. 

The  foUowing  tabular  statement  shows  that  there 
has  be«a  a  marked  dedine  in  ihe  prochict  of  this 
species  nnce  1890,  interrupted  only  in  1897,  wbea.  the 
catch  was  of  gtealbex  wi^^  tbouj^  of  less  vahie  than 
in  1892: 


TBAB. 

SHAD  PBODUCT. 

Qnantl^ 
(poonda). 

Vakib 

1908  

."iftl.OOO 
K»>.  (KK) 
2,007,000 
1,006,000 
2,800.000 
560,000 

$38,000 
52.000 
04.000 
110.000 
131.000 
28,000 

1890  

1880  

Whitfjisli. — The  value  of  the  whitefi.sh  catch  formed 
7  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  total  state  product  and 
16  per  cent  of  that  of  the  Lake  ESrie  product.  The 
vessel  fiaheries  of  Lake  BIrie  took,  by  means  of  gill  nets, 
products  valued  at  92  pw  cent  ai  the  total  vahie  f<Mr 
whitefish.  Though  greater  than  the  catch  in  1903, 
the  quantity  taken  in  1908  was  much  less  than  that 
reported  in  any  year  previous  to  190.3.  while,  as  the 
following  tabular  statement  shows,  the  value  in  1908 
was  practically  the  same  as  that  in  1880  and  that  in 
1890: 


QtaaatttT 
(pooBda}. 

Vataa. 

1908  

455,000 
53,000 
016,000 
758.000 
078,000 

$37,000 
3,900 
47,000 
36,000 
35,000 

FISHERIES  OP  THE  TJNITKD  STATES,  1908. 

Table  1.— PENNSYLVANIA— FISHERY  PRODUCTS:  1908. 


Ate  wives.. 
Blaclc  bass 
Bluefish. .. 

^^jGenn*Q._......  


Cod  

Croaker  

Drum,  fresh- water. 

EeU  

FkNindera  


Unf,  oreelpoat.. 

P«Th,  yellow  

Pike  and  pickerel. 


fBOOOCT  CA 


cm 


Quantity 
(pounda). 


U,MB,000 


767,000 
1,000 
7,500 
71,000 


Kto  perch  (blue  pike). 


pikB). 


si,m 

4,700 

3,796,000 
47,000 
85.000 
14.000 

2,025,000 
10,000 
12,000 

£8 

593,000 
1^000 
7,300 
16,000 
500 

57,000 
700 
10.000 
456,000 


„    «906,000 

OystflfB,  aeed,  from  public  mm..  *  1,082,000 


Striped 
Stoiyeea. 
OtTiar. 


Backers,  or  mullet. 

Troat,  lake  

White  bass  

WhiteOah  


Value. 


S513,000 


Oysters,  market,  from  private 


I 


6,400 
200 
800 
2,200 
1,700 


90,000 

200 
3,400 
1,600 

96,000 
80O 
1,000 
300 
41,000 


aoo 

800 

3,700 
500 

1,500 
(») 
400 
37,000 


134,000 
42,000 


Quantity 
(pomuto). 


7,650,000 


300,000 


44,000 
7,000 


400 


Vahie. 


t235,000 


3,781,000 

47.000 

73.000 
7.500 

2,760,000 
19,000 


150,000 


5,000 
8,400 


16,000 
700 


432,000 


3,000 


800 
MO 


(*) 


80,000 

200 
2,900 
400 

90,000 
800 


0^900 


500 

2,600 


20O 


35,000 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


970,000 


1,000 
7,500 
2,000 
IfOOt 


Value. 


•40,000 


200 
800 
100 


500 
4,700 


8>880 


Am 


(') 


200 


1,200 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


722,000 


467,000 


8,200 


200 


Value. 


8»,000 


3,400 


800 


238,000 


2,200 


6,500 


17,000 


200 


400 


Pound  «Ml  tnp  Mta. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


888,000 


13,000 
U,000 


8a»ooo 


15,000 


12,000 
600 


156,000 
"12,066 


7,600 
500 


28,000 

16,666 


Value. 


All  other  app  vr  i!n  -  ' 


Quaptity 
(pounds). 


818,000  8,811^000 


200 
000 


300 


500 


500 
(») 

5,800 

"i,'666 


1,100 

500 
500 


400 


4,000 
7,900 


981,800 


7,500 


*  906,000 
« 1.082,000 


Value. 


800 


i9;Mi 


^  .  l^"*** apparatus.  «Ml«ML«iritoOT:  Snte,  t«n 1,988,000  poonda, 
MfcljilrHj  ■ad  traps,  56,888    ■■     wiMd  at ttjaig  iiwSMiaA^  8^ 


^^76,000;  dip  nets  and  bow  nets,  906,000  pounds,  valued  at  812,000 
•el  pota,  4,200  pounds,  vahMd  at  8300;  and  fyke  and  boop  nets,  5,300 

•148^ 


Tablb  2.— PENNSYLVANIA— fishery  PRODUCTS  OF  DELAWARE  RIVER  AND  BAY  DLSTRICT:  1908. 


Flab: 

AlMlTCa,ft«ifa  

Alawires,  salted...................  

Bluefish  * 

Carp.  German  

Catfish  and  I 


Cod, 


Oysters,  market,  from  private  areas. 
Oysten,seed,  fhHn  public  areas...., 


Quantit; 


615,000 
148,000 
7,500 
12.000 

7.500 

50.000 
14.000 
4,200 
4.700 
11.000 

8(-0.000 
281.000 
12,000 
7.200 
8,400 
5,500 

»  906,000 
« 1,032,000 


Value. 


«M,000 


5,300 
1,100 

800  ! 
1,000 

500 

800 
500 
300 
200 
300 

44,000 
20,000 
200 
800 
2,600 
400 

134,000 
42,000 


Lines. 


Quantity 
(poiuids). 


9BO.00O 


7,500 


50,000 
14,000 


4,700 
11,000 


860,000 
"12,666 


Value. 


800 


800 


200 
300 

44.000 


All  other  apparatus.' 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


615,000 
148,000 


12,000 
7,808 


4,200 


981,000 


7,200 
8,400 
5,500 

*  906,000 
<  1,033,000 


5,300 
1,100 


1,000 


300 


20.000 


800 
2,600 
400 

134,000 
42.000 


■  Inrhides  ap 

at  |l3iX»:'  and* 
ij  

•1 


FISHERIiSS,  BY  STATES. 

Table  3.— PENNSYLVANLA— FISHERY  PRODUCTS  OF  LAKE  ERIE  DISTRICT:  1908. 


Total. 


Carp,  Gennan  , 

Catnsh  and  bullheads. 

Drum,  fresh- water  

Lake  herring  

Unc,oreeqmit  , 


Peccfa.  yellow  

PU»  and  pickerel  

Pike  perch  (blue  pike)  , 

Pike  perch  (saueer)  

Pike  poch  (waU-eyed  pike) . 


Stoigeoo . . , 

Caviar  

Suckers,  or 
Trout,  lake 
White  bass 
Whiteflah.. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


7.508,000 


88,000 

11.000 

33,000 
3,796,000 
47,000 

85,000 
8, 100 
2,925,000 
19.000 
12,000 

7,600 
500 
44,000 
700 
10,000 
455,000 


Value. 


8988,000 


800 
600 
300 
90,000 
200 

3,400 
500 
96,000 
800 

1,000 

1,100 
500 
700 

(•) 

400 
37,000 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


6,770,000 


400 
3,533,000 
44,000 

64,000 
7,500 
2,623,000 
19,000 


15,000 
700 


423,000 


Value. 


8908.000 


(•) 

83,000 
200 

2,500 
400 
85,000 
800 


200 
(») 

"34,'666" 


TotaL 


Pnduct  caught  by— 


oainets.* 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


738,000 


13,000 
11,000 
33,0n0 
263,000 

2,600 

21.000 
600 
302,000 


12,000 

7,600 
500 


10,000 
32.000 


Value. 


825,000 


200 
600 
300 
6.400 

(') 

900 
(•) 

11,000 


1,000 

1,100 
500 


Quantitv 

(pounds). 


416,000 


Value. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


813,000 


889.000 


900 


248.000 

2,600 

9,200 

146,666 


100 


400 

2.600 


8.880 


5.000 

(•) 

400 
'4,806' 


I. ').  000 

II,  000 
33,000 
15,000 


Value. 


813,000 


200 
600 


700 


12.000  I 
600 
156,000 


12,000 

7,000 
500 
98.000 


10,000 
23.000 


500 

(•) 

5,800 


1.888 

1,100 
500 
500 


1.1 


>  All  the  product  was  caught  by  gill  nets.  *  Indudes  lines  used  for  taking  catfish  and  bullheads.  ■  ham  than  8100. 

Tabu  4.-PENNSYLyANIA-FISHEEY  FRODTTCTS  OF  SUSQUEHANNA  RIVEB  DISTRICT:  1M6.* 


Total. 


Alewives,  fresh 

Black  bass  

Carp,  Qennan 

Cattish 


Eels  

Pike  and  pickerel . 

Shad  

Suckers,  or  mullet . 


TOTAL. 


Qoaattty 
(pooadsV 


393,000  S26.000 


Value. 


3,800 
1.000 
6,000 
.  7,300 

49,000 
5,800 
.312.100 
7,500 


200 
400 
500 

4,700 
1,200 
19,000 
400 


PBOOUCT  CAUGHT  BY— 

UlHB.* 

Ano4lMrm»* 
ratos.* 

Qoaattty 

Value. 

Qnaattty 
(ponnds). 

VataM. 

'    59.000  • 

S4.600 

333,000 

<22.000 

3,800 

4.  IHK) 
7,200 

49,000 

(•) 

300 
500 

4,700 

1,000 
2,000 
100 

500 
5,800 
50,000 

200 
100 
(•) 

(*) 

1,200 
3,000 

262.000 
7.500 

16,000 
400 

i 

>  All  taken  In  shore  and  ix>at  fisheries. 

*  Includes  giil  nets  used  for  taking  shad  (50,000  pounds,  valiictl  at  SS.OiH)  i. 

>  Includes  apparatus,  with  catch,  as  follows:  Dip  and  bow  nets,  jori.oixi  pounds,  vslued  at  812,000;  fish  baskets  and 
61,000  pounds,  valued  at  83,400;  speais  and       6,000  pounds,  valued  at  $500,  and  fyke  and  hoop  nets,  5,300  pounds,  valued  at 

« "  ■"   


BBOSB  KLAMD. 

The  general  statistics  for  the  fisheries  of  Rhode 
Island,  as  reported  for  1908,  are  as  fdlom: 

Number  of  pereons  employed   1, 493 

Capital: 

Vesseb  and  boats,  including  outfit....   1647, 000 

Apparatus  of  capture   230, 000 

Show  and  tcemory  property  and  caah   027,000 

FalneofpBodiieCB   1,752,000 

Comparison  with  previous  canvasses. — The  following 
tabular  statement  gives  comparative  statistics  for 
those  years  for  which  figures  are  available: 


TSAB. 

Penons 
em* 

ployed, 
exclusive 
ofshores- 

VALVE  OF  EQUIPMENT. 

PKODUCTS. 

TotaL 

Vessels 
and  boats, 
indoding 

ootflt. 

Appara- 
tus of 
capture. 

Quantitv 
(pounds). 

Valoa. 

1908  

1902  

1888. 
1880. 

1,404 
1,708 
1,425 
1,340 
1,284 
1,602 

$877,000 
715,000 
535,000 
437,000 
406,000 
882,000 

IIIPI 

$2:tn.ooo 

2(t7.0«)() 
169.000 
151,000 
110,000 
86.000 

44.254,000 
23,896,000 
21,614,000 
32,854,000 
127,366,000 
88,080,000 

$1,752,000 
1.547,000 
1,156,000 
955,000 
935,000 
881.000 

A  comparison  of  the  returns  for  1908  with  tliose  for 
1905  shows  an  iiuiiease  in  the  value  of  equipment  and 


FISH£EI£S  OF  THE  UNTTESD  STATES,  1908. 


m  qwuilitj  and  value  of  products,  and  a  decrease  in 
tlw  wmAet  of  pmam  employed.  Far  the  total 
uifwtuMiil  in  eqaqmeBt,  tbe  iBTwtaMnt  m  ap|Nur»- 
tiis  of  capture,  and  the  Tahie  of  prodactSy  tiM  sta- 
tistics show  gains  at  each  canvass,  as  compared  with 
the  one  preceding.  The  variations  in  quantity  are  due 
chiefly  to  the  great  fluctuations  in  the  menhaden  catch, 
which  was  over  112,000,000  pounds  in  1889,  less 
tiutt  1,000,000  pounds  m  1902,  and  nearly  18,000,000 
poimdsmim.  His  total  Tahie  of  prodnetSyhoweyer, 
iilittls  aJiseted  by  the  catch  of  this  lo«r-|irioed  &h. 

Persons  employed. — The  distribution  of  the  persons 
emplovetl  in  the  fisheries  of  the  state  is  shown  in  the 
tabular  statement  given  below.  Almost  one-half  of 
As  total  wmnhf  vers  employed  in  the  shore  and 


Total . 


Vessd  fisheries  

Transportine  vessels. . . 
Sboreand  boatfisbertes 


msom  xMPMno:  ISOS. 


Total, 


1,493 


629 
49 

726 
W 


Pto- 
prie- 
tonand 
inde- 
pend- 
ent 
fisher- 
men. 


>  565 


132 
12 
121 


Sala- 
ried 
em- 

ploy- 


26 


23 
"3 


Wage- 
earn- 
ers. 


902 


474 

37 
302 
89 


Total. 


sago. 000 

225.000 
24.000 
98,000 
43,000 


Sala- 
ries. 


3,900 


Wages. 


>S3(B.00O 

202,000 
24,000 
94,000 
43,000 


'  Exclusive  of  24  proprietors  not  fishing. 
» Includes  provisions  furnished  to  the  value  of  $34,000. 

Equipment  and  other  capital. — Statistics  with  respect 
to  tbe  ^rtnlmtkHi  of  the  equipment  and  otlier  capital 
npettod  for  the  firiMriss  of  the  state  are  as  follows: 


▼«Esels.  incin 


I  and  motOT. 
Out  fit  


Vessel. 

Outfit., 
Barges  

Outfit  


I  and  motor) 


Steam  and 

Sail  

Bow  


VahM. 


fl,  504, 000 


Num- 


4tV»,000 
4C<0. 000 
372,000 
88,000 
1,700 

i.ino 

coo 

2,400 
50.000 
41,000 
9,100 
133,000 
110,000 
3,300 
18,000 
1,400 
230,000 
111,000 
119,000 

m,m 

ITS,  080 


138 
119 
112 


5 
19 


Ton- 


2,055 
1,847 
1,828 


19 


208 


815 
232 

17 
550 

16 


Of  the  total  capital  employed  in  the  fishing  indus- 
tiy,  43  per  cent  was  invested  in  vessels  and  their  out- 
fita  Mid  iMMite  and  15  per  e«nt  in  apparatus  of  capture, 
vidle  42  per  ewt  represented  the  Tshie  of  Aon  and 

•ccessory  propert}'  and  the  amount  of  cash  reported. 

Exclusive  of  shore  and  accessoiy  property  and  cash, 
the  investment  credited  to  fishing  and  transporting 


vessels  aggregated  $626,000,  of  which  82  per  cant  rep- 
resented the  value  of  the  vessels  and  18  per  cent  the 
vahie  of  apparatus  of  eapture.  For  the  shore  and 
boat  fifliieries  the  ctnfeBponding  investment  was 
$251,000,  of  which  53  per  cent  lepxesented  the  tsIim 
of  boats  and  47  p«  ecnt  the  rtiae  at  ajppantai  d 
capture. 

The  following  tabular  statement  shows  the  number 
of  the  more  important  kinds  of  apparatus  of  captun 
reported: 


Kon>. 


Beam  trawls... 
Eel  and  lobster  ] 

Fyke  nets  

GUI  nets  

Pound  and  trap  nets. 
Seines  


Uacdl 


TotaL 


13 

22,840 
606 
G30 
276 

n 


10 

GIO 

46 
622 
93 
17 


Shore  and 

boat 
fisheries. 


3 

22,230 
562 
8 
188 
41 


Products,  hy  species. — Table  1,  on  page  234,  gives  the 
weight  and  rahie  ot  the  &^ery  producto  of  the  state, 
distributed  by  species  and  by  appantns  ci  capture. 

The  value  of  the  shellfish  products  of  the  state, 
including  the  squid,  constituted  69  per  cent  of  the 
value  of  all  fishery  products.  The  oyster  product,  as 
measured  by  value,  was  the  most  important  in  the 
state.  In  quantity  also,  if  figured  at  gross  weight, 
tlie<rf8ter  eatdi  largely  exceeded  the  catch  of  all  other 
fishery  prodocte,  amovniiiBg  to  neaiijr  60,000  tons  on 
this  basis. 

Products,  hy  class  of  Jisheries. — The  products  of  the 
vessel  fisheries  are  shown,  by  species  and  apparatus  of 
capture,  in  Table  2,  on  page  235,  and  the  products  of 
the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  are  similarly  distributed 
in  TaUe  3,  <m  page  236.  Hie  following  tabular  state- 
ment gives  the  distribntian,  meeax^Siag  to  apeeks,  <tf 
the  total  value  of  products  reported  for  the  state  and 
for  the  vessel  fisheries  and  the  shore  and  beat  fifWiw^ 
respectively: 


Total. 


Fish  

Scup  

Squeteague,  or  weakfldi. 

Ffatfidi  aad  flsmdos. . . 

Maihaden  

Cod  

Butterfish  

Mackerel  

Swordflsh  

TautOK  

Sea  baas.  

Haddock  

Eels  

Mackerel,  diob  

Pollack  

AW  other  

Oysters  


TotaL 


11,752,000 


caams. 


643,000 
158,000 
72,000 
60,000 
48,000 
42,000 
42,000 
25,000 
18,000 
17,000 
12,000 
11,000 
11,000 
9,800 

2i!oSo 

909.000 
152.000 
77,000 
6,«i» 
3,8W 


Veasd 


31,198,000 


314,000 
98,000 
31,000 
30,000 
47,000 
23,000 
13,000 
21,000 
18,000 
3,900 
5,900 
8,500 
1,300 
6,400 
4, 100 
3,800 
879,000 
2,200 
900 


Shore  and 

boat 
fisheries. 


3554,000 


228,000 
00,000 
41,000 
19,000 
900 
19,000 
29,000 

4,aoo 

200 
13,000 
6,900 
2,500 
9,200 
4,500 
3,800 
17,000 
!t0,(HH) 
150. 0(K) 
76,000 
3,700 
3.300 


The  vessel  fisheries  contributed  a  little  more  than 
two-thirds  of  the  total  value  of  products,  including 
practically  all  of  the  value  reported  for  the  mraihaden 
and  swoidfish  catches  and  91  per  cent  of  the  total  value 
of  the  oyster  product. 

Pndudt,  ly  apparahu  of  capture— In  the  following 
tabular  statement  the  value  of  products  is  distributed 
according  to  apparatus  of  capture  for  all  fisheries  and 
for  the  vessel  fisheries  and  the  shore  and  boat  fish- 
eries separately: 


wsam  or  ArruuTOB. 

Total. 

Vessel 
flsheries. 

Sboreand 
^  bogt 
fldmies. 

$1,752,000 

$1,198,000 

$554,000 

1,008,000 
388,000 
163.000 
55,000 
40,000 
21,000 
19,000 
14,000 
5,800 
39,000 

879,000 
196,000 
3,000 
35,000 
3.3,000 
19,000 
18,000 
12,000 
1,600 
900 

129,000 
192,000 
159,000 
20.000 
6,900 
1,900 
1,400 
1,500 
4,200 
38,000 

The  catch  with  dredges,  tongs,  and  rakes  consisted 

of  oysters,  clams,  mussels,  and  scallops,  and  the  value 
of  the  products  taken  in  this  way  represented  58  per 
cent  of  the  total  value  reported  for  all  fisheries,  nearly 
three-fourths  of  the  total  value  reported  for  the  vessel 
fisheries,  and  not  quite  one-fourth  of  the  total  value 
reported  for  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries.  In  the  latter 
class  of  fisheries  the  catch  with  pound  nets,  trap  nets, 
and  weirs  led  in  value,  the  principal  species  taken  by 
these  apparatus  being  scup,  squeteague,  and  butterfish. 

Oysters.— The  total  oyster  yield  in  1908  was  1,229,000 
budiek,  with  a  value  of  $969,000,  of  which  1,223,000 
bushels,  valued  at  $967,000,  were  market  oysters,  and 
5,500  bushels,  valued  at  $2,500,  were  seed  oysters. 
All  of  the  market  oysters  were  from  private  areas,  and 
of  the  seed  oysters  3,000  bushels  were  from  public  areas 
and  2,500  biinhels  from  jHrivato  areas.  Seven  hundred 
•  and  twenty  thousand  bushels,  valued  at  $590,000,  were 
reported  as  taken  from  Rhode  Island  oyster  beds  by 
Connecticut  fishermen.  Recent  canvasses  have  shown 
a  material  increase  in  the  market-oyster  product  of  the 
state,  as  indicated  by  the  following  tabular  statement : 


MABXSMTBTW 

noDocr. 

QuaatitT 
(bosiialB). 

Value. 

1,22.3,000 
755,000 
516,000 
457,000 
933,030 

$967,000 
874,000 
561,000 

373,000 

1905 
1902. 

Lobster. — The  lobster  catch  formed  an  important 
part  of  the  shellfish  products  of  the  state.  Compara- 
tive figures  for  a  series  of  years,  as  given  in  the  follow- 
ing tabular  statement,  show  a  g^eral  increase  in  the 
quantity  and  value  of  the  lobstor  product: 


STATES.  23» 


tmim. 

MMsn  r 

QaanUtv 
(paonds). 

BOOOOV. 

Value. 

1,425,000 
5.30.000 
397.000 
578,000 
456,000 
^000 

$152,000 
64,000 
39,000 
43,000 

vtm 

The  great  increase  in  the  lobstw  product  during 
recent  years,  and  especially  since  1905,  is  due  largely 
to  the  work  of  the  Rliode  Island  Commission  of  Inland 
Fisheries,  which,  as  a  result  of  numerous  experiments, 
has  devised  a  method  of  rearing  young  lobsters  until 
they  become  able  to  care  for  themsdves,  and  has  thus 
made  it  possible  to  increase  greatly  the  nomber  of  lob- 
stefs  infaalntii!^  the  urattom  of  the  state. 

Sewp. — This  was  the  leading  fish  in  value,  represent- 
ing 9  per  cent  of  the  value  of  all  fishery  products  and 
29  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  catch  of  fish  proper. 

The  catch  of  scup  for  different  years  has  been  as  fol- 
lows: 


Quantity 
(poands). 

Vataie. 

4,616,000 
5,540,000 
6,833,000 
6,300,000 
•,<3«,330 

tUB,03B 

138,000 
161,000 
76,000 
3a^«30 

The  figures  show  a  decrease  in  quantity  together 
with  an  increase  in  value  since  1905,  and  a  large 
increase  in  average  value  since  1898. 

Squeteague. — Of  the  fish  proper,  squeteague  ranked 
second  with  respect  to  the  value  of  the  catch  in  1908. 
The  stadsUcs  for  the  various  canvasses  since  1880  are 
as  follows: 


nuB. 

QuantitT 
(poands). 

Vatae. 

3,427,000 
3,223,000 
3,158,000 
3, 136,000 
406,000 
330^000' 

372,000 
86,000 
76,000 
64.000 

17.000 
(') 

t  Not  icpoctad  aepantdy. 


The  laxgest  catoh  in  respect  to  both  quantity  and 

value  was  reported  in  1905.  The  decrease  in  the  catch 
of  this  species  shown  in  1908  has  been  attributed  to 
the  fact  that,  just  as  the  squeteague  were  beginning 
to  run,  target  practice  took  place  at  Fort  Greble,  near 
the  mouth  of  Narragansett  Bay.  The  firing  of  the 
heavy  guns  is  bdieved  to  have  frightened  the  fish 
away,  although  it  has  not  been  positivdty  decided  that 
firing  actuslly  affects  the  run. 


wuammnSSaei 

QoanUt^ 

» 

190<  

1.891.000 
1.143.000 
1.135.000 
1,710.000 
530.000 
352,000 

350,000 

35,000 
28,000 
28.000 
12.000 
(') 

1906  

1902  

un  

» Not  reported  separately. 

Menhaden. — Owing  to  the  irregular  appearance  of 
this  fish  in  great  numbers  in  coastal  waters  and  the 
adrwMivMitiMr  oonditions,  there  is  great  yariation  in 
the  mUk  far  Mratjian,  m  the  tabular  statement 
lite: 


ilSHEBIES  Of  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 

Fkt^uk  and  founders. — These  are  important  food 
•ad  tfM  loUl  T«lae  cf  the  catch  Atm  an  in- 
far  eadi  year,  as  indiealed  hftheloflowiiv  tabu- 
aMwmgh  the  quantity  has  flnctuated: 


Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

1908  

17,942.000 
1,026,000 
471.000 
3, 140.000 
112,580.000 
08,004,000 

$48,000 

3,000 
1.200 
7.tiOO 
281.000 
222,000 

1905  

1902  

im  

The  catch  in  1908  shows  a  heavy  increase  over  that 
in  1896  and  sahseqpMnt  years,  alUioiigh  it  did  nol 
reach  the  proportioDB  attained  in  1889  and  1880. 

Practically  all  of  the  catch  is  ocmsmaed  in  the  oil  and 

fertilizer  industries.  The  average  values  are  com- 
paratively steady,  ranging  from  a  minimum  of  $4.84 
per  ton  of  2,000  pounds  for  1898  to  a  maximum  of 
$6.46  in  1880,  the  mean  of  the  averages  being  $5.42 
per  ton,  or  sabstantia%  the  same  as  the  average  for 
1906. 


Table  1.— RHODE  ISLAND— FISHERY  PRODUCTS:  1908. 


TIenin? . . 
Kin  i;  fish. . 
Mackerel. 


diab. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Perch,' 

Pickerel  

Pollack  


Shad  

Silver  liafc^l 

Smelt  

lueteagH^  «r  weak- 


Bwofdfisk. 

Tautoe.... 
A U  other.. 


OnUhs^hard 
cans,  hard  (i 


Oyaten,  seed,  fhim  public 


Oysters,  seed.  Si 

areas  

Periwinkles.  

Sealkms  

Sqatd  


288,000 
40,000 
2,000 

1,497,000 
149,000 

1,891,000 
41.'>.000 
2.300 

214,000 
1,000 
537.000 
379.000 
17,»12,000 

15.000 

600 
2«>1, 000 
4,616,000 

m,m 

4,900 
534,000 

1,200 

2,427,000 

u,m 


498,000 

r>.2oo 

146,000 
1,425,000 
162,000 

1;S 


•8,564,000 

•21.000 

» 18.000 
•  1.500 
'  4.000 

202,000 


Value. 


3,700 
100 


11,000 

50,000 
11,000 
100 

1,900 
100 

25.000 
9.800 
48,000 

900 
100 
7.800 
158,000 
12,  iw 

40O 

3,000 

100 

72,000 

•.m 

1&«0 

it  000 

100 

2.900 
152,000 
39.000 

m 


967,000 


1,000 

200  ^ 
(iOO  , 
«,600 


1  ^""■■l^^&f^'^ 

Fykemdhocp 

AUottMraip*. 
fatOB.« 

Q^titv 
(pMudt). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(podBda; 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds) 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

VaiiM. 

Iif,40o,oeo 

1388,000 

jl.fiSyOW 

155,000 

10,648,000 

340,000 

593,000 

321,000 

241,000 

35,800 

11,538,000 

31,242,000 

48.000 
28.000 

700 
2.  .500 

^  ""'5,'666' 

"'566' 

241.000 
1,  liTO 
1,000 
7,000 
1,000 

3,900 
100 

(») 
200 
100 

""'6,' 566' 

'"'766' 

""i,666" 

•■(V)"-- 

l,ltt,000 

,514.000 
3(1.000 
1,050.000 
61,000 
1,800 

204.000 

1.000 
lit). 000 

1  7, 777, 000 

42,000 

14.000 
2.300 

27.000 
1.700 
100 

1.900 
100 

5.200 
4.100 
22,000 

983,000 

28,000 

4,000 

100 

4,000 

200 

1,000 
34,000 

100 
900 

113,000 
496,000 

8,300 

u,m 

7(5,000 
314,000 
500 

2.200 
7.600 
(») 

235,000 

5,500 

40,000  1  1.800 

10.000 

70.000 
7,000 

2,700 
200 

IH.OOO 
2fiO,000 
9,989,000 

15,000 

1.100 

5.500 
25,000 

900 

334,000  Iti.OOO 

175,000 

1,000 

600 

100 

94,000 
4,M^O0O 

1,300 

534,000 

1.200 

2,326,000 

m,m 

2.500 
158,000 
11,010 

300 

3,600 

100 

60,000 
4>3W 

172,000 

5,400 

13,000 

1,30B 

M» 

100 

3,  no 

200 

14,000 

i,ait 

500 

62,000 

1,400 

26.000  1  900 

Mt 

308,000 

2,500 

18,000 

200 

272,666 
4,800 

9,000 
(») 

171,000 
1,500 

6,900 
(*) 

0,500 

300 

2,500 

100 

146,000 
1,425,000 
162,000 
275,000 
3,500 

•8,564,000 

< 21, 000 

•18,000 
•1,500 
M,000 

2,900 
1.52.  (XX) 
.39,000 
38,000 
100 

9(>7,000 
1,500 
1,000 

aoo 
m 

• 

202,666  1 

6,e66  j 

•  Inehides  apparatoi^  


Mows:  DredfM^  ^•■iPB>  and  rakes,  8,767,000 pounds,  valued  at  31,008,000;  eel  and  loheter  pots,  1,670/100  pounds,  TahMd 
ted  at  319,000;  bMBi  trawls,  49(>,ooo  poonda,  Taliwd  at  $14,000;  and  mJoor  apparatus.  232,000  poonids,  Taiiwd  at  830,001 


FISH£ia£S,  BY  STATES. 

Tabu  8.— RHODE  ISLAND— FBODUCT8  OF  VESSEL  FISHERIES:  19Q8. 


8S5 


38,003,000  31,198,000 


Kb: 


Alewives. . 
Blueflsh... 
Butterfisb. 


^rtflishi 


land  flounders... 

Haddock  , 

Herring. 


Menhaden. 
Pollack.... 


tOTAL. 


Quantity 
(poonda). 


32,000 
18,000 

361,000 
8,000 

813,000 

14,000 
1.179,000 
322,000 

46,000 
438,000 


Sea' 

Sqneteague,  or  weakflah 


Striped  bass. 
Swordflsh... 

TautoK  

Whlti^. 


Crabs,  hard.  

Lobster  

Clams,  hard  (quahauKs). 
Clams,  soft  


ftvn  pifp 


OystNB, 

vate  areas..  

Oysters,  saad,  from  piddie 

areas  

Oi'sters,  seed,  from  private 
areas  

saoki  


17,753.000 
134,000 
2,908,000 
96,000 
1,078,000 

1,400 
305,000 
123,000 
106,000 

1,800 

4,000 

18,000 
»  1,300 
«  4,800 


•7.814,000 

•2,800 

'  18,000 
53,000 


Value. 


500 
1.800 
13,000 

100 
33,000 

1,300 
30,000 

8,500 
600 
31,000 

i,m 

47,000 
4.100 

98.000 
5.900 

31,000 

200 
18,000 
3,900 
700 
100 

100 
2,200 
300 
600 


878,000 

200 

1,000 
900 


rWWOOf  CAINHR  ST— 


1 

Pound  nets,  trap 
nets,  and  weirs. 

Lines. 

Seines. 

Gill  nets. 

Fyke  and  boop 
nets. 

Quantity 
(poonds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(poonds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(poonds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(poonds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

VahMb 

13,111,000 

3196,000 

1,227,000 

335,000 

10,328,000 

333,000 

5S7,oai 

819,000 

63,000 

81,600 

8,615.000 

sei4,4» 

33,000 
U^OOO 

tsr.ooo 

500 
1,400 
13,000 

8,300 

300 

800 

100 

4,000 

100 

1 

3,000 

100 

1  mJm 

3,000 

718,000 

20,000 

14,000 
433,000 

616,000 

15,000 

50,000 

282,000 

1.400 

6,700 

20,000 

400 

60,666 

1,500 

40.666 

i,866 

46,666 

51,000 

m 

2,400 

36,000 

1,400 

16,000 
356,000 

0,980,808 

1,100 
5,400 

SS^flOO 

334,000 

16,000 

7,580,000 
29,000 

2,908,000 
89,000 

1,023.000 

1,400 

21,000 
1,000 

08.000 
5,200 

30.000 

200 

m,ooo 

1,000 

104,000 

3,100 

7,300 
4,600 

700 
200 

1 

48,000 

i,666 1  3,666 

100 

306,000 

18,888 

102,000 
106,000 

3,200 
700 

21,000 

800 

800 

(•) 

1,000 

100 

4.000 

100 

18.000  2,200 
•  1,300  ;  300 
<  4.800  600 

•7,814.000 
•2,800 
'18,000 

878.000 
200 
1.000 

53.000  »XJ   

'  IncludeaanMUratus,  with  catch,  as  follows:  Dredges.  tonRS,  and  rakes.  7,8:}5,000  pounds,  valued  at  $879.i>i>1;  h;irpoons  and  spears.  :iO.'.(lOO  pounds,  vaload  at  tIMIIS 
beam  trawk,  iSfiOO  pounds,  valued  at  312,000;  eel  and  lobster  pots,  37,000  pounds,  valued  at  33.600;  and  minor  apparatus,  6, 100  pounds,  valued  at  3900. 
 •   — .  . — •mhmMu.  f  2,800  boMi 


4 


FISHERISS  OF  TH£  UNITED  STATES,  1906. 

Taxm  8.— RHODE  ISLAND— PBODUGT8  OF  SHORE  AND  BOAT  FISHERIES:  1908. 


Bloefisb... 
BaniMMls. 


tt: 


Perch, 
Picfcml. 


Shad  

Silver  hak^«r 
Smelt  


Qmaids: 


Value. 


10.351.000 


$.554,000 


256.000 
22.000 
2,000 
7S1,000 

%m 

684,000 
135,000 
712,000 
93,000 
1,800 

160,000 
1,000 
90.000 

m,m 

15,000 
600 
132,000 
1,708,000 
1M,000 


MiMel 

0;«eis,  market,  from  private 


Omen,  sead,  from  pvblic  areas. 

PeriwinUHL,^  

ScaUopa...  


'18,000 

•1.500 
•4,000 
240,000 


1,900 
100 
»,00» 


19,000 
9,200 

19,000 
2,500 
100 

1,300 
100 
4,200 
4,M0 
•BO 

900 
100 
3,800 
60.000 
5,900 

400 

3,000 
100 


4,600 
200 
13,000 


2,800 
150,000 

39,000 
37,000 
100 


8i,000 

1,300 
200 
600 

S,7D0 


woBoct  CAvmn  vr— 

Pound  nets,  tni> 
nets,' hmI  ipein* 

Fyke  and  hoop 
neta. 

OlBnete. 

1  Quantity, 
(pounds),  j 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 

(pounds). 

1  Value. 

1 

Qoantity 

(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

6,286,000  $192,000 

601,000 

120,000 

320,000 

86,900 

178,000 

$4,200 

35,000 

$1,900 

2,922,000 

8338,000 

1 
1 

AO,  IMW 

i 

1  lAA 

241,000 
500 
1,000 
7,000 
1,000 

3,900 

(«) 

(») 
300 
100 

1,800 

aoo 

0,500 

700 

1,000 

(') 

744,000 

»,m 

419.000 
36.000 

434,000 
61,000 
1,800 

159,000 
1,000 
65,000 
112,000 
188,000 

11,000 
2,300 

12,000 
1,700 
100 

1,300 
100 
2,800 
4,100 
000 

266,000 

7,400 

1.000 

100 

1,000  i  100 
14,000  400 

98,000 
63,000 

6,800 
1,600 

.26,000 
32,000 

900 
800 

175,000 

4,000 

10,000 

(') 

33,000 
7,000 

1,400 
200 

5,000 

200 

400 

(') 

15,000 

900 

COO 

100 

65,000 
1,708,000 
95,000 

1,200 
430,000 
1  1,200 

i,m,M8 

28,000 

"i7o,'66b' 

1,500 
60,000 
5,300 

200 
3,000 
100 

»,m 

<») 

08,000 

2,300 

5,600 

500 

500 

100 

1,800 

200 

8,900 
1,688 

"iiil^m 

1,800 

400 

aoe 

w 

14,000 
1,800 

""i,*666' 

400 
200 
■■■■366' 

22,000 
1,500 
""2,'566' 

800 
100 

"""'ioo' 

2,'8(')6 
2,500 

266 
300 

142,000 
l,40<i,000 
•101,000 
«271,000 

•3,500 

•749,000 
'18,000 
•1,500 
•4,000 

2,800 
150,000 
39,000 
37,000 
180 

89,000 
1,300 
200 
600 

240,000 

5,700 

1 

1 

qipantos,  with 
'tiwag^^MOpounda, 


iS  lobster  pots,  1,033,000  piWlll,  valued  at  $159,000;  dredges,  tongs,  and  rakes,  932,(»)0  pounds,  valued 

■•W^OO;  hM^ocma^^sg^rs, 20,0Q0^>o^h^^mlBed jj^j^^^^^y^^"**' ^^^So'fi^Mifc*' $38,000. 


< 


FISHEEIEb,  BY  STATES. 


237 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

The  value  of  the  fishery  products  of  South  Carohna 
in  1908  was  less  than  the  value  reported  for  any  other 
South  Atlantic  state.  Oysters  contributed  nearly  half 
of  the  total  yahie,  while  diad  was  the  most  yalu- 
able  species  of  fish  proper.  A  canning  industry  of 
considerable  extent  located  at  Charleston  disposed  of 
a  large  part  of  the  oyster  product,  and  of  small  quan- 
tities of  mullet,  shrimp,  and  clams. 

The  following  statement  presents  a  summary  of  the 

statistics  of  the  fishing  industry  for  1908: 

Nlimb«r  of  penons  employed   2, 559 

Oopital: 

Vessels  and  boats,  including  outfit  $92, 000 

Apparatus  of  capture   16, 000 

Obm  aiid  acceaaovy  pnqpeity  and  cMb   6,^ 

Value  (rf  pxoductB   288,000 

Comparison  with  previous  canvasses. — ^From  the 
tabular  statement  given  below,  which  presents  com- 
parative statistics  for  the  years  for  which  canvasses 
of  the  South  Carolina  fisheries  have  been  made,  it  will 
be  leMt  that  tiie  canvass  of  1887  showed  a  decrease  in 
both  quantity  and  '^ihw  of  products,  as  conq>ared 
wi^  the  preceding  canvass,  but  that  each  subsequent 
canvass  has  shown  an  increase  in  these  items.  In- 
creases in  the  number  of  persons  employed  and  in  the 
capital  invested  in  equipment,  which  took  place 
between  1880  and  1890,  were  followed  by  decreases  in 
1897|  but  increases  were  reported  in  1902  and  1908, 
althou^  the  number  ei  persons  employed  in  1908  was 
lees  than  the  number  «DEiployed  in  1890. 


1908. 
1808. 
1887. 
UOO. 


PersfKis 

em- 
ployed, 
exclu- 
sive of 
shores- 
men. 


TALUE  or  EQUIPMENT. 


Total. 


2,530 
2,178 
1,934 
2,577 
1,356 
08< 


$10!).  000 
82, UOO 
80,000 
83,000 
88,000 

n.ooo 


Vowto 
and 

boats,  in- 
cluding 
outflt. 


892,000 
62,000 
50,000 
61,000 


Appa- 
ratus Of 
capture. 


116,000 
19,000 
31,000 
22,000 
1^^800 


FBOOVCIS. 


Qumtit^ 


14,104,000 
8,174,000 
6,280,000 
4,»«&,000 
4»0Sn,080 
6,148,000 


Vahie. 


1288,000 
263,000 
210,000 
203,000 
UB,000 
2U,000 


>  Does  uot  include  fisheries  above  tidewater.      *  Not  reported  separately. 

Persons  employed. — The  following  tabular  statement 
gives  statistics  as  to  the  persons  employed  in  1908: 


CLASS. 

tmom  BmunmK  1888. 

Number. 

Wages. 

Proprie- 
tors and 

inde- 
pendent 
flsher- 
mtn. 

Wage- 
earners. 

2,550 

>  1,634 

925 

*  886,000 

830 

16 
2,188 
28 

46 

2 

1,586 

280 
14 

602 
29 

38,000 
2,100 

42,000 
2,600 

All  oi  the  shoresmen  -wen  employed  in  shMe  and 
boat  fidw»ries»  The  indepraident  fishenam  in  tiie 
shore  and  boat  fishwies  largely  outnumbered  Uiose 

employing  wage-earners.  The  low  average  amount 
of  wages  paid  indicates  that  a  large  number  of  the 
wage-earners  were  employed  for  only  a  part  of  the 
time. 

E^ipment  and  other  eapUoH, — ^The  foUowii^  tabular 
statement  gives  tiie  vafaie  of  the  equipment  and  the 
amount  of  othw  capital  employed,  the  number  and 
tonnage  of  vessels,  and  the  number  of  boats  enqployed 
in  the  fisheries  of  the  state: 


CLASS  UF  INVESTliENT. 


Total. 


Vessels,  including  out&t  

Fishing  

Steam  and  motw  

VcMda.  

Outfit  

SaU  

Vessels  

Outfit  

Tna^orting  

Stnm  and  motor  

VcnelL  

Outfit  

Sail  

Boats  

Steam  and  motor  

SaU.  

Row  

Other  

.\pparatiis  of  capture  

Vessel  (Ishcries  

Shore  and  boat  fisheries... 
Shore  and  accessory  property. 


EQUIPME.NT  AND  OTHER  CAflTAL: 

1908. 


Valoe. 


SIM. 000 

50,000 
43,000 
8,600 
8.100 
400 
35,000 
33,000 
1,000 
7,700 
6,200 
5,000 
1,200 
1,400 
42,000 
6,100 
23,000 
12,000 
2,000 
16,000 
800 
15,000 
3,400 
8,800 


NoOMr. 


106 

loe 

8 


04 


1,07ft 
78 


048 


88 
24 


3 

1,719 
17 
440 
1,380 


>KxeliialTeof«7 


fcw«»u*t~<  lo     Tshw  of  ttt. 


All  the  cash  capital  antl  shore  and  accessory  prop- 
erty pertained  to  shore  and  boat  fisheries.  The  total 
investment  was  therefore  distributed  as  follows:  In 
shore  and  boat  fisheries,  $63,000;  in  vessel  fmheriee, 
$44,000;  and  in  tran^rting  veasds,  $7,700. 

The  investment  in  fishing  vessels  and  tiieir  outfte 
and  that  in  boats  were  substantially  the  same.  To- 
gether they  represented  nearly  three-fourths  of  the 
total  capital.  Of  the  investment  in  apparatus  of 
capture,  only  a  small  portion  pertained  to  the  vessel 
fineries,  llie  numbers  of  the  more  imp<Mrtant  kinds  ct 
apparatus  repmted,  all  of  which  with  tiie  exception  of 
one  seine  were  employed  in  the  8h<»e  and  boat  fisher- 
ies, w^  as  foUows: 

Bow  net.s   12 

Cast  uets  281 

Dip  nets   20 

Gill  nets  20 

Harpoons,  epears,  etc   28 

Seines   27 

Shiimp  nete   92 

Products f  "by  species.  Table  1,  on  page  240,  gives 
the  fishery  products  of  the  state,  by  species  and  by 
apparatus  of  capture.  Though  a  large  number  of 
species  are  represented,  oysters  contributed  78  per 
cent  of  the  total  weight  and  48  per  cent  of  the  total 
value.  The  value  of  the  catdi  fish  proper  constituted 
43  per  oMit  of  the  toUd  vidue  ol  {MPoiduets.  Shad  was 


FISHERIES  OF  TH£  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


liw  fciiiini,  species  of  fish  proper,  and  lepraaented 
WW  third  of  the  Tihw  of  fiah  wpiartod  and  14  per  emi 

of  the  value  of  all  products. 

Products,  hy  class  of  fisheries. — The  following  tabular 
statement  shows  the  (hstribution  of  the  value  of 
products,  according  to  species,  for  the  state  and  for 
each  class  of  fisheries: 


sridxs. 

• 

ruxm  m  mauoem.  MW. 

Shore 
and  boat 
fisberies. 

1220,000 

F!sh  

in,m 

41.000 

22,000 
19,000 
17,000 

8,700 
15,000 
137,000 
19,000 

6^300 

22,000 

101,000 
41,000 

4,400 
17,000 
17,000 

8,300 
13,000 
90^000 
19,000 

0,300 

3,400 

Shad  

!  i7,6n6 

;  2,000 
L'OO 
400 
1,800 
46,000 

SRSu^:.:  

Statistics  of  the  products  (rf  the  vessel  fisheries  of 
the  state,  by  species  and  by  apparatus  of  capture,  are 
given  in  Table  2,  on  pas^e  240.  The  value  of  the 
products  reported  for  these  fisheries  formed  24  per 
cent  of  the  value  of  all  products.  Oysters  contributed 
6B  per  cent  of  the  Tafaie  of  the  veasel  fiahery  products, 
and  the  baft  of  the  fidi  eakli  eouiated  of  sea  haaa. 

Statistics  of  the  products  oi  the  ahote  and  boat 
fisheries  of  the  state,  by  species  and  apparatus  of  cap- 
ture, are  given  in  Table  3,  on  page  241.  This  class  of 
fisheries  contributed  76  per  cent  of  the  value  of  all 
fishery  products,  but  not  quite  so  large  a  percentage  of 
the  total  quantitj.  The  rahie  of  oysters  represented 
41  per  cent  of  the  Taloe  of  the  shore  and  boat  prod- 
wtt,  and  that  of  fish  prop»  46  per  eent.  ikH  cmsta- 
ceans  and  mollusks,  other  than  oysters,  were  taken  in 
the  shore  and  boat  fisheries.  Shad  was  the  leading 
species  of  fish,  and  its  value  formed  considerabl}^  over 
one-third  of  the  value  of  the  catch  of  fish  proper. 
The  mullet  product  and  the  whiting  product  were 
ptactieally  equal  m  vahie. 

J^whcft,  if  mffmmtmt  ef  eaplurt, — ^Ihe  following 
tabular  statement  diows  the  distribution  of  the  value 
of  products,  according  to  apparatus  of  captuie  used, 
for  the  state  and  for  each  class  of  fisheries: 


TALox  or  noDucis:  1006. 


TetaL 

Vessel 
fisheries. 

Shore 
and  boat 
lUwriML 

308,000 

00,000 

143,000 
50,000 
43,000 
19,000 

46,000 
19,000 

96,000 
41,000 
43,000 
19,000 

JSfc::::::::::::::::::;;;::::::::::::;:: 

Dredges,  tongs,  etc.,  were  used  in  securing  the 
oyrtcr  product  and  most  of  the  ummp<H*tant  dam 
product.  Tothisformof  apparatus  78  per  cent  of  the 
total  quantity  and  50  per  cent  of  the  total  Tafaie  of 

products  are  credited. 

The  value  of  the  products  taken  by  fines  formed 
20  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  fishery  products  in 
the  state.  Sea  bass  and  wliiting,  the  most  important 
spei»es  caught  by  lines,  tofi^her  contributed  65  per 
cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  Una  catch.  Over  two- 
tliirds  oi  the  value  of  the  fine  catch  was  reported  from 
the  shore  and  boat  fisheries.  In  this  class  of  fisheries 
lines  took  products  valued  at  19  per  cent  of  tlie  total 
value;  and  in  vessel  fisheries,  where  the  line  catch  con- 
sisted mostly  of  sea  bass,  they  took  products  valued  at 
28  per  cent  of  the  total  vahie. 

Qffl  nets  ranked  third  hi  ralue  of  catch,  comtribatii^ 
15  per  cent  oi  the  value  of  the  total  fishery  product. 
They  were  used  only  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries; 
the  value  of  the  products  taken  by  these  nets  was 
slightly  greater  than  the  value  of  the  cutcli  by  lines  in 
this  class  of  fisheries,  the  proportions  which  the  values 
ci  the  two  eatehes  represented  of  the  total  yalue  of  the 
shcm  and  boat  produ<^  being  20  per  cent  and  19  per 
cent,  respectively.  Shad  contributed  92  per  CiBt  of 
the  value  of  the  gill-net  catch. 

The  catch  by  cast  nets  supplied  7  per  cent  of  the 
value  of  the  state  product.  Their  use  was  confined  to 
the  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  the  catch  with  this  class 
of  apparatus,  which  comuted  of  shrimp,  prawn,  and 
mullet,  omtribiiting  9  per  cent  of  the  total  Tahie  of 
products  reported  for  these  fisheries. 

The  value  of  the  product  taken  by  means  of  seines 
represented  6  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  state 
product.  Eight3'-five  per  cent  of  the  seine  catch  in 
quantity  consisted  of  mullet,  and  was  taken  chiefly  in 
the  shoro  and  boat  fidieries. 

Oytten,—ASL  of  the  oysters  reported  wero  mazket ' 
oysters,  and  the  bulk  of  the  product  waa  from  pubfic 
areas,  the  quantitj  takm  from  private  areas  forming 
slightly  less  than  6  per  cent  of  the  total.  The  greater 
part  of  the  oyster  product  was  used  by  the  canneries. 
Prices  were  low  in  1908,  the  average  being  less  than  9 
cents  per  bushel,  while  some  fishermen  received  as 
little  as  4  cents. 

The  increase  in  the  yield  of  oysters  has  been  steady 
and  rapid  since  1887,  and  is  largely  accountable  for 
the  increase  shown  by  the  total  fiaheqr  product  <rf  the 
state  since  that  year. 

Though  ranking  among  the  leading  fishery  products 
of  the  state  in  1880,  oysters  did  not  outrank  all  other 
kinds  of  products  until  1897,  and  the  canvass  of  1902 
was  the  fint  in  wfaidh  the  quantity  of  the  yield  of  oys- 
ters exceeded  that  of  all  other  ^peeies  combined.  The 
quantity  of  the  product  in  1908  was  more  than  two  and 
ane-foiurth  times  that  in  1902. 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


239 


TXAB. 

OTSTBB  PRODUCT. 

Quantity 
(buabels). 

Valoe. 

Aimmnt. 

Averaee  per 
bushel 
(ceoU). 

1,.'>63,000 
690,000 
215,000 
63,000 
38,000 
M^iOO 

$137,000 
118,000 
45,000 
23,000 
19,000 
90,000 

9 
17 
21 
» 
30 
40 

1897  

1890  

STiad. — Shad  ranked  second  in  importance,  con- 
tributing 14  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  total  yield 
and  a  third  of  that  of  the  catch  of  fish  proper. 
The  entire  product  was  taken  in  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries,  and  its  value  composed  19  per  cent  of  the 
value  of  the  total  catch  of  such  fisheries.  These  fisli 
were  caught  abnost  entirely  with  gill  nets.  The  fluc- 
tuations in  the  quantity  and  value  of  the  catch  for  a 
number  of  years  an  shown  in  the  followii^  tabular 
statement: 


SHAD  TWODVCt. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

U08  

464,000 
434,000 

506,000 
563,000 
366,000 

$41,000 

21,000 
28,000 
41,000 
23,000 
12,000 

1890  

8m  hoMt. — ^The  catch  of  sea  bass  was  somewiutt 
larger  in  quantity  than  that  of  shad,  but  its  value  was 
only  a  little  over  half  as  great.  Though  second  in 
importance  among  the  fish  proper,  sea  bass  furnished 
but  8  per  cent  of  the  value  of  all  products  of  the  South 
Carolina  fisheries.  The  value  of  the  sea  bass  taken  in 
the  vessel  fisheries,  however,  constituted  25  par  cent 
of  the  total  value  of  products  and  77  per  cent  of  the 
value  of  the  fish  proper  reported  for  such  fisheries. 
The  bulk  of  the  product  was  taken  in  the  vessel 
fisheries  with  lines.  The  following  tabular  statement 
gives  statistics  of  the  sea-bass  product  for  those  years 
for  which  figures  are  available: 


•mat. 

Quutitv 
(poondfi). 

Value. 

1908  

491.000 
710,000 
632,000 
82G.000 
889,000 

S22.000 
27,000 
26.000 
26,000 
29,000 

1807  

1890  

18S7  

Mullet. — Mullet  re})resented  7  per  cent  of  the  value 
of  the  total  fisher}^  product  of  the  state.  Neariy  90 
per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  catch  was  repwted  for  the 
shore  and  boat  fisheries,  and  over  two-thirds  of  the 
value  represented  product  taken  with  seines.  Of  the 
total  product,  nearly  a  sixth  was  salted.  The  product 
for  1908  shows  a  large  increase  over  that  of  former 
years,  as  is  indicated  by  the  following  tabular  state- 
ment: 


TUS. 

miun  raoDocf . 

(pounds). 

• 

Vatac 

i9as  

664.000 
1.39.000 
56.000 
388,000 
300,000 
332,000 

119,000 
3,800 
1.100 
9,400 
10,080 

7,aot 

1902  

1897  

1890  

18m  

Whiting. — The  catch  of  this  species  liad  a  value 
equal  to  6  per  cent  of  the  value  of  tlie  total  state 
product.  Though  in  quantity  the  catch  of  wliiting 
was  less  than  half  as  great  as  that  of  mullet,  in  value  it 
ranked  little  below  the  latter,  as  a  result  of  the  higher 
price  paid  for  whiting  on  the  maricet.  This  fidi  was 
taken  almost  wholly  in  the  diore  and  boat  fisheries 
and  with  lines.  The  whiting  catch  in  1908  was  con- 
siderably less  than  in  former  years,  as  is  mdieated  by 
the  following  tabular  statement: 


HHIUHI  1 

Quantity 
(poanda). 

Value. 

1908  

274,000 
606,000 
638,000 
£21,000 
618,000 

817,000 

30.000 
28,000 
21,000 

240  FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


mmmoa  caoort  bt~ 

Cnaali. 

_ 

Quantity 

Valne. 

Quantity 
(poandB). 

Vahie. 

Quantity 
dwuEda). 

Vataie. 

Quantity 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pwada). 

Valne. 

Quantity 
(pouBda). 

Valne. 



tno.0BO 

1,380.000 

jEaa  ASA 
oaa,uBu 

ajs  mm 
W3,IW 

MiA  MIA 

•ia  imA 
9IV.UUU 

667,000 

816,000 

11,180,000  1  8151,000 

7.400 
11.000 
20.000 
85,000 

100,000 

4.700 
40.000 
3. 100 
004,000 
4,200 

12.000 
34.000 
491.  an) 
404,000 

72,000 

20.000 
66.000 
183.000 

5,000 
274,000 
17.000 
2,200 

33.000 
452.000 
12,000 

*7S,000 

« 10,331,000 

> 610. 000 
MOO 

300 
300 
400 
2.800 

2.500 

200 
1,000  1 

300 
19,000 
400 

400 

1.000  1 

7.400 
6.000 
19.000 
82.000 

107,000 

100 
40,000 

300 

6,000 

200 

400 
£f  iw 

2,400 

(») 

1.000 

500 
OW 

1,000 
700 

(*} 
(«) 

(n 

TOO 

inn 

Flounders  

3,900 

30O 

Btekofyatttd.  

2,900 

a,ooo 

300 
2,800 

200 

(?) 

i.eoo 

4,200 

12,000 
33.000 

100 
400 

400 
1,000 
21,000 

07,000 

8,800 

484,000 

18,000 

 **  

Sailor's  choice  

700 
8,100 

8m  bus  

22.000  483.000 

Shad  

41,000 

1.400 

900 
1.800 
8.700 

300 
17,000 

eoo 

100 

900 
19.000 
2.400 

i^aao 

8.000 
(») 

449,000 

40,000 

15,000 

1,200 

Shark  

72,000 
19,000 
28.000 
152,000 

2,000 
267,000 
15,000 

2,200 

33.000 

1,400 

900 
800 
7,300 

100 
17,000 
500 

100 

900 

200 
22,000 
6,400 

600 

(») 

700 
300 

100 

300 
16,000 
9,400 

500 
0,000 
3,600 

(•) 

300 

600 

100 

aoo 
uo 

Spot  

Squet«ague  

15,000 
2,000 

600 
100 

StrlpM)  bass  

Crabs,  hard  

Shriinp  and  prawn  

306,000 

U^OOO 

34,000 
1,800 

300 
400 

111,000 
10,000 

•Ti^OOO 

410,881,000 

*  610, 000 
MOO 

3,700 
1,900 

%m 
iso^oo* 

8,000 

Ctai,lHnl  

Ojstm,  market,  from  public 
areas  

Oysters,  market,  from  inivate 

AUgator  hides  j 

1 

« Includes  apparatni,  wift  ta^A,  as  follows:  DredgCL  taqa,  etc,  11/>14/)00  pounds,  valued  at  8143,000;  shrimp  nets,  111,000  poonda,  valued  at  63,700;  bow  neta, 
poonds,  valued  at  S1,IMC  AOM^  22,000  pounds,  vataedaOIMSkiVOoaa,  apears,  etc.,  3,900  MOHlLTtlued  atS200;  and  minor  MMMOw,  14,000  pounds,  vaload  it  I 

»Uaathan»IOa  < 9,500  bushels.  M, 476,000  bushels.  ''87,000  bushels.  •2Staide8. 


Tabu  2.— SOUTH  CABOLINA— PRODUCTS  OF  VESSEL  FISHERIES:  1908. 


» 

PBOnUCT  CAUGHT  BY— 

Dredjes,  tonps.  etc. 

Lines. 

Seines. 

Qnantitv 
(poimda). 

Vahie. 

Quantity 
(poonds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(poonds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(poonds). 

Value. 

4,329,000 

S68.O0O 

3,820,000 

646.000 

435,000 

819,000 

74,000 

0,800 

3,000 

40,000 
50,000 
12,000 

6,000 
6.000 
4.000 

2,000 
2,200 

13,705,000 
M15,000 

100 
1.000 
2,000 
400 
17,000 

.  200 
400. 

200 

100 

45.000 
1.100 

2,000 

100 

40,000 

1,000 

80>000 

8,000 

^,000 

400 
17,010 

S,000 

6,000 
6,000 
4,000 
3,080 

300 

oao 

M 

^SXmgat 

Whittae!  

YelJowtail  

2,200 

100 

Oysters,  market,  from  poWe  anw  

3,705,000 
115,000 

45,000 
1,100 

1 

1 


\ 


ilBHEBIES,  BY  STATES. 

Tabls  8.— SOUTH  CAROLINA— PBODUCTS  OF  SHORE  AND  BOAT  FISHERIES:  1906. 


841 


Total. 


Fish: 

Blueflsh 
Bream . . 
Catfish . , 
Channel 
Croaker. 


Drum,  salt-water. 

Floundm  

mckorysted.... 
IgBrt..  


ftnqMno  

Saflor's  choice. 
Sea  bass....... 

ffliad  

Shark  


Sheepshead. 

Spot  

Bqueteague. 


Whiting. 
Yellowtall. 


Crabs,  hard  

Shrimp  and  prawn. 
Terrapin  


Claiiis,  hard.  

Oysters,  market,  from  public 
"areas  

Oysters,  market,  from  private 
"areas  

Alligator  hides  


T 


rmaovot  ckvom  bt— 


Vahia. 


9,776,000 


7,400 
11,000 

20.000 
2.5.000 
83,000 

83,000 
4,700 
8,100 


80,000 

4.200 
34,000 
106,000 
464,000 

72,000 

20.000 
(».000 

178,000 
6,000 

270.000 
16,000 

33.000 
452. 000 
12,000 

> 76, 000 

«  6,626,000 

•490.000 
•100 


8220,000 


300 
300 

400 
800 
2.700 

1,700 
200 
800 
14,000 
8,100 

400 
1,000 
4,400 
41.000 
1.400 

900 
l.iJOO 
8,300 
800 
17,000 
500 

900 
1!).000 
2,400 

6,300 

83,000 

6,000 
(*) 


OOlBfltS. 

Ltoaa. 

Cast  nets. 

Seines. 

.Vil  other  apparatus. ' 

(poonds). 

Vataie. 

(poonds). 

value. 

Qnantlty 

(pounds). 

1  VataM. 

Qoantity 
(poonds). 

VahH. 

Qnant^ 
(poonds). 

VakM. 

566,000 

843,000 

053,000 

841,000 

404,000 

819,000 

493,000 

813,000 

7,800,000 

8104,000 

7,400 

6,000 
19.000 
24.000 
82.000 

82,000 
100 

300 
200 

400 

5,000 

200 

500 

1  500 
500 

500 
700 

2,900 
76,000 

8,000 

(») 

(') 

(') 

(*) 

300 
2,100 

soo 

700 
2,700 

400 

500 

300 

(») 

(») 

(') 

1.700 
(*) 

't  CUV)  {  onn 

200 

{*) 

1,600 

100 

07,000 

8,800 

350,000 
84,000 

8,300 
3,000 

4.200 
33,000 
103,000 

400 
1,000 
4,200 

TOO 
3,100 

(■*) 
200 

449,666 

40.666 

1 

15,000 

1,300 

72,000 

19.000 
28.000 

152,000 
2,000 

267.000 
15.000 

33,000 

1,400 

900 

200  ('-) 
22. 000  700 

300 
10,000 
4,400 

500 
2,000 

600 

{») 
100 

200 

too 

100 
<*> 

800 
7,300 
100 
17,000 

500 

ti,400 
500 
600 

300 
100 
(«) 

15.(JU0 
2.000 

600 
100 

1 

000 

360,666 

16.000 

31.000         :<oo  111.000 

1  MMI            iliti  !         In  mn 

3,  TOO 

1,900 

c,aoo 

88,0N 

6,90» 

•70,000 

«C«M,000 

•496.000 
•100 

1  Includes  apparatus,  with  catch,  as  foUows:  Dredges,  tamu,  ctfi.,  7,194.000  pounds,  valued  at  886,000;  shrimp  nets.  Ill  .000  poands,  Tained  at  88.700:  bow  nati.  UMO 
pounds,  valued  at  $1,200;  dip  nets,  22,000  pounds,  vahiedatlnO;  baipoons.  spears,  etc..  3.900 poiuids,  Tataed  at  S20o;  and  minor  unmtn.  14iMi0lMonds.  ▼ataadKCuBI 
•Less than 8100.  •  9,600 bodiflls.  « 947,000 bushels.  •  71,000 busheto.  '  •^|™]JJJjJ^ '■~~"»*»^ 


SOUTH  DAKOTA. 

The  commorcial  fisheries  of  South  Dakota,  which 
were  never  yeiy  extencdye,  showed  a  dedded  decline 
at  the  canvass  of  1908.   Possibly  as  a  result  of  the 

stringent  laws  which  during  the  past  few  years  have 
restricted  fishino;  without  a  permit  in  the  inland 
waters  to  that  with  hook  and  line,  the  figures  shown  are 
smaller  than  those  for  any  previous  year  for  which 
statbtics  are  obtunable.  Tlie  industry  was  pursued 
principally  on  the  Missouri  River,  while  by  pwinit  and 
under  the  supervision  of  the  game  warden,  fish  were 
taken  from  Lake  Kampeska  and  the  Dakota  River. 
The  principal  statistics  concerning  the  fishing  industry 
of  the  state  are  as  follows: 

Number  of  persons  employed   33 

Capital: 

Boats   1400 

Apparatus  of  capture  ^   5(X) 

Shore  and  accessory  property   100 

Value  of  ptodw^  4,200 

Of  the  33  persons  engaged  in  fishing,  29  were  pro- 
prietors and  independmt  fishemmi  and  4  were  wage- 
earners,  the  latter  receiving  the  sum  of  $300  for  their 

services.    In  1899  the  number  of  fishermen  reported 
was  72  and  in  1894  the  number  was  121. 
76786°— U  ^16 


The  statistics  as  to  equipment  and  othur  ca|^tal  are 
givra  in  the  following  tabular  statement: 


(uun  or  unamuat. 

EQcipifnT  am 
OTHEB  c&nrA&s 

1908. 

Nnmbcr. 

VakM. 

Total  

81.000 

27 
1 

400 
100 
300 
500 

Row  

20 

40 

Seines  

I 

V 

100 

In  1899  the  investment  in  boats,  as  reported  by  the 
Bureau  of  FishaieB,  was  $600  and  the  investmeiit  ia 
apparatus  of  capture  $800.  Thus  there  wore  de- 
creases in  investment  between  1899  and  1908  amount- 
ing to  33  per  cent  in  the  case  of  boats  and  38  per  cent 
in  the  case  of  apparatus  of  capture,  these  decreases 
being  in  keeping  with  the  reduction  of  over  one-half 
in  the  number  of  persons  employed. 

In  1899  the  fishray  products  <^  the*  state  were  n- 
ported  as  amounting  to  136,000  pounds,  valued  at 
$6,900.  Tha  deerease  in  value  ol  produeta  Aawn  in 


S42 


FLSHKRIRS  OF  THE  UNIT£D  STATES,  1908. 


1908,  as  eompaied  with  1899,  was  almost  40  pw  emt. 
Jm  18M,  ths  only  othsr  yesr  f or  wfai^  statistics  of  the 

fiahoy  products  of  this  state  are  available,  the  catch 
amounted  to  417,000  pounds,  valued  at  813,000.  The 
larger  part  of  the  catch  in  each  of  these  former 
years  was  taken  from  the  Missouri,  Dakota,  Vermihon, 
■■d  Kg  SioiB  RivcfB. 


The  products  of  the  state  in  1908  are  shown,  by 
spedes  and  b}^  apparatus  of  capture,  in  the  following 
taUe.  The  eateh  reported  with  sieinfls  and  pound  nets 

was  confined  to  Lake  Ejunpeska  and  the  Dakota 
River,  where  such  fishing  was  carried  on  under  th* 
supervision  of  the  game  warden. 


SOUTH  DAKOTA— FISHERY  PRODUCTS:  1908. 


nomrc*  cavobt  bt— 

Seines. 

Fyke  and  taoop  nets. 

Waiowtnps.       '        PoiiiKi  nrf-^. 

Qaantity 
(pounds). 

ValtM. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(poonds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(poonds). 

Value. 

QnaotitT 
(pooBds). 

Value. 

Totri  

m«oo 

'  »,000 

$4,200 

2,000  I 

36,000 

n.aoo 

13,000 

«!,»> 

U,000 

n,ooo 

4,400 

MM 

5,500 

SlOO 

Carp,  German  

32,000 
12,000 
1.800 

1,200 
700 
100 

25.(100 
9,000 

1,000 
500 

11,000 
tlOO 
1,100 

1,100 

(») 
100 

6,700 
1,000 
1,300 
1.800 
200 

700 
100 
100 
100 
100 

2,800 
600 
1,000 

300 

(>) 
100 

5,000 

100 

iLJlotiMl  

3,200  j        100 11  2,900 

(•) 

500 

(>) 

The  fisheries  of  Tennessee  in  1908  were  of  the  shore 
amA  boat  dass  only,  and  wm  eondncted  on  the  Mis- 
■■Bppi  Bmr  and  its  tiibirtaiy  waters,  ccnupriang 

dii^y  Reelfoot  Lake,  Open  LatESyand  Hatchee  River; 
and  in  the  Cumberland  and  Tennessee  Rivers.  In  this 
report  the  fisheries  of  the  last  two  rivers  are  considered 
apart  from  the  others.  A  summary  of  the  statistics 
for  Tennessee  for  1908  is  given  in  the  following  tabular 


Number  of  peraons  employed   4S7 

  $9, 400 

i  of  capture   27, 000 

i  •ecfofy  property  and  c—h   13,000 

  112,000 

Oimpanam  with  previom  eama$9e». — ^With  the  ex- 
Mption  of  th«  number  of  petsons  emfdoyed,  every 
item  of  the  data  for  the  fisheries  of  Tennessee  shows  a 
substantial  increase  in  1908,  as  compared  with  prior 
years.  The  folloA^-ing  tabular  statement  presents  com- 
parative statistics  for  those  years  for  which  figures 
are  available: 


TXAJL 

Persons 

Idoyed, 
exclusive 
ofdiores- 

Total. 

Boats. 

Appa- 
ratus of 
capture. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

4B7 
4M 
MS 

m,m 
[31,  on 

09,400 

7,100 
4,900 

127,000 
24.000 
19,000 

4,806,000 
2,77S,000 
2,445,000 

SI 12, 000 

88.000 
83,000 

Penon»  employed. — ^The  fisheries  of  the  Mssissippi 
Bhrw  dialrict  reported  62  per  eeat  cf  the  total  nomber 
ilpwini  itiiiiiijiiilaadtitoeeoltlieQiiiibwfandand 


TepneoBoe  RiTers  accounted  for  tilie  remaining  38  per 
cent.  Only  67  fiahermen,  or  16  per  cent  of  the  totU 
number  of  persons  engaged  in  the  fisheries  of  the 
state,  were  wage-earners,  the  remainder  being  proprie- 
tors or  independent  fishermen. 

The  following  tabular  statement  gives  the  data  con- 
cerning persons  employed  in  the  fisheries  of  Tennessee 
in  IMS: 


Total. 

Proprie- 
tors and 
independ- 
ent fish- 
ermen. 

Wage- 
earn- 
ers. 

Total  

427 

>360 

67 

*S12,000 

MissisBfaroi  Kiver  district  

OmSSSmAm^TmmmtmKtmB  

263 
164 

232 
128 

31 
36 

*.m 

>  Excluslre  of  tarn  pnqirletors  not  flshinff. 

*  Includes  provisions  ftniahed  to  tlie  value  orS700. 

Equipment  and  other  capital. — The  distribution  of 
the  investment  in  the  fisheries  of  Tennessee  is  shown 
in  the  following  tabular  statement: 


TAKoa  or  aoanoBT  um  oma 
csam&L:  MOO. 

ToM. 

Mississippi 

Cumber- 
land and 
Tennessee 
Rivers. 

S50.000 

»«?,000 

$7,500 

Boats  

9,400 
2,900 
6,400 
27,000 
13,000 
flOO 

7,100 
2,300 
4,700 
23,000 
12,000 
500 

2,300 
600 
1,700 
4,400 
800 

Steam  and  motor  

WSSMEmm,  BY  STATES. 


The  Mississipjn  River  cUstrict  is  credited  with  85  per 
cent  of  the  total  investment  in  tiie  fiah^es  of  the 
state.  Hie  investment  in  thb  district  induded  75  per 
eent  oi  the  total  investment  in  boats  for  the  state,  84 
per  cent  of  that  in  apparatus  of  capture,  93  per  cent 
of  that  in  shore  and  accessory  property,  and  the  total 
amount  of  cash  reported.  The  Mississippi  River  dis- 
trict reported  10  of  the  12  steam  and  motor  boats  and 
218  of  the  387  boats  induded  under  the  head  "Bow 
and  other." 

The  numbers  of  the  more  important  kinds  of  appa- 
ratus of  capture  used,  all  of  which,  with  the  exception 
of  699  fyke  and  hoop  nets  reported  for  the  Cumberland 
and  Tennessee  Rivers,  were  used  in  the  Mississippi 
River  district,  were  as  follows: 

Fyke  and  hoop  nets  2,904 

Pound  nets   19 

Seines  «   8 

  50 

  63 

  28 


Shrimp  traps .  . 
Spears  and  gigs . 
linuDmel  nets . . 


Products,  by  species. — The  distribution  of  the  fishery 
products  of  Uie  state,  by  spedes  and  by  apparatus  of 
capture,  is  shown  in  TaUe  1,  on  page  244. 

The  most  important  products  in  respect  to  value 
were  buffalo  fish,  catfish,  mussel  sliells,  pearls,  and 
slugs,  and  black  bass;  these  products  representing  62 
per  cent,  or  about  five-eighths,  of  the  total  value  of 
products  for  the  state. 

Products,  hy  fishing  grounda. — The  ^oducts  of  tiie 
Mississippi  Bir&t  district  and 'of  the  Tennessee  and 
CSimib«iand  Rivers  are  given  in  detail,  by  spedes  and 
apparatus  of  capture,  in  Tables  2  and  3,  on  page  245. 

The  following  tabular  statement  distributes  the 
value  of  products,  b}^  species  arranged  in  the  order  of 
value,  for  the  state  and  for  each  district : 


Buffalo  fish  

Catfish  

Black  bass  

Drum,  fresb-wster  

Carp,  German  

Crappie  

Faddlefish  

All  other  

tffiMttl  ilitlli,  purli.  and  atngs. 


TAUTB  or  rmwacm  MOB. 


IVitaL 


tU2,000 


97,000 
22,000 
20,000 
13,000 
9,S00 
8,200 
7,800 
7,500 
9,200 
14,000 
l,»l 


Mississippi 
River 
district. 


$73,000 


72,000 
19,000 
11,000 
12,000 
2,000 
0,600 
7,600 
7,100 
S,600 


hi 


Cumber- 
land and 
Tenneaaee 
Shren. 


$39,000 


25.000 
3,200 
8,700 
100 
7,500 
l.fiOO 
200 
300 

3,m 

14,000 


The  fish  products  proper  amounted  in  the  i^r^ate 

to  2,330,000  pounds,  or  52  per  cent  of  the  total  weight 
of  all  fishery  products,  and  were  vjiluod  at  S97,000,  or 
87  per  cent  of  the  total  value.  Of  the  total  value  of 
products  reported  for  the  Mississippi  River  district, 
the  value  of  fish  proper  constituted  98  per  cent;  but 
the  proportion  was  only  65  per  cent  in  the  case  of  the 
ftdieries  of  the  Cumbwland  and  Tennessee  Rivers. 


Practically  all  of  the  black  bass,  crappie,  ami  paddle- 
fish,  as  well  as  a  large  part  of  the  buffalo  fish,  catfish, 
and  Qerman  carp,  wore  obtained  from  the  MisMsmppi 

River  district.  The  only  fish  which  was  more  abun- 
dant in  the  Tennessee  and  Cumberland  Rivers  than  in 
the  Mississippi  River  was  the  fresli-watv?r  drum,  the 
product  of  which,  however,  was  loss  in  (juantity  and 
value  than  the  catfish  product  of  the  first  two  rivers. 
The  mussdnshell  products,  including  pearls  and  duga^ 
contributed  35  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  fiaheiy 
products  of  the  Cumberland  and  Tennessee  Rivers. 

The  combined  catch  of  the  Mississippi  River  and  its 
tributary  waters,  exclusive  of  the  Tennessee  and  Cum- 
berland Rivers,  was  1,993,000  pounds,  valued  at 
$73,000,  while  that  of  the  Tennessee  and  Cumberland 
Rivers  was  2,513,000  pounds,  valued  at  $39,000.  Hie 
value  reported  fc^  the  former  distrii^  formed  65  per 
cent  of  the  value  of  all  the  fiaheiy  products  of  the 
state. 

The  following  tabular  statement  gives  in  detail  the 

products  of  the  Reelfoot  Lake  iislieries  in  1908: 


spxass. 


Total. 


Fish  

Blaelc  bass  

Buffalo  ftsli.... 

Crappie  

Faddleflsh  

Caviar  

Bream,  or  aonl 

Catnsh  

Carp.  German. 

AU  other  

FrogB  


FISHERY  PRODUCTS  OF 
USLTCXtTLAU:  1908. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


1, 1^,000 


1,142,000 
174.000 
312,000 
174.000 
142,000 
S,000 
144,000 
82.000 
62,000 
40.000 


141,000 


42.000 
12.0(»0 
7,800 
7.000 
5,700 
600 
3,S0O 
2,900 
1,500 
1,000 


Products,  by  apparatus  of  capture. — The  following 
tabular  statement  shows  the  distribution,  bv  apparatus 
of  capture,  of  the  value  of  the  fishery  products  reported 
for  the  state  as  a  whole  and  for  the  two  districts  into 
which  it  is  divided: 


Sm  or  AFPABATU8. 

• 

TAun  or  iMBoon:  ma 

TotaL 

MlBissippi 
River 
district. 

Ciimljer- 
land  and 
Tennessee 
Riven. 

TotaL  

w*,m 

t7S,O0O 

0,000 

45,000 
32,000 
14,000 
8,700 
7,«00 

31,000 
21,000 

14,000 
11,000 
14,000 

8,700 
7,000 

i,m 

The  value  of  the  catch  by  fyke  and  hoop  nets  rep- 
resented 40  per  cent  of  the  value  of  all  the  fisheiy 

products  of  Tennessee.  Lines  ranked  next  in  value 
of  catch,  taking  nearly  all  of  the  black  bass,  the  larger 
part  of  the  catfish,  and  all  of  the  eels.  Crowfoot 
dredges  were  used  exdusivdy  in  the  mussel-shell  and 
peail  industries. 


FLSHRRIKS  OF  THE  UNITED  ^ATES,  1908. 


/VineiiMl  species.— Thb  Tahw  of  the  catch  of  buffalo 
irii  fmed  20  per  ent  of  tho  value  of  all  fishery 
piodactB.  The  quantity  of  bu£Etlo  fish  cau^t  de- 
creased from  S62,000  pounds  in  1899  to  704,000  pounds 
in  1908,  or  18  per  cent,  while  the  value  increased  from 
$19,000  to  S22,000,  or  19  per  cent.  Only  15  per  cent 
of  the  value  reported  for  this  fish  is  credited  to  the 
QMtiwkaJ  and  Tmewee  Sfvon,  mudi  the  larger 
part  npramtmg  tiie  value  of  produet  from  the  U»- 
sissippi  River  and  its  tributarioB. 

Catfish  ranked  second  in  importance,  with  a  value 
but  little  less  than  that  reported  for  buffalo  fish. 
The  catch  of  catfish  decreased  in  quantity  in 
value  between  1899  and  1908. 

Thm  Muuil  diuO  and  peail  indnstiy  was  earned  on 
odj  OB  tiM  Cteberiaad  and  TntMSMe  Wtwrn. 
Altiiou^  this  biandi  €i  tiie  state's  fisheries  was  not 
introduced  into  Tennessee  until  after  1899,  it  has 
developed  rapidly,  the  product  for  1908  amounting  to 
2,170,000  pounds,  valued  at  SI 4, 000.  Of  the  total 
value,  $9,400  represented  the  value  of  the  mussel  shells 
and  $4,900  that  of  the  pearis  and  dugs. 


The  catch  of  black  bass  increased  from  142,000 
pounds,  valued  at  $8,700,  in  1899,  to  177,000  pounds, 
valued  at  $13,000,  in  1908.  Fteetiea%  all  <^  this 
product  in  1908, 174,000  pounds,  was  eta^t  itt  Reel- 
foot  Lake. 

Of  the  fresh-water  dnim  reported,  50  per  cent  of 
the  total  weiglit  and  79  per  cent  of  the  total  value 
were  credited  to  the  Cumberland  and  Temiessee 
Birws.  lliis  speciea  shows  a  large  decrease  in  quan- 
tity and  a  small  decrease  in  Tafaie,  the  catch  m 
1899  being  311,000  pounds,  valned  al  $11,000,  and 
that  in  1908  amounting  to  204^000  pomcb,  valued  at 
$9,500. 

The  German-carp  product  increased  in  quantity  and 
value  between  1899  and  1908  in  Tennessee,  as  in  most 
of  ihe  other  states  of  the  Mississippi  Valley.  A  large 
quantity,  refmsenting  91  per  cent  ci  the  weight  and 

80  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  German  carp  reported 

for  this  state,  was  caught  in  the  Miasiefiippi  River  dis- 
trict. The  catch  of  crappie  has  also  increased  in  quan- 
tity and  in  value  wliile  that  of  paddlefish  has  decreased 
in  quantity  but  increased  in  value  since  1899. 


Tabu  1.— T1Q7NESSEE— FISHEBY  PRODUCTS:  1908. 


Black  bass. ....... 

Bream,  or  suoSA. 
Buflalol 
Carp,  Qi 
Catfish. 


^^vppte. .......... 

Drum,  fresh- wBter. 
Eels  


TOTAL. 


Qnuttt; 


,  yeOow  

Pfto  

Pike  pcrrh  (wall-eyed 



OtuigMii.ih 
CsTlar  Mil 


177,000 
148,000 
704,000 
237,000 
307,000 

186.000 
20t,000 
3,100 
2,800 


5,000 
100 

2,900 

11,000 


69,000 
13,000 


PSODUCT  CADOHT  BY— 


■tts. 


$112,000  [  1,159,000 
13.000  9.800 


5,000 
1,700 
2.170,000 


3,700 
22.000 

8.200 
20.000 

7,800 
9,500 
100 
lOB 
7.M 

300 

aoo 

400 

700 

3,200 
300 

1,000 
200 
9,400 
4,3M 


132.000 

356.000 
149,000 
105,000 

164,000 
143,000 


Value. 


S45,000 


Qamttty 
(poonds). 


2,200 
100 

800 

2,700 

200 

45,000 
11,000 


700 

3,.*?00 
12.000 
5,300 
6, 100 

6,800 
6,300 


540,000 


S32,000 


100 
1,000 

100 

(») 

100 
100 

100 

2,400 
300 


156,000 

700 

.■w.ooo 

27,000 
241,000 

2,200 
51,000 
3,100 


Value. 


Value. 


Qoaatttr 
(pounds). 


2,100 
8,400 


6,900 


11,000 

(») 

1.900 
1.200 
13,000 

200 
3,100 
100 

(») 


223,000 


200 

300 


500 


aoo 

700 

46.000 
7.2fHl 
10,000 

6,700 

7,  aoo 


138,000 
2,800 


<8,700 


2,000 
1,100 


(») 

1,.300 
200 
500 

300 
100 


5,600 
100 


500 


275,000 


9,000 
7,4QO 
207,000 
32,000 
1,600 

1.000 
1,100 


2,000 


^pMnaadglKa. 


Value. 


13,000 
600 


17.600 


700 
200 
5,400 
900 

100 

100 


100 


300 


QuantitT  y  , 
(pounds). 


64.000 


31,000 
15,000 
2,700 


7,100 


200 
2,100 


6,000 


S2.600 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


800 
400 
100 


300 


(») 
(*) 


1,000 


2.246.000 


100 
7,300 
24,000 
6,100 
6,100 

12,000 
2,600 


14,000 


300 

1,100 
600 


1,700 
2,170,000 


wtth  catdi,  as  IbUows:  CnnrlDOk  dndges,  etc.,  2,170,000  pounds,  valued  at  $14,000;  pound  nets,  74,000  pounds,  Tabled  at  13^400; 


Value. 


si6,on 


(') 

100 
600 

aoo 

200 
500 


eoo 


4,m 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

Tawji  2.— TENNESSEE— fishery  PRODUCTS  OF  MISSISSIPPI  RIVER  DISTBICT:  1M8. 


245 


flnona. 

TOTAL. 

PBODUCT  CAUGHT  BT— 

Fjrke  and  hoop 
arts. 

Uaes. 

Vahw. 

Qftrntttj 
(pounds). 

Vdoe. 

Quantity 
(pwiuds). 

Value. 

Quantitv 

(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantitv 

(pounds). 

Value. 

(pounds). 

Value. 

(ponuial 

rUh: 

i,ni,ooo 

• 

173,000 

961,000 

131,000 

395,000 

t21,000 

223,000 

88,700 

275,000  1 

87,000 

64,000 

02,000 

75,000 

176,000 
148,000 

662,000 
215,  OfK) 
263,000 

184,000 
102,000 

2,000 
190,000 

5,000 

100 
2,600 

3,  aoo 

21,000 
13,000 

5,000 
1,700 

12,000 
3,700 

10.000 

(■.,C.OO 
11,000 

7,600 
2,000 
100 

'« 

(') 

100 
700 
400 

300 

1,000 

aoo 

9,700 
132,000 
3.31,000 
1.37,000 
02,000 

163,000 
79,000 

700 

3,300 
10,000 
4,. 500 
2,400 

6,700 
1,600 

157,000 
500 

22,000 
17,000 
180,000 

600 
12,000 
2,600 

11,000 
(») 
600 
500 

8,000 

(») 
300 
100 

aoo 

TOO 

46,000 
7,200 
10,000 

6,700 
7,200 

S 

1..300 

200 
500 

300 
100 

9,000 
7,400 

207.000 
32,000 
1,600 

1,000 
1,100 

700 
200 
5,400 

900 
100 

100 

m 

100 
7,300 
24,000 
6, 100 
6, 100 

12,000 
2,600 

000 

200 

aoo 

500 
(») 

31,000 
15,000 
2,700 

800 
400 
100 

Eels  

IS 

100 

700 
100 

(») 

138,000 
2,800 

5,000 
MB 

2,000 

m 

7,  MO 

aoo 

14,000 

m 

Pike  

Caviar  and  paddlefish  eggs 

Suckers  

White  iMss  and  nek  bass. . 

aoo 

4,400 
11,000 

100 
100 

aoo 

2,600 

100 

2,600 
1,100 

500 

m 

200 
2,100 

(') 
(») 

3(J0 
1,100 
000 

100 

13,000 
000 

300 
(*) 

5,000 

1,000 

U7B0 

*  Less  than  $l(i0. 


>  Includt-s  shrimp  traps,  with  catch  i.f  1,7(K;  pounds,  vahicd  at  $200. 

Tabus  3.— TENNESSEE— FISHERY  PRODUCTS  OF  CUMBERLAND  AND  TENNESSEE  RIVERS:  IMS. 


• 

•OCAI. 

1                                            VWMM7CT  CAOGBT  BT— 

1  lykeaadboopnelB. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 

(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(poands). 

Vakw. 

lUh: 

3,08,000 

839,000 

198,000 

014,000 

145,000 

811,000 

2,170^000 

1,100 
42,000 
23,000 
104,000 
3,800 

10^000 
2,800 
5,800 
2,900 

8,500 

48,000 
800 

2,170,000 

100 

3,  aoo 

1,000 
8,700 

7,500 
100 
300 
300 
400 

2,800 
100 

9,400 

4,  aoo 

100 
25,000 
13,000 
48,000 

780 

64,000 
2,200 
5,800 
800 

2,700 

41,000 

T) 

1,900 
900 

a,7po 
wo 

4,700 
100 
300 
100 
100 

2,800 

1,000 
17,000 
10,000 
81,000 

1.080 

80,000 

000 

100 
1,300 

700 
5,000 

200 

2,900 
(•) 

BkftneTdiad  

•••••••••••• 

Paddlefish  ."ii 

2,100 
5,800 

000 

200 
200 

500 
UO 

2,170.000 

•••••••••••• 

9,400 
4,200 

PsmIi  and  stags..  

 i  

TBXAS. 

Although  Texas  has  an  extensive  coast  line,  its  fish- 
ery product  in  1908  was  smaller  than  that  of  any  other 
Gulf  state  except  Alabama.  The  principal  fishing 
grounds  were  Galveston,  Corpus  Christi,  Aransas,  and 
Matagorda  Bays,  and  Sabine  Lake.  Oysters,  red 
anapper,  and  squeteague  composed  two-thirda  of  the 
fishery  product.  The  principal  statistics  for  1908  are 
summarized  in  the  following  statranent: 
Number  of  peiaoaa  employed   1, 780 

Veaoels  and  boats,  incltding  outfit   $387, 000 

Apparatus  of  capture   41,  ooo 

Shore  and  acceeBory  property  and  caah   26, 000 

Value  (rfproduetB  ,   446, 0(K) 

Comparison  vnth  previoma  eawxmes. — ^The  canvass 

of  1908  leveak  hagb  ineroMM  ow  1902  and  previous 

• 


tbantMQ. 

years  in  all  features  of  the  industry.  Except  for  Uie 
fact  that  the  canvass  of  1897  showed  a  slight  decieaaa 

in  nearly  every  item,  as  compared  wiUi  that  of  1890, 

the  upward  movement  has  been  continuous  during  the 
years  for  wliich  statistics  are  available.  C!omparati¥e 
statistics  for  these  3^ears  are  as  follows: 


TSAB. 

Persons 
employed, 
CBchnive 
oTsbons- 

▼ALUS  or  CQomngrr. 

psoDocn. 

Total. 

1 

'  Vessels 
and 

boats, 
including 

outfit. 

.\ppa- 
ratus  of 
capture. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Vaioa 

1008  

1902  

18!I7  

1,720 
1.055 
1.140 
1,116 
901 

S428,000 
212.000 
152.000 
155.000 
126,000 

8387.000 
192.000 
130.000 
131.000 
105,000 

$41,000 

20,000 
23,000 
24,0(10 
21,000 

10,439,000 
8,044,000 
7. 17."),  000 
7.959,000 
6,288,000 

0440,000 

354,000 
287.000 
314,000 
250,000 

FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


/Vwwm  emfitfti. — Tinb  following  tabular  statiOMiit 

^ves  the  distribution  of  the  persons  emplojted  in  the 
fisheries  of  Tmum  in  1908,  aiid  of  Hm  mgM  and  sal- 
aries paid: 


1 1MB« 


TotaL  

Veaael  fisberies  


1  BatariesandwivaB. 

Total. 

Propria 
ton  and 

inde- 
pendent 
fMier- 

Sala- 
ried 
em- 
ployees. 

Wage- 
earn- 

CfS* 

TotaL 

Sala- 
ries. 

1.7S0 

n,063 

5 

712 

S190.000 

»7.100 
7,100 

2$l,S3.l)0O 

64,000 

110,000 
9,500 

»4(J7 
1,313 

• 

163 
900 

5 

239 

418 
00 

~7l7ooo" 

110,000 

9,500 

■BadoaiTeof  two  proprietor  not  Ashing. 
*bieindes  proviaions  furnished  to  the  value  of  $41,000. 


'Includes  tbiwyi 


tn  tnuispoctlBg. 


Of  the  shoresmen,  37  were  employed  in  the  vessel 
fisheries  and  the  remaining  23  in  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries.  The  total  number  of  persons  connected 
with  the  vessel  fisheries,  therefore,  was'  444,  and  the 
total  number  tgmMnM  with  the  shore  and  boat  fish- 
lySMw  It  Happanat  thai  mtfaB  dune  and  boat 
more  than  one-half  of  thoaa  dassed  as  "Pro- 
prietors and  iwdfipiwidsnt  iiihmnmin"  •wnro  iodeppiidMit 
fishermen. 

Equipment  arid  other  capital. — In  the  following  tab- 
ular statement  statistics  are  given  as  to  the  equipment 
tmd  the  oliier  ci^tal  employed  in  the  fisheries  of 


Value. 

Number. 

Tonnage. 

IMri  

VcaaA  

209,000 
47,000 
39,000 
8,300 
222,000 
181,000 
41,000 
900 
117,000 
39,000 
70,000 
7,300 
1,100 
41,000 
7,100 
34,000 
7,400 

m 
« 

34» 

73 

1,189 

other  

36 
991 

97 
2C8 
.■i94 

32 

nnts  

Saa  

Vessel  fisheries  

Shore  and  boat  fclieries  

l«f  At  tons  engaged  in  transpml  ing. 

Of  the  total  inTestment  m  the  Texas  fisheries,  the 
imhw  of  the  Tariona  ioBdi  of  eralfc,  ineloding  the  out- 
fits, foimed  85  par  esnt,  and  of  thia  portion  over  two- 
thirds  represented  the  value  of  vessels.  The  value 
of  the  apparatus  of  capture  used  in  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries  was  nearly  five  times  as  great  as  that  of  the 
apparatus  used  in  the  vessel  fisheries.  Of  the  invest- 
■Mift  m  alMKe  and  accessoiy  property,  $4,000  was 
nportMl  for  tka  ymmi  firiima  and  $3,500  for  the 


shore  and  boat  fishtries,  while  praotically  all  the  cash 

was  reported  for  the  TesselfislMriee.  Hie  total  inTest- 
ment in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  was  $155,000,  and 
that  in  the  vessel  fisheries  $299,000.  Nets  and  seines 
were  the  most  important  form  of  apparatus.  The 
numbers  of  the  more  important  kinds  of  apparatus 
reported,  all  idiich,  with  the  exception  of  38  seines, 
were  used  in  the  shore  and  boat  fishtries,  were  aa  fol- 
lows: 


Caatnetfl  

Dip  nets   69 

Firearms,  guns,  etc   137 

Fyfceaeto   486 

Gill  nets   2]i 

Mink  trape   30 

Seines   298 

Trammel  nets..  

Turtle  nets   j 

Products,  hy  species. — Table  1 ,  on  page  249,  gives  the 
fishery  products  of  the  state,  by  species  and  by  appa- 
ratus of  capture.  A  large  variety  of  species  are 
represented  in  the  catch  of  this  state,  chief  among 
iK^iidk  are  oysters,  red  snapper,  squeteague,  and  chan- 
nel bass,  or  redfi^  These  produets  together  con- 
tributed 75  per  cent  of  the  value  of  aU  fishery  produets 
taken  in  the  state,  oysters  alone  representing  38  per 
cent  of  the  value.  The  only  species  in  the  catch  d 
which  Texas  led  all  other  states  was  jewfish. 

Products,  hy  class  ofjisheries. — Table  2,  on  page  250, 
gives  the  products  of  the  veasd  fisheries,  by  species 
and  by  apparatus  of  capture,  wldle  Table  3,  on  page 
250,  gives  similar  statistics  for  the  shore  and  boat 
fisheries.  The  following  tabular  statement  gives  the 
distribution,  by  species,  of  the  total  value  of  products 
for  the  fisheries  of  the  state  as  a  whole  and  for  each 
class  of  fisheries.  Only  products  for  which  a  total 
value  in  exoess  of  $5,000  was  reported  are  shown 
separately. 


Total  

Fish  

Red  snapper  

Squeteague  

Channel  bass,  or  ndflah. 

Catfish  

Sheepshead  

PiJie  

Drum,  salUwater  

BoSatoflab  

Croaker  

Flounders  

All  other  

^rtg^market  


rammmomieat  UBI. 

TotaL 

^V«MWl 

Shore  and 

boat 
fUNries. 

$446,000 

$161,000  $285,000 

265,000 
79,000 
46,000 
43,000 
28,000 
14,000 
11,000 
0,300 
7,400 
7,000 
6,600 
15,000 
167,000 

u,m 

97,000 
79,000 
5,400 
5,300 
600 
2,200 
700 
1,200 
100 
800 
800 
1,200 
02,000 

I- 

108,000 

41,000 
38,000 
26,000 
12,000 
10,000 
8,100 
7,400 
6,200 
5,800 
14,000 
.  10S,000 

The  vessel  fisheries  took  products  which  re]Hesented 
36  per  cent  of  the  value  and  a  slightly  larger  percent- 
age of  the  weight  of  the  total  fishery  product.  The 
red  snapper  ranked  first  in  value  among  the  products 
I  of  the  vesad  fiaheriee,  its  value  foiming  49  per  cent 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


847 


of  the  total  value  of  products  of  this  class  of  fisheries, 
while  market  oysters  ranked  second,  contributing  39 
per  cent  of  the  total. 

The  shore  and  boat  fisheries  contributed  64  per 
cent  of  the  total  vslue  of  the  fishery  product  of  the 
state  and  62  per  cent  of  the  total  quantity.  With  the 
exception  of  red  snapper,  every  species  wluch  entered 
into  the  state  product  was  included  in  the  catch  of 
tliis  branch  of  the  fisheries.  Oysters  were  the  leading 
species,  their  value  forming  37  per  cent  of  the  value 
of  all  shore  and  boat  products.  Squeteague,  channel 
bass,  and  catfish  were  the  leading  species  of  fish  proper 
reported  by  the  shore  and  boat  fidieries,  and  com- 
prised 36  per  cent  of  the  quantity  and  furnished  37 
per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  total  product  of  tliis  class 
of  fisheries.  The  remainder  of  the  product  is  evenly 
distributed. 

Products,  hy  apparatus  of  capture, — The  dirtribution 
by  apparatus  of  capture  of  the  value  of  the  products 
for  the  state  as  a  whole  and  for  each  class  of  fisheries 
is  shown  in  the  following  tabular  statanent: 


XmO  OF  JOtAMMXaS. 

VALUE  or  rsoDUCTs:  1MN> 

Totol. 

Vessel 
fisheries. 

Shore  and 
boat 

fisheries. 

TotaL  

•440,000 

$161,000 

t285,000 

167,000 
153,000 
101,000 
7,000 
18,000 

63,000 
18,000 
80,000 

105,000 
135,000 

21,000 
7,000 

17,000 

Unto.  

200 

Dredges,  tongs,  etc.,  were  used  exclusively  in  the 
oyster  industiy.  Hiough  ranking  fast  with  req>ect 
to  value  of  catch  in  the  state  as  a  whole,  contributing 
37  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products,  this  class  of 
apparatus  ranked  second  in  importance  for  each  class 
of  fisheries,  being  suq^assed  in  the  vessel  fislieries  by 
lines  and  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  by  seines.  The 
products  taken  with  seines,  which  represented  34  per 
cent  of  the  total  vidue  <^  produ^  for  the  state,  in- 
cluded almost  every  species  taken.  The  value  of 
squeteague  and  channel  bass  constituted  over  one- 
half  of  the  total  value  of  the  seine  catch.  The  vuhie 
of  the  catch  by  lines,  whicli  ranked  third  in  importance, 
formed  23  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  fishery 
products  of  the  state.  Practically  all  of  the  catch  in 
the  vessel  fidieries  was  made  by  lines,  dredges,  tongs, 
etc.,  and  seines.  The  value  of  the  line  catch,  whidb 
consisted  chiefly  of  red  snapper,  formed  50  per  cent 
of  the  total  value  of  products  for  this  class  of  fisheries; 
that  of  the  catch  with  dredges,  tongs,  etc.,  39  per  cent; 
and  that  of  the  seine  catch,  1 1  per  cent.  In  the  shore 
and  boat  fisheries  the  value  of  the  catch  with  seines 
r^resented  47  per  cent,  aiui  the  value  of  the  oateh  with 
dredges,  tongs,  etc.,  37  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of 
the  catch.  Lines  ranked  third  in  this  class  of  fi^^es, 
half  of  the  catch  with  this  form  of  apparatus  being  com- 
posed of  catfish. 


Oysters. — The  A-ield  of  market  oysters  aggregated 
490,000  bushels,  with  a  value  of  §167,000.  Of  the  total 
quantity,  63  per  cent  was  reported  for  the  shore  and 
boat  fidieries  and  37  per  cent  for  the  vessel  fishoies. 
The  bulk  of  the  catdh  was  bom  puUie  areM,  only  3,400 
budiflls,  valued  at  $1,200,  bei^g  from  private  areas. 
The  entire  product  reported  from  private  areas  was 
credited  to  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries.  The  seed 
oyster  product  was  small,  5,700  bushels,  valued  at 
$400,  being  taken  from  pubhc  areas  in  the  vessel 
fisheries,  and  1,800  bushels,  valued  at  $200,  from  pub- 
lic areas  in  the  shore  and  boat  fidierieB.  Thevaloecrf 
the  oystor  {wodnct  formed  about  the  same  proportion 
of  the  total  value  of  products  in  the  two  classes  ci 
fisheries,  the  percentages  being  37  for  the  shore  and 
boat  fisheries  and  39  for  the  vessel  fisheries.  The  aver- 
age price  per  bushel  for  market  03'^sters  was  34  cents. 
The  oyster  product  for  a  series  of  years  is  shown  in  the 
fdlowing  tabuUur  stateniMit: 


omm  1 

Quantity 
(bushels). 

Value. 

497.000 
343,000 
356.000 
441,000 
256.000 
96,000 

$168,000 
100,000 
95,000 
128,000 
88,00t 
47,000 

1902  

1897  

The  increase  in  the  oyster  yield  accounts  for  a  Isi^ 
part  of  the  gain  made  by  the  fisheries  of  the  state  since 
1902  and  during  previous  years.  The  variations  in  the 
fishery  products,  which  are  shown  in  the  tabular  state- 
ment on  page  245,  conform  in  general  to  the  fluctua- 
tions in  the  oyster  product. 

Bed  snapper. — ^The  value  of  the  red-aoapper  catch 
formed  nearly  30  per  cent  of  that  of  all  fish  proper, 
while  the  weight  formed  34  per  cent  of  the  total  weight. 
This  species  was  taken  entirely  with  lines  and  wholly 
in  the  vessel  fisheries.  Its  value  formed  49  per  cent 
of  the  value  of  the  entire  catch  of  the  vessel  fisheries 
and  81  per  cent  of  the  value  of  all  fish  proper  taken  in 
these  fidiraies.  Hie  growth  of  the  redr«napper  fishery 
since  1890  has  been  remarkaUe.  la  1902  the  vafaie 
of  the  catch  exceeded  that  of  oysters,  but  an  increase 
in  yield  has  been  accompanied  by  a  decrease  in  value, 
while  in  the  case  of  oysters  the  value  increased  at  a 
higher  rate  than  the  quantity.  The  following  tabu- 
lar statement  gives  statistics  of  the  catch  for  those 
years  for  which  figures  are  avmOaUe: 


TUB. 

SED-SNAPPIB 

nODUCT. 

tl— lIMl 

ValM. 

2,252.000 
2,  OtiH,  000 
465.000 
4,800 
75,000 

$79,000 

103,000 
17,000 
200 
4,100 

1902  

248 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908, 


SUk^mUt  iIbiw. — S«lt-Wttt«r  drum,  channel  bass, 
or  redfish,  represented  12  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the 
total  product,  4  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  vessel 
product,  and  16  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  shore  and 
boat  product.  Of  the  total  quantity,  92  per  cent  was 
firamiboie  and  boat  fisheries.  Seines  took  93  per  cent 
ofth»|midwct,  aadofwotwhalfof  thawBMiwWwas 
taken  with  fines.  Although  tlw  onidi  of  thb  piodaet 
in  1908  was  the  largest  ever  reported,  the  value 
was  the  same  as  in  1897,  as  the  fallowing  tabular 
statement  shows: 


SALT-WATEB  DBUM, 
CHAimXL  BASS,  OB 

MMonm  rBODocT. 

1.309,000 
1.056.000 
1,144,000 

i,m.ooo 

l.MS^OOO 

$52,000 
43.000 
52,000 
48,000 
38,000 

8fueteaffU£, — TTie  value  of  squeteague,  or  sea  trout, 
formed  1 0  per  cent  of  the  value  of  all  fishery  products. 
Though  rankuig  fourth  in  value  among  the  products 
in  the  vessel  fisheries,  the  species  represented  only  3 
per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products  of  this  class  of 
lAma.  la  tiw  Aora  aad  boat  fiBhesies  the  Table  of 
tUi  fiik  fanned  14  per  eent  of  the  Table  of  aO  products 
amd  ranked  fint  among  fish  pfroper.  Of  the  total 
squeteague  catch,  90  per  cent  was  reported  for  the 
shore  and  boat  fisheries.  Seines  are  credited  with  92 
per  cent  of  the  total  quantity  and  lines  with  three- 


fifths  of  the  lemainder.  The  cateh  of  this  fish  has 
been  faiify  mstant  for  the  eerend  yean  for  which 

statistics  are  available,  as  will  appear  firom  the  fo^ 
lowing  tabular  statement: 


rmtM. 

8QVKTKAOUX 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

1908  

1,05.').  000 
1.119,000 
1,012,000 
1,120,000 

$  If),  000 
50,)XX) 

4t).  (m 

48,000 
18,000 

1902  

1897  

1890  

1S87  

Catfish. — The  value  of  catfish  constituted  6  per  cent 
of  the  total  value  of  the  products  of  the  Texas  fisheries. 
This  species  was  caught  almost  entirely  in  the  shore 
and  boat  fisheries,  and  the  Talne  of  the  catch  com- 
prised  9  per  oeni  of  the  Tahie  of  products  fcnr  this  claas 
of  fisheries.  Something  less  than  one-^half  of  the 
product  was  taken  with  seines,  while  the  remainder 
was  taken  chiefly  with  lines.  The  catch  of  catfish 
shows  a  large  increase  since  1902,  as  will  be  seen  from 
the  f oUowing  tabular  statement : 


TBAB. 

ValM. 

1908  

no,  000 

75,000 
71,000 
46,000 

47,on 

326,000 

3,aoo 

3,000 

s,ut 

f 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

Tabui  1.-TSXA9-F18BSEY  PBODUCTS:  1M6. 


249 


Total. 


risb: 

Black  bass.... 

Bluefisb  

Buaalofisb.... 


totAL. 


<^iMiti47 
•J. 


10,430,000 


1446,000  S, 856, 000 


CnmM.. 
CMHta, 


Drum,  salt-water  (channel 

bass,  or  r«dflsh)  

Flounden  

Jc^tf  fish  > 

Mullet  

Paddleflsh,  caviar,  anipiKl- 

dlefish  eggs  


Perch,  yellow. 


Plfce  


Snapper,  red  

Spanish  maclserel  

Squeteague  

Strawboiy  bass.  

Wtatttng  

AHoOmt  


Crabs,  hard. 
Crabs,  soft.. 


Turtles 


Oysters,  market,  from  public 

areas  , 

Oysters,  market,  from  private 

areas  , 

sters,  seed,  IhimptdiilB 


Oysters,  seed,lhi 
HideB.  alUcstar. 


17,000 
9,700 

240,000 
2,200 

£00,000 

40,000 
19,000 

i£e,ooo 

13,000 


1,309,000 
140,000 
46,000 
20,000 

33,000 

1,800 
2,m 
305,000 
18,000 
90,1100 

2,252,000 
42,000 
1,055,000 
700 
9,000 
4,000 

199.000 
600 

118,000 
15,000 
20,000 


«  3,404,000 

•24,000 
•£2.000 
'7,000 
W 


Value. 


nODITCT  CAUGHT  BT— 


SabMB. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


1,200 
500 
7.400 
100 
30,000 

2.800 
800 
7,000 

noil 


62,000 

6,600 
1,300 
900 

1,500 

100 
100 
11,000 
1,100 

ii,oeo 

70,000 
3,400 

46,000 
100 

no 


4,800 
200 
4,400 
1.600 
1,000 


SUB,  000 


1,500 
9,700 

131,000 
400 

2SO,000 

25,000 
18,000 
152,000 
0.0M 


1,215,000 

106.000 

H.  m) 

17,000 
21,000 

I,  100 
2,000 

304,000 
17,000 
371,000 


166,000 

1,200 
600 


18,000 
96.S,000 
700 
6,fi00 
4,400 

17,000 
(») 

42,000 
15.000 
19,000 


(») 


Value. 


200 
500 
4. 100 
(») 
12,000 

1,800 
800 

6,600 
400 


48.000 
4,700 
300 
800 

1,100 

100 
100 

11,000 
1,000 

13,000 


QoantttT 
(pomda). 


2,712,000 


1101,000 


5,000 


1,400 

42.000 
100 
300 


400 

(») 

1,600 
1,400 
900 


32.000 
1,300 
219,000 

2,100 
300 
2,700 
0,000 


51,000 
600 
37,000 


700 
400 
200 
100 
15,000 

2,262,000 
24,000 

52.000 


Value. 


Oill  nets. 


Quantl^ 
(pounds). 


iH,ono 


400  6,300 


1,100 
100 

u,ooo 

200 

(•) 
200 
100 


2,600 
(») 

1,100 


15.000 


(») 

(') 
(') 


79,000 
1.800 

2.700 


3,300 


U,O0O 
100 
(») 


600 


200 
(?) 

300 

100 

(») 


(') 


100 
3,800 
3,000 


33,000 

2,ti00 


ValMu 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


07.000 


400 


600 

'i,'?66 


20O 


1.300 

100 


Trammel  nets. 


Cast  nets. 


79,600 


5,000 


21.000 
400 
17,000 

13,000 


600 
700 


11,000 
700 


3,000 
12,000 


1,400 
GOO 
6,300 


900 

28.000 


200 
400 


100 

'^ioo 


100 
1.400 


m 


(») 


300 


300 

6,500 


Value  '^'int'ty 
(pounds). 


04,000 


Value. 


Another  app*. 
ratiia.1 


87,000  33,300 


600 

(*) 
800 

900 


700 
(») 


(») 

400 


100 


300 


soo 


(») 


100 


1,800 


100 
« 

7.100 
(») 

77,000 


Quantity 
(pounds).  I 


3.755.000 


0178,000 


41,000 


(«) 


(«) 


(•) 


100 


m 

200 
(») 

2,800 


1,000 


(') 

30,000 


(') 


100 

164,000 
SOO 


400 
600 


•8,40M)00 

•24.000 
•52,000 
1 7,000 

m 


1,100 


1,4 


(*) 


3,1 


too 


JOO 


(«) 


106,000 

1,200 

too 

1,400 


» Includes  apparatus,  with  catch,  as  foDows:  Dredges,  tongs,  etc.,  3,468,000  pounds,  valued  at  JlffT.OOO;  dip  nets,  164.000  pounds,  valued  at  84,000;  fyke,  hoop, 

turtle  nets,  73.000  pounds,  valued  at  $2,600;  harpoons,  si)ears,  etc.  31,000  pounds,  valtied  at  $1,700;  firearms,  6,900  pounds,  valued  at  31,400;  and  minor  appuratus,  "' 
poimds,  valued  at  tSOO. 

*  Leas  than  tUXL         *  Less  than  100  pooads.         «486000biiilwls.         •O^buiiMis.         C7^biaiiata.         >l«40OliidM.  (dOskins. 


I 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 

B^TEXAS-FBODUeiS  OF  TOSKL  FISHKRIIW;  1908. 


TOTAL 


noooox  CAoaa  wx— 


BufTalofiA.  

Catfish  

Channel  bass,  or  radSah. 

Croaker  

JDnnD,  I 


FkmndenL. 
Jewfish 


QoaotitT 
(pomidt). 


l.SOO 
14.000 
68.000 
16,000 


t7,m 
9,000 
i,m 

16,000 
3,000 


2.100 
107,000 
3,300 
300 

7,400 
7,900 

*,m 

2.000 
'1,260,000 
* 40^000 


Value.  I 
MI,O0o| 


100 

600 
5,300 
800 

i,ao 


700 
300  i 

iS 

200 
5,400 

100 
(>) 

200 
400 


100 
62,000 


(«) 


DradCHftoaii^ale. 

Haipoons,  spean,  etc. 

QnaDtity 
iDomids). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

ValOB. 

fV,000 

1,300,000 

m,m 

ns,floo 

US,  000 

4,000 

taoo 

1,800 
13,000 
64.000 
16,000 

as^ioo 
n,m 
um 

hM 

16,000 
3,900 
«,000 

100 
(flO 

5,100 
800 

1,310 

•OO 

<"« 

m 

700 
300 

a,aoo 

600 
4,300 

^•^300 

m 

m,m 

0) 

(») 

4»aMI 

m 

«^ 

2,100 
103,000 
2,300 
300 

400 
7,900 

4,m 

2,000 

200 
5,200 

100 
0) 

"« 

300 

100 

3,900 

200 

11.260,000 
*4»,000 

62,000 
400 

(«) 

(♦) 

sOkTOObotaali.  « Leas  than  100  powdi. 

8.— TEXAS— PBODUGIS  Of  SHORE  AND  BOAT  FISHERIES:  1908. 


•  IftUdas. 


TataL. 


CAUOBT  BT— 


Carp,  Ge 

C«tiish.. 


Channel  bass,  or  redfish. 
Ctapple  


Dmm,  salt-wat«... 

Flounders  


Sqaeteasoe, 
Strawberry 
WhitinK.... 


Shrimp. 

Terrapin. 
Turtles... 


Oysten,  market,  from  puUic 


Oysters, 
areas. . 
O vsiers,  seed,  from  i 
flidca,! 


17.000 
9,700 
239,000 
2.200 
546.000 

860.000 
40.000 
19.000 

143.000 
13,000 

345.000 
123.000 
17.000 
19,000 

33,000 

2.  COO 
2S9.000 

14.000 
231.000 

40,000 

948.000 
700 
7,600 

*,m 

192,000 
600 

111.000 
11.000 
18,000 


«2435,000 

•24.000 
•13.000 
'6.900 


1,200 
500 

7,400 
100 

26,000 

38,000 
2,800 

800 
6,200 

700 

8, 100 
5,800 
700 
900 

1,800 

100 
10,000 

800 
12.000 
3,200 

41.000 
100 
400 


4.600 
200 
4.100 
1..300 
900 


104,000 

1,200 
200 
1.400 


1,500 
9,700 
129,000 
400 

246,000 

785,000 
25,000 
18,000 

136,000 
5,700 

330,000 
94.000 
8.200 
15,000 

31,000 

2.000 
288.000 

13.000 
224,000 

16,000 

865,000 
700 
4,200 

4,m 

17.000 

(') 

34.000 
11.000 
17,000 


200 
500 

4,100 

(») 

11.000 

34,000 
1,800 

800 
5,900 

400 

7.700 
4,100 
200 
700 

1,100 

100 
10,000 
800 
10,000 
1,300 

36,000 
100 
200 


400 

(') 

1.200 
1.100 
800 


HmHtltT 
(poanda). 


416,000  121,000 


5,000 


32,000 
1,300 

218,000 

43,000 
2, 100 
300 
2,700 
2,600 

2,900 
500 
8,800 


400 
200 
100 
15,000 
24,000 

48.000 

"'3,366' 


Valne. 


400 


1,100 
100 

11,000 

2,200 
200 

% 
100 

100 


ana  net*. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


151,000  $7,000 


Value. 


5,200 

is.ooo 

'ss'ooo' 

21,000 


(') 
(') 

900 
1,800 

2.500 


3,600 
100 

(') 


500 


200 
100 

100 
100 

(=) 


(») 


100 
3,800 
3,000 

12,000 
2,600 


3,000 
12,000 


1.400 
600 

6,500 
900 

28,000 


200 


400 

"eoo 

'i,'766' 
1,100 


(>) 
200 
200 

300 
100 


200 
400 


100 

C) 

300 
100 

1,400 


Trammdneta. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


79,000 


5,000 

2i,o66 

400 

17,000 

11,000 
13,000 


500 

700 


700 


(») 

2,500 
30O 

0,500 


Value. 


$4,000 


400 


600 

(«) 

800 

700 
900 


Caitneta. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


87,000 


(') 


(') 


(») 

200 

m 

400 


100 


300 
'566 


100 


1,800 


100 
(») 

7. 100 
(') 

77,000 


Value. 


13,200 


2,442,000 


(') 

"(»y 


(») 


All  other  api>a* 
ratus.i 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Sllf,0IO 


41,000 

"m'ooo 

(») 


1,000 

'26,'666' 


100 


(») 
(') 

200 

(') 

2,800 


200 


(') 


100 

164,000 
500 


400 
600 


42435,000 

•24.000 
•  13,000 
'6,000 


Vakw. 


1,100 


8,900 
100 


300 
(») 

104,000 

1,200 
200 
1,400 


« Includes  apparatus,  with  catch,  as  follows: 
octa,  73,000  pounds,  valued  at  82,600;  harpoons. 


tongs,  etc.,  2,160,000  pounds,  valued  at  3105,000;  dtp  Mia,  164,000  pounds,  valued  at  34,000:  fyke,  hoop,  and  turtle 
- ,  26/100  pounds.  Tabled  at  31,500;  fireanns,  6,900  poands,  valued  at  31,400;  and  minor  apparatus,  13/)00  pooods. 


•1 


•3,400  bariwh. 


■30  •Um. 


FIgfi£EI£S»  BY  STATES. 


251 


TXRCONIA. 

In  the  total  value  of  fishery  products  Virginia  had 
second  place  in  1908  among  the  states  in  which  com- 
mercial fisheries  were  carried  on,  and  in  the  value  of  its 
idiad,  menhaden,  alewife,  croaker,  caviar,  sturgeon, 
canh,  and  hud- dam  products  it  ranked  first.  The 
taking  of  oysters  was  the  most  important  branch  of  the 
fishing  industry  of  the  state,  the  product  being  valued 
at  $2,348,000.  The  shad  and  menhaden  products 
ranked  next  in  importance,  each  being  valued  at 
between  four  and  five  hundred  thousand  dollars,  while 
danw  and  crabs  fdlowed  in  rank,  the  product  of  each 
having  a  value  in  excess  of  $300,000.  Though  fish- 
eries are  conducted  at  nearly  every  available  point 
along  the  Atlantic  coast  from  North  Carolina  to  the 
Maryland  line,  the  most  important  fisheries  of  the 
state  are  in  the  waters  of  Chesapeake  Bay  and  its  tribu- 
taries. This  latter  district  covers  an  extensive  area, 
oonq>risiiig  not  onfy  the  waters  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  but 
•bo  Tangier  and  Pocomoke  Sounds  and  tiie  tidal 
waters  of  the  Potomac,  Wioomioo,  ILaippaiuamodiii, 
York,  and  James  Rivers. 

The  following  statement  gives  a  general  summary  of 
the  statistics  of  the  industry  in  Virginia  in  1908: 

Number  of  persoua  employed...   20, 066 

YeflBsls  and  boats,  mcla£i«  ontaSt   $2, 065, 000 

Apparatus  of  capture   485, 000 

Shore  and  accessory  property  and  cash   434, 000 

YahieofFiwiiicts   4,716,000 

Ckmpariton  toUk  previoui  eanoastea, — Comparative 
statistics  for  yean  for  wMch  figures  are  avaihiUe  are 

given  in  the  next  tabular  stotement. 

In  the  total  value  of  equipment  and  in  the  quantity 
of  products  increases  are  shown  at  each  canvass  from 
1891  to  1904.  The  value  of  the  product  in  1904  was 
76  per  cent  greater  than  that  in  1897.    The  figures  for 


1908,  however,  show  a  decrease  in  every  item  as  com- 
pared with  the  ^ons  tor  the  preceding  canvass.  In 

1908  there  wwe  3,298  few«r  p«raons  enqrfoyed,  exclu- 
sive of  shoresmwi,  than  in  1904,  a  decrease  of  14  per 
cent.  The  decline  in  tlie  total  value  of  equipment 
was  $95,000,  or  only  4  per  cent.  Tlie  value  reported 
for  fishing  and  transporting  vessels,  including  outfits, 
decreased  fit>m  $1,502,000  in  1904  to  $1,332,000  in 
1908,  bat  as  the  value  of  boats  incnased  daring 
the  same  years  from  $591,000  in  1904  to  $733,000  in 
1908,  the  total  amount  of  capital  represented  by  ves- 
sels, including  outfits  and  boat.s,  changed  very  little, 
namely,  from  $2,093,000  in  1904  to  $2,065,000  in  1908, 
The  increase  in  the  number  of  motor  boats  has  been 
marked,  1,066  power  boats  being  reported  in  1906,  as 
c<mq>ared  with  only  38  in  1904.  The  value  <^  ^>panir 
tus  of  capture  decreased  $67,000,  or  12  per  omt,  iidule 
the  products  showed  a  decrease  from  1904  to  1908  of 
16  per  cent  in  value  and  12  par  coit  in  quantity. 


TBAS. 

I'ersons 

em- 
ployed, 
exhume 

TAIOT  or  ■QUIPIUUIT. 

nooocts. 

Vessels 
and  Ixiats, 
including 

outat. 

Appara- 
tus of 
capture. 

Qmntitr 

(pMWk). 

VHm. 

1908  

19,905 

23,203  ; 
24,252 
20,311) 
16,051 

32,550,000 
2,645,000 

1.859,000 
l,7ta.000 
1,424,000 

1  $2,065,000 
2,093,000 

'  1.408,000 
1,40:5,000 

1  >864,000 

3485,000 

552.000 
451.000 

3(;i.ooo ' 
*  561,000  j 

312,515,000 

355,316,000 

277,994.000 
18:1.904.000 
158,875,000 

M,716,0n 
5,584,000 

3.179,000 
3,(>4»<,000 
3,124,000 

1904  

1S97  

1S91  

1880  

Persons  employed. — ^In  1908  the  fisheribes  of  Yiiginia 
gave  employment  to  20,066  pereons.  The  munber  <^ 

persons  employed  has  gradual^  dedined  mnce  1897, 
when  it  was  larger  than  in  any  othw  year  {at  which 

statistics  are  available. 

The  following  table  presents  statistics  relating  to 
persons  employed  in  1908: 


OOmCT  AMD  CU8B. 


FESsoNs  employed:  1908. 


Number. 

TataL 

Proprietors 

'  and  inde- 
pendent 
iisliermen. 

Biwpioy— . 

TotaL 

SalariM. 

20,066 

20 

9,m 

tl,SU»000 

1  t21,000 

*n.2Oi,oo0 

3,188 
1,133 
15,584 
161 

m 

348 

9,342 

15 

3 
11 

2,534 
787 

6,231 
161 

455,000 
130,000 
700,000 
32,000 

13,000 
1,000 
0,400 

442.000 

128.000 
093,000 
32.000 

17,416 

8,913 

24 

8,470 

1,140^000 

17,000 

1,U2.OO0 

2,970 
078 

13,314 
154 

2,000 

487 
294 
8,132 

15 
3 
6 

2,468 
681 

5,176 
154 

1,94  1 

449,000 
113,000 
557,000 

n.m 

167,000 

13,000 
l.(i00 
3,000 

43('..000 
111,000 
654,000 

31.010 

U0,OO0 

1,411 

5 

2,500 

218 
155 
2,270 
7 

152 
40 

1,210 

66 

lor. 
1,065 

5.600 
17,000 
143,000 

i,m 

1 

0,000 
V,0I0 

8,566' 

Total. 


Vessel  fisheries  

TraosiMrting  vessels  

Sbora  and  boat  fisheries. 


Chtnpeake  Bay  dltMcft..... 

Vessel  fisheries  

Transporting  vessels . . . . 
Shore  and  boat  fistieries. 


▲ttantic  Ocean  disMet.  

Vessel  fisheries  

Transporting  vessels. . . . 
Shore  and  boat  fisheries. 


'  Badtatv*  g(277  pnftMm  not  flahlag. 


of  $145,0001 


'852 


FISHERIES  OF  TliE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


Of  the  total  number  of  persons  employed,  78  par 
cent  were  oniracred  in  the  shore  and  boat  fiaboies  and 

22  per  cent  in  the  vessel  fisheries  and  on  transporting 
vessels.  In  the  vessel  fisheries  about  SO  per  cent,  and 
in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  about  40  per  cent,  of  tlie 
employed  wtn  wage-eanMn,  the  proportion 


thaa  in  most  other  aUtea.  About  87  per  cent  of  all 
persons  reported  were  eomected  with  the  fisheries  of 

the  C  hesapeake  Bay  district,  while  the  remaining:  13 
per  cent  were  engaged  in  the  fisheries  along  the  Atlan- 
tic coast. 

Ejtnpmeia  md  tOur  eofiktL—Thb  fdbwing  tabular 
itatnaiinl  gives  the  -nine  of  eqnipoMnt  and  the 
amount  of  other  capital  inveotad  in  lor  the  alate 
and  lor  each  distiiet: 


TMaL. 


inrludin;  outfit.., 

Fishing  , 

Steam  and  motor.. 
V« 


TALtm  or 


cahcal:  1M8. 


TataL 


Chesapeake  Atlantic 
Bay  Oceiin 
district.  district. 


ll,a»},ooo 


Ya 

  Outfit  

Tnosporting  

Steam  and  motor.. 

VaiMb  

Ootat  


Ve 
Ootftt. 


land  motor.. 


Row.  

Other  

Apparatus  of  captiue.  

Vessel  fisheries  

Shore  and  boat  fisheries . . 
I  and  accessory  property. 


1,332.000 
9^,000 
761,000 
653,000 
109.000 
223.000 
192,000 

31.000 
347,000 
119.000 
107.000 

12,000 
328,000 
203,000 

25.000 
733.000 
331.000 
27G. 000 
112.000 

14,000 
485,000 

56,000 
428,000 
301,000 


13, 081, 000 


1,247,000 
963,000 

753,000 
M4.000 
109,000 
200,000 
172,000 
28,000 
294,000 
95,000 
85,000 
10,000 
199,000 
177,000 
22,000 
632,000 

2m,m 

2C4.000 
101,000 
1,300 
433,000 
56,000 
378,000 

aes,ooo 

111,000 


3302,000 


85.000 
31.000 

8.500 

8.300 
200 
23,000 
19,000 

3,500 
53,000 
25,000 
23,000 

2,000 
29,000 
26,000 

2,500 
101.000 
05,000 
12,000 
11.000 
13.000 
51,000 
600 
51,000 
39,000 
26,000 


Al)out  00  per  cent  of  the  total  investment  is  credited 
to  the  Chesapeake  Bay  district.  The  investment  in 
Teasels,  incfaiding  outfits  and  boats,  represented  69 
per  ecBft,  tliat  in  apparatus  of  capture  16  per  cent, 
aad  tibat  in  aiioie  and  aeeeaaray  property,  together 
with  the  cash  capital  reported^  15  per  emA,  of  the 
total  investment  for  the  state. 

By  f  ar  tlie  larj^er  number  of  fisliing  and  transport- 
infr  vessels  were  sailing  craft,  and  were  employed  in 
the  Chesapeake  Bay  district.  Only  120  vessels  out 
of  the  totel  of  Me  wen  engaged  in  fishing  and  trans- 
porting, awl  only  1,984  boi^  out  of  the  total  of  10,942 
were  etmneeted  with  the  fisheries  of  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  district.  The  other  vessels  and  boats,  number- 
ing 826  and  8,958,  respectively,  were  employed  in  the 
fisheries  of  Chesapeake  Bay  and  its  tributary  waters. 
While  sailing  vessels  greatly  outnumbered  steam  and 
motor  Temeka  in  the  Cheaapeake  Bay  district,  the 
latter  dam  of  emit  had  a  niat  more  than  twiee  that 
<^  the  former  and  a  tonnage  almoet  bdf  as  great. 
In  the  Atlantic  Ooean  district,  howey^,  the  saihi^ 


▼easels  r^resented  a  greater  yalue  than  the  steam 
and  motor  Teasels,  and  their  total  tonnage  was  more 

than  seven  times  that  of  the  steam  and  motor  vessels. 
The  following  tabular  statement  gives  detailed  sta- 
tistics concerning  the  number  and  toimage  of  Trmtilfl 

and  the  number  of  boats: 


CLASS  OF  CRAn. 


Vesseb: 

Fishing- 
Number  

Tonnage  

Steam  and  r;otor — 

Ninnbcr  

Tonnage  

Sail— 

Nnmber.  

Toimage  , 

Transporting— 

Number  

Tonnage  , 

Steam  and  motor — 

Nmnber  

Tonnage  

SaU— 

Number  

Tonnage  

(Dumber  

I  and  motor  

Sail  

Row  

Otjwr  


AMD  boats:  190S. 


TMal. 


522 
7,520 

96 
3,559 

426 
3,961 

424 
8,454 

92 
857 


4,597 
10,942 
l,0(i{i 
3,  (ill 
5,330 
935 


iCbesapeake 
Bay 
district. 


459 
6,984 

93 

3,517 

366 
3,407 

367 
4,808 

77 
756 

290 

4,052 
8,958 
848 
3,409 
4,630 
71 


Atlantic 
Ocean 
district. 


«s- 

536 

3 
42 

60 


87 

m 

15 
101 

42 

545 
1,984 
218 
202 
700 


The  apparatus  of  capture  reported  for  the  shore 
and  boat  fisheries  of  Virginia  largely  exceeded  in  value 
that  reported  for  the  vessel  fisheries,  the  investment 
in  the  ianaear  ease  bdng  $428,000  and  in  the  latter 
$56,000.  The  capital  represented  by  tloB  foim  <Kf 
investment  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean  district  was  only 
So  1,000,  or  11  per  cent  of  the  total  investment  in 
apparatus  of  capture  for  the  state.  The  number  of 
pound  nets  used  was  1,908  and  the  number  of  seines 
360.  The  latter  were  used  in  both  vessel  and  shore 
and  boat  fisheries  and  in  both  of  the  districts  into 
whieh  the  fishing  grounds  <rf  the  state  am  divided. 
The  nmnber  of  gill  nets  reported  was  7,513.  Because 
dredges  are  considered  injurious  to  the  oyster  beds, 
their  use  in  the  public  areas  is  restricted  by  law. 
They  were  therefore  used  comparatively  little  and 
often  only  to  dean  up  the  grounds  which  had  pre- 
viously been  woriced  by  tongs.  The  distribution 
of  the  more  important  kinds  of  apparatus  of  capture 
is  shown  in  the  following  table: 


AIM 

LBAiva  or 

aaaat 

cmina:  noa 

Giil  nets. 

Pots. 

Pound  and 

Seines. 

Tolri.  

7,613 

908 

1,90S 

;{(.o 

VMiriaitalM  

51 
7,462 

60 
842 

83 
1,825 

44 
316 

6,888 

m 

1,865 

188 

Veael  fisheries  

51 
6,837 

625 

60 
809 

33 

83 
1,782 

43 

43 
115 

202 

Shan  and  boat  fisheries  

1 

Shore  and  boat  fisberta  

625 

33 

43 

301 

FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


858 


I^poiuets,  hy  spetiea. — The  fishery  products  of  the 
state  for  1908  are  distributed,  by  spedes  and  by  appa- 
ratus of  capture,  in  Table  1,  on  page  256. 

The  value  of  the  fishery  products  of  Virginia  formed 
9  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  all  fishery  products  of 
the  United  States.  Oysters  were  the  most  important 
product,  the  value  of  the  yield  in  1908  forming  only  a 
small  fraction  less  than  50  p»  cesit  of  the  value  of  all 
fidievy  iModucts  of  the  state.  Aside  from  oortain 
species  of  fish,  clams  and  crabs  were  the  only  other 
important  products.  The  quantity  of  crabs  taken 
was  25,083,000  pounds,  valued  at  $326,000,  and  the 
quantity  of  clams  was  1,969,000  pounds,  valued  at 
$380,000. 

The  product  of  fish  proper  amounted  in  the  aggre- 
gate to  249,890,000  pounds,  or  80  per  cent  of  the  total 

weight  of  fishery  products  of  the  state,  and  was 
valued  at  ?1, 658,000,  or  35  per  cent  of  the  total  value. 
Including  nine  species  tabulated  under  the  head ''All 
other,"  42  species  of  fish  were  taken  in  the  waters  of 
the  state.  Of  these  the  most  important  were  shad, 
mntihad^,  alewives,  squeteague,  or  sea  trout,  and 
cnrnker.  Hie  combined  value  r^xwted  for  these 
five  species  was  $1,344,000,  or  81  p«  cent  of  {he  rtlue 
of  all  fish  caught. 

Products,  hy  fsliing  grounds. — The  products  of  the 
Chesapeake  "Bay  district  are  given  in  detail,  by  species 
and  by  apparatus  of  capture,  in  Table  2,  on  page  257 ; 
and  Table  3,  on  page  258,  gives  similar  statistics  for 
the  Atlantic  Ocean  district.  In  the  following  tabular 
statement  the  total  value  of  products  is  distributed 
according  to  species  arranged  in  order  of  value,  for  the 
state  as  a  whole  and  for  each  district  and  each  class 
of  fisheries: 


Total. 


rbh  

Shad  

Menhaden  

Alewives,  or  river  her- 


or  sea 


Croaker.  

Sturgeon,  caviar,  and 

sturgeon  eggs  

Striped  bass  , 

Catfish  


Perch,  white..  

Spanish  nuMkMd.. 
Butterfish  


Onttn  

Market. 

Seed  


Clams  

Crabs  

All  other  


VALtTE  OF  ntODUCTS:  19QB. 


Distributed  by 
districts. 

Distributed  by  class 
of  fisheries. 

TotaL 

Chesa- 
peake 
Bav 
district. 

Atlantic 
Ocean 
distrfet 

^Vewd 

Shore 
and  boat 

34,716,000 

14,0(6,000 

8670,000 

81,000,000 

83,707,000 

1,658,000 
486,000 
429,000 

t,4<!f.,000 
4,^1,  CKM) 
429,000 

173,000 
4,f00 
100 

490,000 
34,000 

419,000 

1,168,000 
4.12,000 
10,000 

171,000 

lfp8,000 

3,200 

22,000 

149,000 

139,000 

100,000 

39,000 

2,000 

137,000 

119,000 

84,000 

85,000 

1,800 

117,000 

49,000 
4ti,000 
31,000 

20,000 
4(1,  OCO 
28,000 

29,000 
200 
2,900 

100 
2,300 
800 

49, 000 
44,000 
31,000 

27,000 
25,000 
21.000 
U4,000 

24,000 
9, 100 
17,000 
7^000 

2,900 
10,000 

4,400 
35,000 

400 

(') 

300 
8,100 

2f',000 
25.000 
21,000 
106,000 

2,348,000 

1,967,000 

3S1,000 

2,016,000 
1,093,000 

323,000 

332,000 
274,000 
58,000  j 

439,000 

a^ooo 

55,000 

1,909,000 
1,583,000 

32(),000 

3S0, 000 
■  3.'ii,(KK) 
4,500 

217,000 
1,000 

1C.:{,000  j 
2,900  1 

6,000 
73,000 

.•',71,000 
2.VJ,  000 
4,500 

>  Less  than  fioa 


The  cfMnbined  catch  of  the  fisheries  of  Chesapeake 
Bay  and  its  tributary  waters  was  301,596,000  pounds, 
valued  at  $4,046,000,  or  97  per  cent  of  the  quantity 

and  86  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  fishery  products  of 
the  state.  The  catch  of  fi^^h  proper  reported  for  tliis 
district  furnished  36  i)er  cent  of  the  total  vahie  for 
the  district,  and  the  yield  of  oysters,  tlie  most  valuable 
product,  50  per  cent.  Next  to  oysters  the  shad  catch 
had  the  laigest  value,  idiile  the  menhaden,  crab,  dam, 
and  herring  products  also  eoiilabuted  laigely  to  the 
total  value. 

The  catch  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean  district,  which 
weighed  10,918,000  pounds  and  was  valued  at 
§670,000,  represented  only  3  per  cent  of  the  total 
quantity  and  14  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  all 
fidieiy  i»odoets  of  the  state.  Of  the  total  value  of 
products  reported  for  this  district,  oysters  contributed 
50  per  cent  and  clams  24  per  cent.  Of  fish  proper, 
which  furnished  26  per  cent  of  the  value  returned  for 
the  district,  the  principal  species  taken  were  sque- 
teague, croaker,  and  sturgeon.  Spanish  mackerel 
ranked  next,  with  a  value  of  $16,000,  which  consti- 
tuted 64  per  cent  of  the  value  of  aU  Spanish  mackerel 
taken  in  the  waten  of  the  state. 

Products,  by  dau  ofJUiheries. — The  products  of  the 
vessel  fisheries  are  given  in  detail,  by  species  and  by 
apparatus  of  capture,  in  Table  4,  on  ])age  258,  and  the 
products  of  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  arc  similarly 
shown  in  Table  7,  on  page  260.  As  already*  indicated, 
the  table  above  diows  tiie  distribulion,  by  spedes 
arranged  in  CMRier  of  value,  <^  the  total  value  of 
products  reported  for  the  state  and  for  each  daas  of 
fisheries. 

The  catch  of  the  vessel  fisheries  aggregated 
207,070,000  pounds,  valued  at  $1,009,000,  or  66  per 
cent  of  the  total  quantity  of  fishery  products  taken  in 
the  state"and  21  per  cent  of  their  UM  vdue.  Oystem, 
menhaden,  and  crabs  fuinished  the  laigest  valuee. 
Of  the  different  species  of  fish  proper  reported,  men- 
haden represented  90  per  cento!  the  quantity  caiight 
in  the  vessel  fislieries. 

The  combined  catch  of  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries 
of  the  state  aggregated  105,444,000  pounds,  having 
a  value  of  $3,707,000,  or  34  per  cent  and  79  per  cent, 
respectively,  {A  the  total  quantity  and  value  of  aD  the 
fishery  products  of  the  state.  Oysters,  shad,  and 
clams  were  the  three  most  important  products  <tf  this 
class  of  fisheries. 

The  value  of  fish  constituted  49  per  cent  of  the  total 
A'^alue  of  the  products  taken  in  the  vessel  fisheries  and 
32  per  cent  of  that  of  products  taken  in  the  sh(»e  and 
boat  fidieries.  Oysters  contributed  44  per  cent  of 
the  value  of  the  products  of  tlie  former  class  of  fisheries 
and  51  p«r  cent  of  the  value  of  the  products  of  the 
latter. 

Tables  5  and  8,  on  pages  250  and  201  sliow.  by  species 
and  by  apparatus  of  capture,  the  products,  respectively, 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1808. 


of  Qnb  rmnl  and  fhb.Aon  and  boat  fiBheriea  of  the 

Chesapeake  Bay  district,  while  ixm&pandSaag  statis- 
tics for  the  Atiantic  Ocean  district  are  given  in  Tables 
6  and  0,  on  pages  259  and  262.  The  followmg  tabular 
statement  gives  the  distribution,  by  district  and  class  of 
fisheries,  of  the  total  quantity  and  value  of  products 
nported  lor  the  stale: 


Quantity. 

Per  Mot 
dittribo- 

tkXL 

Amount. 

Percent 
distribu- 
tion. 

312,515,000 

100 

04,710,000 

no 

«i,ao^ooo 

97 

■l.()4l..fp(W 

86 

M^^^OOO 
M,ttS,000 

66 
00 

t 

965.000 
0,061,000 

9}V,0B0 

21 
66 

14 

534.000 
10,385,000 

24.000 
646,000 

1 
14 

Otam  and  boat  fisheries  

>  LcH  than  1  per  MBt. 


Li  both  dasses  of  fisheries  of  the  CShesapeake  Bay 

district,  oysters  contributed  the  largest  value,  though 
nine-tenihs  of  the  weicjht  of  the  product  taken  in  the 
vessel  fisheries  consisted  of  menhaden.  More  than 
90  per  cent  of  the  shad  product  of  Virginia  was  caught 
in  the  ahoie  and  boat  fidiHiea  ui  Chesapeake  Bay  and 
ha  tributaries. 

The  only  products  of  tiw  Tassel  fiaheries  of  the 
Atiantic  Ocean  district  were  njnliiia,  daas^  blne&sh, 
sea  bass,  squeteague,  and  scup. 

Products,  by  apparatus  of  capture. — The  following 
tabular  statement  distributes,  by  apparatus  of  capture 
ananged  in  Ihs  oidn>  <tf  the  vahie  of  the  catch,  the 
total  Tahie  of  poduets  reported  for  the  state  as  a 
«Us  and  for  aai^  dirtriet: 


DMilhiiliWl  by 
dlstriets. 

Dbtrfbnted  by  class 
of  fisheries. 

Chesa- 

Atlantic 
Ocean 

i  Vessel 
1  ftsh  fries. 

Shore  and 

boat 
flaheries. 

Tetal  

PigyMBPg^^etc^  

M,  716,000 

04,046,000 

$670,000 

$1,009,000 

13.707,000 

2,781,000 
833,000 
631.000 
205,000 
190,000 
47,000 

0^000 1 

2,379,000 
732,000 
506.000 
170.000 
179.000 
44,000 

a^ooo 

4»IOO 

403.000 

101,000 
23,000 
35,000 
11,000 
2,500 

1  511,000 
1  58,000 
427,000 
500 
6,400 

2,270,000 
776,000 
103,000 
204,000 
184,000 
47,000 
29,000 
94,000 

•6,000 

5,600 

Hm  eateh  nade  with  drodgeis,  t<M!^,  and  lakae, 
representing  mainly  the  yield  of  oysten,  bat  also^t 
of  clams  and  crabs,  contributed  a  larger  pereentage  of 
the  value  of  the  products  than  the  catch  made  with 
any  other  class  of  apparatus.  The  value  of  the  prod- 
ucts taken  in  pound  and  trap  nets  made  this  class  of 
appantas  atmd  in  imp<nrtanoe,  these  nets  befaig  used 


extensiyely  in  both  the  Atlantic  Ocean  district  and  the 
Ghesapeake  Bay  district,  and  in  the  eaptnre  of  neariy 
all  the  species  of  fish  reported.   Tliey  were  employed 

especially  in  taking  shad  and  heiring,  and  contributed 
one-fifth  of  the  total  value  of  the  products  of  the  shore 
and  boat  fisheries.  Seines  ranked  third  in  the  value 
of  products  taken.  They  were  used  mostly  in  the 
▼essel  fisheries,  80  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  prod- 
ucts rqmrted  for  them  being  credited  to  this  class  of 
fisheries.  Gill  nets  and  Hnes  were  used  TBiy  littie  in 
the  vessel  fisherfes,  while  fyke  and  hoop  nets  were  used 
only  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries.  Dip  nets  were 
employed  only  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  of  Ghesa- " 
peake  Bay.  The  greater  part  of  the  value  of  the  catch 
made  by  means  of  dip  nets  represents  the  value  of  soft 
crabe  eau^t,  whila  hard  eraba  eoBtriboted  most  of  the 
value  of  the  catch  by  fines. 

Oysters. — In  1908  the  total  yield  of  oysters  from  Vir- 
ginia beds  was  5,075,000  bushels,  valued  at  $2,348,000, 
or  about  50  per  cent  of  the  value  of  all  the  fishery  prod- 
ucts of  the  state.  The  product  was  distributed  by 
kind  and  arut,  as  foUows: 


nV  AMD  aOOBCX. 

OTSTEB  rBODUCt:  1908. 

QmtHy. 

rwcent 
dMribo- 

PercMft 

Total  

5,075,000 

100 

$2,348,000 

100 

3,672,000 

72 

1,967,000 

84 

1,309,000 

2,303,000 

1,403,000 

27 
45 

28 

645,000 
1,322,000 

381,000 

27 
M 

10 

1,322,000 
11,000 

26 

357,000 

u 
1 

1  " 

The  oyster  product  comprised  3,672,000  bushels  of 
market  oysters.  Tabled  at  $1,907,000,  and  1,403,000 
bushels  of  seed  oysters,  valued  at  $381,000.   AH  the 

seed  oysters  reported,  with  the  exception  of  81,000 
bushels,  were  taken  from  pubhc  areas,  while  63  per 
cent  of  the  market  oysters  were  from  private  areas. 

The  cultivation  of  oysters  has  become  an  important 
part  of  the  oyster  indiiostiy  of  Viigima.  PuMic  reefs 
have  become  yearily  less  ]NrodaetiTe,  and  there  has  been 
a  tendency  to  enlarge  the  area  available  for  privaie 
beds.  As  yet  the  cultivated  oysters  of  Virginia  have 
not  brought  as  high  a  price  per  bushel  as  those  from 
New  York  and  Connecticut,  although  the  natural  con- 
ditions of  the  Viiginia  waters  are  ideal  for  cultivation 
and  the  state  laws  afford  fairly  good  protection  to 
private  oyster  culture. 

Though  the  Talue  of  oysters  from  private  areas 
formed  57  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  oyster 
product,  the  quantity  from  these  areas  was  less  than 
that  from  pubhc  areas.  The  average  price  of  market 
oysters  per  bushel  was  57  cents  for  those  from  private 


WiSBEBIES,  BY  STATES. 


265 


areas  and  47  centf  for  those  from  public  areas.  The 
average  price  of  seed  oysters  was  27  cents  per  bushel. 

The  flowing  tabular  staten^nt,  giving  the  quan- 
tity, Talue,  and  aTerage  price  per  bushel  of  Viiginia 
oysters  for  several  years,  indicates  that  the  product 
has  been  decreasing  in  qiuuatity  since  1901 : 


OTSTEB  PEOD0CT. 

Value. 

Quantity 
(bushels). 

■ 

AnMnat. 

Average 

njr 
buiwL 

5,075,000 
7,612,000 
7,885,000 
7,024,000 
6,162,000 
6,837,000 

$2,348,000 
3,460,000 
2,923.000 
2,042,000 
2,524,000 
2,218.000 

$0. 46 
0. 45 

1904  

1901  

0.37 
0.20 
0.41 

0.32 

Tonging  was  the  more  usual  method  of  fishing  for 
oysters,  but  dredges  also  were  used  to  some  extent. 
Though  oysber  fidiing  was  carried  on  eztenaiTely  in 
ih.e  Atlantic  Ocean  district  by  means  of  vessds  and 
boats,  the  value  of  the  product  obtained  from  the 
shore  and  boat  fisheries  of  Chesapeake  Bay  and  its 
tributary  waters  was  much  greater  than  that  of  the 
entire  oyster  product  of  the  former  district. 

Shad. — Shad  ranked  next  to  oysters  in  value  and 
was  tile  most  important  spedes  of  fish  caught.  The 
Virginia  catch  was  tiie  largest  in  the  oountiy  in  1908, 
weighing  7,314,000  pounds  and  being  valued  at 
$486,000,  or  about  one-fourth  of  the  entire  quantity 
and  value  of  the  shad  caught  in  the  waters  of  the 
United  States.  Its  value  formed  10  per  cent  of  the 
value  of  all  fishery  products  of  the  state.  The  catch 
in  1908  was  dightly  smaller  in  quantity  but  greater  in 
Talue  than  that  in  1904,  which  was  7,420,000  pounds, 
valued  at  $440,000. 

The  following  tabular  statement  shows  the  quantity 
and  value  of  the  catch  of  shad  for  certain  years  from 
1880  to  1908: 


• 

nas. 

BKAD  nODOCff. 

QnaatitT 
QpooBds). 

Vakw. 

7,314,000 
7,420,000 
11,529,000 
6^400,000 
1,133,000 

$486,000 
440,000 
004,000 
207,000 
184,000 

According  to  the  reports  of  the  fishermen,  the  de- 
crease of  shad  in  the  rivers  tributary  to  Chesapeake 
Bay,  shown  in  previous  reports  of  the  Bureau  of  Fish- 
eries, continues.  This  fish  is  caught  mainly  by  means 
of  pound  nets  and  gill  nets  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisher- 
ies of  CSiesapeake  Bay  and  its  tributaxy  waters.  Less 
than  1  per  cent  of  the  total  Talue  of  shad  represents 
product  taken  in  the  Atlantic  coast  fisheries. 

Menhaden. — The  menhaden  product  of  Virginia 
amounted  to  190,089,000  pounds,  valued  at  $429,000, 


and  represented  nearly  half  of  the  total  weight  and 
value  of  all  the  meiiliaden  caught  in  the  United  States. 
The  catch  was  consid«raUy  less  than  in  1904,  but  was 
larger  than  in  1897  or  any  preTious  year  for  whidi  sta- 
tistics  are  available,  as  is  shown  by  the  fdlowii^ 
tabular  statement: 


■ 

ma. 

QnantitT 
(pooada). 

ntoBoct 
Vakw. 

1908  

190.089.000 
247.919,000 
178.656,000 
105,980,000 
88,214,000 

$429,000 
515.0110 
255,000 
196,000 
304,000 

1904  

1897  

1891  

These  li.sh  run  in  large  schools  and  ai  e  (  au'rlit  prin- 
cipally by  means  of  seines.  Practically  the  entire 
catdh  was  from  the  CSiesapeake  Bay  district,  diiefly 
from  its  vessd  fiusheries. 

Clams. — The  value  of  the  hard-dam  product  of 
Virginia  exceeded  that  reported  for  any  other  state, 
though  the  New  Jersey  product  exceeded  the  Virginia 
product  in  quantity.  In  1908  the  Virginia  yield  was 
246,000  bushels,  valued  at  $380,000.  Up  to  1901  the 
yield  was  increasing  regularly;  but  since  that  year, 
thou^  the  vahie  has  continued  to  increase,  there  has 
been  some  fluctuation  in  the  quantity.  The  following 
tabular  statement  gives  statistics  <A.  the  product  Unt 
certain  years  from  1890  to  1908: 


TKAB. 

BABIMXAlf  nODOCT. 

ValM. 

1908  

246,000 
207,000 
221.000 
106,000 
00,000 

SHO^OOO 
221,000 

135.000 
66,000 
37,000 

1904  

1901  

1897  

1890  

Clams  are  essentially  u  product  of  the  shore  ttd 
boat  fishmes.  Fifty-seven  per  cent  of  the  Tafaie  fA 
the  Viiginia  catch  represents  the  Tahie  ol  dams  taken 

in  the  Chesapeake  Bay  district. 

Crabs. — Though  ranking  only  fifth  with  respect  to 
value  among  the  fishery  products  of  Virginia,  the  total 
crab  product  of  the  state  surpassed  in  value  that  of  any 
other  state.  Virginia  rankeil  first  in  the  yield  of  hard 
crabs  and  second  only  to  Maryland  in  the  yidd  of  soft 
crabs.  In  1908  the  total  crab  prodiict,  all  of  whidi 
came  from  Chesapeake  Bay  and  its  tributary  waters,  was 
$25,083,000  pounds,  valued  at  $326,000.  This  formed 
nearly  50  per  cent  of  the  total  quantity  ami  its  value 
more  than  one-third  of  the  total  value  of  all  liard  and 
soft  crabs  taken  in  the  country.  The  industry  has 
grown  steadily  since  1890;  the  product  increased 
129  par  cent  in  Tafaie  horn.  1901  to  1904,  and  104  per 
cent  in  quantity  and  19  per  cent  in  value  from  1904  to 
1908.  Statistics  as  to  the  yidd  in  earlier  yean  are 
given  in  the  following  tabular  statement: 


FI8HKRIRS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1906. 


Qaantity 
(pooDds). 

Value. 

MH  

25,083,000 
12,267,000 
7,402,000 
6,400,000 
S,01S,000 

1326,000 
272,000 
119,000 
68,000 
54,000 

MM  

MM  

im  

* 

Ahwkm. — Tht&  mknrife  product  has  long  been  im- 
portant among  the  fishery  products  of  Virginia,  and 
both  the  quantity  and  value  increased  greatly  from 
1904  to  1908.  The  catch  in  1908,  amounting  to 
37,885,000  poimds,  valued  at  $171,000,  was  greater 
ii  botk  ffumHtj  vod  rahie  than  that  reported  for  any 
Old  ftmiiBiiiMl  42  per  ecnt  of  the  wd|^t 


and  nearly  30  per  cent  of  the  value  oj  the  total  alewife 
prodaet  of  the  United  States.  The  innease  in  the 
quantity  of  the  eateh  ainee  1904  amoonted  to  ahnoet 

160  per  cent,  and  that  in  the  value  to  88  pw  cent. 

The  following:  tabular  statement  givee  atatiatics  for 
certain  years  from  1880  to  1908: 


Quantity 
(pounds). 

BUUVCC 

Value. 

97,885,000 
14,604,000 
13,690,000 
11,013,000 
6,985,000 

$171,000 
91,000 
71,000 
94,000 
70,000 

1897  

1891  

TAWUt  1.— YIBGIHIA— FllfflBBY  PBODUOTS:  1908. 


ntoovcT  CAVvat  n— 


TOTAL. 


rum. 


Bloefish  

Butteribh  

Caip,  Gennan. 

CMIIafa  

CrevaM  

CnMUcer  

Onai,Mlt-«atar 


Perch,  white  

Perch,  yellow. . . 
nice  pick- 
erel  


Sea 

Shad  

fflwepshead 
SpaidA  mackerel 

Spot.  

Sqoeteague,  or 

sea  trout  

Stziped  bass  

Stmgeon,  caviar, 
and  storgeao 


,taard  

OiMuj,  market, 
ntnn  public  areas. . 
Oysters,  market, 
born  private  areas. 
Oystcfs,  Mad,  flram 

pabUeanaa  

OjislMS,  aeed,  from 

private  areas.  

Snflops  

Skins— mink,  musk- 
lat,  and  otter  


312,310,009 


37,885,000 

71,000 
2-12,000 
725,000 
286,000 

738,000 
...  80,000 
4,839,000 

n,aoo 
m,m 


K71«,000 


Vaiw. 


99,000 

109.000 

95,000 

190,089,000 

2,200 
10,000 
StVJ.OfiO 
44<i,  000 

118,000 

12.000 
20,000 
65,000 
63,000 

7,314,000 
82,000 
276,000 
192,000 

4,491,000 


205,000 
10,000 
58,000 
12,000 

3,000 
23,001.000 
2,083,000 

m 

« 1,969,000 
»9,5S1,000 
•16,124,000 
»  9, 292, 000 

» 19,000 
'•300 


in, 000 

r,,900 

14,000 
21,000 
8,000 

31,000 
1,800 
119,000 
1.500 


7,400 

6,200 
11,000 

4,800 

429,000 

900 
400 

9,400 
27,000 

5,500 

1,000 
3,100 
3,500 
2,900 

486,000 
5,000 
25,000 

15,000 

139,000  1 


49,000 
500 
1,200 
500 

700 
230,000 
87,000 
400 

380,000 
645,000 
1,322,000 
357,000 


Pound  aod  trap 
nets. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


52,500,000 


32,889,000 
400 

08,000 
685,000 
22,000 

234,000 
80,000 
4,224,000 
61,000 


153,000 
81,000 
46,000 

70,000 
3,884,000 


10,000 
57,0^ 
155, OCO 

45,000 

600 
18,000 
45,000 


Value. 


000 


138,000 
(») 

4,600 

1,200 

11,000 
1,800 
103,000 
900 
1.4D0 

5,900 
2,500 
6,800 

3,700 
10,000 


24,000 
2,400 

400 


5,474,000 
82,000 
220,000 

78,000 

3,463,000 


65,000 


400 
7,200 


140^000 


400 
2.200 
9,200 

2,100 

(^) 

2,800 
2,600 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Value. 


om 


Qoani 


itfty 
ids). 


191,633,000 


5531,000 


3,736,000 
62,000 
40,000 
20,000 
236,000 

162,000 

""76,' 666 
 S>'m6 

16,000 
84,000 
11,000 

11,000 

186,205,000 
2,200 


37,000 
107,000 

40,000 
11,000 


341,000 
4,900 
19,000 
6,300 

103,000 
14,000 


13,000 


{•) 
400 


700 

"366 


17,000 
15,000 

208,000 


200 
44,000 

288,000 
141,000 


1,100 


20,000 
6,200 
3,400 
1,400 

5,700 


7,000 

"2,*i66 
 aoo" 

600 
2, 100 
1,600 

500 

419,000 

900 


1,300 
6,300 

1,800 
900 


800 
900 

15,000 


3,489,000 


1205,000  15,106,000  5190,000 


1,105,000 

(») 

29,000 
16,000 
12,000 


5»;,000 

'6i,666 


2.  SOO 
Wi,000 


Value. 


Qnantttv 

(pounds). 


Value. 


9,200 

(») 

1,500 
300 
500 


2,700 

i.'soo 


100 
1,600 


148,000 
82,000 


200 
1,000 


55,000 
500 


4,200 

15,000 
13,000 


300 


1,100 
(») 


1,597,000 


45,000 
5,600 

61,000 
62,000 


138,000 

 »6 


600 


5,100 
5,400 


127,000 


4,500 
500 

2,700 
5,900 


2,700 
100,000 


47,000 


366,000 
15,000 

5,aoo 

11,000 

"52,666 

7.200 


13,000 
16,000 


400 
2,000 
48,000 


200 
4,700 


1,900 


8,800 
600 


400 
'2,"666 
400 


soo 

1,000 


100 
100 
2,000 


36,000 
•••(ij- 


(•) 


400 

"62,"  666 

268,000 
33,000 


500 


14,0«,000 
2,300 


'3,566 

11,000 
3,500 


(«) 


148,000 
100 


6,000 


200 


ryte  and  hoop 
nets. 


Quantity 
(pounds), 


1,279,000 


147,000 


153,000 
5,700 
5,200 
4,500 

l(i,000 

240,000 


111,000 
3,300 
5,000 

5,300 
2,500 


7,000 


3,000 
85,000 

32,000 

300 
200 
1,200 


Value. 


3,100 

500 
100 
100 

(;oo 

8,800 


2,900 

^'io 

300 
100 


AH  other  qppaiataB.' 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


48,447,000  52,91^,000 


1,000 


Vataa. 


200 


35,000 


11,000 

2,700 

411,060 
107,000 


300 
10,000 
2,500 
3,100 


16,000 


100 
5,000 

1,600 
(2) 
100 


3,200 


1,200 
100 

7,600 
10,000 


500 
100 
100 


48,000 


5,800 
100 


100 


200 


3,000 
8,79»;,000 
2,080,000 
400 


•1,019,000 

»9, 581, 000 

•16,124,000 

'9,252,000 

'568,000 
•19,000 

>*300 


100 


1^109 


300 


700 
90,000 
86,000 


no^ooo 

940,000 

1,322,000 

357,000 

24,000 
2,400 

400 


>  Includes  apparatus,  with  catdi,  m  SdUows: 
■ds,  valued  at  S2,ir~  ~ 
*  LcH  tban  $100. 
a~ 


tongs,  etc.,  45,954,000  . 
and  minor  apparatus,  Ij9i7, 
*1,3W,006  burets. 


Talaed  at  f2,7Sl,000:  flip  nets,  828ti009  poonds,  valued  at  f29,000: 
•paonds,  \a\wM  at  S97,000. 


•2,300  gallons. 

>»Mi9r^ 


FISHEEl£S,  BY  STATJBS. 

TAua  2.— VIBGINIA— FISHERY  PBOOUCTS  OF  CHESAPEAKE  BAY  DISTRICT:  IMS. 


857 


Sn, 596, 000 


Ibh: 

Alewives.. 
Black  bass 
Blueflsb... 
Butterfish. 
Oaip, 


Catfish  

Ore  valid  , 

Craalter....  

DnaD,aidt>water 


noaBdan  

Hickory  shad.. 
Ilogflsh. 


Minnows  

Moonflsh  

Mullet  

Perch,  white  

Perch,  yellow... 

Pike  and  pickerel 
Ponipaiio... . . . 


Sheepshead 
Spanish  mackerel 
Spot. 

Squeteague 
Striped 


Sturgeon  

Caviar  and  stur- 
geon eggs  

Suckers  

Ail  other  


Frogs  

Crabs,  tiaid. 
Crabs,  soft... 
Turtles  


Oysters,  market, 

Irom  public  areas.. 
Oysters,  market, 

from  private  areas 
Oysters,  seed,  Irora 

public  areas  

Oysters,  seed,  from 

private  areas  

Snns-mlnk,  musk- 

nt,aBd 


TOTAL. 


iBODOcc  CAmm  bt— 


Qaantity 
(pomids). 


94,046,000  149,789,000 


37,713,000 
14,000 
204,000 
600,000 


641,000 
80,000 
3,437,000 
31,000 
84,000 

88,000 
233,000 
109,000 
._  24,000 
M9,mS«99 

2,200 
10,000 
181,000 
392,000 
101,000 

3.800 
19,000 
44,000 
43,000 
7,907,000 

1.900 
99,000 
154,000 
3,557,000 
502,000 

85,000 

8.900 
10,000 
12,000 

3,000 
23,001,000 
2,082,000 
24,000 
« 1,119,999 


'8,723,000 

'7,359,900 

•568,000 
•300 


Value. 


Quantity 
[(pounds), 


168,000 
1,100 
11,000 
17,000 
i,9M 

28,000 
1,800 

84,000 
600 
4,100 

3,000 
6,200 
11,000 
1,190 


32,758,000 
400 
56,000 
560,000 
33,000 

234,000 

80,000 

2,897,000 
31,000 
25,000 

78,000 
81,000 
46,000 
13,000 
9,944,999 


900 
400 
6,400 
24,000 
4,800 

300 
3,000 
2,500 
1,700 
481,000 

200 
9,100 
12,000 
100.000 
46,000 

9,400 

11,000 
500 
SOO 

700 
239,000 
87,000 

500 
217,009 


501,000 
1,198,990 
399,909 

24,000 
400 


1782,000 


136,000 

(') 

3,700 
15,000 
1,300 

11,000 
1,800 

70,000 
600 
1,400 

2,500 
2,500 
6,800 
599 
19,999 


10,000 
36,000 
133,000 
45,000 

600 
18,000 
41,000 


5,435,000 

1.500 
88,000 
48,000 
2,809,000 
158,000 

54,000 

5, 100 

7,'666 


140,000 

"i8,'666 


Value. 


400 
1,300 
7.900 

2,100 

(') 

2,800 
2,300 


337,000 

100 
J,  900 
4,300 
75,000 
14,000 

6,300 

5,900 

400 


700 
'966' 


Seines. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


191,100,000 


3,722,000 
7,000 
20,000 
20,000 
146,000 

71,000 


199, 


19,000 

'"6,"666 

2,500 
84,000 
11,000 

9,900 


2,200 


24,000 
78,000 
24,000 

3,000 


2,000 
203,000 


200 
42,000 
212,000 
141,000 

1,000 

100 

600 


Value. 


20,000 
600 
1,800 
1,400 
9,909 

4,300 


2,100 

266 

100 
2,100 
1,600 
390 
419,000 

900 


Lines. 


Quantity 
(poands). 


2,700 
94,000 


47,000 


292,000 
100 
5,200 


900 
4,800 
1,100 

300 


200 

'ii'ooo 


(') 

4,100 
12.000 

13,000 

100 
200 
■■■(')" 


52,000 


13,000 
16,000 


400 
*43,'666 


400 


56,000 
125,000 
33,000 


500 


14,049,000 
2,300 
6,000 


Value. 


Gill  nets. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Fjrkaandlioop 

nets. 


200 
4,200 


1,900 


7,300 

CO 
300 


2,600 


500 
1,000 


100 

'{.'too 

n 


3,400 
3.600 
3,500 


(») 


148,000 
100 
200 


1.105,000 
(») 

29.000 
16,000 
U,909 

56,000 


60,000 


2,800 
66,000 


99,000 
82,000 


200 
1,000 


1.597,000 


5,600 
56,000 
62,000 

30,000 

3,700 


9,200 

(») 

1,500 
300 


2,700 

"i.'soo 


100 
1,600 


7,t 


3,300 
5,400 


200 


127,000 


500 
2,600 
5,909 

3,000 

4.600 


900 


0) 


127,000 
3,700 
5,200 
4,500 
13,999 

234,000 


111,000 

'5.066 


5,300 
2,500 


3.000 
83.000 
31.000 

100 
200 
1,000 


32,000 


11,000 
2,700 
355,000 
107,000 

300 


10,000 
3,100 


16,000 


Value. 


.Ml  other  apparatus.' 


Quantit; 
(pooDdaj 


1.000  .41.42,5.000  $2,41.3,000 


2,400 
300 
100 
100 


8,000 


1,000 


,900 
'2ij6' 


44,000 


300 
100 


309 


100 
4.900 
1**0 

(•■) 

(») 


2.900 


1,200 
100 
6,800 
10,000 

(») 


500 
100 


200 


5,800 
100 


100 


3,000 
8.796,000 
2,060,000 


•8.723,000 
17jtt3jlW9 


591,000 
1.199,999 


>  Indodes  Mvpantus, ' 
poimds,  vahiea  at  ttfiOO; 


,83  follows:  Dredges,  tongs,  etc.,  40,527,000  pounds,  valued  at  $2,379,000;  dip  nets,  828,000  pounds,  valued  at 


^t,  and  otter  ^^^^^^^'^^'^  minor  apparatus,  26^  pounds,  valued  at  32,100. 


•l;246/)00 


•  1,833,000  bostaels. 


•SlJNWbadMb. 
•ignOiUm. 


-17 


FISHERI£S  OF  THE  UNIT£D  STAT£S,  190& 

t.— TIBimilik-^mmEBT  TBamSCTB  OF  ATLANTIC  OCEAN  DISTRICT:  1106. 


Black 
Bloefisk.. 


nODCCT  CACGHT  BT— 


Vaioe. 


9870,000 


Ooakcr. 

Dram, 

Eels  

Floondm 


sh. 


Monet. 
PaRfa,  wiiite.. 


Scup.... 
Sea  baas. 


Spanish 

Sqnetea 
Stt^ 


Caviar  1 

Sunfish  

AD  otber^ 


Tmapin  

Clams,  bard  

Ojstcn,  markat. 


from  public 


Oysters,  seetL 
Sealkifis 


172,000 
58,000 
38,000 

%s 

97,000  , 
1,402,000 
48,000 
3.300 
100,000  I 

70,000  I 
83,000 
54,000 
17,999 
9,919 

22.000 
21,000 
48,000 
80,000 

177,000 

38.000 
934,000 
2,000  1 

96,000  I 
13,000 
58,000 
41,000 

400 
> 856, 000 

< 858,000 

» 3, 291, 000 
•1,994,000 
'19,000 


3,200 
5,800 
3,000 

i^m 

2,900 
35,000 
900 
100 

4,300 

3.800 
3,000 
2,900 

m 


900 
1,300 
4,600 
4,800 

16.000 

2.200 
39,000 
200 

13,000 
17,000 
1,200 
200 

400 
163,000 

54,000 

220,000 
58.009 
2,409 


Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantitv 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 

(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Vftlu6. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

2, 791.000 

$101,000 

524,000 

923,000 

370,000 

911,000 

HM,000 

99,000 

7,9M,000 

909^000 

131,000 

2,300 

14,000 
56,000 
90,000 

200 
5,600 
1,600 

26,000 
2,000 

600 
200 

12,000 
125,000 

900 
^«I0 

6,000 

500 

99,000 

91,000 

3,700 
3,700 

*,m 

0^999 

199 
900 

"  "i.soo' 

000 

 i,m 

1,327,000 
30,000 

99,000 
909 

74,000 
U,000 

3,900 

W 

3,300 

100 

3,489 

3,200 
800 
1,400 

14,000 

5.000 
13.000 
29,000 
16,000 

8,300 

15,000 
15,000 
5,000 

500 

200 
400 
1,500 

ooo 

600 

600 
900 
400 

11,000 

7,200 
200 
200 

400 

400 
(') 
(•) 

49,000 

1,900 

2, 100 
1,000 
200 

M 

100 

8 

n 

4,999 

900 

2,000 
0^000 

100 
400 

40,000 
80,000 

132.000 

30,000 
654.000 
2,000 

5,500 
500 

4,000 
4,800 

11,000 

2,000 
28,000 
200 

600 
500 

9,000 

900 

45,000 

4,a80 

1,500 
76,000 

^,^300 

6,000 
143,000 

100 
7,300 

98^900 

900 

9,000 

90O 

93,000 
12,000 

12,000 
16,000 

56,000 

1,100 

2,500 

100 

«^oao 

» 

400 
•999^999 

•858,000 

•3,201,000 
•1,994,000 
'19,000 

400 
109,000 

9«;ooo 

220,000 
58,000 
2,400 

>  Indndes  apparatoL 
'alS100:and  ' 

•iMttetm. 


catch,  as  follows: 
tus,  1,591,000 
•  107,000  bosbeb. 


,  etc  .  5.428,000  pounds,  valued  at  $403,000;  gill 

at  syo.ooo. 

•  123,000  bushels.  '  470,000  bushels. 


Tilmd  at  909,099;  art  poto,  9^ 


•285,000 

Tabu  4.— VIBGINIA— PEODUCTS  OF  VESSEL  FISHERIES:  1908 


Alewives. 
Bluefisb.. 


Eeb  

Hogfish... 
Ifenhaden. 
Mallet  

Perch, 
Perch, 


Sea 
fflsad 


Spot. 

Ckvisr  and  stuipMm  e^ss. 
other  


^^^,tMMrd  

ClaiBs,  hard  

Oysters,  market,  from  public  ai 
Oyster?,  market,  from  private 
Oyi>sn,«ad,teompoDlle 


Seines. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


6,358,000 
37,000 
7.500 
6,000 
32,000 

93,000 

8,300 
900 

186,205,000 
9,909 

8,300 
9,000 
17,000 
6.3.000 
588,000 

3.000 
58,000 
38,000 
100 
500 

6,722,000 
115,000 
•43,000 
•1,901,000 
•^006, 000 
*  I  919  009 


Value. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


22,000 
2,900 
300 
300 

soo 

1,800 
400 
100 
419,000 
300 

400 
400 

700 
2,900 
34,000 

300 
2,000 
2,300 

100 

(») 

70,000 
3,600 
6,000 
113,000 
271,000 
51,000 


25,000 


6.000 

9,000 


5,000 


106,31^000 


7,000 
9,000 
16,000 
19,099 


38,000 
24,000 


Value. 


2,000 


300 

400 


200 

'4t9^'ne 


400 

400 
600 
000 


1,500 
2,000 


Pound  and  tiap  nets. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


7,1 


6,358,000 
100 
7,500 

'"'is.'ooo' 

53,000 


Value. 


1,900 


580.000 


1,500 
2,000 
100 
500 


22,000 

W 
300 

"'466 
1,000 


34,000 


Tfinw. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Value. 


1^400 


12,000 


800 


40,000 


3.O0O 
49,909 


100 
200 
100 


3,000 

18,000 
600 


800 

'in' 


(*) 


100 


300 
500 
100 


196,000 
400 


1,700 
(•) 


All  otber  appaiBtm.' 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


19,971,099 


3,300 


9^000 
*i'09O' 


Vtlm. 


m7,m 


300 


400 


6,526,000 
114,000 
442,000 
•1,661,000 
•9,500.000 


68,000 
3,600 
6,000 
119.000 
371,000 

•as 


I  apparatoi^  wMk  eatdi,  aa 


tnn^«t&,  13471,000  pounds,  Tainsd  at  9511,000;  gill  nets,  9,500  pounds,  valued  at  S500;  eel  pots,  3,300  pounds 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES.  259 

Table  6.— VIRGINIA— PRODUCTS  OF  VESSEL  FISHERIES  OF  CHESAPEAKE  BAY  DISTRICT:  UOB. 


Total. 


IWi: 

Alewives  

Blueflsh  

Butterflsh  

Ca^^erman. 


Hogfish.... 
Menhaden. 
MuUet..... 


wtu. 


Quantitv 
(pounds). 


Perch,  white. 

Perch,;  ~ 
Seabt 
Bbad. 


Squeteague,  or  sea  trout. 
Striped  bass  


Crabs,  hard...............  

Crabs,  soft  

Clams,  hard  

Oysters,  market,  from  public  areas. 
Oysters,  market,  from  private  i 
Oystera,  seed,  from  puuic  anas. . 
OTstan,  aaadt  from  privau  anas. 


909,197,000 


6,356,000 
11,000 
7,500 
6,000 
39,090 

98,000 

8,300 

900 

186,205.000 
3,000 

8,300 
9,000 
42,000 

27,000 
28,000 
40O 
300 

6,722.000 
115,000 
< 30,000 
•1,653,000 
•3,451,000 
'1,041,000 
•  105,000 


Value. 


9985,000 


22,000 
800 
300 
300 


1,800 
400 

100 
419,000 
200 

400 
400 
1,700 
36,000 


1,100 
2,300 
100 
(*) 

70,000 
3,600 
3.800 
112,000 
263,000 
43,000 
4,000 


nOOTOT  CAUGHT  BT— 


Seines. 

Pound  and  trap  nets. 

Lines. 

All  oOsr  apftntos.' 

1 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pooBds). 

Value. 

186.286.000 

9424,000 

7,016,000 

958,000 

301,000 

95,300 

12.933,000 

•109,000 

6,358,000 
100 
7,000 

22,000 

•*» 

5,000 

400 

«,oeo 

400 

6,000 
9.000 

300 
400 

19,000 

53,000 

1,000 

40,000 

800 

5,000 

200 

3,300 

200 

900 

uo 

186,205,000 
3,000 

7,000 
9,000 

419,000 
200 

400 
400 

1,300 

100 

(») 

(') 

43,000 

1,700 

590,000 

96,000 

9,000 

400 

9,'odo 

12,000 
500 

999 

300 
100 

13,000 
24,000 

700 
2,000 

1,500 
2,000 
400 
900 

100 
200 
100 
(') 

1.000 

100 

199,000 

1,700 
(») 

6,526,000 

114.000 
*  .iO.OOU 
•  1,653,000 
•3,451.000 
» 1,041.000 
«  105.  (UK) 

68,000 
3,  tiOO 
3,  .SCO 
112,000 
263,000 
43,000 
4,000 

■*■•■■•••«•■•• 

.iJ?*l'^2Si?W¥^  »s  foUows:  Dredges,  t<mg8,  etc.,  13^019,990 


Tasu  VIBOINU— PBOOUCTS  of  vessel  fisheries  of  ATLANHC  ocean  DISTRICT:  uos. 


TOTAL. 

PEOnrCT  C.M'r.IIT  BY — 

I>sadgat,toB9,«lo. 

Quantity 
(poonds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(poaBds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pamds). 

VabiB. 

Quantity 
(poods). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pooBdi). 

534,000 

924,000 

258,000 

914,000 

75,000 

$3,800 

20,000 

61,100 



181,000  I  95,200 

2fi,000 
17,000 
21,000 
91,000 

«  12,000 
•8,800 
•146,000 
«  272, 000 

2,100 
700 

1,300 
900 

2,200 
500 
8.200 
8,300 

20,000 
15,0(K) 
15,000 
35,000 

1,600 
600 
900 

6,000 
2,000 
6,000 
6,000 

500 
100 
400 
200 

•*•■■>■>••>•--•-■.......«■■■«»««««. 

^^^^  l^BC«0 

Clams,  hard  

Oysters,  market,  from  public  areas  

'  12,000 
»8,800 
•146,000 
•2,000 

2,200 
500 
8,200 
3,100 

Oysters,  mnrket,  frrao^vate  areas  

181,000 

9,300 

« 30,000  bustiels. 


WWSEBtIE»  W  TBB  UNITED  STATES,  1906. 

Tablb  7.— VIRGINIA— products  OF  SHORE  AND  BOAT  FISHERIES:  1908. 


Flounden  

Hickory  shad. 

Hogfish  

Kinefish  

Menhaden. . . . 


Minnows  

Moonfish  

Mullet  

,  wlitte. 


Storjieon  

Caviar  and  star* 

ftoneggs  

Backers  

Sunfisli  . 
AU 


Froes  

Cnbs.  hard. 
Cnim,watt.. 


Clams,  hard  

Oystefs,  market,  from 

pablie  areas  

,  narket,  from 


Oysters,    seed,  from 
priyato 


Quantity 

(pounds). 


Value. 


31.526,000 
71,000 
305,000 
718,000 
280,000 

716,000 
80,000 
4,745,000 
78,000 

79,000 

188,000 
233,000 
108,000 

s,aM,ooo 

2,200 
10,000 
261,000 
438,000 
100,000 

12,000 
20,000 
48,000 
6,726,000 
82,000 

276,000 
189,000 
4,433,000 
476,000 

183,000 

22,000 
10,000 
58,000 
12,000 

3,000 
16.279,000 
1,967,000 
flOO 
24,000 

4  1,927,000 

•7,930,000 

•  12,828,000 

'7,989,000 

•463,000 

*  19,000 


149,000 
6,900 
11,000 
21,000 
7,700 

31,000 
1,800 
117,000 
1,500 
3,800 

7,300 
6,200 

11,000 
4,800 

10,000 

900 
400 

9,200 
26,000 

5,100 

1,000 
3,100 
2,800 
452,000 
5,000 

25,000 
14,000 
137,000 
44,000 

22,000 

27,000 
500 
1,200 
500 

700 


500 
80O 

374,000 

532,000 

1,050,000 

306,000 

20,000 

2,400 


Pound  and  tny 

aitto. 

Quantity 

(pounds'. 

Va  UP. 

Ouantitv 

^af^  <i*aii  vM  If  J 

(pounds). 

V'.lue. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Qnantfty 

(pounds). 

Value. 

Oiiantltv 

(pounds). 

Value. 

Ouftntltv 
(pounds). 

Value. 

ITTSjOOO 

3,479,000 

1204,000 

14,785.000 

•184,000 

5,272,000 

8103,000 

1,279,000 

$47,000 

9<  Jinn  j^Mk 
39,0BB,QID 

26,531,000 
400 
68,000 

221,000 
on  rwk 

4,171,000 

153,000 

SI  imn 
oi , uuu 

46,000 
3,884,000 

117,000 
(•) 

4,600 

MIA 

1,300 

11,000 

1  fiflfl 

102,000 

onn 
yuu 

5,900 
6,800 

Of  4W 

10,000 

1,105,000 
(») 

20,000 

u  Ann 

Jw,Myu 

56,000 

9,200 
1,^ 

dUU 

ouu 
2,700 

2,'766" 
OS,  uuu 

200 

i,CW 

3,736,000 
62,000 
15,000 
JU,UUU 

230,000 
153,000 

20,000 
6,200 
1,300 
I,4U0 

5,400 
6,700 

153,000 
5,700 

O,  ^UU 

4,600 
16,000 

240,000 

3,100 
500 
IUU 

100 
600 

8,800 

1,UUU 

inn 
IUU 

47,000 

1,900 

325,000 
15,000 

K.  onn 

11,000 

7,900 
600 

"^nn 

400 

TA  ram 

lUU 

111,000 

9  onn 

^,aUU 
K  nnn 

5,300 
«,ouu 

2,900 

\r) 

onn 

300 
inn 

lUU 

2,800 

ttH  IWI 

uo,uuu 

100 

16,000 
OA  nnn 

11,000 
11  nnn 

GOO 
9  inn 

£f  iUU 

1,600 

51,000 

2,500 

<Mm 

2,200 

900 

in  nnn 
57,000 

MnaUUU 

600 

45,000 
4,805,000 
82,000 

220,000 
78,000 
3,461,000 
158,000 

60,000 

5,500 

2,200 
Q  9nn 

2,100 

(») 

2,600 
307,000 
4,900 

19,000 

6,300 
103,000 
14,000 

6,800 

6,300 

148,000 
oo  nnn 

5, 100 

Of  9Af 

13,000 

IK  nnn 
io,uuu 

500 
1  nnn 

34,000 

inn  nnn 
xuu,  uuu 

31,000 
11,000 

1,100 

0,9UU 

1,400 

900 

3,000 
O  K  nnn 

oOyUUU 

32,000 

300 

1,200 
35,000 

100 
Ik  nnn 

1,600 

(') 
y') 

100 
3,200 

5,800 
100 

200 

(») 

200 
1  Aral 

(') 

9nn 

inn 

2,000 
208,000 

200 
15,000 

1,588,000 

127,000 

400 

(») 

45,000 

5,600 
61,000 
61,000 

122,000 

16,000 

4,500 
500 

2,700 
5,800 

15,000 

21,000 

200 
44,000 
250,000 
117,000 

1,000 

100 

(») 

4,200 
14,0(X) 
11,000 

100 

20O 

11,000 

2,700 
411,000 
107,000 

300 

1,200 
100 
7,600 
10,000 

(«) 

59,000 
250,000 
33,000 

3,200 
10,000 
3,400 

100 

10,000 
2,500 
3,100 

500 
100 
100 

400 

(') 
400 

55,000 
500 

1,100 

(') 

200 

(•) 

600 

(*)  . 

3,000 
2,370,000 
1,966,000 
flOO 

700 
22,000 
83,000 

140,000 

700 

13,88,000 
1,900 

147,000 
100 

16,000 

200 

300 

600 

(') 

6,000 

300 

41J«,«t 

•12,528,000 
'  7,939,000 
•463,000 
*  19,000 
M300 

aa,m 

1,050,000 
306,000 
20,000 
2,400 
400 

lodes  appantus,  with  oateii.ai  IbUowi 
valoBd  alsi.908;  wMl^mmSkmt^mt 


IbUows:  DredgH,! 


■tlM)8,300l 

»i4n,oaot 


,  etc.,  32,783,000 


valued  at  82,270,000;  djp^ts. 


pounds,  valued  at  $29,000;  oel  poti,  44,000 
-^-'•1188,000. 


FISfii^IES,  BY  STATES.  Ml 

Table  8.— VlilGINIA— PRODUCTS  OF  SHORE  AND  BOAT  FISHERIES  OF  CHESAPEAKE  BAY  DISTRICT  1908. 


95,060,000 


Kh: 

Alewives. 


Cmp, 


Catfish.. 
CrevaU^. 


Eels  


Flounders  

Hickory  shad. 
Hogfish...t.. 


Moonflsh. 

Mullet  

Perch,  white. . 
Perch,  yellow. 


PikeaadpMmL. 
Pompana  

8cup  

Shad  

Stieepshead  


Spaoiah  maAerd. 

Spot  

Squeteaeue  

Striped  bass  


Sturgeon.. 
Caviar  and 


OnSSjbard. 

Ciabs,  soft... 

Turtles  

Clams,  hard. 


Oysters,  market,  from 

public  areas  

Oysters,  market,  from 

fthrataatna^^  

OglMMita,  flrem  pab- 

BO  aiaat«  ••••••*••*..., 

OyMtn,  ntd,  tan  yrt- 

Tate  areas  

SIdns— mink,  muslarst, 

and  otter  


QnantitT 
(poonds). 


13,061,000 


31,355,000 
14,000 
103,000 

619.000 
80,000 
8,344,000 
31,000 

76,000 

88,000 
233,000 
106,000 

24,000 
3,844,000 

2,200 
10,000 
178,000 
384,000 
92,000 

3,800 
19^ 
44*000 
6,679,000 
1,900 

99,000 

151,000 
3,530,000 
474,000 

85,000 

8,900 
10,000 
IS,«0 

3,000 
16,279,000 
1,067,000 
24,000 

*ifiBajno 


•7,070,000 
•0,382/)00 

'6,217,000 
•463,000 
•300 


Value. 


146,000 
1,100 
10,000 
l«,«00 
4,«M 

28,000 
1,800 
83,000 
600 

3,700 

3,000 
6,200 

11,000 
1,100 

10,000 

900 
400 

6,200 
24,000 

4,400 

300 
3,000 
2,500 
447,000 

200 

9,100 
12,000 
99,000 
44,000 

9,400 

11,000 
500 


700 
169,000 
83,000 

600 
213,000 


479,000 
838,000 

257,000 
20,000 
400 


0411 


Poundaodtrap 

cm  Mia. 

Pyke^mdlioop 

Quantitv 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantitv 
(pounds). 

Vahw. 

Quantity 

(pounds). 

Value. 

Quaotfty 

(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity  1           '  Quantity    y  , 
(pounds).,  (pounds). 

i  1 

,42,783,000 1|874,000 

14,685;00O 

1173,000 

8,376,000 

1170,000 

4,833,000 

184,000 

1,174,000  WoOO 

»,aa*,«08 

|I,MS,«80 

] 

26,399/)00 

WW 

66,000 
1^«08 

99 1  nnn 

80,000 

o  044  nnn 

31,000 
77  000 

sliooo 

46  000 
12)000 
.3,844,000 

114,000 
\  > 

3,700 
l,90l> 

11  000 
1^800 

69  000 
'600 
1  4nn 

A, 

2,500 
6  snn 

u,  a^AJ 

500 
10,000 

""'2,' 766" 

fio  nnn 
00,  UUU 

266" 

OjOUU 

1,105,000 

i»!ooo 

19,000 

M  AAA 

13,  uuu 
■n  MM 

9,200 
(•) 

1,600 
100 

AAA 

an 

0  <WMk 

2,1111 

3,722,000 
7,000 
15,000 
30kO0O 
188,080 

AA  MM 

20,000 
000 
1,300 
1,400 
2,700 

9  nAA 
3,900 

127,000 
9  7nn 

6  200 
13,000 

2,400 

100 
ifln 

fiOO 

fi  MM) 

1,000 

100 

47, UUU 

t  MA 

2U,000 
100 

0,MO 

6,600 

nn  nm 

1  niMi 

i,m 

4in  MMt 

fD,UDU 

2,100 

111  flim 

4B,  VUV 

Of  \MJ 

fi  ^nn 
Of  ouu 

2,500 

^uu 
onn 

OUU 

100 

41,888 

2,800 

Aft  AAA 

100 

t  AAA 

1,000 

2,500 
84, UUU 

11,000 

100 

tC,lW 
1,600 

auo 

51,000 

2,500 

7,000 

300 

3,380 

900 

10,000 
36,000 
131,000 
45,000 

600 
18,000 
41,000 
4,855.000 
1,500 

88,000 
48,000 
2,807,000 
156,000 

54,000 

5,000 

400 
1,300 
7,800 
2,100 

(') 

2,800 
2,300 
303,000 
100 

7,900 
4,300 

75,000 
14,000 

6,300 

5,800 

13,000 
10,  UUU 

500 

1  Mm 
l,Uwl 

09,000 

AO  iVM 

a*,  UUU 

3,300 

e  Arm 

21,000 
71, UUU 

3,000 

700 

A  A/V\ 

4,4UU 

300 

3,000 
83,000 
31,000 

100 
200 
1,000 
32,000 

100 

4,900 
1,500 

2!iD0 

5,800 
100 

200 
(») 

1,M0 

400 

100 

2,000 
303,000 

200 
14,000 

1,888,000 

127,000 

400 

(») 

300 

42,000 
199,000 
117,000 

1,000 

100 

(«) 

4,100 
11,000 
11,000 

100 

200 

11.000 

2,700 
355,000 
107,000 

300 

1,200 

100 
6.800 
10,000 

(') 

53,000 
113,000 
33,000 

3,100 

3,300 
3,400 

5,600 
56,000 
61,000 

30,000 

3,700 

500 
2,600 
5,800 

3,000 

4,600 

100 

(«) 

10,000 
3,100 

500 
100 

7,«W 

m 

100 

(>) 

3,000 
2,270,000 
1,965,000 

700 
22,000 
83,000 

140,000 

TOO 

13,853,000 
1,900 
6,000 

147,000 
100 
300 

16,000 

200 

18,000 

300 

600 

(«) 

•l^MI^W 

*7jmm 

'6,217  AN) 
•463,000 
•300 

257,008 

20,000 
40O 

1  Includes  apparatus.  With 
pounds,  valued  at  llJiOO: 
iliMB  than  8100. 


aafaUows:  Dredges,  tongs,  etc.,  27^14^ 
and  otter  traps,  300  pounds,  vrimd  a* 
«  USjOO  bushels. 
*M8M88 


valued  at  31,881,000:  A] 
~  minor  appamtus,  19, 


foonds,  valued  at  S29M0: ' 
at  31,900. 


•  OMOO 


M  FiBHKillKR  OF  TBS  UNITEa)  STATES,  1906. 

Tabu  9.— VIRGINIA— PRODUCTS  OF  SHORE  AND  BOAT  FISHERIES  OF  ATLANTIC  OCEAN  DISTRICT:  1908. 


Catfish  

Croaker  

Dnun,  satt-fi 
Eds  

Flounders.., 

Kindlsh  

Mullet  

Ptndi,  white. 


Scup  

Shad  

Sbeepshead  

Sp«nish  mackerel, 
^wt  , 


Striped  i 

Sturgieon  

Caviar  and  sturgeon  eg?. 

Rnnfi«h    


Terrapin  

Clams,  hard  

Ovsten:.  market,  from  pubBeama 
Oysters,  market,  ftmn  private 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


10,385,000 


HMO,  000 


172,000 
58,000 
12,000 


97,  (KX) 
l,4O2,U00 
48,600 
3,300 
100,000 

70,000 
83,000 
54,000 
17,000 
8,900 

4.700 
4S,000 
80,000 
177,000 
38>000 

903,000 
2,000 
98,000 
1.3,000 
58,000 
41,000 

4O0 
•844,000 
« 849,000 

*  3,145,000 


Value. 


3,200 
5,800 

aoo 

«s 

2,8! 

35,M» 

no 

100 

4,300 

3,800 
3,000 
2,900 
300 
000 

300 
4,G00 
4,800 
16,000 
2,200 

38,000 
200 
13,000 
17,000 
1,200 
200 

400 

160,000 
53,000 

212,000 
50,000 
2,400 


Found  and  trap 

emwm. 

Fykaaodboop 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 

V.  (/vUUU9  )  < 

Value. 

Quantity 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounos^ 

Value. 

QuantftT 
(pounos;. 

ValM 

2,791,000 

8101,000 

205,000 

835,000 

440,000 

819,000 

250,000 

810,000 

106,000 

82,500 

6,583,000 

8478,00* 

131,000 

2,300 

14,000 
56,000 

200 
S^flOO 

26,000 
2,000 

600 
200 

12,000 
129,000 

000 

90,000 
91,000 

2,700 
2,700 

4,000 
6,000 

100 
200 

1,SR,000 
30,000 

33,000 
300 

1,000 

(») 

74,000 
15,000 

1,500 

eoo 

2,800 

(») 

3,300 

100 

1  III  : 

3,400 

3,300 
800 
1,400 

14,000 

5,000 
13,000 
20,000 
16,000 

8,300 

500 

200 
400 
1,500 
600 
600 

11,000 

7,200 
200 
200 

400 

400 
(') 
(•) 

49,000 

1,800 

2,100 
1,000 
200 

200 
3,000 

100 

(») 
(») 

300 

4,500 
40,000 
80,000 
132,000 
30,000 

654,000 
2,000 
5,500 
SOO 

200 
4,000 
4,800 
11,000 
2,000 

28,000 
200 
600 
SOO 

5,000 

400 

45,666 

4,566 

1,500 
52,000 

(») 

2,600 

6,000 
137,000 

100 
7,100 

5.000 

200 

56,000 

800 

98,000 
12,000 

12,000 
16,000 

55,000 

1,100 

2,500 

100 

40,000 

200 

200 

(») 

400 

'844,000 

400 

160,000 
53,000 

212,000 
50,000 
2,400 

43,145,000 
•1,721,000 
'  19,000 

1 

1 

pounds. 


with  catch,  as  follows:  Dredges,  tongs,  etc.,  5,109,000  pounds,  valued  at  $.389,000;  eel  pots,  3,300  pounds,  wilued  at  8100;  and  minor  apparatns 


*  106,000  bushels. 


« 121,000  bushels. 


» 449,000  bushels. 


*246,000  bushels. 


'  2,300  gallons. 


nurioed  fourth  amon^  the  states  in 

in  the  extent  of  its  fisheries,  as  measured  by  the 
Talue  of  their  products,  which  was  $3,513,000,  and 
was  exceeded  only  by  Massachusetts,  Virginia,  and 
New  York.  Among  the  Pacific  coast  states  it  ranked 
fiist  in  this  respect  both  at  the  present  census  and  at 
Aft  iWMMMi  of  1M9  and  1904,  wliile  al  tin  ean- 
^MMB  of  1888, 1898,  and  1889  H  atood  aeeood. 

In  this  report  the  fishing  grounds  of  Washington  are 
divided  into  two  districts:  The  Pacific  Ocean  district, 
which  comprises  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Puget  Sound  and 
other  inlets,  and  all  rivers,  except  the  Columbia, 
flowing  into  the  Pacific  Ocean ;  and  the  Columbia  Ei ver. 
A  —unary  of  tlie  principal  atatislMa  idatiDg  to 
of  Hm  atafta  lor  tba  jmt  1908  ia  ffwm  in 


Veasels  and  boats,  including  outfit   91, 970, 000 

•ppMilMfllfpiw.   1,1«,000 

Shore  and  acceasoif  frnffrntf  aad  etUk.   309, 000 

ofprodoctB   3,513,000 


Comparison  with  previous  canvasser. — The  figures  for 
the  number  of  persons  employed  and  the  amount 
reported  as  the  value  of  the  investment  in  shore  and 
aeoessoiy  property,  together  with  cash  capital,  are  not 
eon^amMe  with  thoae  for  ]»eyioaa  ciOiTaaaeB,  inaa- 
much  as  the  latttf  include  returns  from  canneriea  and 
packing  houses  and  wholeaale  dealers.  In  the  USkm- 
ing  tabular  statement,  however,  which  gives  a  com- 
parative summary  for  the  canvasses  of  1888,  1892, 
1895,  1899,  1904,  and  1908,  comparable  figure^  have 
been  secured  by  eliminating  shoresmen  and  the 
amonnta  reported  for  ahoiaaiid  aeeeaaory  property  and 
cash  evpital: 


Persons 
employ- 
ed, ex- 
clusive 
(rfsboiw- 
men. 

TAun  m  Kiwiiiiwi. 

TotaL 

VcaRtoaad 

boats, 
including 
mtftt. 

Apparatus 
Of  capture. 

1908 

1904  

1899. ,. 

4,879 
6,074 
5,617 
5,008 

%m\ 

83, 132,000 
2,548,000 

2,6ao,ooo 

872,000 
0M,000 

1  m.m\ 

11,970,000 
859,000 
775,000 
331,000 

S8 

$1,162,000 
1,600,000 
1,845,000 
542,000 

100,456,000 
88,955,000 

130,588,000 
88,080^000 

mSkm 

$3,513,000 
2,973,000 
2,871,000 
1,402,000 

aoLooe 

mm 

1895... 
M08.  .... 

FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


888 


The  fisheries  of  the  state  have  shown  a  steady 
growth,  the  value  of  their  products  having  more  than 
quadrupled  during  the  twenty  years  between  1888 
and  1908.  The  value  of  vessels  and  boats  has 
ioowased  steadily  since  1888.  In  the  value  of  appa- 
tmtua  oi  capture,  however,  there  has  be«a  a  padual 


decrease  since  1899,  and  the  number  of  persons 
employed  in  1908  was  smaller  than  in  1895,  1899,  or 
1904. 

Perwna  employed. — ^The  following  taUa  shows  the 
distribution  of  tiie  penMms  emfdoyed  in  1908  for  Uw 
state  and  for  the  two  diatrieta: 


MilULl  AMD  CLASH. 

mSOMS  nDLOTKO:  1808. 

Namber. 

TotaL 

Proprietors 
and  inde- 
pendent 

Salaried 
employees. 

Wage- 
earners. 

TotaL 

j 

Mil  

4,954 

12,068 

25 

2,871 

81.294,080 

«l,000 

(81.200,080 

1,109 
134 
3,630 
7S 

TO 
5 

1,863 

14 

1,035 
129 
1,642 
75 

088,000 
60,000 

448,000 
32,000 

i  u,ooo 

672,000 
59,000 

437,000 
32,080 

fflimaiHi  bmt  flfherits.. 

11 

11,000 

nwiae  Ooeanditferiot  •.  

3,511 

1.360 

28 

2,120 

1,085,000 

1,082.080 

V«rti  fisheries  

1,109 
117 
2,210 
7S 

1,443 

70 
2 

i.aw 

14 

1,025 
115 
905 
75 

751 

685,000 
55,000 

313,000 
32.000 

130.000 

13,000 

672.000 
55,000 

303,000 
32.080 

i3R,«8i 

8 

OohnAtaRhrar.  

080 

3 

17 
1,426 

1  3 
686 

i 

14 

737 

4.  •.>(¥) 
135.000 

4.200 
134.000 

3 

1  ~ 

I  Exclu^ve  of  35  proprietors  not  fishing. 

The  fisheries  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  district  gave 
occupation  to  approximately  seven-tenths  of  the  total 
number  employed  in  fishing  and  to  three-fourths  of  the 
number  employed  in  the  shore  and  boat  fisheries. 

Equipment  and  idher  eapikd. — ^Tlie  following  tabular 
atatement  dhiows  in  detail  the  number  and  vahM  of 
vessels  and  boats,  the  value  of  shore  and  accessory 
property,  and  the  amount  of  cash  invested  in  1908, 
both  for  the  state  as  a  whde  and  for  the  two  districts: 


Total. 


VmkIb.  including  outfit. . 

Haning  

Steam  and  motor.. 

VeaKiB  

Outfit  , 


Vessels  

Outfit  

other  

Transporting  

Steam  and  motor. 

VeMh  

Outfit  

Other  

Boate. 


SaO. 

Bmr  

other  

Awaralue  of  capture  

VeaMi  flsherles  

Shore  ana  boat  fldMiiea. 
Shore  and  I 
Cash. 


catral:  1808. 


Tatal. 


$3,441,000 


1,.')94,000 
1,352,000 
1,194,000 
841,000 
353,000 
157,000 
113,000 
44,000 
1,100 
242,000 
235,000 
200,000 
35,000 
6,900 
377,000 
120,000 
95,000 
47,000 
116,000 
1,162,000 
60,000 
1,102,000 
220,000 
80,000 


Pacific 
Ocean 
district. 


$2,502,000 


1,572.000 
1,352,000 
1,194,000 
841,000 
353,000 
157,000 
113,000 
44,000 
1,100 
220,000 
213,000 
181,000 
32,000 
6,900 
225.000 
67,000 
9,900 
42,000 
116,000 
686,000 
60,000 
526,000 
120,000 
88,000 


8850,000 


21,000 


21,000 
21,000 
18,000 
2,900 


152,000 
62,000 
85,000 
4,900 


576,000 


876,000 
100,000 


Of  the  total  capital  invested  in  the  fisheries  of 
Washington  in  1908,  46  per  cent,  or  somewhat  less 
ihm  one-half,  represented  the  vahie  of  fishing  and 


'  Includes  provisioDS  furnished  to  the  value  of 8187.000. 

transporting  vessels,  the  value  of  fishing  vessels 
alone  forming  39  per  cent,  or  not  quite  two-fifths. 
The  investment  in  vessels  was  mainly  in  power 
craft  of  at  least  5  tons  register,  the  value  of  which 
constituted  42  per  cent,  or  slightly  more  than 
two-fifths,  of  the  total  capital  employed,  while  the 
value  of  all  other  classes  of  vessels  formed  only  5  per 
cent  of  the  total.  In  the  fisheries  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean  tlistrict  61  per  cent,  or  almost  exactly  three- 
fifths,  of  the  capital  was  invested  in  vessels,  as  com- 
pared with  a  corresponding  percentage  of  a  Uttle  over 
2  for  the  Columbia  River  fisheries,  where  all  of  the 
comparatively  small  numbw  of  veaada  employed  were 
engaged  in  transporting  the  catdi. 

Next  to  the  value  of  vessels,  that  of  apparatus  of 
capture  was  the  largest  item  of  capital,  amounting  to 
34  per  cent,  or  about  one-third  of  the  total.  By  far 
the  largest  proportion — 68  per  cent,  or  slightly  more 
than  two-thirds — of  the  capital  employed  in  the  fish- 
eries of  the  Cohunbia  River  represented  the  value  of 
apparatus  of  capture.  The  vaine  of  boate  focmed  11 
per  cent  of  the  total  investment  for  the  state,  that 
of  shore  and  accessory  property  6  per  cent,  and  the 
amount  of  cash  3  per  cent,  all  the  cash  reported  being 
invested  in  the  Pacific  Ocean  district. 

Statktics  as  to  the  number  and  tonnage  of  vessels 
and  the  numbw  of  boate  are  given  in  the  next  tabu- 
lar statement. 

The  Y^sels  engaged  in  fishing  in  1908  comprised  85 
steam  and  22  sail  vessels,  with  a  combined  tonnage  of 
3,991,  and  1 1  unrigged  craft,  the  value  of  all  classes  of 
fishing  vessels  being  $955,000.  Of  these,  all  of  which 
were  used  in  the  Pacific  Ocean  district,  45  belonged 


FISl 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


to  the  halibut  fleet  and  eight  were  employed  in  the 
cod  fisheries,  tlie  remaining  65  being  practically  all 
used  in  making  tlie  salmon  catch. 


■els,  number  

Hiking,  number. 


Nomber  

Tonnage. 

Other,  number  

WHftnBf,  Bomber. . . 
Meam  and  motor— 

Number  

Tonnai^  ..... 

Other,  number  

number  , 

Stem  and  motor  


Sow.. 

other. 


AND  boats:  1906. 


9wMe 


no 

lU 


u 
a 


«s 

26 

2,796 
239 
561 

1,535 
463 


182 
118 

85 


22 
1,662 
11 
M 

as 

M 

26 
2,0«3 
87 
81 
1,412 
463 


Columbia 


9 

n 


m 

152 
480 
123 


In  addition  to  the  vessels  engaged  in  fishing,  46 
roistered  vessels  and  26  unrigged  baizes  and  scows 
were  used  exclusively  for  transporting  the  catch.  Of 
this  number,  only  eight  were  used  on  the  Columbia 
^  Tim  poaad  §ad  tnp  net  catdi  of  Puget 
ras^eredited  to  tlie  ilMin  and  boiA  fidierieB,  the 
OBed  m  Moving  the  catch  from  the  tr^is  to  the 
canneries  or  markets  being  flmiifimi  tnHMpQffti^ 
rather  than  fishing  vessels. 

In  1904  there  were  50  fishing  vessels  and  80  trans- 
prating  vessels  reported  by  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries. 
Tkb  pvMUit  teatm  thenloie  ahows  a  laige  increase 
m  the  Bomber  and  Ttim  of  firiung  yeflseb  repwted, 
aad  a  vaall  decrease  in  the  muBher  and  yahie  of 
'Waeb  engaged  exclusively  in  transporting  the  catch. 

TTie  number  of  power  boats  employed  was  239  and 
their  value  $120,000,  as  compared  with  63  boats,  all 
operated  by  gasoline  and  valued  at  $44,000,  in  1904. 
or  the  boais  npoited  in  1908,  152,  vahied  at  $62,000, 
MB  wed  OB  the  Oolamlaa  Shrer,  and  S7,  Tahied  at 
$57,000,  in  the  other  watcfs  ct  the  state.  In  eoniiaat 
to  this  large  increase  in  power  boats,  there  was  a  ma- 
terial tlecrease  in  both  the  number  and  the  value  of 
other  boats  reported,  including  both  sail  and  row  boats. 
Hie  combined  number  of  sail  and  row  boats  reported  in 
im  «aa  3,448,  and  their  vahie  $310,000,  while  in  1908 
mfy  2,006,  Tahied  at  $141,000,  wwe  m  use.  Theaail- 
boat  is  still  employed  to  a  considerable  extent  <m  the 
Columbia  River,  while  practically  all  the  rowboats  are 
in  use  on  Puget  Sound  and  other  inland  waters.  The 
boats  included  under  the  head  "Other"  are  scows  or 
bargesi  of  less  than  5  tons  register. 

Thm  mmmoA  invested  hi  ai^paratus  of  capture  in 
1906  waa  $1,162,000,  aa  eonqMind  with  $1,690,000  m 
1904.   This  large  decrease  was  cansed  to  a  great  cortoit 
by  the  fact  that  gill  nets  are  taking  the  place  of  pound 
afiinm  in  thft  sahnon  fiahorifii  Themunbar 


of  pound  nets  reported  showed  a  decrease,  while  the 
number  of  gill  nets  reported  increased  from  1,537  in 
1904  to  2,221  in  1908.  The  extending  of  the  fisheries 
so  as  to  include  in  the  catch  many  species  of  fish  which 
a  few  jeais  ago  mn  eoondowd  of  little  or  no  impor- 
tance has  lesolted  in  an  inenaoed  nse  of  the  piine  seine. 
The  investment  in  apparatus  of  capture  is  neariy 
equal  for  the  two  districts  into  which  the  state  is 
divided,  the  apparatus  reported  for  the  fisheries  of  the 
Pacific  Ocean  district  being  valued  at  $586,000  and 
that  reported  for  fisheries  of  the  Columbia  River  at 
$576,000. 

The  value  of  the  i^ipafatos  employed  in  the  Aon 

and  boat  fiusheries,  $1,102,000,  is  greatly  in  excess  of 
that  reported  for  vessel  fisheries,  $60,000.  Of  the 
latter  amount,  $45,000,  or  slightly  more  than  75  per 
cent,  represented  the  value  of  lines  used  for  the  cod 
and  halibut  catch. 

While  the  pound  net  is  used  man  exteotMj  in  the 
salmon  fisheries  ot  Pngrt  Sound,  the  laiger  gill  nets 
are  found  in  the  Columbi*  River  fisheries,  for  which 
926  were  reported,  as  compared  with  1,295  gill  nets 
returned  as  used  elsewhere  in  the  state.  Fish  wheels, 
of  which  13  were  reported,  were  in  use  only  on  the 
Columbia  River,  and  their  catch  was  confined  to  sal- 
mcMi.  Hie  foUowing  tabular  statement  shows  statia- 
ties  as  to  the  number  of  the  more  important  kinds  of 
aiqparatus  of  capture: 


Beam  trawls  

Crab  pots.  

Dip  nets.  

Gifi  nets  

Pound  nets  

Seines  

TnpaadtutagntU. 


ATFASATUS  OW  CAmiBE:  1906.  > 


1 

7,755 
80 

2,221 
365 
349 

ua 

IS 


Padflc 
Ooeu 


1 

7,755 


1,295 
137 
314 
IM 


Columbia 
River. 


80 
926 


liariMra«id1w«tMMricB,exceptlb«aiitniri,2sflI  nets,  and  4S  seines. 

Products,  hy  species. — ^Table  1,  on  page  267,  shows  in 
detafl  the  quantity  and  value  of  the  products,  by 
species  and  by  apparatus  of  capture,  for  1908.  The 
total  products  of  the  Washington  fisheries  in  1908 
amounted  to  100,456,000  pounds,  valued  at  $3,513,- 
000,  as  compared  with  88,955,000  pounds,  valued  at 
$2,973,000,  in  1904,  an  increase  of  11,502,000  pounds, 
or  13  per  cent,  in  quantity,  and  $541,000,  or  18  per 
cent,  in  Tahie.  The  inorease  reported  for  halibut 
alone  was  very  laige,  amounting  to  18/166,000  pounds, 
valued  at  $879,000;  but  this  increase  was  partial^ 
offset  by  the  decreases  reported  for  several  other  spe- 
cies, particularly  for  several  varieties  of  salmon.  For 
cod,  herring,  and  smelt  there  were  marked  increases 
both  in  the  quantity  and  value  of  the  catch.  The 
black  bass,  widek  was  foimeiiy  cau^^t  in  limited 
quantities,  is  reported  to  be  entirely  extinct,  none 
having  been  taken  lor  the  past  few 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 


265 


Products,  hy  fishing  grounds. — Tables  2  and  3,  on 
page  268,  give,  respectively,  for  the  JPacific  Ocean  dis- 
trict and  for  the  Columbia  River,  statistics  similar  to 
those  shown  in  Table  1.  The  relative  importance  of 
tibe  different  species  is  indicated  in  the  fdlowing  tabu- 
lar statement,  wiiieh  dHstributes  the  Tahie  of  products 
lepcnrted  for  the  state  and  for  each  district  aoooiding 
to  qMdes,  arranged  in  order  of  value: 


gdnon ......... , 

Chinook  

Blueback,  or 

Silver  

Steelhead  

Dog,  (HT  chum... 

HtfibS.  

CBd,nllHl  

amdt  

HcRiog...  

Perch,  viviparoot... 

Sturgeon  

Rockfish  

AUoOmt  

Oyatcn  

Market,  tmaaifvatt 
Seed,  from  pnVatow 

Crabs,  hard  

Shrimp  

Claiiia,nuor  


rum  or  noovcn:  1908. 


FMiflc 
Owan 
district. 


Columbia 
River. 


13,513,000 


3,054,000 
1,571,000 
565  000 
513; 000 
255,000 
123,000 
115,000 
1,236,000 
124,000 
61,000 
21,000 
15,000 
6,000 
5,200 
15,000 
362,000 
346,000 
6,500 
51,000 
22,000 
22,000 


$.3, 018,  (Km 


«495,000 


2,559,000 
1,097,000 
250,000 
499,000 
200,000 
42,000 
105,000 
1,236,000 
124,000 
45,000 
21,000 
15.000 
3,100 
6,200 
13,000 
352,000 
346,000 
C.SOO 
51,000 
22,000 
22,000 
13,000 


4»5,000 
475,000 
315,000 
14,000 
54,000 
81,000 
11,000 


2,000 

'i,'«6 


Of  the  products  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  district  fish- 
eries the  salmon  product  was  the  most  important,  so 
far  as  the  amount  of  the  catch  is  concerned,  contribut- 
ing 44,297,000  pounds,  or  not  quite  one-half  of  a  total 
eatdi  ot  89,305,000  pounds.  The  laigest  value,  how- 
ever, was  reported  for  the  halibut  catch,  which  ranked 
second  in  quantity,  and  represented  somewhat  more 
than  one-third  of  the  total  catch  and  the  total  value. 
The  lower  average  value  of  the  salmon  product 
resulted  largely  from  the  fact  that  the  spedes  of  salmon 
for  whidh  the  largest  catdi  was  reported  was  the  dog 
or  dium,  which  is  of  comparatively  little  value. 
Catches  but  sli^tly  smaller  than  that  of  the  latter 
species  were  reported  for  the  blueback  and  for  the 
silver  salmon,  the  value  of  the  blueback  catch  repre- 
senting 45  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products  of 
the  salmon  fisheries.  Oysters  ranked  next  to  salmon 
In  Talue  of  products,  whfle  salted  cod  also  otmtributed 
■n  unpcnrtant  product  from  the  standpmnt  both  of 
quantity  and  value. 

Practically  the  only  important  product  of  the 
Columbia  River  fisheries  was  salmon,  which  repre- 
sented 90  per  cent  of  the  total  catch  and  contributed 
96  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products  reported  for 
thki  river.  Of  the  different  species  of  sahnon,  the 
chinook,  wfaidi  ranked  fourth  in  quantity  and  second 
in  value  in  the  Pacific  Ocean  district,  led  both  in 
quantity  and  value,  constituting  53  per  cent  of  the 
total  salmon  catch  reported  for  the  Columbia  River, 
and  contributing  66  per  cent,  or  practically  two- 
thirds,  of  its  value.    The  silver  variety  ranked  next 


to  the  chinook  in  quantity,  and  the  steelhead  next  in 
value,  while  insignificant  totals  were  reported  for  the 
blueback,  which,  as  has  already  been  shown,  was  the 
principal  product  of  tlie  salmon  fisheries  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean  and  its  adj<nning  waters.  There  was  a  Uidf 
large  smelt  product,  but  the  catdies  of  all  other  vari- 
eties of  fish  reported  fw  tiie  Columbia  Bbnr  wmB 
unimportant  both  in  quantity  and  value. 

Of  the  total  value  of  products,  87  per  cent  repre- 
sented the  value  of  fish  proper.  The  value  of  the 
salmon  catch  constituted  45  per  cent,  or  more  than 
three-eevenths,  of  tiie  total  value  of  products  for  the 
state;  36  per  cent,  or  not  quite  three  ei^htiis,  of  the 
value  of  the  c9UAi  reported  for  the  Pacific  Ocean  dis- 
trict ;  and  96  per  cent,  or  considerably  more  than  nine- 
tenths,  of  the  value  of  the  Columbia  River  catch. 
The  halibut  catch  ranked  second  in  importance,  as 
measured  by  value,  and  was  confined  entirely  to  the 
ocean  fidmies,  its  value  rquesenting  35  per  cent  ot 
the  total  value  <^  produds  and  41  per  cent  ot  the 
value  of  products  reported  for  the  Padfic  Ocean  dis- 
trict. The  value  reported  for  oysters  represented 
10  per  cent  of  the  total  in  1908.  No  other  product 
contributed  as  much  as  5  per  cent  of  the  total  value 
of  products. 

The  fisheries  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  district  formed  by 
far  the  mon  important  brandi  of  the  state's  fisheries, 

contributing  86  per  cent,  or  more  lhan  five-sixths,  ot 
the  total  value  of  products,  as  compared  with  14  per 
cent  credited  to  the  Columbia  River.  The  latter  dis- 
trict, however,  reported  30  per  cent  of  the  total  value 
of  the  salmon  catch. 

The  following  tabular  statement  diows  the  distri- 
bution of  tiie  total  catdi  of  the  state  aoomfing  to  ihB 
different  waters  from  triudi  it  was  taken: 


nSBIltO  OIOUIID. 


Total 

Pacific 
Puget  Soi 

Columbia  River  

Willapa  Bay  

Grays  Harbor  

BelflnsbMB  B«7«Bda4Jaoeiit  waten. 
Quiniaalt  Rivw  


(iuantitv 
(pounds). 


M^IBS.ono 
40,«ao,ooo 

11,161,000 
2,025,000 
3,294.000 
1,UB,000 
780,000 


VakM. 


1.369.000 
1.308.000 
495.000 
226,000 
56,000 
36,000 
22.000 


The  largest  quantity  of  product  was  caught  in 
Puget  Sound,  although  the  value  of  the  ocean  catch 
was  greater  by  more  than  $60,000.  This  is  due  to  the 
increased  activity  in  the  cod  and  halibut  fisheries, 
which  are  ocean  fisheries,  and  the  decrease  in  the 
Puget  Sound  catdi  <^  the  voon  valuaUe  varieties  of 
the  salmon. 

Products,  hy  class  ofjuheries. — Statistics  relating  to 
the  products  of  the  vessel  fisheries  of  the  state,  by 
species  and  by  apparatus  of  capture,  are  presented 
in  Table  4,  on  page  269;  and  similar  statistics  for 
the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  are  given  in  Table  5,  on 


Oi*  THE  UNmSD  STATES,  1908. 


ptp  269.    Statistics  as  to  the  products  of  the  shore 
mad  boal  SAmtB  <rf  the  Pacific  Ocean  district  are 
gif«B  m  IWUe    M  page  37a 
TIm  total  catch  of  tho  yenel  JUiariai  mm  40,171,000 

pounds,  valued  at  $1,569,000,  representing  40  per 
cent  and  45  per  cent,  respectively,  of  the  correspond- 
ing totals  for  the  state.  Halibut  was  the  principal 
product,  fonning  75  per  cent  of  the  total  catch  of  the 
wmmA  fidMries,  and  otmtribiitii^  79  per  cent  of  the 
total  rtbtm  of  tkmr  piodiiete.  Cod,  salmoii,  oyBters, 
and  shrimp  were  other  products  of  importance.  The 
bulk  of  the  catch  of  the  vessel  fisheries  was  made 
by  lines,  seines,  and  dredges  and  tongs,  87  per  cent 
of  the  quantity  being  taken  by  lines.  Less  than  1  per 
coat  of  the  total  product  was  caught  by  gill  nets  and 
tntwfa.  The  total  catch  of  the  Yeaad  fisheries  was 
credited  to  the  Pacific  Ocean  district,  no  ftJiing  yes- 
aels  being  emploved  in  the  Columbia  River  fisbeiiea. 

The  shore  and  boat  fisheries  produced  60  per  cent 
of  the  total  quantity  and  55  per  cent  of  the  total  value 
of  fishery  products  of  Washington  in  1908.  Salmon 
formed  the  chief  product,  and  of  the  total  salmon  catch 
in  the  itate  92  per  cent,  representing  95  par  cent 
of  the  Taloe,  was  reported  by  the  diore  and  boat 
fishcnes.  Poond  nets,  gill  nets,  and  sones  were  the 
apparatus  BHat  extcnsiYiiljr  iiaed  lo  tluB  eUas  el 
fisheries. 

Of  the  total  quantity  reported  for  the  fisheries  of 
the  Flacifie  Ocean  district,  55  per  cent,  with  a  value 
•qoal  to  48  percent  of  the  total  Talue,  represented  the 
pwdacts  of  the  shore  and  boat  fidberies  of  these 
waters,  comprising  mainly  wahaon,  together  with 
eysters  and  other  shellfish. 

Products,  by  apparatus  of  capture. — The  following 
tabular  statement  shows  the  value  of  the  products 
takaByhy  the  princ^Md  kmds  of  apparatus  of  capture 
■Hi,  Ik  1908: 


OMMotedby 

1  DjatrOmted^elMior 

aeSiL. 

Shore  and 

ToUl  

13.513.000 

1  S3. 018, 000 

$495,000 

SI. 569.000 

S1,M4,000 

1,368.000 
MS,  000 

3S2.000 
333,000 

51.000 
26.000 
47,000 

1,368,000 
703,000 
^000 

0,000 

1,368,000 

PanadBM.  

165,000 
216,000 

868,000 
468,000 
3(8,000 
07,000 

51,000 
26,000 

Om  nets  

Dndges,  ton^,  etc. 

Tnpa  and  hoop 

700 

Alodier  

The  line  catch  was  larger  in  respect  both  to  quan- 
tity and  value  than  the  catch  credited  to  any  other 
kind  of  apparatus  used  in  1908.  Halibut  represented 
86  per  cent  of  the  quantity  and  90  per  cent  of  the 


value  of  products  taken  by  lines,  cod  and  rockfish 
being  the  only  qther  Idnds  of  fish  included  in  this 
catch. 

The  greatw  part  of  the  catch  reported  as  taken  by 
pound  nets,  gSl  nets,  and  seines  conaiBted  of  aalmon, 
although  laige  quantities  of  hmng,  snalt,  AmaAm, 

and  shrimp  are  caught  by  seines. 

Salmon. — Salmon  is  the  principal  product  of  the 
Washington  fisheries  both  in  quantity  and  value,  the 
catch  of  1908  amounting  to  54,312,000  pounds,  valued 
at  $1,571,000,  althoni^  this  iei»«sents  a  decrease  of 
20  per  cent  in  quantity  and  of  19  per  cent  in  Tahw 
since  1904,  when  a  catch  of  68,252,000  pounds,  valued 
at  $1,943,000,  was  reported.  The  several  species  all 
shared  in  these  decreases,  with  the  exception  of  the 
blueback,  or  sockeye,  and  the  steelhead.  For  the 
former  an  increase  of  9  per  cent  in  quantity  was  re- 
ported, whidi  was  accompanied,  however,  by  a  de- 
crease of  3  per  cent  in  value,  and  for  the  steelhead  an 
increase  of  26  par  cent  in  quanta^  and  a  gtkk  of  fiO  per 
cent  in  value  were  reported. 

Both  in  1908  and  1904  the  largest  catch  reported 
for  any  single  species  was  for  the  silver  salmon, 
although  the  later  canvass  shows  marked  decreases 
in  both  the  quantity  and  the  value  of  this  species, 
amoontii^  to  46  per  cant  and  49  per  cent,  respectivety. 
Dog  salmon  was  next  in  importance  so  f iff  as  the 
amount  of  the  catch  was  concerned,  followed  dos^ 
by  the  blueback  and  the  chinook.  0^ving  to  the  supe- 
rior quality  of  the  last-named  species,  however,  the 
value  of  the  catch  was  greater  than  that  reported  for 
any  other  species  of  salmon,  the  blueback  being  a  close 
seccmd  in  this  req>ect,  while  for  dog  salmon,  on  ac- 
count d  its  inferiority  as  a  food  fidi,  the  smallest  value 
was  reported,  in  spite  of  the  large  catch  of  this  species. 
The  marked  falling  off,  as  compared  with  1904,  both 
in  the  quantity  and  value  of  the  chinook  catch,  ac- 
companied by  the  increase  in  the  catch  of  the  blue- 
badE  8alm<m,  makes  it  probaUe  that  the  latter  may 
in  time  beccnne  the  most  impiMiant  product  of  th^ 
salmon  fisheries  of  the  state.  Both  species  are  laigefy 
sold  fresh,  being  frozen  and  ahiK>ed  in  nixigfinltm  e$sm 
to  eastern  markets. 

The  following  tabular  statement  distributes  the 
salmon  catch  of  the  state  according  to  the  different 
-watonB  from  which  it  waa  takm: 


SALMON  product:  lOOiL 

Quantity 
Cpooadt). 

Valoe. 

54,312.000 

Sl.571,000 

37,671,000 
10,015,000 

3,203,000 
1,781,000 
780,000 

MiteH 

906,000 
475,000 

45,000 
24,000 
2^000 

n,iai 

FISHERI£S»  BY  STATES. 


267 


Halibut. — Next  to  salmon  the  hahbut  product  is  the 
most  important  of  the  fishery  products  of  Washington. 
Thecatdiof  1908,  ayearwhidiwaaoneof  themostsuo- 
Geesfulever  experienced  by  thefisheriesof  themnrthwest 
coast,  was  the  heaviest  yet  reported,  amounting  to 
30,072,000  pounds,  valued  at  $1,236,000— an  increase 
smce  1904  of  149  per  cent  in  quantity  and  246  per  cent 
in  value.    The  growth  of  the  halibut  fishery  has  been 

Table  1.— WASHINGTON- 


more  marked  than  that  of  any  other  branch  of  the 
Wadiington  fisheries.  Daring  the  summer  months  the 
halibut  fleet,  ^diieh  has  recently  been  increased  by  the 
addition  of  a  number  of  sploidid  steel  vessels,  operates 

off  Cape  Flatter}',  but  as  winter  approaches  it  becomes 
too  rough  in  this  locality,  and  the  smaller  boats  tie  up 
for  the  winter,  while  the  larger  ones  go  to  Alaska,  where 
the  fishmg  grounds  are  better  protected  from  storms. 

-FISHERY  PRODUCT.S:  1908. 


Total. 


Black  cod... 
Cod,  salted.. 
Cnltusood... 


Halibut  

Herrini;  

'  .YiTipuioiis. 


blueback 

»ye  

chinook. 
Sdmon^  dog  or 

chum  

Ssdmon,  silver  

Salmon,  steelhead 


TOTAL. 


QnantitT 
(poandB). 


100,456,000 


S3, 513, 000 


Sole. 

Sturgeon. 


Crabs,  hard  

Slirimp  

Clams,  bard  

Clams,  razor  

Oysters,  market,  from 

pciraie  anas  

Oystefa,  aeed,  from  pri- 


168,000 
4,048,000 
62,000 
284,000 

30,072,000 
2,506,000 
661.000 
1S3,000 


12,501,000 
12,336,000 

13,05.5,000 
14,080,000 
2,339,000 

100.000 
2,897,000 
190,000 
185,000 

2,179,000. 

247,000 
*  155,000 
<  334,000 

» 1,321,000 

•104,000 


Value. 


4,900 
124,000 
1,400 
3,200 

1,230,000 
21,000 
16,000 
6,200 


513,000 
666,000 

115,000 
255,000 
123,000 

1,900 
01,000 
3,800 
0,000 

51,000 
22,000 
13,000 
22,000 

346,000 

6,600 


ntOMJCT  CAUOHT  ST- 


QuantitT 
(pendt). 

Vdna. 

Vaiae. 

Quantity 
dNWiidlf). 

Vahw. 

QuantitT 
(poundaj. 

Vatoa. 

Quantity 
(pcnods). 

ValM. 

to^Utj 

ValiM. 

35,013,000 

61,368,000 

28,860,000 

6868,000 

i6,aBa;ooo 

$468,000 

14,932,000 

633^000 

481,000 

626,000 

4,909,000 

6450,000 

168,000 
4,648,000 

62,000 

4,900 
124,000 
1,400 

30,072,000 

1,230,000 

sr.oQO 

600,000 

300 
2,600 

267,000 

2,200,000 

6,000 

19,000 

61,000 

1,700 

10,491,000 
6,818,000 

4,230,000 
6,991,000 
855,000 

64,000 

6,000 

424,000 
242,000 

32,000 
122,000 
41,000 

1,200 

200 

649,000 
5,385,000 

3,600,000 
5,714,000 
726,000 

500 
90,000 

27,000 
258,000 

30,000 
105,000 
41,000 

(») 

4,500 

661,000 
00^000 

1,269,000 

851,000 

5, 220,000 
1,375,000 
651,000 

35,000 
1,907,000 
185,000 
8,100 

16,000 
8.800 

57,000 
48,000 

54,000 
28,000 
36,000 

700 
45,000 
3,600 
700 

92,000 
282,000 

5,300 
16,000 

107,000 

4,800 

900,000 

ia;ooo 

80,000 

2,700 

97,000 

2,600 

2,179,000 

51,000 
1,000 
13,000 
22,000 

346,000 

232,000 

21,000 

15,000 
*  155,000 
« 234, 000 

»1,321,000 

•104,000  6,500 

art^n^floopoi 


1  TwfJw«i—  attparatua,  wttb  «ateh,  as  follows:  D: 
,  900,000  pwroj;,  Tilmd  ■>  tl2,000;  b|Mm  ^i^^^^^^' 


1,425,000  pounAL  Tdaed  at  tni.000;  traps  and  hoop  nets.  %179,000  pounds,  valued  atSOl/MM; 

889,000  pounds,  valBia«834,oqO. 


"valued  at  61,100;  and 
•23^000  ~ 


*mfioa  buabeia. 


•  UyOOO  buibela. 


WSSaMBIB&  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  IMS. 

Tablb  2.— WASHINGTON— fishery  PRODUCTS  OF  PACIFIC  OCEAN  DISTRICT:  1908. 


Qnanttty 
(poonds). 


Valiw. 


Pound  neti. 


VahM. 


Seines. 


ValDe. 


amneta. 


Vahw. 


All  other  ■ppanUm.' 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


tW^OOO  11,077,000 


tl83,000 


Black  cod. 


Halibut  

Herring  

Pefch,  viviparous. 


1.  dog  or  chum. 

Salmon,  silver  

flalnMMi,  stficUMad. . 


Or5t#rs. 
anas.. 

Oyalea,  seed,  frtHn  private 


168,000 
4,648,000 
63,000 
384,000 

30,072,000 
2,506,000 
661.000 
132,000 


12,231,000 
6,981,000 
12,246,000 
12,150,000 
680,000 

mum 

5^ 

2,179,000 
247,000 
•UB^OOO 
*  234,000 


«1, 321, 000 
•104,000 


4,900 
124,000 

1,236,000 
21,000 
15,000 
5,200 


499,000 
250,000 
105,000 
200,000 
42,000 

46,000 
3,800 
1,100 

51,000 
22,000 
13,000 
22,000 


346,000 
6,500 


168,000 
4,648,000 
63,600 


4,900 
124,000 
1,400 


0,072,000 

63,666 


1, 


27,000 
'366,066 


300 


257,000 


3,000 


2,300 


1,700 


10,334,000 
4,425,000 
3,690,000 
5,993,000 
86,000 


417,000 
161,000 
26,000 
92,000 
3,500 


2,206,000 
661,000 
60,000 


1,252,000 
39,000 
5,226,00  ( 
1,146,000 
190,000 

1,907,000 


232,000 


19,000 
15,000 
3,500 


57,000 
2,000 
52,000 
22,000 
14,000 

45,000 

3,600 


21,000 


645,000 
2,517,000 
3,330,000 
5,011,000 

403,000 


26,000 
88,000 
26,000 
86,000 
25,000 


71,000 


1,400 


3,179,000 
U,000 
•156,000 
•334,000 


*  1,321,000 
•104,000 


51,000 
1,100 
13,000 
22,000 


346,000 
6,600 


■Ineindes  ap. 
^■^ISjOOO  pouiHl% 


« MIows:  Dredgm,  ton^, 
li  minor  apparatus, 
•23^baiiMls. 


poonds,  valued  at  H834M8;  1 
*~  '  at  $34,000. 
« 180,000  I 


t  feMV  mm,  Xm/m  pounds, 
t 


CY  FRODDOTB  OF  TBB  OOUTMBU  RIVSR.-*  19Q8. 


QMgtit^ 

Value. 

Vabie. 

^WOUtjr 

Vataw. 

Vatan. 

Quantity 
(pMBds). 

Vaha*. 

aiilman.chJDook  

ti,ni.«it 

4,mt,m» 

018^080 

S,W3,000 

8186,000 

1,884,000 

$77,000 

1,382,000 

$38,000 

270.000 
5,356,000 

800,000 
1,990,000 
1,650,000 

100,000 
990,000 
46,000 

14,000 
315,000 
11.000 
54,000 
81,000 

1,900 
16,000 
2,900 

3,500 
2,868,000 
270,000 
703,000 
323,000 

500 
90.000 
26,000 

100 
170,000 
4,300 
19,000 
16,000 

(•) 

4,500 
1,200 

158,000 
1.393,000 
539,000 
997,000 
760,000 

64,000 

7,500 
82,000 

6,500 
30,000 
38,000 

1,200 

17,000 
812,000 

700 
46,000 

92,000 
282,000 

5,300 
16,000 

229,000 
451,000 

35,000 

5,600 
23.000 

700 

107,000 

900,000 

12,000 

1,000 

8,100 

700 

I  An  taken  in  shore 
•Indndes 


Witt  mMN.  Ml 


MSHERIES,  BY  STATES.  M9 

Table  4.— WASHINGTON— PRODUCTS  OF  VESSEL  FISHERIES;  1908. 


laoMio*  CAUoar  wt— 

Lines. 

QoMitttjr 
(pounds). 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

VdDt. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

40,171,000 

S6,(BX,0Q0 

tl,MB,000 

4,7»,800 

IH^«08 

Fish: 

1(*.000 
4,648,000 
62,000 
30,072,000 
130,000 
63,000 

664.000 
6,000 
3,032,000 
626,000 
24,000 
38,000 
14,000 

247,000 
•377,000 

4,900 
124,000 
1,400 
1,236,000 
1,300 
1,180 

30,000 
400 
30,000 
11,000 

1,800 
1,100 
200 

22,000 
IM^OOO 

108,000 
4,048,000 
62,000 
30,072,000 

4,900 
124,000 
1,400 
1,236,000 

130,000 

1,300 

61,000 

1,700 

886,800 

6,000 
3,027,000 
608,000 
24,000 
88,860 

30,000 
400 
30,000 
11.000 
1,800 
1,M0 

5,000 
28,000 

flOO 

14,000 

15,000 
•  377,000 

200 

1,100 
UM.688 

232,000 

21,000 

1  Includes  apparatus,  with  wteii,atigll»in:  Pwiltes,  toais,<tc^  377,800  pounds,  valoed  at  8104,000;  beam  tnmli,  U^IOB  pounds,  viload  ^UJUO;  mA^amtt,^^ 

poonds,  valued  at  $700. 
»  Less  tlian  $100. 
•H060  bustMls. 


Taui  8.— WASHmOTON-PBODUOTS  OF  SHORE  AND  BOAT  FISHERIES:  190B. 


Ofllaoti. 

ADotlwriypOTtea.' 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(poundB). 

Value. 

TtBb: 

60,285,000 

$1,044,000 

28,860,000 

16,315,000 

8468,000 

10,213.000 

$237,000 

4,996,000 

$.371,000 

284,000 
^376,000 
660,000 

69.000 

11.837,000 
12,330,000 
10,023,000 
13,454,000 
2,314,000 

100,000 
2,859,000 
190,000 
171,000 

2,170,000 
» 155,000 
< 234,000 
•944,000 
•lt^«8B 

3,200 
20,000 
15,000 

3,500 

484.000 
505,000 
85.000 
243,000 
121,000 

1,900 
60,000 
3.800 
5,800 

61,000 
13.000 
22.000 
242,000 

*-| 

M^MO 

300 
3,380 

257,000 
3,8n»000 
888,000 

60,000 

fia5.ooo 

84,5.  (XX) 
2.199.000 
778.000 
626,000 

35.000 
1,869,000 
185,000 
8,100 

2,900 
17,000 
15.000 

3,500 

28,000 
4,H.(XX) 
22.000 
17,000 
34.000 

700 
44.0(X) 
3,600 
700 

10.491.000 
5.818.000 
4,230,000 
6,990,000 
886,000 

84,880 

424.000 
242,000 

.32.000 
122.000 

41,000 

1,300 

649.000 
5.385.000 
3,595,000 
6,666,000 

726,000 

500 
90,000 

27,000 
25S.(XX) 

30.000 
105,000 

41,000 

(») 

4.500 

02,000 
282,000 

5,300 
16,000 

107,000 

4,888 

900,000 

12.000 

Sole  

5.  (XX) 
80,000 

■200 
2,700 

83,000 

2,400 

2,170.000 
•155.000 
« 234.000 
•944.000 

51,088 

13.000 
22.000 
242.000 



I  bdndeo  wparatus,  with  oatdi,  as  loUowa:  Dndges,  tongs,  etc.,  1,048,000  pounds,  valnad  at  3348,000;  tnoo  and  hoop  nete.  2,179,000  pounds,  valiiad  at  IBM*:  ^rtMlk 
Mtt  aan nonnds  rn 'ttH at tTf  fW ~Ttr  Tr'f*"innir4i  T*T*^**r*'^*^~*''^miiafatiM-100j080iiimii  mliiuilottll-flOO 


fin  FISHERIES  OP  TBB  UNITED  STATES,  1906. 

Tabu  6.— WASHINGTON— PRODUCTS  OF  SHORE  AND  BOAT  FISHERIES  OF  THE  PACIFIC  OCEAN  DISTRICT:  1908. 


HMMMI  OAWn  ST— 

Offlaata. 

AHfltber  apparatiiAJ> 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Quantitr 
(pomds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

V'alue. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Valve. 

QnantitT 
(poands). 

Vatan 

m,m,m 

8k«l7,000 

S334,«l» 

284,000 

2,376,000 
660,000 
60,000 

11,806,000 

6,975,000 
9,214,000 

u,8aLooo 

l,Mi,00O 

190,000 

125,000 

2,179,000 
» 155,000 
*  234,000 
«  944,000 

3,m 

20,000  1 

15,000  : 

3,500  • 

470,000  1 

250,000  i 
74,000  i 

189,000 
«,000 

44,000 

3,800 

2,900  ! 

51.000  1 
13,000 
22,000 
242,000 
6,500 

27,000 
300,000 

300 
2,200 

367,000 

2.076.000 

2,900 

17.000 

Perch  

(kin.noo  i    1.5.000  I    

Baekfbb.  .   

69,000 

■  588,000 
33,000 
2, 199,000 
549,000 

1,800,000 
185,000 

3,500 

27,000 
1,600 
22,000 
11,000 
13,000 

44,000 
3,000 

10,334,000 
4,425.000 
^080,000 

417,000 
161,000 
26,000 
9^000 

645,000 
2.517,000 
3,325,000 
4,963,000 

4n,ooo 

36,000 
88,000 
26,000 
86,000 
lB,iOO 

^000 

200 

1,100 

1 

2,179,000  1  51,000 
2  1.5.5.000  '  l,i.lX)0 

•234,000 
« 944,000 
•104,000 

22,000 
242,000 
6,S0O 

•  10^1,000 

■  Indodes  apparatus,  with  catcb,  as  IdUows:  Dredges,  tongs,  etc,  1^)48,000  poands,  valued  at  $248/X)0;  traps  and  boqp  nets,  2,179,000  pounds,  valued  at  ISl/IOO;  and 
tor  apparatus,  3>(9,000«aaii^  M  $.34,000. 

*  19,000  boslMls.  >  23,000  bushels.  *  135,000  bnsbeb.  '  15,000  bushels. 

The  quantity  and  value  of  products,  by  fl]MdM, 

as  follows: 


tAanm  id  West  '^^igmia  an  oonr 
to  tk»  Oy»  Bhw  ttid  am  afl  of  tiM  Aen  and 
boat  class. 

The  following  statement  gives  a  general  iminmaiy  of 
tiba  fiahing  induatiy  of  the  state  in  1908: 

Number  of  paMM4Hplqfad...   ^ 

Gupttal: 

BMto.   flOO 

ipf  liolqyfw.   200 

Shore  and  acccaBUty  property   800 

Value  of  pffxlurt   2, 000 

In  1908  large  reductions  appear  in  the  number  of 
persons  employed,  the  capital  invested,  and  the  quan- 
tity and  value  of  fishery  products,  as  compared  with 
HM  mtd  for  yAiA  jmm  statiatiea  are  giviii  in 
tlM  nporla  of  Ifaa  Piuiau  of  IManaa.  Tha 


OlVMal 

SI, 100  , 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

8 

86 

m 

33,000 
161,000 

t2,000 
12,000 

1 

Hm  loUl  Taloa  of  oqaqMBont  aa  ftported  for  1908 

was  $300,  and  represented  eight  rowboats,  valued  at 
$100,  and  apparatus  of  capture  valued  at  $200.  The 
latter  consisted  of  lines,  two  and  22  fyke  and 

hoop  nets. 


Catfish  

Carp,  German  

Drum,  fresh-water. 

Suckers  

Sturgeon  

PUwfmh  (walUywl  itOn). 


Y  PBODUCtR 
1908. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


33,000 


9,600 
9,800 
3,400 
6,000 
3,000 
1,400 
300 


VahM. 


83,000 


0) 


700 
400 
300 
300 
200 
100 


>  Less  than  SIOO. 


WI800VSIN. 


Hm  fiaheiy  i»oductB  of  WlaoMMm  wen  obtained 

from  the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributary  waters, 
and  from  Lake  Superior  and  Lake  Michigan.  The  fol- 
lowing statement  gives  a  summary  of  the  chief  statia> 
tics  for  the  fishing  industry  of  this  state  in  1908 : 

Number  of  persons  employed   2,  Oil 

Capital: 

Vessels  and  boats,  indodillf  (NrtSt  ;   $417, 000 

Apparatus  of  capture   407,  (XX) 

Shore  and  accessory  property  and  <;a8h   276, 000 

YslMofimaaete  1,0$7,000 

Qmpwritim  wiA  pnoioug  etumuaet. — The  Talne  <tf 
the  product  in  1908  was  larger  than  that  reported  in 

1899,  in  both  the  river  and  the  lake  distiieta.  Tbe 

comparative  summary  following  shows  the  more  im- 
portant statistics  relating  to  the  fisheries  of  the  two 
districts  in  1899  and  1908. 


FISH£BI£S»  BY  STATES. 


271 


Per- 
sons 
am- 

ployed, 
exclu- 
sive of 
gbores- 

TALtni  or  BQBfnmn. 

PRODUCT.^. 

TotaL 

Vessels 
and 
boats. 
Including 

Appara- 
tus of 
capture. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

All  fisheries: 

im 

Great  Laices: 

1908  

1899  

Mississippi  River 
district: 

1908  

1,881 
1,016 

I8a«,ooo 

«S,000 

««i7,a» 
i«,eoo 

9107,000 

an.ooo 

90,988,000 
96,767,000 

11,067,000 
542,000 

1,284 
1,154 

605 

m 

751,000 
468,000 

73,000 
lfi,000 

383,000 
189,000 

34,000 
7,000 

367,000 
279,000 

40,000 
9.000 

22,995,000 
11^999^999 

7,9i58,000 
17,237,000 

853,000 

215,000 
88,000 

The  large  quantity  reported  for  tiie  Mississippi 
Bhrer  district  in  1899  consisted  chieAy  of  mussel 

shells,  the  food-fish  catch  in  that  year  being  only  about 
a  miUion  pounds.  A  period  of  great  excitement  over 
pearl  hunting  began  in  1896,  and  this  activity,  while  it 
lasted,  drew  fishermen  away  from  their  usual  pur- 
suits, so  that  the  catch  of  fish  proper  was  very  small. 

Peraana  employed. — ^The  following  table  gives  data 
eoiBoernii^  the  persons  employed  in  the  fisheries  of 
WvooD^  in  1908.  The  number  connected  with  the 
Aore  and  boat  fisheries,  including  36  of  the  shoresmen, 
was  1,528,  while  the  number  credited  to  vessel  fish- 
eries, including  the  86  remaining  shoresmen,  was  473. 
More  than  one-half  of  the  persons  employed  in  the 
shore  and  boat  fishraies,  and  nearly  nine-tenths  of 
those  employed  in  the  veoocl  Baheanm,  wrae  lepcHied 
for  the  Lake  llidiigaii  district. 


nauomsimoTXD:  UMH. 


KumlMr. 

Mima  iwi  nim 

Total. 

Proprie- 
tors and 
independ- 

Salaried 
employ- 
•es. 

Wage- 
eamers. 

Total. 

Sala- 
ries. 

Wago. 

Total  

2,011 

1  1,120 

3 

888 

1266,000 

9400 

«$2(i6,000 

Vessel  fisheries 
THMMyprtlng 

387 
10 

1,492 
122 

135 

2 

250 
10 

606 

122 

113,000 
3,500 

114,000 
36,000 

100 

113,000 
3,500 

114,000 
36,000 

Shore  and 
boat  fish- 
eries  

985 

1 

300 

Uke  MieiiigHi  dis- 

1,206 

639 

2 

G65 

203,000 

300 

203,000 

Vessel  fisheries.. 
Transporting 

vessels  

Shore  and  boat 

fisheries  

345 

3 

757 
101 

200 

126 

1 

218 

3 

243 
101 

106 

108,000 

200 

60,000 
34,000 

19,000 

100 

108,000 

200 

60,000 
34,000 

19,000 

513 

1 

300 

Late  Superioc  dis- 
trict  

93 

1 

(') 

Vessel  fisheries.. 

42 

7 

130 
21 

605 

9 

1 

32 

7 

46 
21 

217 

4,700 

3,200 

9,500 
1,600 

44,000 

(') 

4,600 

3,200 

9.500 
1,C00 

44,000 

Sbofeand  boat 

84 

Mississippi  River 
district  (shore  and 

388 

>  Exclusive  of  42 
*  Includes  prov 
»  Less  than  $100 


not  fishing. 


Equipment  and  other  capital. — The  following  tabular 
statement  gives  the  distribution,  by  class  of  investment, 


of  the  total  capital  employed  in  the  fisheriea  of  the  staite 
and  of  each  district  in  1908: 


cun  ov  mvxmaiiiT. 

1 1 

VALVK  or  EQVirilEMT  AND  OTHKB  CAtnUi  MB. 

Like 
district. 

Mississippi 
River 
district. 

Lake 
Superior 
district. 

Total  

Vessels,  including  outfit  

91,100,000 

9034.000 

999,900 

984,000 

244,000 
235,000 
235,000 
187,000 
48,000 

9,000 

6,800 
2.200 

17:1.000 

154,000 
4,200 
13,000 
1,200 
407,000 
174,000 
233,000 
236,000 
49^989 

218.000 
218.000 
218,000 
173,000 

45,000 

(«) 

999 
990 

200 
125.000 
116,000 
2,800 
4,300 
1.200 
330.000 
169,000 
167,000 
215,000 
49,999 

25.000 
17,000 
17,000 
14,000 
2,600 

Fish  in K  

Steam  and  motor  

Outfit  

other  

Transporting  (steam  and 

8,500 
6.500 
2.000 
1.5.000 
12,000 
1,4I9 
i;889 

Veaseb  

Outfit  

SaiL  

34.000 
26,000 

Row  

7,600 

%990 

40.000 
7,600 

Vessel  fisheries  

Shore  and  boat  fisheries  

Shore  and  accessory  property . . . 

31,000 
4,300 

26,000 
13,000 

9199. 

The  value  of  vessels  and  boats,  including  their  out- 
fit, and  ^lat  of  iqpparatus  of  cupture  eadi  formed 
souMthii^  over  37  per  cei^  of  the  total  investment, 

while  the  value  of  shore  and  acoess(My  property^,  com- 
bined w^ith  the  cash  reported,  amounted  to  25  per 
cent.  Of  the  value  of  sliore  and  accessory  property 
$126,000  was  reported  for  shore  and  boat  fisheries  and 
$110,000  for  vessel  fisheries  and  transporting  vessels. 
The  amount  ci  caah  invested  in  the  dime  and  boat 
fishmes  was  $20,000  and  that  in  the  vessdl  fiaheriea 
$19,000.  The  shore  and  boat  fisheries  were  therefore 
credited  with  $553,000,  vessel  fisheries  with  $533,000, 
and  transporting  vessels  with  $14,000.  Tlie  invest- 
ment in  the  Lake  Michigan  fisheries  represented  85 
per  cent  of  the  total  for  the  state  and  comprised 
$427,000  invested  in  flboie  and  boat  fiaheriea,  $507,000 
in  vessel  fisheries,  and  $600  in  teanapotting  veaaela. 
Of  the  Lake  Superior  investment,  which  formed  lees 
than  8  per  cent  of  the  total  for  the  state,  $54,000  per- 
tained to  shore  and  boat  fisheries,  $21,000  to  vessel 
fisheries,  and  $8,500  to  transporting  vessels. 

Nearly  one-half  of  the  investment  in  the  Mississippi 
River  district  i^resented  the  vafaw  of  apparatna  of 
capture. 

The  following  tabular  statement  gives  statistics  con- 
cerning the  number  and  tcmnage  of  veeoela  and  the 

number  of  boats : 


V( 

Wrtilng- 

Steam  and  motor- 
Number  

Tonnage  

Other,  number  

Tnnsporting— 

Number  

Tonnage  

Boats,  number.  

Steam  and  motor  

Sail  

Row  

Otlier.  


TotaL 


8S 
1,061 
1 

3 
144 

1.200 
3(10 
76 
739 


Lake 
WeUgan 
diatrict. 


80 
971 
1 

1 

5 
611 
222 

59 
307 

» 


district. 


106 


381 
9 


2 

139 
100 
32 
17 
91 


W  THE  imil!m>  STATES,  1906. 


Statistics  as  to  the  number  of  the  more  important 
kiiiids  of  ap  jMuraim  of  capture  are  given  in  ihe  f  dlow- 


l>tstxi bated 


TotaL 


13.290 
5 

2.719 
30,291 
104 
1,200 
619 
384 
31 


Lake 

Michi- 

£^ 


13,290 
5 

2,172 
28,773 
7 
530 
267 
253 
7 


Missis-  Lake 
sippi  i  Supe- 


River 


547 
429 

97 
670 
267 
128 

24 


nor 
dia- 
trict. 


Vessel 
fish- 
erica. 


2.000 


 ,  536 


85 
3 


6 
240 


Shore 
and 
boat 
flab- 
erica. 


11,290 
5 

2,183 
U,S1 
IM 
1,200 
613 
144 
31 


All  the  vessels  and  all  but  a  small  number  of  the 
boats  were  power  craft.  Of  the  more  important  kinds 
of  apparatus  of  capture,  gill  nets  were  most  numerous, 
used  prindpallj  in  the  yessel  iGsheries. 
hf  9pMim. — Takkb  1,  on  page  274,  givw  sta- 
:  to  imducts,  by  apmam  and  by  apparatus 
of  capture.  Six  species — ^lake  trout,  hflfring,  bufiFalo 
fish,  whitefish,  yellow  perch,  and  German  carp — con- 
tributetl  84  per  cent  of  the  total  product  for  the  state, 
while  their  value  formed  87  per  cent  of  the  total  value. 

I,  hy  fishing  gnmnds, — ^Tables  2,  3,  and  4,  on 
275  Mid  37S,  pT»  tibe  pvodnets,  respectively,  of 
tke  Lake  IBchigan,  the  Mjiiwbiiipfii  Bhref ,  and  the  Lake 
Superior  districts.  The  latter  siq)|rfied  only  5  per  cent 
of  the  total  value  of  the  fishery  product  of  the  state. 
Of  the  seven  species  which  made  up  the  product  of  this 
district,  lake  herring  and  trout  contributed,  respectively, 
53  per  cent  and  40  per  cent  of  the  value  ni  the  total 


JVwfcicfi,  hf  doM  of  JU^eries.— Tables  5  aad  6,  on 
pages  276  and  277,  give,  by  species  and  by  apparatus 
of  capture,  statistics  as  to  the  products  of  the  vessel  and 
the  shore  and  boat  fisheries  of  the  state.  Similar  sta- 
tistics are  given  for  the  vessel  fisheries,  respectively, 
of  the  LalcB  lliAigan  and  the  Lake  Superior  districts, 
m  TMm  7  anl  9;  and  for  the  riiore  and  boat  &ib- 
mim  of  the  leqpeetive  districts,  in  Tables  $  and  10. 
Tim  fisheries  of  the  Mississ^fii  Bmr  diilikit  wmt  aU 
of  tha  ahum  and  boat  gUmb. 


TALOB  or  raooucTs:  1906. 


Total. 

Vessel 
fisheries. 

Shore  and 

boat 
fisheries. 

0,M7,M9 

t4K.M» 

340,000 
322.000 

SB,  000 

55.000 
52,000 
137,000 

200.000 
173,000 

140,000 
150,000 

26.000 

15.000 
800 

u,m 

30,000 

39.000 
52,000 
127,000 

Hie  value  of  the  catch  made  in  the  vessel  fisheries 
and  that  of  the  catch  made  in  the  shore  and  boat  fish- 
eries foimed  40  per  cent  and  60  per  cent,  respectivefy*, 
of  the  Tafaie  of  the  total  state  product.  In  thd  product 
of  the  vessel  fisheries  lake  trout  was  the  leading 
species  with  respect  to  value  and  lake  herring  ranked 
second,  while  in  the  catch  reported  for  the  shore  and 
boat  fisheries  the  order  of  these  species  was  reversed. 

Products,  by  apparatui  of  eajiure, — ^The  following 
tabular  atatemaBt  ehows  tiie  dii^biition  of  the  total 
value  of  products  according  to  apparatus  of  capture, 
for  the  state,  for  Mch  elasa  ot  fishenee,  and  for  the 
three  districts: 


TALUX  or  rBODUcis:  1906. 

TataL 

Distributed  by 
class  of  fisheries. 

Ulm 
mda- 

dMiiBt. 

Lake 
Supe- 
rior 
disMet. 

Vessel 

Shm 
and 
boat 
fish- 
eries. 

mt,m 

in,o»  Im»,ooo 

iiM2,ag» 

Pound  and  tnp  aati  

Seines  

Lines  

Fyl»  and  hoop  nets  

533,000  1 
208,000 
143,000 
92,000 
54,000 
7,200 
31,000 

494,000 
142,000 
4,200 
85,000 
49,000 
3,500 
17,000 

7,700 
42,000 
138,000 
4,800 
4,500 
3,700 
14,000 

32,000 
24,000 
600 
2,400 

349,000 
6,000 
1,300 
57,000 
6,800 

184,  on 

202,000 
141,000 
35,000 
47,000 
7,200 
28,000 

4,700 

LdketrouL—Hm  species,  which  contributed  32  per 
cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  fishery  products  of  the 

state,  was  taken  wholly  in  the  lakes,  93  per  cent  of  the 
quantity  reported  coming  from  Lake  Michigan.  Sta- 
tistics concerning  the  catch  as  reported  for  the  state  in 
previous  years  are  as  follows: 


ntm. 

taXX^BOCT  PKODUCI. 

VihM. 

1908  

4,710,000 
5,561.000 
3,514,000 
0,000,000 

$340,000 
262,000 
155,000 
170,000 

laoo.  

.  Lake  herring. — The  value  of  the  lake-herring  prod- 
uct in  1908  was  nearly  40  per  cent  greater  than  that 
of  the  largest  catch  previously  reported — the  catch  of 
189^— thou^  the  weight  of  the  latter  was  greater  by 
343,000  pounds.  The  filming  tabular  statement 
shows  the  quantity  end  TahM  uf  the  eatdi  m  lepqrttd 
at  tiie  Taiiotts  eaorassea: 


tauu 

VakMk 

1908  

12,U4,000 

u,aMi,ooo 

13,407,000 
l,1il»«IO 

0322,000 
232,000 
236,000 
08.000 

FISHERIES, 

Buffalo  JisJi.— The  buffalo-fish  product,  all  of  which 
was  from  the  Mississippi  River  district,  ranked  third 
in  value  among  the  fishery  products  of  tlie  state.  Over 
SO  per  cent  of  the  catch  was  taken  with  seines,  while 
pound  and  trap  nets  took  most  of  the  remainder.  The 
statistics  concerning  the  catch  for  certain  years  for 
which  figures  are  available  are  as  follows: 


•nuM. 

BOTTALO-nSH 
PBODUCT. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Valne. 

3.178.000  I  5103.000 
211,000  4,700 

Wldtejish. — These  fish,  wliich  were  taken  wliolly 
from  the  lake  waters,  ranked  fourth  among  the  fishery 
products  of  the  state  in  value,  conlxibuting  10  per  cent 
of  the  value  of  tiie  total  product  and  10  per  cent  of  tiie 
total  weight.  Besides  the  coinmon  wliitefish,  which 
was  sold  fresh,  smoked,  and  salted,  three  other  species 
were  handled,  namely,  the  blucfin,  the  longjaw,  and  the 
Menominee,  tlio  last  two  being  sold  in  both  a  fresh  and 
a  prepareil  comlition.  AVhitelish  ranked  third  in 
value  among  the  products  of  Lake  Superior  and  fourth 
among  those  of  Lake  Michigan.  Over  20  per  cent  of 
the  total  value  reported  for  the  species  represented 
product  taken  in  the  former  district.  The  wliitefish 
yield  was  much  less  in  1908  than  in  ISOO,  but  consider- 
ably more  than  in  the  3'ears  subse([uent  to  1890,  as 
shown  by  the  following  tabular  statement: 


WHITEnSH 

(pomto). 

PBODUCT. 

Vabie. 

1,274,000 
1,047.000 
633,000 

$56,000 
36,000 
20,000 
04,000 

7e786»— U  


BY  STATES.  278 

YeUovo  perch. — The  yellow  perch  reported  had  a 
value  nearly  equal  to  that  of  whitetish  and  represented 
5  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products  for  the  stale. 
In  Lake  iSklichigau,  wiiere  over  99  per  cent  of  the  catch 
was  taken,  this  fish  composed  12  pw  cent  of  the  total 
product.  Statistics  for  the  «itire  state  Mre  not  avail- 
able for  a  series  of  years,  but  as  practically  the  Mitire 
catch  of  this  species  was  taken  in  Lake  Michigan,  com- 
parative figures  for  this  lake  are  given  in  the  following 
ta1)ul:rr  stateiuent : 


'  YELLo-w-rKr.cn  prod- 

VCT  OF1.AKK  JUCai> 


TEAK. 

Qtianflty 

(poiiri  s  .. 

Valae. 

•J.  '►..->. (>)<i 

44.000 

l.!K»S,000 

ttim 

1,008.000 

21,000 

German  carp. — This  spedes  ranked  luxth  among  the 
leading  species,  contributing  5  per  cent  of  the  total 
value.  Of  the  total  catch  of  this  fish,  8.')  per  cent  was 
taken  in  tlie  I\Iississippi  Kiver  district  and  the  remain- 
der in  Lake  Michigan.  The  carp  proiluct  has  increased 
almost  as  much  as  has  that  of  buffalo  iish,  and  the  two 
combined  not  only  account  tot  the  gain  in  the  Mlssia- 
sippi  River  product  since  1890,  but  counterbalance  the 
decrease  in  the  catch  of  certain  other  spedea,  notably 
wall-eyed  pike  and  sturgeon.  The  comparative  sum- 
mary given  below  is  for  the  Mississippi  River  district, 
since  statistics  for  that  district  only  are  available  for 
the  different  years  shown. 


OEBM  AH-CABP  FBOD. 

vet  or  miwuwim 
snmnnnucT. 

Quantity 
(pounda). 

Value. 

1,914,000 
170,000 
O.00O 

$46,000 
2,700 

274 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 

Tasu  1.— WI80Q1ISI1I-91SBB&T  FBODUCTB:  IMS. 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

Tabu  2.~-WISOON8IN— FISHERY  PRODUCTS  OF  LAKE  MICHIGAN  DISTRICT:  1908. 


275 


TMid. 


Black  basB  

Carp,  German,  fresh  

Carp,  German,  smoked. .. 
Catfish  and  buUheada..... 


Qoantity 
(pooads). 


Value. 


a,m,60D 


Herring,  lake,  fresh 
Herring,  lake,  salted 
Herring,  lake,  i 
Ling,  or  lawyer. 
Muskallunge 


Perch,  yellow  

Pike  and  pickereL . 
Pike  i^rm(watt<yed  pike) 


Bturgeon,  lake,  smoked. . . 

Suckers,  fresh  

SoekeiB.  salted  

TnNit,  nesh  

Tnot,  salted  


Whiteflsh,  fresh  

Whiteflsh,  salted  

Whiteflsh,  bluenn  

Whiteflsh,  liwti»w  

Whiteflsh,  MtBominee, 

ftesb.....  

WtalteOdi,  M •aomitiee , 


ABolte. 


4,600 

328,000 
4,500 
77,000 

98,aao 

6,011,000 
327,000 
3,921,000 
42,000 
1,900 

2,551,000 
234,000 
4,000 

liflte 

2,500 
987,000 
64,000 
4,302,000 
26,000 

113,000 
3,900 

707,000 
S»«M 

90,000 

60,000 
S,MO 

348,000 
13.000 
«S0O 


600 
5,700 

700 
3,400 

ISO 

236,000 

5,200 

67,000 
500 
200 

54,000 
18,000 
900 

200 
2,000 

500 
20,000 
800 
316,000 
900 

11,000 
200 

29,000 
fiOO 

2,300 

1,100 
100 

14,000 
2,400 
200 


Oinnets. 

Pound  and  trap 
nets. 

Unas. 

Fykejmd  hoop 

All  other  appa- 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

1 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Qoaatity 
(poundB). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

1 

Value. 
• 

Quantity 
(pounds) 

1 

Value. 

i 

1494,000 

5,967,000 

6142,000 

1,000,000 

685,000 

2,326,000 

$49,000 



208,000 

64.200 

400 

1,000 
500 

4,500 
800 

6,000 

100 

700 
100 
700 

3,000 
96,000 

400 
1,700 

\  / 

84,000 

V  ) 

900 

8,000 

100 

140,000 

2,808 

100 

aoo 

5,gM,000 
10,000 

291.000 
8,700 
200 

800,000 
56,000 
4,000 
100 

219,000 

200 

9,900 
100 
(») 

22,000 
4,000 
300 
(•) 

6,000 

100 

87,000 
U,«00 

46,000 

3,000 
100 

600 

2.000 
9,600 

100 

(») 

1,600 
200 

188 

« 

873,000 
317,000 

3,630,000 
6,»i00 

10,000 
5,000 

57,000 
(«) 

800 
20O 

23,000 
26,000 

1,600 
2, 100 

26,000 
1,100 

1,481,000 
104,000 

300 
100 

26,000 
8,800 

500 

16,000 
21,000 

(') 

300 
1,600 

229,000 
22,000 

4,000 
1,600 

100 
6, 008 

1,700 
5,000 

100 
700 

3,000 

100 

7,000 
2,500 

1,200 
500 

279,000 
3,400 
2,895,000 
12,000 

29,000 
200 
643,000 
8,000 

68,000 

30,000 

7.800 
(') 
197,000 
500 

3,000 
(») 
28,000 
600 

1,600 

500 

131,666 

53,000 
47(i,000 
14,000 

85,000 
3,700 
64,000 

2,900 
700 
42,000 
400 

7,900 
200 
1,300 

474,000 
5,800 
2,100 

7,200 
100 
100 

72,000 
2,300 

1,400 
(•) 

30,000 

TOO 

929,000 

78,000 

100 

•m 

20,000 

30,000 
300 

600 

500 
(*) 

2,100 

100 

3,200 

(») 

600 

(*) 

348,000 
U.000 
4888 

14.000 
2,400 

'^^S.'"]^^  follows:  Crawfish  pots,  348.000  pounds,  valued  at  $14,000;  trammel  nets,  166,000  pounds,  valued  at  $3,500:  dip  nets.  11.000  Dounds. 
hoolo,  2,200  pounds,  valued  at  $300;  mink  and  muskrat  trapsj  500  pounds,  vahied  at  $200;  and  minor  apparatus,  11^(10  pomods,  yamaiui^Si, 


Tabub  S^WISOONSIN— fishery  PRODUCTS  OF  MISSISSIPPI  RIVER  DISTRICT:'  1908. 


>  AUtalKBta 


and  boat  fisheries. 


Seines. 

Pound  and  trap 

nets. 

1  Gillnete. 

Fyke^wd  boop 

All  other  araNk 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(poonds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

VMI.  

r,8a8»80o 

im,ooo 

4,773,000 

$138,000 

1,509,000 

$42,000 

192,000 

67,700 

02,000 

$4,800 

123,000 

$4,500 

1,268.000 

617,000 

8,100 
3,178,000 
1,914,000 
200,000 

10,000 
47,000 
1,070,000 
1,600 

12,000 
83,000 
4,700 
800 

6,300 
82,000 
900 
72,000 
73,000 

1,200 
44,000 
1,150,000 

noo 

•888 

700 
103,000 
46,000 
16,000 

400 
400 

19,000 
100 

400 
4,400 

400 
(») 

500 
4,400 

600 
1,500 
1,700 

200 
1,000 
12,000 
400 

m 

7,900 

2,653,000 
1,611,000 
99,000 

10,000 
43,000 
107,000 

700 

81,000 
38,000 
ti,700 

400 
400 
1,700 

200 
9,700 
22,000 
2,800 

% 

888 

Buffalo  fish  

Carp,  (ierraan  

Catfish  and  bullheads  

374,000 
123,000 
40,000 

17,000 
3,400 
3,800 

110,000 
64,000 
2,700 

4,800 
1,700 
300 

3,500 
33,000 
36,000 

100 
700 
3,300 

28,000 
61,000 
19,000 

800 
1,400 
1,900 

1,800 
935,000 

(') 
17,000 

2,000 

« 

15,000 
1,500 

300 
100 

2,000 
3,000 
100 

7,500 

200 

12,000 
64,000 
3,800 
800 

700 
40,000 

35,000 

400 
3,300 

300 
(') 

100 
2,200 

600 

100 
15,000 

(•) 
800 

Pike  and  pickerel  

Pike  perch  (wall-eyed  pike)... . 

300 

(») 

600 

3,000 

808 

800 
300 

2,600 
4,200 

100 
11,000 

500 

300 
200 

(') 
200 

(») 

1,100 
12,000 

100 
800 

1,900 
1,200 
100 

100 
100 

(') 

500 
400 

(») 
(») 

24,000 
800 
26,000 

1.188 
608 
788 

Frogs  

73,000 

1,700 

1,200 
22,000 
1,150,000 
MOO 
*500 

200 
500 
12,000 

Turtles  

Mussel  shells,  peaili,  and  atai)ik... . 

^toa,  glPJt- ••  

15,000 

400 

2,200 

(•) 

5,200 

100 

» Includes  appan^  wife  catch,  as  toOnm  Orowfoot  dndgaa,  1,180,000  pounds,  valued  at  MUjm 
traps  500 pounds,  vataMdailMe  fVtmt nl linii, ll/m iiwiidi; wSSdat $700:  and  minatmSSSt 
•Less  than  8100.  UOOskiaa. 


•Ma8i 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 

Tabu  4.-WIS0ON8IN-9inaE&T  ISOSiDCSB  OF  LASS  SUPEBIOB  mmuXXi  IMt. 


Quantity 
(poOMls). 

Value. 

i,ar,eao 

358,000 

135,000 
830,000 
7»,«» 
9,400 

1,100 
13,000 
6,200 
800 

30,000 
69,000 
373,000 
9,200 

500  . 
1,000 
23,0t)0 
400 

188,000 

6, 100 
3,300 
111,000 
1,900 
2,100 

10,000 
200 
100 

1,700 
100 
100 

VM.  

■ecitag,  UkB,  fresh  

■eniae.  lake,  salted  

Sorkers,  fresh  

teeto|^^>d  

Whitefish,  fn?^h  

Whitefish,  sailed  

WUtefish.  lilueiin . . 


CWaalu 

Quantity 
(pounds;. 

Vabte. 

Quantity 
(pooads). 

Value. 

i,uB,om 

tn,ooo 

612,000 

SM,OQO 

B,000  33,000 

114,000 
002,000 
1,000 
(») 

900 
9,600 
100 

« 

21,000- 

224,000 
7S,  0*  K) 
9,400 

30,000 
30^000 
81,000 

200 

104,000 
5,400 

300 

3,300 

0,200 
800 

500 

800 
5,000 

6,400 
200 

4,400 

100 

8,  iibi) 

252, 000 
9,000 

57,000 

600 
3,300 
104,000 
1,900 

300 

 i'66" 

15,(X)0 
300 

3,500 

100 

i,m 

100 

(») 

aoo 

40^000 

8,000 
300 

500 

(') 

7,500 

100 

1>800  1 

100 

I  Tnrluilt's  ^^ines.  with  a  oatch  of  13jOOO pounds.  TBlmd  at  3800:  aad  "~-  — 1*»>  -  mi  mm  

=  Less  than  loo  poUBda  --,~-jr— — ,  —»«> witaswm «■  ^iWyMM^  VMHMatp^ 

1  Leis  than  SlOO. 

Tjuum  ff.— WISOONSIN— PBODUOTS  OF  TE88EL  FISHERIES:  1908. 


Carp,  G«rm&n  

CaXiish  and  bullheads . . 

Heninf;,  lake,  frpsh  

Hemoc  lake,  salted ... . 


Lta(«rlaw7er. 


nn,XeUow  •.  


Ttant.  besh  .  

Itoot.  salted  


Quaatity 
(poanda). 


61,000 
3,200 
^129,000 
414^000 

10^000 
731,000 

51,000 
2,400 
91,000 

1^731,000 
4,500 
24,000 
388,000 
50,000 
4,800 

109,000 


Value. 


3425,000 


800 
100 
101,000 
6,900 
3k  Mt 

100 

15,000 
3,000 
200 
1,700 

200,000 
200 
2,400 
22,000 
1,100 
100 

4,700 


PBODUCT  CAUGHT  BT- 


Oatoets. 


Quantity 
(ponada). 


7,561,000 


8,000 

100 

4,094,000 
414,000 
HtH 

3^li» 

400,000 

34,000 
800 
20,000 

2,018,000 
4,500 
12,000 
388,000 
50,000 
300 


Value. 


3349,000 


100 

(») 

100,000 
6,900 
4)339 

100 
11,000 
2,300 
(») 
500 

139,000 
200 

1,200 
22,000 

1,100 

(») 


VykeaaikovpaBtL 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


341,000 


8,000 

t,too 

300 


4,900 
257,000 
U^OOO 


3I,M 


Value. 


36,800 


200 
100 


4,500 
1,330 


733 


MO 


fwiM  aaa  ay  anta. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


33^030 


1,080 

Km 


1,600 

200 

43,000 


12,000 


Value. 


fS^OOB 


500 


380 


100 

(•) 

3,800 


1,200 


Quantity 
(pooads). 


862,000 


44,000 
200 


100 
14,000 
1,400 


20,000 
671,000 


1,900 
100,000 


VataM. 


363,000 


403 


(•) 


300 
103 


300 


4,m 


31.300. 
*  Im 


tkanSlOOi 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

Tabu  6.— WISOaNSIH— PRODUCTS  OF  SHORE  AND  BOAT  FIBBBRIES:  1908. 


277 


Total  22,090,000 


TOTAL. 


QOMtitV 

(pomds/. 


Fteh: 

Black  bass  

Buffalo  nsh  

Carp,  German,  fresh  

Carp,  German,  smoked . 
Catfish  and  bullheads. . 


Crappie  

DOgnsh,  or  bowiSa.... 
Drum,  or  sheepalMad. 

EebT;  rTT:. 


Herring,  lake,  fresh . . . 
Herring,  lake,  salted . . . 
Herring,  lake,  smoked . 
,«r  lawyer.  


Bmh,  yellow  

Pike  and  pickerel  

Pike  perch  (waU-^red  pike) 
Rock  bass  


Btmsecm,  lake,  toedi.. 
Sturgeon,  lake,  smoke 
Sturi^eon,  thoveinoae. 

Caviar  

Suckers,  fresh  

Suckers,  salted  


Sunfish  

Trout,  fresh . . 
Trout,  salted. 
AVhite  bass... 


Whiteflsh,  fresh  

Whiteflsh,  salted  

Whiteflsh,  bluefin  

Whiteflsh,  longjaw,  fr^. . . 
Whiteflsh,  lonRjaw,  smoked . 
Whiteflsh,  Menominee,  fresh 
Whitefish,  Menominee, 
salted  


3642,000 


Crawflrii.  

Frogs  

Turtles  

Mussel  shells,  pearls,  and 

Skins,  mink  

Skins,  muskrat  


12,000 

3, 178,  oat 

2, 182,000 
4,500 
273,000 

10,000 
48,000 
1,093,000 

1,600 

2,917,000 
743,000 
3,802,000 
32,000 
1,300 

1,831,00(^) 
2()7,000 
86,000 
5,500 

28,000 
2,500 
82,000 
900 
99K,  (K)n 
123,000 

75,000 
1,943,000 
31,000 
300 

257,000 
10,000 

322,000 
09,000 

i,m) 

90,000 

01,000 

239,000 
14,000 
44,000 
1,150,000 
*  100 
»  1,000 


Yatan. 


raoDOCT  cAvmt  bt— 


Found  and  trap 
nets. 


Qnantaty 

(pounds). 


ValQB. 


QnaatitT 

(pounds). 


1,200 
103,000 
51,000 
700 
19,000 

400 
400 
20,000 
100 

77,000 
11,000 
02,000 
400 
100 

39,000 
19,000 
0,700 
200 

3,300 
600 
4,400 

000 
20,(10*) 
1,900 

1,700 
139,000 
1,100 
(') 

19,000 
500 
0,000 
1,000 
100 
2,300 

1,100 

9,200 
2,000 
1,000 
12,000 
400 
600 


7,990,000 


400 

374,000 
123,000 


45,000 


1,800 
935,000 


800,000 
540,000 
3,025,000 
6,600 


229,000 
37,000 
77,000 
1,700 

17,000 


4,200 
100 
172,000 
103,000 

500 

514,000 
14,000 
300 

176,000 
9, 100 
64,000 
7,500 


20,000 
30,000 


2,200 


000  4,920,000 


17,000 
3,400 


3,900 


17,000 


Gffl 


Value. 


3184,000 


110,000 

04,000 


2,700 


2,000 


10,000 
8,300 

57,000 
(«) 


4,300 
2,400 
0, 100 
100 

1,800 


200 
(«) 

3,(i00 
1,500 

(») 
43,000 
400 

(') 

13,000 
400 
1,300 
100 


000 
500 


2,011,000 
19.S,000 
237,000 
3,700 


340,000 

22,000 
4,200 
100 

1,100 


i2,m 


4,800 

1,700 


300 


(») 


60,000 
3,000 
5,000 
(•) 


11,000 

1,000 
300 
(') 

100 


Quaatity 

(pouads). 


^013,000 


7,300 

2,653,080 
1,650,000 


1141,000  ^138,000 


101,000 

10,000 
43,000 
115,000 


800 


259, (HKI 
12, 000 


1,129,000 
17,000 


73,000 
700 
258,000 
02,000 
1,900 
68,000 

30,000 


200 


73,000 
700 


5,3(XJ 

5,300 
900 
100 

1,600 

500 


4,400 


200 

14,000 

84,000 
3,S00 
WK) 

700 


Value. 


700 
81,000 
30,000 


Fjkm  aad  boi9 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


Value. 


147,000 


6,800 

400 

400 
1,700 


40,000 


87,000 
2,900 

73,000 


8,000 
200 


500 


15,000 


100 


(») 

400 
4,700 

300 
(') 

100 


2,200 


l,.'i00 
IfJO 

1,700 


500 
(') 


400 


2,800 
28,000 
14^000 


84,000 


3,300 
13,000 
100 

46,000 


21,000 
900 

1,224,000 
92,000 


Quaatitf 

(pounds). 


ValoB. 


300 
800 
2,000 


4,800 


200 
(') 

600 


300 
100 

22.000 
7,  S(K) 


3,000 


100 


500 


424,000 
5,800 

1,800 
2,100 


100 


a;  100 


5,200 


6,500 
100 

(») 
100 


(«) 


1,000 
3,500 

34,000 
4,500 

36,000 


20,000 
1,500 


700 
200 

23,000 

2(i,ono 

tiOO 


All  other  appa- 
ratus.' 


Quantity 
(pounds) 


i,«37,ooa 


100 
100 
800 
7D0 
8,300 


1,000 
100 


(') 
(') 

1,000 
2.100 


S,900 
2,  .500 
1,200 
100 


298,000 


100 


100 


1,300 
500 
100 

(*) 


23,000 


200 
9,700 
162,000 


4,400 


7,800 


100 
5,700 
300 


24,000 
800 
57,000 


238,000 
14,000 
22,000 
...  11,150,000 
MOO 
•l«O0O 


'  Includes  apparatus,  with  cafch  as  follows:  Crowfoot  dredges, 
261,000  pounds,  valuai  at  $7,200;  mink  and  muskrat  traps,  1.000 
at  3600^uid  minor  apparatus,  31,000  pounds,  valued  at  32,300. 


Tained  at  30,200;  trammel  netL 
nets,  11,000  pounds,  yttaA 


FISHERIES  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 

7.— WISCXHISni— PBOOUCTS  OF  VE88EL  FI8HSBIE8  OF  LAKE  MICHIGAN  DKTIUGT: 


FBODUCT  CAUQHT  BT— 

CHiMli. 

<iiMBtttr 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
[(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Vahie. 

Quantity 
(pounds).; 

Vahie. 

QuantltT 
(pounds). 

vttm. 

Total  

8.282,000 

S414.000 

6,964,000 

1338,000 

670,000  j$57.000 

341.000 

36,800 

96,000 

35,800 

109.000 

$4,700 

82.000 

n.m 

Vbb: 

Carp,  Gennan  

61.000 

3,200 
4.042.000 

53.000 
10,000 

731.000 
51.000 
91,000 
2,682,000 

800 

100 
160,000 
5.100 
100 

15,000 
3,600 
1,700 
197,000 

2.300 
22,000 
500 
100 

4,700 

8,000 
100 

4,007,000 
54.000 
5,000 

460,000 
34,000 
20.000 
1,970,000 

9,600 
388,000 
8,000 
500 

100 

(') 
100,000 
4,900 
100 

11.000 

2,300 
500 
136,000 

1.000 
22,000 
600 
(') 

8.600 
2,800 
200 

"  "4,'966 

257,000 
15.000 
51,000 

200 
100 
(•) 

•  •  •(ly  • 

4,500 
1,200 
700 

44,000 
200 

14,000 
1,400 
20,000 

O 

300 

8 

Catfish  and  bullheads  

HerriiD!,  lake,  fresh  

Herring,  lake,  smoked  

Perch,  ydlow  

 ioo' 

-■({)■■ 

35,000 
5,500 

600 
300 

PIkeaadvletaRl  

200 
42,000 

12,000 

(>) 

3,800 
1,200 

Traot.  

670,000 

57,000 

WhiteOsh  

22,000 
388,000 
8.000 

4,800 

100,000 

1,700 

100 

800 

0) 

100,000 

4,700 

1,900 

B^-mK(mmK--rmmKm  of  swhkb  and  boat  fi 


OF  LAKE  mOBiaAN  DSEmiOT:  IMS. 


FISHERIES,  BY  STATES. 

Tasu  9.— WIS00N8IN— PB(»>I»3T8  OF  VESSEL  FISHEBIEB  OF  LAKE  SUPERIOR  DlBTRtCT:  MS. 


279 


• 

OB  MIL 

Qtiantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantttjr 
(poands). 

Value. 

Vakw. 

601,000 

fll,080 

snr,ooo 

tll.OOO 

4,m 

87,000 
414,000 
3,400 

«,000 
4,500 
2,500 

42,000 

500 
6,900 

200 
3,000 

200 

aoo 

000 

87,000 
414,000 
800 
47.000 
4,500 
2,500 
43,000 

500 
ti.900 

2,900 
200 
300 
000 

1,000 
1,600 
1,500 

(') 

100 
100 

Tutu.. 


I,  fresh . . 
salted . 


Plkeperefa  (wJi  lywi  pa») . 

Tiuul,  fresh  

Trout,  salted  

Whiteflsh  

Whiteflsh,  longjaw  


-***'"-^  *•  tttT"  inrlTlTiTir  -frMianatfilirfljnilijniwlli.iilMilalllW  •! 

takm  i9.—mBCosmH—nxsmcm  of  shore  and  boat  fisheues  of  lake  superior  DIBTBICT:  uob. 


Total  

Herring,  lake,  fresh  

Herring,  lake,  salt^i  

Pike  perch  ( wall-ey«d  pflM) 

Sturgeon,  lake  

fluckcfB)  fresh....  

Suekers,  salted  

Trout,  fresh  

Trout,  salted  

Whiteflsh,  fresh  

Whiteflsh,  salted  

Whiteflsh,  bhMfin. . 
Whiteflsh,  kffigiftw, 
Whiteflsh,  i^nr, 

AUother..V7r!T....  

*  Leas  than  tUxL 


TOTAL. 


Quantitjr 

(pooBi^ 


1,216,000 


48,000 

415,000 

77,000 
9.400 
30.000 
59,000 

324,000 

4,700 
100,000 
6, 100 

3,300 
60,000 
1,900 
3,100 


VahM. 


347,000 

"to 

6,200 
6, 100 
800 
500 
1,000 

20,000 

200 
10.000 
200 

100 
1,000 
100 

u» 


nuwoct  can 


INwBd  Mid  Inpnets. 

Offlnete. 

Al  flOief  ^>pantBi.t 

Quaotttr 
(pMMli}. 

Value. 

QuantltT 
fjfmmm' 

VdM. 

609,000 

323,000 

555,000 

320,000 

82,000 

32,900 

21,000 

223,000 
77,000 
9,400 
30,000 
50,000 

80,000 
200 
104,000 
5,400 

300 

3,200 
6,100 
800 
500 
800 

5,000 

(') 
6,400 
200 

27.000 
188,000 
200 

(•) 

300 
2,900 
(») 
(») 

4,400 

8,300 

204,000 
4.400 
54,000 
500 

3,300 
62,000 
1,900 
300 

200 

12,000 
300 
3,300 

(») 

100 
900 
100 

(.) 

600 
39,000 

(•) 
2,400 

i'tii 

300 

n 

7,300 

100 

1,800 

100 

m 


OHAPTEKTni. 

CANNING  AND  PRESERVING. 


Comparison  with  earlier  canvasses. — The  earliest 
year  for  which  separate  statistics  of  the  intlustries  of 
canning  and  preserving  lish  and  oysters  are  available 
is  1870.  At  the  census  for  that  year  there  were 
rapwted  under  the  heads  "Fish,  cured  and  packed" 
wmA  "OfBten,  cumed,"  92  wiUWMimMPto  wfaidi  em- 
fhiftKl  in  an  2,441  pcnoas  and  luid  a  oombiiied  ei^tal 
off  $9W,000  and  products  valued  at  $3,064,000.  No 
figures  are  obtainable  for  1880,  as  the  reports  for  the 
canning  and  preserving  of  fish  and  oysters  in  that  year 
mere  included  with  the  reports  of  other  industries. 
Tlie  following  table  presets  a  comparative  summary 
«f  1k»  ttatiitica  cf  wtaWiiiiiiMiits  engaged  in  caoning 
and  pnaerving  fish  and  qyvtam  in  the  United  States, 
axdasive  oi  Alaska,  as  returned  at  the  censuses  of 
VI  18»0, 1900,aiid  1905,  and  the 


of  iisheries  in  1908.   The  figures  obtained  at  the  cen> 

suses  of  manufactures  represent  indusMes  classified 
under  the  head  of  "Canning  and  presenring,  fishy" 
and  "Canning  and  preserving,  oysters." 

Fishery  products  are  preserved  to  some  extent  in 
estabhdbmaits  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture 

other  pvoduets.  It  is  also  true  tidat,  in  the  ceBsuses 
of  manufactures,  products  other  than  those  of  the 
fisheries  are  included  with  industries  classified  as 
"Canning  and  preserving,  fish"  and  Caiming  and  pre- 
serving, oysters."  In  the  census  of  fisheries  for  1908, 
reports  were  secured  covering  only  that  part  of  the 
operatioius  <^  those  establishineiits  which  pertained 
to  the  fisheries.  For  these  reasons  the  figures  for 
1908  are  not  atiieftly  cosaparabie  with  those  for  prior 


■ns  employed*. 
Silarieaem 


1  emploTC 
Waee-<arners 


Men  10  j  Kirs  and  over  

Women  16  years  aod  over. 


Salaries. 

Wa{K«  

Men  16  years  and  orer  

Women  Itl  years  and  OTer. 
Cliiklren  under  16  2 
•f  products .... . 

He. 


690 

J24,124.000 
10,305 
1,054 
15,251 
8,918 
5,184 
1,149 
15,399,000 
$1,152,000 
$4,247,000 
S3. 175, 000 
9946,000 
S126.000 
128,401,000 
124,885,000 
S3, 517, 000 


19W 


379 

$12, 177,000 
9,241 
796 
8,445 
4,402 
2,972 
1.071 
$3,542,000 
$702,000 
$2,840,000 
$2,079,000 
$634,000 
$127,000 
$22,628,000 
$21,538,000 
$1,090,000 


333 

$16,693,000 
13,185 
587 
12,598 
8,228 
3,037 
1.333 
$3,807,000 
$502,000 
$3,215,000 
$2,641,000 
$431,000 
$143,000 
$19,431,(X)0 
$17,262,000 
$2,160,000 


126 

$4,294,000 
8,716 
243 
8,473 
5,269 
2,543 
661 

$1,961,000 
$190,000 
$1,771,000 

$1,290,000 
$437,000 
$43,000 
$10,233,000 


CSW  OV  ORREASE. 


1905  to 
1908 


82 
98 
76 
32 
81 

103 
75 
7 
52 
64 
SO 
S3 
49 
1 
26 
16 

US 


1900  to 
1906 


14 
»27 
«30 

36 
«34 
«46 

»2 
«20 

»6 

20 
»12 
»21 

47 
«12 

16 

26 
*» 


1890  to 
IMS 


164 
280 
» 

« 

M 

19 
102 

9« 
207 

83 
105 

n 

231 


1  ExchBiT*  af 
*  Oecreaae. 
*]M 
*1Ut 


In  the  number  of  establishments  and  in  the  value 
ai  products  there  were  increases  during  each  period. 
1905  to  1908  the  former  increased  82  per  cent 
the  laUer  20  per  etui.  The  ^iparent  decreases 
1900  to  1905  in  the  numba>  of  wage-eamers  and 
in  wag<es  may  be  attributed  to  a  difference  in  the 
methods  used  at  the  two  censuses  for  reporting  con- 
duct labor,  which  is  extensively  employed,  especially 
in  the  salmon  canneries.  In  1900  contract  employees 
rqwrted  as  wage-eamers,  while  in  1905  and  in 
iber  was  not  reported,  the  wage  item 
the  head  of  "IfisesBaiieoas  eac-> 
i"  in  1905  and  under  the  head  of  "Cost  of  ma- 
terial" in  1908.  From  1905  to  1908  the  number  of 
wi^e-eamers  increased  81  per  cent,  but  in  the  amount 

(2W) 


of  wages  paid  the  increase  was  ovAy  50  per  cent.  In 
capital  invested  there  was  a  decrease  of  $4,516,000 
from  1900  to  1905,  wluch  resulted  principally  from  a 
loss  of  96,312,000  in  Maine,  apparently  due  to  a  re- 
oiganixatiofi  of  some  of  Ihe  Uuger  establishments,  and 
a  loss  of  $1,012,000  in  Oregon.  From  1905  to  1908  the 
amount  of  capital  increased  98  per  cent.  The  invest- 
ment of  1908  represents  an  outlay  of  $3,417,000  for 
land,  $10,288,000  for  buildings,  and  cash  amounting 
to  $10,420,000. 

StalitHcs,  hy  geographic  dkfinona, — The  taUe  fol- 
hywii^  AcfWB,  for  the  principal  items  <^  the  statktios, 
the  distribution  by  geographic  divisioas.  These  divi* 
sions  correspond  with  those  which  i^ypear  hi  the  pn^ 
ceding  cbapten  <m  fisheiy  piodtt^ 


CANNING  AND  PRESERVING. 


281 


Number  of  establishments  '  

Capital  

Land  

Buildings  

Cash  

Persons  employed  

Proprietors  and  Arm  nMrnbtn. 

Salaried  employees  

Wage-earners  

Men  16  years  and  over  

Women  lA  jma  and  over. . 

Childrea  imdor  16  yean  

Salaries  and  wafM........  

Salaries......  , 

Wages  

Men  16  years  and  ovor  

Women  16  years  and  over. . 
Children  under  16  jmu. . . , 
Products: 

'(pouods)  


United 


690 

$24, 124,000 
$3,417,000 
$10,288,000 
$10,420,000 

17,202 
897 
1,054 
15,251 
8,918 
5,184 
1. 149 
$.').. 199.  (lOO 

$1,  I'i-'.IKX) 

S4.-M7.U)0 
S^i.  173.  0(KI 
$946,000 
$126,000 

468, 947,000 
$28,«>1,000 


AtfcHitle 
eoast 

dtvfsioo. 


Onlfof 
Uexioo 

alTUMIfL. 


Pacific  coast  I 
dlvWoa. 


Great  Lakes 


464 

$11,937,000 
$1,462,000 
$4,878,000 
$5,598,000 
11,683 
646 
618 
10.419 
6.084 
3,632 
703 

$.3. 320.  OCX) 
$>i-4J.(KKJ 
S2.tl78.  (XW 
$1.9l«.IH>0 
$701,000 
$74,000 

3»,«58,000 
S18,7a,000 


36 

$2,465,000 
$242,000 
$1,331,000 
$893,000 
3,  i03 
72 
147 
2,886 
1.103 
1,370 
413 
$6-20,000 
$130,000 
$490,000 
$2o7, 000 
$185,000 
$47,000 

26,461,000 
18,404,000 


99 

$S.71.'?.I»(1 
$1,440,000 
$3,791,000 
$3,483,000 
2,103 
90 
244 
1.709 
1,5.34 
182 

$333,000 

$983,000 
$«l'.».(«iij 
$59.U0U 
$4,900 

73,257,000 
$6,410,000 


83 

$1.00:!.00"l 
«J71.000 
$287,000 
$445,000 
296 
77 
45 
174 
174 


divWoB. 


$142,000 

$47,000 
$94,000 

$94,000 


9,S8S,000 

sras^ooo 


s 

r:..2<;o 

$2,200 

n,2oo 
is 

IS 

 'i 

s 


$1,700 


$1,700 
$1,700 


$19. 010 


'  Kxdusive  of  the  canneries  and  saiteries  of  Alaska,  for  the  statistics  of  which  ste  Uepori  of  the  Bur '  a  i  of  Fisheries,  I  )tK'.  No.  045. 


111- 


The  Atlantic  coast  division  ranked  first  in  the 
dustry,  re])oiting  iieaily  half  of  the  capital  and  ap- 
proximately two-thirds  of  the  number  of  establish- 
ments and  of  the  yahie  of  products.  The  Padfic 
coast  division  was  second  in  the  number  of  establish- 
ments, capital,  and  value  of  products,  and  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  division  was  second  in  the  number  of  persons 
employed.  The  schedule  used  in  the  canvass  of  the 
packin<;  and  canning  establishments  called  for  the 
quantity  of  fresh  fish  received  at  the  plants,  to  be  re- 
ported in  pounds.  Hie  data  furnished  as  a  result  of 
this  inquiry  were,  howeyor,  so  inecmiplete  and  unsat- 
isfactory that  no  use  could  be  made  of  them. 

Products,  hy  lirul. — The  next  tabular  statement 
gives  the  quantity  and  value  of  the  principal  kinds  of 
products  prepared,  arranged  in  order  of  value,  together 
with  the  proportion  which  each  contributed  to  the 
value  of  aU  products. 

Salmon,  sardines,  cod,  and  oysters  contributed 


slightly  more  than  two-thirds  of  the  value  of  the  entire 
output. 


CAmmiO  Am  PRi:si:KViN<i,  Ki~il  .\NDOniBB*— 

WBSD  or  noDOCT. 

j  Vataw. 

Per  orat 

Percent 

Fwmda. 

dicttibo- 

Anwmit. 

distiibo> 

tton. 

tioo. 

Total  

468,947,000 

100 

$2s,4i)1.000 

100 

340,086,000 

73 

24,8Na,00U 

88 

57,461,000 

12 

5,966,000 

a 

SardUnas  

72,323,000 

15 

5.311,000 

It 

Cod  

60,979.000 

13 

4,557,000 

16 

OTitats    

40.593,000 

10 

3,428,000 

12 

Shriinp  and  prawn  

3,772,000 

1 

742,000 

3 

18,204,000 

4 

667.000 

2 

12,362,000 

3 

594.000 

2 

6,261,000 

1 

480,000 

2 

All  other  

62.130,000 

13 

3,139.000 

11 

All  other  

128,861,000 

27 

3,517,000 

12 

The  following  table  distributes  the  value  of  prod- 
ucts by  species  and  by  geographic  divisions: 


Total  

Fish,  oysters,  etc  

Akwivea  Mid  rae. . . 

Cod  

naddock... ........ 

Hake  , 

Halibut  , 

HorrinR  , 

Lake  herring  

PoOMk.. .**!""!!": 

Salmon  

Sardines  

Sturfn>on  and  caviar 

Whitefish  

Clams  

OTttefs  

Craba  

Shrimp  and  jpnwm. . 

All  other......  

All  other  

FerUlizer  

Glue  

00  

Another  


pwwucTs:  IMS. 


United 
Stefeaa. 


tai,4W,ooo 

24,88.5,000 

287,000 
^  4,5.57,000 
594,000 
214,000 
1.57,000 
(.1,7.  (KK) 
4S0,  (100 
462.000 
169,000 
5,966,000 
_  5,311.000 
4<i8,000 
2ti3, 000 
421,000 
-  3,428,000 
166,000 
742,000 
531,000 
3,  .517, 000 
1,2.1-5,000 
fi.SI.CXIO 
K54.n00 
7<tS.  000 


Atlantic 

coast 
division. 


Pacific 
coast 
division. 


Gulf  of 
Mexico 


$1S,74I.OOO  I     $ti,  4.50. 000  |     $L'. -104, 000 


15,357,000 
287,000 
4, 101,000 
594,000 
214,000 
85,000 
664,000 


455,000 
169,000 
5.50.000 

5, 10:5, 000 
394,000 
188,000 
282,000 

1,794,000 
147,000 
10,000 
321,000 

3,384,000 

1,207,000 
611,000 
844,000 
721,000 


6,385,000 
'456,066 


100 
72,000 
3,200 


2,338,000 


5,34.5.000 
207.000 
13,ai0 


8*1.000 
10t>,  000 
19,000 


70,000 
6.S,000 
14,000 
20,000 
9,700 
21,000 


54,000 
1,,52!<,000 


731,000 
25,000 

SB^sat 
n.t8i 


54,000 


8M,ns 


4S0,000 


71,000 
1,900 
>M,OOB 

*vs,m 


1, 100 


^  fadndwjt  Trine  of  S17, 


^jSS^tSSitK^tal^ SSm^  jr'^j'^  ^^^^^^ 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


The  Atlantic  coast  division  reported  66  per  cent  of 
the  totiil  value  of  products;  the  Pacific  coast  division, 
23  per  cent;  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  division,  8  per  cent; 
il»  Oiwtt  Lakes  division,  nearly  3  per  cent;  and  the 
IfiHiasippi  Rher  dmaaoo,  Ian  thaii  1  per  cent.  Of 
Hb  Tahn  of  «H  Mikm  tiwttod  in  emitiBetttftl  Unitml 
States,  90  per  cent  represents  the  value  of  adbnon  pre- 
pared by  the  canneries  and  packing  houses  of  the 
Pacific  coast  states.  The  Atlantic  coast  division  is 
credited  with  96  per  cent  of  the  sardines  as  measured 
ly  -value,  90  per  cent  of  the  cod,  52  per  cent  of  the 
^faton,  aad  84  per  eettl  of  tlie  stuigeoii  prepared  in 
tte  United  States.  Nearij  aD  of  the  hake,  mackerel, 
mmk  herring  (exclusive  of  lake  herring),  and  all  of  the 
alewiveSj  haddock,  and  pollack  were  put  up  in  the  At- 
lantic coast  states.  The  Gulf  states  reported  45  per 
cent  of  the  oyster  product  and  almost  the  entire  shrimp 
aad  foiMn  jnoduct.  All  the  lake  herring  output  was 
the  nwihig  ha—a  of  the  Oteat  Lakes  diTision. 


Table  l,on  page  286,  gives  the  value  of  the  food 
products,  by  species  and  by  method  of  treatment. 
The  canned  product  exceeded  in  value  the  product 
treated  by  any  other  method  used  in  preparing  fishery 
products  for  market.  Of  the  total  value  of  food  prod- 
ncta — $24,885,000 — 57  per  cent  represents  canned 
product;  14  pw  cmt,  booed;  11  per  cent,  smoked; 
10  per  cent,  salted;  7  per  ceat,  pWed;  and  1  per 
cent,  frozen. 

Table  2,  on  page  287,  distributes  the  quantity  and 
value  of  all  products  of  the  industry  according  to 
metiiod  of  treatment  and  kind  of  product,  for  conti- 
nentid  United  Statea  and  for  each  geographic  division. 
The  by-products  of  the  canneiMs  and  paddng  houses, 
consisting  of  fertilizer,  oil,  etc.,  had  a  vahie  in 
1908  of  $3,517,000.  On  account  of  the  importance  of 
some  of  these  as  articles  of  commerce,  they  are  shown 
in  detail,  by  geographic  divisions  and  by  states,  in  the 
following  table: 


United  States  

AUaotic  ccust  division  . 


Virginia 
NorUi  ~ 


:  AMD  oniBss— TALva  o» 
M0»  mooocn:  1908. 


Pacific  c«ist 


Calltomla... 

OreRon  

Wmbtogtoa. 


MTarifodoo  dMgtoa. 
LoQlstaoa. .......... 


t  iBdiidai  m  rahw  of  $IM;00O  reported  for 

Of  the  total  value  of  products  other  than  food  re- 
ported by  the  fish  and  oyster  canneries  and  packing 
kmmm,  35  pw  em%  represnta  the  yalue  of  the  f er- 
tSav  nwDidaetmed.  The  Athustie  coast  states  con- 
tributed 98  per  cent  and  Virginia  alone  50  par  coat  of 

the  valw  of  tha  lirtiliaBr  pRMhiaad  bgr  thiae  aataUkb- 

ments. 

Another  important  by-product  of  this  industry  was 
ish  oil,  for  which  a  value  of  $854,000  was  reported,  or 
94  par  east  of  the  to«al  for  {Mcoduets  other  than  food. 
Viqslua  Isd,  with  an  oHtpnfc  Tafand  ai  38  per  cent  of 
tfM  -valne  of  all  fish  oil  reported  hj  Uie  eatablishments 
under  consideration.  The  manufacture  of  fish  glue 
was  confined  to  three  states— Massachusetts,  Maine, 


TMaL 

— -— — — 

00. 

AUottier 
pcDducta. 

9^517,000 

•1,331)000 

«BM,000 

>  1783, 000 

9648,000 

3.384.000 

1.207.000 

844.000 

>  762,000 

571,000 

1.032,000 
116,000 

1,249,000 
81,000 
Sl,flOO 

%8 

OB,oao 

618.000 
90,000 
77,000 
47,000 
44,000 

&z 

14.000 

328,000 
23,000 

123,000 
16,000 
»,800 
30,000 

SM,O0D 

9,700 

1753,000 
9,000 

87,000 
2,100 
296,000 

27,666 
•6,Q0» 

n,m 

20,000 

•,400 

21,000  1 

65,000 

2,400 
3,000 
8,300 

11,000 

200 
6,000 
3,800 

20,000 

11,000 
400 

9,m 

64,000 

32,000 

"■S8 

1,100 

31,000 
24,000 
100 

1,M 

no 

and  California — 95  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  output 
being  credited  to  Massachusetts.  All  the  isinglass  re- 
ported, valued  at  $150,000,  was  from  Massachusetts. 
.  The  precedhag  statistics  are  confined  to  the  fish  can- 
ning aiid  pnsoring  estahlidmMnta  of  ccmtinental 
United  States,  and  do  not  include  Alaska  In  the 
remainder  of  the  chapter,  which  is  devoted  to  a  pre- 
sentation in  detail  of  the  data  for  the  leading  prod- 
ucts, statistics  of  the  Alaskan  output  have  been 
included. 

iSaisiMi.— The  table  fdkywing  shows,  for  the  United 
Slates,  inclusive  of  Alaska,  the  quantity  and  value  of 
the  salmon  treated  in  1908,  disteihoted  accoi^i^  to 
mathod  of  traatmoit  by  stalca. 


CANNING  AND  PRESERVING 


283 


BALMOH  FBODCCT  OF  CASinESIKS  AND  rACUm 


1906. 


Total. 


Canned. 


Pickled. 


Smoked. 


Salted,  in- 
cluding 
mild-cured. 


Frozen  ai 
firesb. 


United  States,  ItoIiwHih; 
Pacific  coast  division  


Alaska  

Washington. 

Oregon  

California. . . 


Kwtem  and  Central  divisions. 


New  York  

AU  other  sUUs. . 


United  Statas, 
PaotBc  coast  dtvMoB. 


Alaska  

Washington. 

Oregon  

Cwbiala... 


Bastem  and  Centnl  divMana. 
New  York  


QVAimrr  (iocmim). 

25G.414.000 

221. in:. 000 

19.a53.000 

4,297.000 

1 

8.540.000  1  3.418.000 

252.982,000 

221.107.000 

19.053.000  1  971,000 

8,434,000 

3,418,000 

198.S53.000 
«8. 954, 000 
21,914.000 
3,162,000 

3,432,000 

182,488.000 
22.091.000 
16,339,000 
180,000 

» 13.713.000 

780.000 
3,959.000 
600,000 

48.000 

800.000 
80.000 
42.000 

3,327,000 

1,646.000 

4.4.57.000 

*  1,067.000 
825,000 
l,6$8.fl08 

2.331.000 
105,000 

2,504,000 

928,000 

108,953,000 
S7,4B1,«» 

2,504.000 

823,000 

48.000 

105,000 
1,6^000 

182,488,000 

a8,<u,im 

13,713,000 

6,m,«oo 

1.067.000 
S.I81.88I 

TALUX. 

$16,638,000 

$14,132,000 

$1,063,000 

$678,000 

$541,000 

$234,000 

16,017.000 

14,132.000 

1,063,000 

60,000 

5.38.000 

234,000 

10,672,000 
2,731,000 
2,256,000 
350,000 

621,000 

10,186,000 
2,362,000 
1  1,S«5,000 

1 

*  353, 000 
76,000 
55^000 

4,000 
39.000 
11,000 

6,300 

618.000 

79,000 
199.000 

•51,000 
55,000 
129,000 

261,000 
3.800 

400,000 
Iftl.OQO 

10,873,000 
6,908,000 

460,000 
U«,«$B 

874!  080 

3,808 

n.ooo 
4ai.<$8 

10,180,000 
$,948,000 

$88,000 

700,000 

&m 

^  Indudes  ^JfiOO  pounds  of  s^on  belllet. 


The  total  quantity  canned  or  preserved  in  1908  was 
256,414,000  pounds,  valued  at  $16,638,000.  Alaska 
easify  ranked  first,  reporting  78  per  cent  of  the  quan- 
tity and  64  per  cent  of  the  value.  Washington,  with 
11  per  cent  of  the  quantity  and  16  per  cent  of  the 
value,  and  Oregon,  with  9  per  cent  of  the  quantity 
and  14  per  cent  of  the  value,  ranked  respectively 
aeoond  and  third. 

Hie  methods  of  treatm^t  employed  vary  in  the 
^Seiaiit  aectioiiB  of  the  eoimtiy;  for  iDstaoce,  74  per 


*  Includes  a  value  of  859/)00  reported  for  salmon  bellies. 
« iBolata  s  tsIm  •(  MSjflOO  nparMllv  tM*  aitaMa. 

c^t  of  the  Califomia  product  was  salted,  while  practi- 
cally all  of  that  prepared  in  the  Eastern  and  Cmtral 

states  was  smoked.  Of  the  total  product  of  sabnon 
treated  in  the  United  States,  including  Alsska,  86  per 
cent  was  canned. 

The  following  tabular  statement  gives  comparative 
statistics  as  to  the  quantity  and  value  of  the  salmon 
tTMted  in  tiie  United  Stetes,  induave  ci  Aladra, 
by  states,  arranged  in  the  order  of  the  Taiiaa  in 
1908: 


OB  TBBBITOBT. 


Unttad  Stata,  including  Alaska. 

Qmhb. 

Califomia. 
New  York 
AU  other 


ABB  r* 


Qnantit; 


I 


256,414.000 


198,953,000 

28.954.000 
21.9)4,000 
3,162.000 
2,504.000 
928,000 


$18,888,000 


Qnaatitv 
(pmmm. 


10,672,000 

2.731,000 
2.2.56.000 
359.000 

m.ooo 

161,000  II 


190.529.000 


813,633.000 


126,370.000 
32.034.000 
27.2(2,000 
(') 

1,881,000 
2,982,000 


7.731,000 
2,909,000 
2.392,000 

(') 

320.000 
281,000 


QaaDi 


116,621,000 


51,092,000 

44,317.000 
16.1(15,000 
3.679.000 
97.000 
371,000 


89,423,000 


3.606.000 

3.840.000 
l.(i(i5.000 
270,000 
14,000 
27,000 


'AU 


Sardines. — Since  1875,  when  the  first  factcMry  for 

canning  sardines  in  the  United  States  was  started  at 
Eastport,  Me.,  that  state  has  held  a  j^ractical  monopoly 
of  the  industry. 


Hie  tabular  statemmt  fdhming  gives  the  quantity 
and  value  of  saidinea  packed,      states,  for  1^00, 

1905,  and  1908. 


OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


1806 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

QoantitT 
(pooDda). 

VaiiH. 

Qaantitv 
(pennds). 

Value. 

72,308,000 

ts,soo,ooo 

Sr,flB,000 

94,380,000 

44,061,000 

Maine  

Mmmcbastits.  

«  68.210,000 
2,322,000 
1,«^000 

• 

'  4.732.000 
309,000 
207,000 
!,«•• 

M^OOO 
140,000 

4,291,000 
11,000 

44,420,000 
142,000 
380,000 

4,060,000 
84,000 
7»,00t 

Cod.— The  cod  product  treated  in  1908  amounted  to     accordini;  to  the  jnetliod  of  treatment,  for  the  United 
•M82,000  pounds,  valued  at  $4,692,000.    The  foUow-  i  States,  including  Alaska,  and  by  states: 
lag  labbikMtiieqiittDaty  and  value  oltiikprodijct  | 


Massach  uMtts  . 
Mauie  

Pennsylvania.. 


fWoBe  coast  diviskai . 


oo»  kigssd: 


All  >tafes. 


etts.... 
f^ennsylTania..... 
IM&c  coast  divisiaa. 


Washington. 
Caittmuu... 
Alaska  


TotaL 

flaiM. 

—  ■  ■ 

Frozen, 
fresh,  and 
■inoked. 

00,383,000 

33,784,000 

27,776,000 

6,785,000 

37.000 

49,526,000 

1  32,557,000 

15,883,000 

1,088,000 

3,030 

41,337,000 
8,097,000 

91,000 

16,856,000 

1  31,968,000 
1  589,000 

8,369,000 
7,426,000 
88,000 

11,89.3,000 

i  1,000,000 
I  83,000 

4,7DB,000 

34,000 

227,000 

4,551,000 
6,902.000 
5,403,000 

60,979,000 
5,409^000 

227,000 



83,784,000 

4,.3-'4.000 
2,200.0tX) 
5,369,000 

22,407,000 
6,360^000 

'"4,"7ai,o66' 

5,786,000 

 34,666 

3,000 
34,000 

34,602,000 

33,250,000 

11,237,000 

S202,000 

82,800 

4,101,000 

3,238,000 

812,000 

51,000 

200 

3,726,000 
366,000 
M^OOO 

601,000 

3,179,000 
60,000 

60,000 
1,400 

1S,«80 

160,000 

-',f»0 

229,000 
227,000 
135,000 

4,557,000 
136,000 

1^000 

217,000 
77,000 
132,000 

1,106,000 
UO^IOO 

150,000 

2,600 
30O 

3,250,000 

308,000 

The  value  reported  for  1908  represents  an  increase 
of  S1,67S,000,  or  more  than  50  per  cent,  over  the 
nhM  npovted  for  liNM;,  miuek  was  $3,013,000.  In 
liOO  the  piodMl  WM  Tehied  at  $3,109,000.  The 
BExt  table  ihowB,  by  geograplue  dhrvMnia  and  by 
states,  the  quantity  and  value  of  cod  reported  by  can- 
ning and  packing  establishments  in  the  United  Statcsy 
incluiling  Alaska,  for  1900,  1905,  and  1908. 

No  figures  are  shown  for  Alaska  for  1905,  but  a  com- 
of  the  figures  for  1900  and  1908  reveals 
of  885  per  e«t  in  the  quantity  and  of 
'  eeat  in  the  vahie  ni  the  eod  pnpaied  by  the 
I  ef  this  tmiloiy. 


The  product  of  Massachusetts  represented  62  per 
cent  of  the  total  quantity  and  79  per  cent  of  the  total 
value  of  cod  treated  in  canneries  and  packing  houses. 
Maine  reported  a  value  of  $365,000;  Washington, 
$220,000;  Caltfomia,  $227,000;  Akska,  $135,000;  and 
Pennsylvania,  $10,000.  There  seems  to  be  a  rapidly 
growing  demand  for  boned  cod.  While  but  49  per 
cent  of  the  total  amount  in  1908  was  boned,  the  value 
of  the  product  thus  treated  formed  69  per  cent  of  the 
total  value.  In  Washington  nearly  all  of  the  cod  was 
salted,  and  in  California  about  two-thirds  was  pickled 
aikl  the  lest  Bailed. 


CANNING  AND  PRBSEEVING. 


285 


• 

mrm w  ■■■■II  tm   mmm^  vsaami  wJ*  a&SSICVAX* 

■ 

00»  rtOKMO. 

tm 

1006 

1000 

Quantito^ 
(poaads). 

Valaa. 

QmntHy 
gonads). 

Vaiaa. 

1  Vahw. 

UaiM  StatM,  InnhKUng  Alaska  

AtlMrtieeowt^TUoD  

66,382,000 

34,092,000 

48.758.000 

$3,013,000 

1  - 
1  65,419,000 

33,109,000 

526, 000 

4,101,000 

40,620,000 

2,655,000 

1  57,088,000 

2,628,000 

Massachusetts..  

41,. 337, 000 
8,087,000 
01,000 

16,856^000 

3,726,000 
366,000 
10,000 

691,000 

37,913,000 
"-"^^ 
8,138,000 

2,611,000 
141,000  1 
3,300 

350,000 

8,388,000 
0,000 

8,330,000 

2,546,000 
80,000 
a,  MO 

480^000 

Maine  

Pacific  coast  divisioo  

Washington  

4,. 551. 000 
6.902.000 
5,4a3,0O0 

60,979,000 
5,403,000 

229,000 
227,000 

135,000  ' 

4,557,000  1 
135,000 

877,000 
7,261,000 

49,000 
309,000  { 

054,000 

6,688,000 

(iSS.OOO 

64,731,000 
881,000 

45,000 

407,000 

•Js.(XX) 

3,081,000 

38^flg» 

California  

Aiasi^  

AU  states.  

48,758,000 

3,013,000 

Oysters. — The  lollowiiijjj  table  gives  the  canned- 
oyster  product,  by  states,  for  1908; 


DlVISIO>f  AND  STATE. 


UnitadStatas... 

Atlantic  coa.st  dtrlrioa 

Maryland  

South  Can^ina. ... 

Georgia  

Vbginia  

North  Carolina  

Florida.  

Oolf  of  Ifedco  divlsiim. 

Louisiana  

Mississippi  

Florida.  

FMttecoaBtdlvirioa.. 

Washington  

Oregon  


OTSTEBS  CANino: 
1808. 


Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

46.688,000 

33,438,000 

35,034,000 

1,704,000 

7,661,000 
0,436,000 

4,8.53.000 
1,8.50,000 
1,055,000 
1,083,000 

599,000 
525,000 
374,000 
163,000 
70,000 
08,000 

20,220.000 

1,528,000 

9, 9f>9, 000 
7,83.5,0(i(J 
2,422,000 

770,000 
625,000 
134,000 

444,000 

106,000 

413,000 
30),  0001 

100,000 
«i,lflO 

Louisiana  held  linst  place  in  the  value  of  oysters 
canned,  followed  by  Mississippi,  Maryland,  and  South 
Carolma,  in  the  ovdrr  iianuMl.  In  1905  Missi.ssippi 
ranked  first,  Maryland  second,  South  Carohna  third, 
and  Louisiana  fourth.  In  1900  Maryland  was  lii-st 
and  Mississippi  second.  The  next  tabular  statement 
shows  the  quantity  and  value  of  the  canned  oystw 
product  for  1900,  1905,  and  1908,  by  states  ranked 
accordiiif?  to  the  value  reported  in  1908. 

The  value  of  the  canned  oyster  product  was  $371 ,000 
less  in  1908  than  in  1905,  but  it  was  greater  than  in 
1900  by  $1,893,000,  or  123  per  c«it.  The  decrease 
from  1905  to  1908  oeeorred  prindpally  in  Mismssippi 
and  North  Carolina. 

Shrimp  and  pravm. — In  1908,  as  in  earUer  yean, 
practicalh"  all  these  crustaceans  were  packed  in  Lou- 
isiana and  Mississippi,  the  former  reporting  54  per 
cent  and  the  latter  44  per  cent  of  tho  total  value  of 
product. 


aiATK. 


QoantitT 

(pounds). 


Vataa. 


Louisiana  

Mississippi  

Maryland  

South  Carolina. . 

Georgia  

Florida  

Virginia.  

Washington  

North  (jaroUna.. 

Ongcm  

Ail  otbw  states. 


■  9,969,000 
'7,835,000 
7,651,000 
'9,426,000 
4,853,000 
3,505,000 
1,856,000 
413,000 
1,055,000 
30,000 


770,000 
625,000 
599,000 
535,000 
374,000 
195,000 
163,000 
100,000 
70,000 
6,100 


United  States   46,593.ooo  !  $3,428,000 


low 

1  Hit 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

VdM. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

VriMb 

'  59,249,000 

33,799,000 

20,792,000 

$1,330,000 

7,126.000 
21,952,000 
6,666,000 
9,251,000 
4,794,000 
1.802,000 

{') 

(') 

2,  .526, 000 
(') 

1  *,m,m 

507,000 
1,341,000 
549,000 
530,000 
257,000 
126,000 

144,000 

1,273,000 
6,078.000 
6,916,000 

('^ 
0) 
1,504,000 
(') 

50,000 

Am, 

72,000 
495,000 
570,000 

(') 
00,081 

(») 

a    —  M ,  — , ,  ^  ■  J 


^  The  tabular  statement  foUowing  gives  the  quan- 
litj  and  vahie  of  the  preserved  dirknp  and  prawn 


product  in  1908,  distributed  by  method  of  treatment 
and  by  states. 


286 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


sHBiKP  AND  numr  tmawniw  intL 

- 

QOBDUtT 

(paands). 

ValtM. 

UailBd  States.. 

3,772,000 

S742,000 

3,273,000 

$657,000 

500,000 

185,000 

Mississippi  

Florida  

1,980,000 

1,704,000 
75,000 

8»aoo 

408,000 
329,000 
9,000 
1,000 

1,644,000 

1,625,000 

334,000 
322,000 

> 342,000 
•79,000 
•75,000 
M,800 

69,000 
6,600 
9,000 

m 

Sootii  Canliitt 

3,00 

fiOO 
MO 

The  quantity  and  value  of  the  preserved  shrimp  and 
fnrnm  prodnei,  m  npovted  at  the  canvasses  of  1900, 
ltOS»  mad  198Sy «« ihoiwii  at  top  ot  neort  cohmm. 


8XAXB. 

IMW 

Vaioa^ 

QPMtltl' 

(pounds). 

United  States. . 

Louisiana  

MMmW  

3,772,000 

$742,000 

5,087.000 

$479,000 

1,929,000 

$226,000 

1,986,000 
1,704,000 
83,000 

403,000 
329,000 
10,000 

3,762,000 
1,315,000 
11,000 

346,000 
132,000 
1,200 

515,000 
1,313,000 
102,000 

80,000 
136,000 
9,800 

Although  the  quantity  preserved  in  the  United  States 
in  1908  was  less  than  in  1905,  the  value  of  the  product 
showed  a  large  increase.  Compared  with  the  figures 
for  1900,  there  is  shown  an  increase  of  96  per  cent  in 
quantity  and  228  per  cent  in  value. 


Tablb  1.— canning  and  PRESERVING,  FISH  AND  OYSTERS— VALUE  OF  FOOD  PRODUCTS.  1908. 


mam,wmm  a»  vnaaa»-^ja.vm  or  iood  nKwucn:  IMS. 

Salted, 
including 
mild-cured. 

Froren 
and  fresh. 

9,818,000 

82,386,000 

81,004,000 

8318,000 

^^m^*                                                                                                                                                           -  •  a  .  .  .  .  ,  ,  _  ,  ,  .  ,  .  .  ,  ,  _  ,  , 

Hides .  

287,000 
4,557,000 
76,000 
594,000 
214,000 

1  i :  i  j 

3,250,000 
11,000 
68,000 
«^«0» 

7,400 

 368,'666' 

'"ijios'ooo" 

65,000 
183,000 

nM8> 

ao,oii 

16,000 

 61  ,'666' 

214,000 
202,000 
1,000 
36,000 

lit 

H«Hbat  

^^hemng  

157,000 

114,000 
451,000 
436,000 
18,080 

>aoo 

74,000 

mtm 

:  HI :  : 

667,000 
480,000 
462,000 
64,000 

48.'666' 

3,000 

01,000 

^oUact  

f   

—  -.  

109,000 

40,000 

200 

128,000 
408,000 
3,100 

200 

8,966,000 
5,311,000 

'""3,946. '666" 
5,307,000 

674,000 
100 

700,000 
1,900 

183,000 

468,000 

3,400 

463,000 
257,000 

Ctans . . 

421,000 
3,428,000 

412,000 
3,428,000 

99 

o^oeo 

8,600 

113,000 

16,000 

■■-1 

CANNING  AND  ra£8ERVING. 


887 


Tiwji  9.-0ANNIN0  AND  PRESERVING,  FISH  AND  OYSTERS— PRODUCTS,  BY  GEOGRAPHIC  DIVISIONS  METHOD  OF 

TBEATMENT,  AND  KIND:  IMS. 


Mwoo  or  mtnmn  and 
Mmbtmwmmvm. 

* 

1                                   CAimNG  AND  PRESERVINO,  IDB  AXD  OTBimBS-fWHNIOn:  UOB^ 

Atlantic  coast  division. 

Pacific  coast  division 

Gulf  of  Mexico 
division. 

Great  Lakes 

Miiriyip^  River 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

vaniB. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Vahie. 

Otiantit  V 
(pounds). 

VahM. 

OflATItitv 

(pounds) 

Vaina. 

TotaL  

Owed  

468,964,000 
169,467,000 

$28,401,000 

14, 142,000 

359,558,000 

102,751,000 

$18,741,000 

7,498,000 

73,287,000 

41.657,000 

86,450,000 

4,381,000 

26,461,000 

82,404,000 

9,«H.800 

Bl^888 

187,888 

S18,888 

72, 168,000 
38,618,000 
46,593,000 

5,307,000 
3,946,000 
3,428,000 
657,000 
412  000 

166,000 
211,000 

70,538,000 
25,924,000 

5,101,000 
1,794,000 

1,630,000 
38,618,000 
444,000 

:  20»3,000 
1  3,946,000 
106,000 

25,056,000 

20,226,000 

2,250,000 

1,528,000 

%m 

a,8at 

■  Clams  

5  276  000 

780,000 
38,807,000 

3.900 

Of  KKtJ 

720,000 
3^988,000 

88)080^000 

600 

147,000 
183,000 

8,a4,000 

OwyUUU 

60,000 
850)000 

227,000 

00.  UUU 

10,000 

i^aao 

12,000 

3,209,000 
1,000,  UUU 

200^800 

656,000 
54,000 

21,080 

2,080 

2,888 

Cod  

Pollack  

32,784,000 
1,372,000 
2,080,000 
933,000 
827,000 
311,000 

32,003,000 

3,250,000 
123,000 
68,000 
40,000 
35.000 
11,000 

2,818,000 

32.557.000 
1,372,000 
2,080,000 
933,000 

827,001) 
311,000 

23,912,000 

3,238,000 
123,000 
08,000 
40,000 
35,000 
11,000 

2,037,000 

227,000 

12,000 

Hake  

1,460,000 

05,000 

6,488,000 

670,000 

134,000 

15,088 

Salmon  

4,249,000 
1,317,000 
11,939,000 
4,562,000 
5,192,000 
1,666,000 
1,259,000 
1,819,000 

54,745,000 

674,000 
453,000 
451,000 
426,000 
308,000 
257,000 
114,  oa) 
134,000 

2,386,000 

2,975,000 
1,029,000 
11,840,000 

"5,'i92,'666' 

979,000 
851,000 
1,046,000 

38,889,000 

547,000 
394,000 
449,000 

'368,066' 
188,000 
81,000 
70,000 

1,491,000 

923,000 
8,100 
98,000 

56,000 
1,500 
1,900 

881,000 
168,000 

'4,'M2,'o66' 

71,000 
44,000 

'426,066' 

Haddock.Tr.  

112,000 

13,088 

Whiteflsh  

Halibut  

All  other  

Salted,  including  mild-cured  

Cod  • * ■ . . 

Salmon.   

Haddock.. 
Hake  

Pollack  

Shnmp  

Mullet  

All  other.......  

Pickled  

"'468,'666* 

23,000 
14,495,000 

""84,"6d6' 

1,600 
796,000 

377.000 

72,000 

066,000 

"756I666' 
964,000 

67,000 

"62,066' 
28,000 

22,000 

2,088 

22,407,000 
6,893,000 
4,430,000 
8',"628,000 
5,278,000 
342,000 
1,695,000 
1,118,000 
4,054,000 

39,919,000 

l,ia5,000 
462,000 
183,000 
179,000 
128,000 
69,000 
65,000 
61,000 
134,000 

1,694,000 

15,883,000 
105,000 
4,430,000 
8,620,000 
5,378,000 

"i," 6951666' 

1,118,000 
1,854,000 

29,122,000 

812,000 
2,800 
183,000 
179,000 
128.000 

 65,666' 

61,000 
60,000 

805,000 

6,524,000 
6,788,000 

 2,'666' 

"i,'i8i,'666' 

10,643,000 

294,000 
450,000 

 ioo' 

"43,"666' 

875,000 

"342,066' 

35,000 
79,000 

'  60,666 
 i'soo' 

6,600 

'"«4,o66' 

76,000 

"28,066' 
6,600 

Salmon  

Mackerel  

Alewivesaodn*  

Cod . . . . .. 

Herring  

5,339,000 
4,495,000 
18, 193,000 
5,785,000 
4,208,000 
660,000 
158,000 
^,000 

5,644,000 

700,000 
402,000 
214,000 
202,000 
74,000 
35,000 
16,000 
10,000 
41,000 

318,000 

"4,'344,'666" 
18,193,000 
1,083,000 
4,157,000 
660,000 

T^oeo 

"  "395,666' 
214,000 
51.000 
73,000 
35,000 
8,600 

5,339,000 

152,000 

"4,'762,"666' 

51,000 

"a^'ooo' 

3,162,000 

700,000 
6,700 

'"i56,'666' 
1,200 

"io,'666' 

7,980 

225,000 

Haddock  

"'79,' 666' 

6,666' 

000,000 

27,688 

12,000 

78^000 
1,802,000 

6,888 

81,000 

Salmon  

Lake  herring  

Halibut  

2,361,000 
946,000 
628,000 
550,000 
81,000 
520,000 
190,000 
368,000 

laS, 877,000 

183,000 
33,000 
28,000 
22,000 
12,000 
10,000 
8,500 
21,000 

I,a7,fl08 

2,361,000 

550,000 

183,000 

22,000 

946,000 
628,000 

:«,ooo  ;  

28,000  {  

Shad  I.. 

An  other  productsincludlng  fer- 
tmur,afi,aadtlMi....7Z  

520,000 
30,000 
60,000 

120^282,000 

10,000 
800 
1,000 

3,384,000 

81,000 
160,000 

1,622,000 

12,000 
7,700 

88^800 

• 

«,888 

818,000 

20^880 
2;888 

f 


OHAPTBBIX. 


EXPORTS  AJ 

Comparison  with  domestic  production. — The  exports 
of  (jomostic  fishery  products  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
June  30,  190S,  were  valued  at  $6,166,193,  and  the 
imports  for  oonsumption  Imr  the  Mine  poriod  were 
ynkmA  a*  $13,135,724,  or  $6,969,531  mora  then  the 
exports. 

Fresh  fish  formed  but  a  small  part  of  either  the 
exports  or  the  imports.  The  exports  and  imports  of 
fresh  lisli  wore  essentially  to  and  from  near-by  countries, 
and  so  far  us  they  are  distinguishable  and  reported 
sepuateiy  amomited  in  yahie  to  oxify  $87,379  and 
$1,772,164,  req>eetiveiy.  When  theae  amoimts  are 
deducted  from  the  gross  exports  and  imports  there 
remain  the  large  sums  of  $6,078,814  and  $11,363,560, 
representing,  respectively,  the  value  of  the  exports 
and  imports  tif  fishery  products  other  than  fresh  fish 
during  the  fiscal  year  1908.  Obviously,  therefore, 
aagr  coaqMuoaon  of  ezpmrta  and  importa  with  domestic 
ppodnetioB  ranat  deal  witih  the  prodnete  of  the  fiah 
f^Mfmg  and  preserving  industry  rather  than  with  the 
main  products  of  the  fisheries.  The  statistics  of 
d<^mestic  production,  exports,  and  imports  may  be 
correlated  so  as  to  show  in  a  general  way  the  value  of 
the  fi^eiy  products  available  for  consumption.  Such 
a  eomfMiiaaii  is,  howwer,  neceoaeri^  defective  not 
oidtjr  beeaaaa  tibe  wtkam  of  products  in  the  eoDaoa  €i 
tiM  firiMriea  are  those  reported  by  the  fishenMBOT  the 
manufacturers,  while  the  values  of  products  exported 
and  imported,  are  the  commercial  values  at  the  port 
and  may  be  therefore  considerably  different,  but  also 
because  there  is  no  record  of  the  value  of  the  stock 
on  hand  at  the  b^gimiing  and  at  the  cod  of  the  year. 
l^ilhiimiMii,  the  atatiaties  for  oqporta  and  inqmrts 
are  those  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  wkSi»  those 
for  the  fisheries  are  for  the  calendar  year.  The  prod- 
ucts of  fish  canning  and  preserving  establishments, 
however,  inclusive  of  those  of  Alaska,  had  a  value 
ol  $35,902,847  in  1908.  As  a  considerable  amount  of 
fiih  was  cored  or  preserved  by  the  fiahennen,  this 
ifconid  ba  added  to  the  prodneta  of  the  fiA  canning 
aad  inwting  eatahirfoMBta,  for  ccMiqparatiYe  pur- 
poses; and  as  these  exports  and  imports  of  fiahery 
products  include  oil,  whalebone,  and  sponges,  the 
amounts  reported  for  these  products  by  the  fisheries 
should  be  also  added.  The  sum  secured  by  making 
these  combinations,  $38,910,295,  represents  the  value 

*  The  tencB  med  in  this  chapter  have  been  taken  fcom  "Coutr 
gg^J  HyyrtiMi    tito  Umft^  Strtw,**  Bwewi  cf  Blrtlttfci, 

(»8) 


W  IMPORTS.* 

for  the  domestic  production  which  is  in  a  general  way 
comparable  with  the  ligures  for  the  exports  and 
imports  of  fishery  products  other  than  fresh  fish.  This 
total  comprises  the  products  of  the  fish  cuming  and 
]Kres«rying  industry  in  ccmtinental  United  States, 
$35,902,847;  fish  salted  and  smoked  by  fishermen, 

'  $1,948,635;  fish  oil,  whale  oil.  and  sea-elephant  oil, 
S298,717;  whalebone,  8215,220;  and  sponges,  $544,870. 

'  The  excess  of  the  value  of  imports  over  that  of  exports, 
$6,969,531,  added  to  the  above  total,  gives  the  sum  of 
$45,879,826  for  the  United  States  consumption  of 
fiahery  products  other  than  treah.  fish,  of  which  amount 
15  per  cent  represented  in^wrts  and  85  per  cent  the 
domestic  production. 

Comparison  of  exports  and  imports. — In  1890  and 
previous  years  the  total  exports  of  fishery  products 
exceeded  the  imports,  and  the  balance  of  trade  was  in 
favor  of  tihe  United  States;  but  by  1895  the  balance 
had  shifted  and  the  imports  exceeded  the  exports, 
and  since  Ihe  hitter  year  the  balance  of  tx&de  has  uni- 
formly been  against  the  United  States.  The  diil'er- 
ence  increased  rapidly,  until  in  1907  and  1908  the  debit 
balance  of  trade  was  in  excess  of  the  total  value  of  the 
exports. 

The  following  tabular  i^tement  gives  the  Tahiee  d 
tibe  imports  and  ezporta  <^  fishery  products  for  cer- 
tain years  since  1875,  and  the  resulting  balances.  This 
statement  includes  the  value  of  all  fish,  whether  fresh, 
canned,  or  otherwise  treated,  fiah  and  whale  oil,  whale- 
bone, and  sponges. 


fCIL  TBAB. 

Inqiofts. 

Bzparta. 

Excess  of 
imports 

over 
cohorts. 

Excess  of 
exi>orts 

over 
luipetUk 

$13,135,724 

13,224,049 
12,599,201 
11,530,487 
11,052,230 
8,230, 121 

?n5,284 
5,247.404 
3,813,299 
8,310,748 

16,106,198 

6, 238,. '570 
8,100.H79 
7,096,340 
8,368,016 
6, 163, 113 
6,406,870 
7,336,993 
5,891,164 
5,114,926 
4,716,686 

$6,960,631 

6,985,479 
4,498,322 
4,434,147 
2,684,220 
2,067,008 
828,417 

1900  

UN.  

$1,521, 7W 
643,760 
1,301,627 

In  the  case  of  whale  oil  the  excess  of  imports  over 
exports  did  not  begin  until  1900;  whalebone  exports, 
cm  the  othnr  hand,  have  always  eneeded  hnporta,  but 
by  varying  amounts.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  growth 
in  the  debit  balance  is  due  chiefly  to  a  marked  in- 
eveaae  intheyahie  of  inqporta.   TaUe  1,  <mi  pi^  291, 


EXPORTS  AND  IMPORT8. 


28$ 


gbes  the  quantity  and  ralue  of  the  eiports  of  domestic 
lidieiy  products,  distributed  by  kinds,  for  the  fiscal 
years  1890,  1900,  and  1908;  and  TaUe2,on  page  291, 

gives  for  the  same  years  the  value  of  the  domestic 
exports,  by  country  to  which  exported.  The  quantity 
and  value  of  the  imports  reported  for  the  fiscal  3'ears 
1890,  1900,  and  1908  are  distributed  according  to  kind 
<rf  product  and  conntiy  from  which  imported  m  Table 
$» on  page 292;  and  thevalueof  ini^rta  fwtheseyeara 
is  shown  by  oountxy  from  whidi  unported  m  TMe  4, 
on  page  293. 

The  exportation  and  importation  of  fishery  products 
are  governed  largely  by  the  location  of  the  source  of 
supply  or  market,  shipping  conditions,  the  direction  of 
toade  nmtes,  etc. 

The  in^Mrta  of  aafaaon,  which  wero  yalued  at 
$229,881,  were  all  from  near-by  North  American  coun- 
tries and  the  greater  part  were  entered  at  North  Atlan- 
tic and  at  northern  border  and  lake  ports.  Manifestly, 
the  proximity  of  the  Canadian  supply  to  the  Eastern 
states  made  such  importation  cheaper  than  the  trans- 
portatMm  of  the  domestic  product  from  the  Pacific 
coast.   SuniUr  situations,  together  with  shipping 
conditions  and  the  location  of  trade  routes,  account 
for  the  exportation  of  domestic  cod,  haddock,  hake, 
pollack,  and  herring  to  the  West  Indies  and  the  Central 
American  states,  while  quantities  many  times  larger 
were  imported  from  Europe,  Canada,  the  West  Indies, 
and  elsewhere.   In  the  case  of  sponges  part  of  the  im- 
ports connsted  of  rarious  spedes  not  produced  <m  the 
coast  of  Florida,  although  the  largest  portion  came  from 
the  West  Indies  and  comprised  varieties  very  similar  to 
those  produced  in  Florida.    On  account  of  the  loca- 
tion of  trade  routes  New  York  is  the  center  of  both 
e^rtation  and  importation  of  this  product.  Oysters 
wwre  inqtorted,  idiito  they  formed  the  most  important 
fishery  product  eaqtorted  next  to  sahnon.  Herring, 
the  fish  most  extensively  imported,  had  only  a  small 
value  as  an  export,  as  explained  above.   Among  other 
fisheiy  products  imported  in  large  quantities  were  ancho- 
vies and  sardmes,  pickled  mackerel,  of  which  only  a  small 
amount  was  exported,  and  lobsters,  which  formed  no 
part  of  the  exports  of  fishery  products.  Miscellaneous 
kmds  of  freah  fish  and  sheHfiah  from  Canada  and  other 
countries  owe  then-  interchange  with  like  American 
products  principally  to  diflferences  in  apedea,  but  also 
to  the  direction  of  the  trade  routes. 

£xporfe.— Although  the  United  States  exported 
fiaheiy  products  worth  $6,166,193  in  1908,  the  pro- 
doction  as  aidiolewas  less  than  the  consumption,  and 
the  fish  importations,  valued  at  $13,135,724,  did  not 
«v«ratock  the  maiket.  Of  the  total  value  of  the  ex- 
ports in  1908,  66  per  cent  represented  the  v^iie  <rf 
sahnon,  either  canned,  ciued,  or  fraah,  and  11  per  oent 
that  of  oysters. 

The  preeminence  of  salmon  among  exports  was 
maintained  m  each  of  the  years  for  which  statistics  are 
7«786»— 11  ^19 


given,  tile  quantities  differing  only  sligiitly.  There  has 
been,  however,  a  marked  change  in  the  form  in  which 
the  sahnon  has  been  eaqwrted;  in  1890  practically 
the  entire  quantity  was  canned,  but  in  1906  only  60 
per  cent  of  the  amount  exported  was  thus  prapared. 
Although  less  salmon  was  exported  in  1908  than  in 
1890,  the  value  of  the  smaller  exportation  was  greater 
by  $758,176.  On  the  other  hand,  the  value  of  the 
oyster  exports  decreased. 

The  fisheiy  producto  exported  to  tiie  United  Kof- 
dom  had  a  greater  value  than  those  exported  to  anj 
other  country,  although  the  value  of  the  exports  to 
Germany  was  nearly  as  great.  The  former  country  is 
credited  with  26  per  cent  and  the  latter  with  2.5  per 
cent  of  the  total  value  of  our  exports  of  fishery  pro- 
ducts. The  Qeiman  trade  was  much  smaller,  rela- 
tively, m  1900  and  1890,  while  the  purchases  ef  tha 
United  Kmgdom  for  those  years  constituted  40  and  $0 
per  cent,  respectively,  of  the  total  value  of  tbeespedB 
of  fishery  products  of  the  United  States. 

The  exports  to  the  United  Kingdom  in  1908  were 
composed  principally  of  canned  salmon  and  com- 
prised about  half  of  that  commodity  exported.  Thk 
country  also  took  nearly  a  third  of  the  oyster  eoqiofta. 
The  exports  to  Germany  consisted  almost  wholly  of 
cured  salmon,  over  86  per  cent  of  the  total  exports  of 
which  went  to  that  country.  Of  the  exported  whale- 
bone, over  98  per  cent  represents  product  purchased 
by  France. 

The  total  exports  to  North  Anieriean  countries  hvm 

gradually,  though  slightly,  decreased  smce  1890.  The 
value  of  the  exports  to  Canada,  includmg  Newfound- 
land, $431,800,  was  larger  m  1908  than  that  of  the 
exports  to  any  other  country  of  this  continent,  forming 
41  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  fishery  products  ex- 
ported to  countries  of  North  America.  Though  this 
represents  a  decrease  in  both  amount  and  pwoentage 
of  the  total  since  1900,  it  is  nearly  twice  as  great  as  the 
corresponding  value  in  1890.    In  1890  the  West  Indies 
received  a  much  larger  share  of  our  exported  fisheiy 
products  than  did  Canada,  but  since  then  the  exports 
to  these  islands  have  steadily  decreased,  and  a  decrease 
has  been  manifest  since  1900  even  in  the  case  of  Cuba, 
despite  the  close  political  relations  between  that  island 
and  the  United  States  during  the  past  10  years.    But  in 
view  of  the  fact  tiiat  there  has  been  an  increase  as  com- 
pard  with  1890  in  the  value  of  the  fishery  products  un- 
ported  firom  the  West  Indies,  it  seems  probable  that 
the  home  demand  rather  than  any  loss  of  markets 
caused  the  decrease  in  the  exportations  to  these 
islands.    The  exports  of  fishery  products  to  the 
Central  American  states  were  much  larger  than  in 
1900  and  1890,  this  mcrease  bemg  in  line  with  the 
hicrease  in  general  trade  with  these  states.  Mexico, 
especially  since  1900,  also  shows  a  huge  imaease  m 
imports  of  fishery  products  from  the  United  State% 
which  was  the  result  of  the  ineraaaed  importatkm  ol 
canned  salmon. 


290  FISHERIES  OF  THE  1 

Thfb  copott  tnde  m  firii  with  Sooth  America  has 
de?cl(^>ed  rapidl}-,  especiaOy  that  with  Chile  and  Ar- 
gentina, salmon  being  the  principal  kind  exported.  Of 
the  great  gain  made  in  exports  of  fishery  products  to 
Brazil  between  1890  and  1900,  about  one-half  has  been 
lost  nee  Uie  latter  year.  During  the  years  from  1 900 
l»  im  tlto  export  tnde  witb  Amk  Ooeaiiia»  aiid  Afiiea 
aim  needed  £rcmi  tbe  IqfiMnlw  mark  of  1900. 

JmporU. — The  aggregate  value  of  fishery  products 
imp<Nrted  into  the  United  States  in  1908  was 
$13,135,724,  of  which  amount  the  sum  of  $12,292,770 
represents  the  value  of  food-fish  imports,  including 
AelMMh  Herring,  the  chief  article  imported,  sup- 
pfied  20  p«  cent  of  the  latter  Taloe.  Hie  proportitHis 
tfcei  etlitr  leading  commoditieewpneeBted  of  the  total 
Talue  of  the  food-fish  imports  QnchidH]^  shellfish)  were  i 
as  follows:  Anchovies  and  sardines,  packed  in  oil  or 
otherwise  treated,  IS  per  cent;  fresh  fish,  14  per  cent; 
canned  or  preserved  mackerel.  12  per  cent;  lobsters, 
11  per  cent;  and  preserved  cod,  haddock,  hake,  and 
filedc,  7  p«  enH.  Tim  time  eoauBodHies,  together 

vitk  kariiif  ,  aoeooit  lor  83  pw  etHi  of  tile  totol  Tihie 

9i  food-fish  and  sheOfi^  naqports. 

The  bulk  of  the  herring  product,  97  per  cent,  was 
pickled  or  salted  and  of  the  quantity  thus  treated,  37 
per  cent  came  from  the  Netherlands  and  a  shghtly 
greater  proportion,  which,  however,  was  of  smaller 
^ilMy  fnm  tiM  IMtedKingdom.  AnclioTiesandsar- 
dnee,  pedoed  m  oil  or  olhwwiM  tnated,  eame  duefly 
from  Nanny  and  FVanoe.  The  raloe  of  fresh  fish  im- 
ported was  more  than  twenty  times  that  of  the  fresh 
fish  exported.  The  most  important  source  of  supplies 
of  these  latter  imports  was  Canada,  which  also  formed 
the  principal  market  for  our  fresh  fish  exports. 

Of  Telne  reported  lor  nadDerel,  42  per  cent  rep-- 
nMte  BBports  fimn  the  United  Kingd<Hn,  and  34  per 
cent  imports  from  Norway.  Lobsters  were  brou^t 
chiefly  from  Canada,  while  a  substantial  quantity  came 
from  British  South  Africa.  Preserved  cod,  haddock, 
hake,  and  pollack  were  imported  chiefly  from  Canada. 

The  proportions  which  the  specified  kinds  of  imports 
km  represented  of  the  tolal  food-fiah  imports  have 
Imb  BMriy  tiie  atne  hi  pnviom  yean,  altikou^  her- 
nag  has  gained  somewhat  more  repidly  than  any  of - 
the  other  classes  of  fishery  products.  Not  one  <rf  the 
classes  of  food-fish  products  for  which  statistics  are 
presented  shows  a  decrease  in  importation  in  1908,  as 
compared  with  1890. 

Im  rapeei  to  whale  and  &h  oil,  in^wrts  horn  New- 
haiHaiiil  mad  Letrador  led,  hut  the  hicnne  m  the 
value  of  the  imports  from  Norway  is  to  be  noted,  as 
ia  thdr  high  grade.  The  growth  of  such  imports  from 
Jepa^  was  abo  n^markable.  The  value  of  the  total 


FNITED  STATES,  1^. 

inportatkm  of  qx»geB,  of  wbkh  77  per  cent  rapn- 

sents  the  value  of  sponges  obtained  from  the  Britudl 
West  Indies  and  Cobay  was  len  in  1908  tiian  in  eithw 

1890  or  1900. 

Canada  supplied  the  greatest  value  of  imports  of 
fishery  products,  contributing  37  per  cent  of  the  total 
in  1908,  the  same  prop<»ti(m  in  1900,  and  51  per  cent 
in  1890.  Importa  liroin  Enrope  funidied  54  per  cent 
of  the  value  of  the  imports  m  1908;  but  the  European 
country  which  led  in  this  respect,  the  United  King- 
dom, though  ranking  second  to  Canada,  supplied  im- 
ports valued  at  less  than  half  of  the  value  of  the 
Canadian  product.  The  value  of  imports  from  the 
United  Kh^dom  formed  17  per  cent  of  the  total 
Tahie  ci  our  imports  ni  jfishery  produets  iaholh  1906 
and  1900  and  9  per  cent  in  1890. 

Norway  and  Sweden,  next  in  importance,  supplied 
15  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  imports  in  1908, 
and  the  Netherlands  9  per  cent.  The  value  of  the 
imports  from  the  Netherlands  formed  in  1908  about 
the  same  proportion  of  the  total  value  as  in  1900,  but 
a  dightly  larger  proportion  than  in  1890,  while  for 
Norway  the  increase  shown  was  more  rapid  than  for 
any  of  the  other  leading  countries.  Of  the  total  value 
of  imports  from  Norway  and  Sweden  in  1908, 
$1,927,412  represents  the  value  of  importations  from 
Norway  and  $95,874  that  of  importations  from  Sweden. 

While  imports  from  Canada,  the  United  Kingdom, 
Norway  and  Sweden  combined,  and  tibe  Netheriands 
have  increased  in  raloe  abeolntdy  and  ralatiydy  since 
1890,  those  from  France  have  lost  both  in  absolute 
and  in  relative  value  since  1900.  The  imports  from 
Belgium  and  the  West  Indies  have  also  fallen  off  in 
value  since  1900.  The  values  credited  to  these  three 
countries  in  1908  are,  however,  greater  than  the  cor- 
responding figures  lor  1890.  In  1890  imports  ttom 
France  ranked  seccmd  in  rahie,  those  from  Canada 
being  first.  In  1900  the  former  were  surpassed  only  by 
those  from  the  United  Kingdom  and  Canada;  while  in 
1908  France  ranked  fifth.  This  loss  of  position  was  due, 
especially,  to  a  decrease  in  the  importation  of  sardines. 

The  great  increase  in  the  value  of  the  Norwegian 
imports  was  made  up  largely  oi  incieasM  in  the  Tafaie 
of  anchoviee,  as  well  as  in  tiie  rahiea  at  madrarel  and 
miscellaneousfish.  FSckled  or  salted  li^rring  accounted 
chiefly  for  the  increase  in  value  shown  for  the  United 
Kingdom,  but  there  was  also  a  large  gain  in  the  value 
of  imports  of  miscellaneous  fish  from  that  country. 
The  increase  in  the  value  of  Canadian  imports  was 
common  to  all  commodities  except  dried  at  smoked 
honing,  but  was  most  prtmounced  in  the  case  of  freah 
fish,  preserved  cod,  haddock,  hake,  mA  pffiHtfJr,  ttiaeil* 
laneous  wlifJlfish^  end  lobstcBk 


EXPOBTS  AND  IMPORTS. 

TAata  1.— KXPOMB  OP  DOMESnC  FISHERY  PRODUCTS:  1906, 1900,  AND  IflW. 


291 


■IVD  or  PRODUCT. 


Total. 


1,777,718 

3,385,573 
858,052 
174,053 


rwi:  ■ 

Salmon— 

oto^*!!::::::::::::  •   2s,m,m 

AHotber—  ' * 

Tnab  

Dried,  snKdwd,  and  ourad— 

Cod,  haddoA,  liake.  ud  pollMdc  

Ail'^S;'  

Pickled—  " 

Mackerel  

Another.. 
CamMd 

Shellfish:  ••  " 

AiTothe^: ::::::::::::  

OOier  fishery  productB: 

FishoU..:.  _ 

y^^^j^.^^* •••••••••*•••••"•-•.••••.-.....-.--..,,  .......  .. 

Wlialataw. 

B^MMIM  .-».  ,  _  

Sff5SSr;::"::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;:;:;:;;;;;;;;; 


•306,439 
« 18,507 
63,167 
247,518 


VakM. 


I6.166,l» 


2.438,518 
1,648,044 

87,379 

179,987 
31,575 
8,055 

16,877 
68,148 
158,879 
12,532 

668.832 
281,756 

93,261 
8.14ti 
210.444 
168.426 

90.334 


18M 


27,082,370 

1,557,005 

9,739.573 
3, 7(>ti.  K97 
963,774 


>  795,642 
'60,214 
196,001 
71,642 


VakM. 


96,10,  ua 


2.693 

535. 


648 

276 


59.734 


404 

82, 
56, 

14. 

99. 

m. 

UK). 

807, 
416, 

184, 
24, 

494, 
32, 
24. 


212 
407 
684 

352 
«27 
-44 

786 

243 
212  I 

403 
7(i6 
276 
199 
044  I 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


28,781,601 

1,043, 162 

17.030,019 
.■J.M4,704 
1,515,790 


>,  '  1.844.041 
»  lti2,5*..'i 
190,484 


ValM 


3,259,344 

48,086 

79.J.  IMJ 
83,968 

ut,m 


837.239 

m,m 

'440.773 
<  124.601 

705.500 
25,298 

194.907 


•  Gallons. 


>  Includes  whale  oil. 


•l^anaaiL  Whale oU included wUto Mi oU. 


TABiat  2.-VALUE  OF.  EXPORTS  OF  0<niSSTIO  FISHERY  PRODUCTS,  BY  OOUNTRY  TO  WHICH  SXPOBTID- 

1908,  1900,  AND  1890. 


AS  floiioMH> 

Europe  


Oermany  

United  Klnt^dom. 




North  America  

Canada,  Newfoundlaad,  and  Lataadar'.IIIIIIIIIi;; 

Central  America  , 

West  Indies  

Cuba  ■  

Other  islands  

,    An  other  oooMh  

■oo^  Anwriw  

Brazil   . 

Chile   : 

An  other  countries    

Oceania  

AMra  

CooaMei,  Waada.  and  parti  oot  aqporied'  aepaiatabr .' 


VMVK  or  cxKHifa  or  noMEsnc 
FISHEBT  faoDoon. 


MM 

$<i.  If*;.  19.S 

$6,163,113 

17,336.993 

3.604,806 

3,533,9~5 

4,82n.r'0 

1.520,674 

574,144 

650,290 

1.597,760 

2.489,488 

3,849,099 

486,363 

470.343 

321,«0B 

1.084.384 

1.094.720 

l.2l^m6 

454,291 

510,062 

228.067 

177,699 

44.880 

6. ',935 

163,853 

66, 577 

39.379 

271,325 

467,039 

887,130 

73,054 

90,163 

56.006 

198,271 

376,876 

831,136 

17,216 

162 

375 

658,904 

455,978 

275,808 

100,907 

45,296 

30,826 
n.22S 

77,790 

155,039 

316,760 

89.888 

33,336 

163,447 

165,766 

200,481 

141,176 

284,374 

2S4.WI 

615,318 

683,408 

aw,  779 

61.606 

110,  MB 

FISHERIES  OF  TOE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 

Table  3.-IMP0RTS  OF  FISHERY  PRODUCTS,  BY  KIND  AND  COUNTRY  FROM  WHICH  IMPORTED:  1908,  1900,  AND  1890. 


MM  other  (except  shellfl^. 

Canada  

All  other  countries. 


Cond  or  preaerved. 


Norwsj. 

Frsnce   

Portugal..  

Italy  

Spain  

Lnited  Kingdom. 


An  otber  coantries. 


CM,  haddock,  hake,  and  poUack,  dried, smoked, salted,  or  pickled . 

Canada  

NcwtwindhMid  and  Labrador  


or 


IMS 


r 


Quantity 
(poimds). 


1,140,381 
1,140,381 


15.831.&10 
12,959,677 
1,819,577 
901,335 
105.000 
45,951 

73,163,909 
2,035,135 
1,090,734 
799,828 


IMUed  or  salted . 
Netherlands. 
Uaitedl 
Norway. 

Sweden    

("jn^i.ij  

Newfoundland  and  Labrador  

Germany  

All  other  countries  


:erel.piekled 
I'nited  Klaad 
Norway 

Sweden  

Canada  

Nctikerlaads 


on.  pickM«ri 

Canada  

Newfoundland  and  Labrador. 
All  other  cmintries  


I  other  (except 

United  " 
Canada 

Norway  

Japan.'.  

Germany... 


Vakw. 


75,524 


7um,m 

36,388,077 

27,326,546 
9,350,233 
512.440 
5,170.3*4 
1.904,470 
413,990 
82,674 

20,966,801 

9,997,749 
5,403,247 
577,258 
3,277,799 
1,650,180 
33,400 
17,258 

1,079,168 
1,017,884 
56,700 
4,584 


Lobster. 

Canada  

British  .Siinh  Africi  

Knrfoundiand  and  Labrador. 


Afinpand4 

Canada...... 

Japan  

West  Indies, 
kong.. 


8,212,945 
8,063,752 
-  136,173 
6,310 

7,m 


1,772, 164 
120,032 
120,032 


1,652,132 
1,639,946 
12,186 

8,671,876 
2,219,549 
772,411 
761,660 
318,290 
121,250 
66,874 
62,994 
31,153 
24,078 
60,821 

870,757 
679,237 
93.499 
86,285 
9,022 
2,714 

2,479,273 
67,788 
31,055 
31,211 
2,760 
1,986 
763 

2,411,485 
1,030,863 
1,006,368 
209,826 
12,652 
105,524 
29,309 
14,254 
2,689 

1,439,359 

608,679 
488, 195 
51,322 
209,782 
78, 192 
1,756 
1,433 

109,849 
106,629 
3,003 
217 

1,553,080 
394,781 
294,695 
214,487 
162,310 
138,857 
128,625 
219,334 

1,401,449 

1,375.315 
22.879 
1,504 
1,751 

333,606 
135.958 
90,515 
29,430 
22,182 
22.106 
17,449 
15,906 

113,675 
62,365 
22,721 
13,907 
6,706 
4,US 


1960 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


1,199,079 
1,195.922 
3,157 


UIO 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


14,395,483 
9,885,426 
1,916,167 
«  671,946 
43,525 
1,878,419 

36,374,217 
5,1.W,81,'} 
4,605.1.33 
69,123 
209,322 
138,710 
1U,S16 

31,243,404 
12.191,397 

8,960,272 
»  5,352,369 

"3,'35i,'547 
943.545 

356,888 
87,386 

18,546,554 
13,00,682 
I  3,273, 8r 


2,054,621 
676,971 
1,400 
9,363 

736,658 
404,397 
331,661 
600 


7,497,227 
7,328,853 
143,815 
17,419 
7,140 


iB,»6,m 


1,245,542 
115.069 
114,880 
189 

1,130,473 
1,126,486 

3,975 

5,181,275 
1,483,768 
156,247 
1,180,125 
110,434 
29.059 
2,363 
20,469 
51,965 
6,909 
17,197 

543, 172 
351,564 

82,676 
>  43,048 
2,724 

63,160 

1,482,568 
127,555 
107,800 
3,661 
12,043 
» 1,037 
3,014 

1,355,013 
674.665 
375, 580 
» 199,327 

""57,'4i6 
23,169 
21,491 
3.359 

1,276.900 
866,440 
1333,943 


853,963 
853,963 


41,727,190 
40,372,180 

1,355,010 


12,750,312 
8,642,981 
2,249,062 
1 108,750 


140,927 
45,805 
60 
725 

54,236 
29,608 
24,587 
41 

340,631 
51,467 
63,465 

185,926 
3,077 
25,962 
10.733 

100,001 

031,219 
915,360 
10,993 
3,431 
1,436 

62,416 
16,345 

3,804 

3,573 
5,278 
11,565 
15,794 
6,056 

(») 


1,749,490 

31,590,573 
6,502,573 
5,608,964 
96.670 
10,130 
»  701,288 
85,521 

25,088,000 
7.893.200 
2,035,000 

>  5,541,800 

'V,m,m 

2,806,600 
2,158,200 
46,400 

14,087,400 
4,782,400 
1609,000 


8,567,600 


3,000 
125,400 

780,200 
395,400 
393,800 


Vatae. 


880,203 
88,648 
88,60 


791,555 
765,787 
25,768 

3,710,382 
728,108 
1  14,415 
625,109 
20,060 
7,007 


35,454 
11,953 
5,664 
8,446 

409,388 
290,362 
76,710 


36,764 

1,021,962 
140,144 
107,611 
S,8SI 
448 
127,173 
l,8fll 

8n,n8 

470,133 
73,113 
1117,100 

'**'88'2i8 

58,056 
73, 107 
2,091 

1,010,670 
«M,9B8 

i<"  — 


473, 105 
7,8S 
357,4« 

1  17,474 

1,076 
13.158 

3,716 
72,410 

568,150 
«1,382 


76^016 


131,  M6 
166,» 

50 
1,540 
1.420 
10,015 

a»aai 


RTS  AND  IMPORTS. 


Tabm  8<— imports  of  FISHERY  PRODUCTS,  BY  KIND  AND  COUNTRY  FROM  WHICH  IMPORTED:  1908.  1900.  AND 

189»-0(mtiira8d. 


■DID  or  nmvct  Am  ootnmtT  noM  inDoi  nn«M»KD. 


Whale  and  tAoQ.  

NewfooadlMid  and  Labrador. 

Norway  

Japan  

Canada  

United  Kiocdam  

Germany. 
AD  otter  < 


Whalebone  

Asiatic  Russia. 
United] 


SpoDge  

BritisliWcatladiea. 

Cuba.  

United  Kingdwn  

Greece  

ABaCtoeoratriet... 


Quantity 
(pounds). 


> 1,221,065 

573.019 
254.790 
221,993 
140,  .555 
20,823 
9,006 
877 

9.0FA 
8*699 
166 


I1IIOBT8  or  ra 


tr  nMMnicn. 


Value. 


8408,113 

154,663 
l.'B,H73 
47,722 
:{5. 24:i 
11,411 
4,683 
S18 

43,633 
43,560 
73 

391,206 
174,961 

125,779 
50,827 
26,190 
U,4H 


MM 

Quantity 
(pounds). 

Value. 

(pMBdteT 

Tatae. 

■851,372 

204,213 
'265.710 
40 

349.556 
2,434 
27,529 
1,800 

8273,367 

48,339 
*  133,938 
10 

76.170 
1,121 

i3,in 

8M 

•  267,379 
11.578 
» 147.824 
0.:«Kt 
67.  M7 
4,293 
26,397 
3,140 

lt,Ott 

»5,4M 

2,730 
*  66,977 

1,828 
12,857 
1,603 
8,641 
901 

n,m 

C) 

416,711 

m.m 

26,741 
115,206 
48,131 

8M,303 
293,016 

133.033 
79,466 
18,135 

13,6a 



::::  

...  .:  

iQallaaB. 


>  Norroy  and  Sweden. 


*  Not  reported. 


Table  4.— VALUE  OF  IMPORTS  OF  FISHERY  PRODUt  TS,  BY  COUNTRY  FROM  WHICH  IMPORTED:  1908,  1900,  AND  1880. 


oomnsT  rsoH 


nirancD. 


All 

Europe . 


United  Kingdom.... 
Norway  and  Sweden , 

Netherlands  

France  

Portugal  

Italy  

Germany  

Spain  

Belgium  

All  other  countries . . . 


North  America . 


Canada  

West  Indies  

Newfoundland  and  htbuOat , 
Mexico  ■.*.••.....•.•.. ........ 


Asia. 


Japan   

Hongkong , 
Chinese  £mpli« .. 
AMC'  - 


Africft 

South  Amote.... 
Oueania.. 


porta  not  acpmrtdy  rapartad . 


VALUK  or  mroms  or  mHSBv  pkoddcbil 


IMS 

613.136,734 

88,230.121 

86,816,38« 

7,136,849 

4,430,482 

2,ia,m 

2,170,057 
2,023,286 
1,162,712 
788,711 
346.646 
253.2(.l 
191.207 
85.737 
31.587 
73.645 

1,400,280 

753.838 

758.678 
l,19(i.Ni2 
110.434 
39,939 
70,914 
2,690 
56.144 
30.703 

551,423 

287,  .150 

479.388 

2(1.  (H» 
12,696 

87 
13,866 

66,oa« 

5.4S5.447 

3,720.942 

S,667.8» 

4,797,i;0 
343,857 
an,  982 
47.806 
3,730 

3,000,678 
436,686 
189,737 
3I,«M 

70,  m 

S,908,3H 

ar,8M 

483.769 

74,907 

66,110 

310,011 
63,912 
66,326 
83,630 

7,382 
21,181 
46,105 
839 

3.918 
9,618 
•,4M 
18 

■2i.m 

12.460 

14,783 

2n 

1,102 
3» 

8 

3I,6M 

II 


APPENDICES 


Appendix  A.— THE  FISHERIES  OF  ALASKA  IN  1908. 
Appendix  B.— SCHEDULES: 

SHORE  AND  BOAT  FISHERIES. 

VESSEL  FISHERIES. 

PACKING  HOUSES  AND  CANNERIES. 


Appendix  G.— INSTRUCTIONS  TO  SPECIAL  AGENTS. 


« 


APPENDIX  A, 


THE  FISHERIES  OF  ALASKA  IN  1908. 


By  liiUABD  C.  Mam,  Afwfc  at  tb«  Salnon 


«f  AiMka,  mad  Jma  N.  G(»b, 


SUMMARIZED  STATISTICS. 


Afl  in  the  reports  for  previous  years,  the  District  of  Alaska  is  con- 
■  ade>«d  in  ^  four  geogimphie  Mction  generally  recognized,  as 
follows:  Southeast  Alaska,  embzscin!;  all  that  narrow  atrip  of  main- 
land, and  the  numerous  islands  adjacent,  from  Portland  Canal 
Borlliweslward  to  and  including  Yakutat  Bay;  central  Alaska,  the 
region  on  the  Pacific,  or  Boatb  Hde,  bom  Yakutat  Bay  weatwaid, 
including  the  Aleutian  chain;  western  Alaska,  the  shores  of  Bering 
Sea,  and  islands  in  this  sea;  and  arctic  Alaska,  from  tWing  Stndt 
to  liie  Ganadian  border. 

With  the  exception  of  arctic  Alaska  and  a  portion  of  weatem 
Alaska,  practically  all  of  the  fishing  localities  were  visited  by  one  or 
the  other  of  the  agents.  Statistics  of  the  yield  of  fur  seals  from  the 
Pribilof  Islands  were  <4»taiMd  through  Hm  coatUmy  ol  tiie  agent  at 
the  fur  seal  islands,  while  figures  for  the  other  aquatic  furs  (except 
the  coast  fur  seals  and  sea  otter)  and  skins,  also  the  whalebone  and 
wabw  iTOty,  were  obtuned  from  tlie  customhouse  records  at 
Juneau.  Considerable  commercial  fishing  is  carried  on  in  the 
Yukon  River  and  its  tributaries,  where  fish  wheels,  nets,  and  spears 
are  employed,  but  unfortunately  it  has  been  found  impossible 
■0  iar,  owing  to  the  ■bort  time  available  eadi  semon  and  1^  few 
agents  employed,  to  extend  the  inspection  work  over  this  large 
r^on,  or  to  secure  data  showing  the  extent  of  the  fisheries  there. 

Aa  in  pwykMis  yean,  by  far  tbe  greater  part  of  liie  fishery  prod- 
ucts of  Alaska  are  marketed  outside  the  district,  but  a  steadily  in- 
creasing local  demand  is  noticeable,  especially  in  the  caae  of  the 
llitterto  BomeiHiat  neglected  minor  species. 

PERSONS  ENGAGED. 

The  number  of  persons  engaged  in  the  fisheries  of  Alaska  in  1908 
was  13,337,  ol  whom  4,976  were  engaged  directly  in  fishing,  7,740 
in  the  canneries,  salteries,  and  at  other  diore  wturk,  and  621  emplt^ed 
on  the  tianaporting  vemels.  Thia  total  ia  a  gain  of  W6  over  tiie 


number  employed  in  1907.  The  far  t  that  the  fishermen  art  aa 
sailors  on  the  transporting  ships  to  and  from  the  salmon  canneriea 
and  salteries  explaina  1h»  email  number  of  tranapottew  dwwB  in 
the  table.  Owing  to  the  impossibility  of  the  agents  visiting  aictic 
Alaska  in  the  limited  open  season,  thus  making  JU  difficult  to  secure 
aocnrate  data,  no  attenpt  has  been  made  to  show  the  number  of 
men  employed  and  the  investment  in  the  fisheriea  ef  tim  ngl 
althovg^  cotain  of  the  products  are  shown  in  the  pnqsar  taUe. 

Penons  engaged  in  tlw  Alaska  fiahtrieM  m  1908. 


OCCUPATION  AMD  BACK. 


Fishermen: 
Whites... 
Indiana.. 
Japaaeae. 

•MA... 


Shoresmen: 
Whites... 
lodiaiH.. 
Chinese.. 
Japanese. 


Total. 


Transporters: 


TbUL  

Qfand  total. 


SaaOMMrt 

Central 
Alaska. 

Western 
Alaska. 

1  TotaL 

1,193 
1,288 
27 

103 

1,554 
1» 

1 
1 

3,410 
1,530 
27 

s,su 

7B6 

1,092 

4,976 

m 

886 
785 

307 
165 
383 
374 

1,003 
430 
8W 

i,ao8 

1,829 
1,481 
2,0U 
i,4U 

t,m 

7,7m 

263 
40 

144 
3 

m 

7 

49 

m 

146 

172 

621 

?,ltt 

INVESTMENT. 


The  total  investment  in  the  fisheries  was  $10,319,784,  an  increase 
ol  fl,10S,7S6  over  1907.  He  item  of  cash  capital  was  eliminated  in 
the  19M  ivport,  and  Hua  procedure  baa  beea  feBmMd  ever  i 


INVESTMENT  IN  THE  ALASKA  FISHERIES  IN  1908. 


aOOTHBASX  AUUKA. 


TOCAL. 


I  Number. , 


Fidiing  vessels: 

Steamers  and  laiuielMB 

Tonnage  

Satltaig  

Tonnage..  

Tnanorting  yeBsdK 
Stcamen  am]  ~ 

0^ ,.  Tonnage, ....  ...........................i..,,..., 

fF  ■■■'""■•■""••••••'•••""••"".•••......•.....•........•.-.•I 

n^j^  J-Ounage..  

Appanttn^  veawl  Ibberies: 

 , 

Guns...  . 

— V.  

Qun  and  haapoons  

>  Afgr^te  length  ot  2,400  yards. 


30 
475 

15 
176 

87 
1,808 
8 

7,MS 
1,»B 

4 

1 


1  Value. 

1 

Number. 

Value. 

Numbo-. 

^  Value. 

Number. 

i  1 

$171,815  1 

 M,'m' 

2 
01 

1  • 

!  

............ 

3.0 
476 
17 

237 

412,300  1 

27 
1,802 
IS 

13,310 
710 

239, 100 

4tl 
3,312 
28 
36,360 
941 

$710. 450 

160 
6,422 
49 

1886 

i»,«6  1 

396,300 

ti2»,400 

MSkl34  ; 

88,  MO 

2,800 

>4 
«1 

30 

310 
7.906  j 

ITS  1 

 io' 

360" 

t  Acfngi 

ite  length  of  3U0  yards. 

Value. 

8171, 8U 

i.asi.soo 
i,ii5,(io6 
""sw'oii 


2.800 
310 

7,905 
380 


flgaraXtlES  OF  TBE  UNITED  STATES, 

INVESTMENT  IN  THE  ALASKA  FISHERIES  IN  IMfr-Oontiiiaed. 


taux. 

Number. 

Value. 

1 

iNomlMr. 

Value. 

Numl^r. 

Value. 

Number. 

VataH. 

82 
126 
U7 
U 
» 
U 
1 
• 

S21,301 
39,464 
23,690 
14 

133,900 
20,100 
1,000 
9 
7 

5,848 
0 

44 

28 
42 
14 
21 
1 

tM,n5 

7,150 
3,300 

80,880 
1,500 

>  126 
M54 
•  143 
33 
86 
18 
1 
6 

102,825 
21 

181,075 
21,600 
l^flOO 

7 

8,718 
12 

8,682,061 

014 

875,835 

Trips,  stake    

14 

16,325 

8=^:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.::::;:::;^^ 

N 

• 

%m 

"2.'842,'073' 

10 

17 

 1 

2,fai,S88 

4,877,40» 

319, 784 

1 

The  total  quantity  of  products  was  217,813,415  pounds,  valued  at 
$11,847,443,  a  gain  of  39,455,114  pounds  and  $1,687,260  ovw  1907. 
Kxfgpt  for  {utilizer,  oil,  fuis,  and  hides,  the  we^^ts  are  round 
;  of  products  when  first  taken  from  the  water; 


<d  the  report.  Flounders,  pollock,  rock  cod,  ^liitefidif 
*ada—w—d«|»pMgitttitetBM»iBglh»iiwt  time  this  year.  Whale- 
bone and  walrus  ivory  are  the  only  products  reported  from  arctic 
Alaska.  As  has  been  stated,  it  was  found  an  impossibility  to  secure 
evm  appnsianto  data  as  to  the  penMH  MpfiA  « 
in  the  bimtag  ot  aquatic  animab  (eaetpt  MUeliir  i 
uMAiii— ■IwiWMtiieiMitiwfc.  : 


mil  lift 


IB  OF  MAtSKk  Wl 


Cobo,  or  silver  

Humpback,  or  pink.. 

KlBg.  or  spring  

Bed,  or  soekeye  


Cobo,  or 
Dog,  or  cbum.. 
KlQI,  or  spring. 
Bad,  or  soekeye 


Ha 

King,  ori 
Red,  or  < 
MOd-cufcd— 

Cobo,  or  sOrer  

Dog,  or  cbum  

Humpback,  or  piok.... 

Kb>c,  or  spring.  

Bed.  or  sockaya  

Urnlted- 


Coho,  orsflrer... 
Dos,  or  chum . . . 
Bad,  ocaoeka^. 


17,500 


18,000 
8,000 


33.887 
110.737 
5.245 
19,346 

3,420,093 
12.614,280 
41,484.660 
174.266 

a,m,m 


hi 


1S9,8«) 
32,940 
606,310 


38,880 
27,733 


180 

60  j 


813 
1.063 
126 
564 

194,318 

452.678 
1,589,412 

8B,4n 

4,898 
707 
17, 191 


ALASKA. 


5,358,399 
200 
21,800 


30,000 


U,O0O 
S,4Bt 

6,800 

12,000 


6,C 


808,010 


2,146,270 

H  *Sf^ 
I  Ml',481 

290,400 

27,000 


hi 


1,620 
663,400 


12 


28,500 
12.000 

36,666 


$131,953 
1,962 


1,200 


325 


▼ahJe. 


ISO 


48,172 


85,673 
27,040 
I,7M;M7 


750 


580,820 
2,681,630 
1,458,380 
1,087,680 


480 
19,480 


285 
1. 000 

3,666 


25,110 
162,000 
7,647,310 


133,704 

101,519 
58.294 
62,471 
4,928,919 


744 
6,333 
241,405 


TOTAL. 


Pounds. 


21,082 
20,250 

12,000 
5,360,066 
200 
22,100 

2,820 
27,000 
200 
7,500 

4,580,427 
958,360 
144,219 

763,730 
1,333,600 
2,700 

17,900 
7,650 

20,500 
600 


23,000 
8,000 
798,289 
58,500 

33,887 
110,737 
5,245 
19,345 


4, 
15, 
46, 

1, 
116, 


817,923 
296,910 
089,310 
661,065 
03^285 


1,880,700 


8, 


186,840 
32,940 
633,420 
163,620 
239,500 

27,733 
28,500 

12,000 
100 
36,000 


600 
132,178 
7 

1,990 

m 

700 
10 
225 

145,610 
25,104 
4,«0i 

5,330 
U^8» 


hi 


813 
1,063 


274,089 
664,197 
1,733,379 
99,867 

7,mt,m 

77, 8U 

6,648 
707 
17,935 
6,8U 
262,274 

416 

285 

1,000 

u 
8,on 


APPEMPDL 

PBODUCTS  OF  ALASKA  FISHBRIES  IN  1MS-Ck»tinved. 


9m 


leaevBib 

Vahie. 

Pounds. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Value. 

•almon  bellies  Mltad: 

Cobo,  or  nfw.. ....................... 

36,100 
111,160 
2,300^886 

8380 
600 
37,800 

181,480 

88,155 

= 

217,550 
111,150 
2,296,325 
45,600 
1,784,250 
16 

hm 

S2.200 
8,000 
8,880 

2,900 
80,681 

50 

1,496,000 
374,000 
1,066.400 

'819.000 
•204,750 
•1,232.850 
« 8,000 
•38.480 

•i,an 

TS.8M 

»3.332 
•160 

••92,580 

U  10  41fi 

83,535 
600 

28,140 
730 

38,388 
8 

•8 

1,990 
180 
488 

116 
082 

3 

24.000 
ti.OOO 
Iti.  126 

21,600 
5.400 

49.036 
360 
t,71S 

IS 

12,060 
7,050 

459,950 

:i  .i.V) 

Dog,  or  chum  

88,808 

480 

ITing.  or  snrinfiT   .  

46,600 
60,000 

8730 

1,060 

Bad,  Of  BQSkqra........... ............ 

39,200 
8,000 
•,800 

50 

1,496,000 
374.000 
1,066,400 

819.000 
204.750 
1,232,8.')0 
6,000 
»,M8 

748 
67 

hm 

188 
S 
68 

1,881 
188 

116 
982 
3 

24,000 
6,000 
16, 126 

21,600 
5,400 

49.036 
300 
475 

t,m 

119 

8,411 

i,6oi,666 

34,770 

TiDut: 

D^y  Varden— 

Fresh  

18,808 

688 

■Itt^iobO^^**    •••••••••••  ••••••••••••w 

Steelhead- 

Freah.... .............  . 

 1 





fertilizer: 



00: 

Satmoii...*... ...........  ..  ........ 

WlHto  

2,000 
17,400 

sa> 

888 

i,as7 

148 
804 

50 
2,300 

1,883 
880 

5.982 
6,300 

3,680 

Aquatic  Am  and  aUns: 

388 

8,844 

200 
15 

80,784 
14,706 

667 
750  . 

448,900 
2.408 

Mndoat  

Otter— 

Umd.  

1.002 

4.620 
3 

1.000 
10.209 
810 

8.390 
945 

3 

35 
2,259 
203 

18,748 

•8,888 

13  74.";  1            9  .IttS 

1,000 
88.640 

810 

202.7t>l 
203 

a,481 

 i 

TOM.  

89,635,468 

3,636,642  j 

38,280,750 

2.105,741  < 

88,821.024 

6.895,168  j 

67. 173 

209.892 

217, 8U,  416 

11,847,448 

1  Represents  109,200  gallons.  •  Represents  8,800  crabs.  '  •  Represents  32  skins. 

•  Represents  27,300  ^ons.  •  Represents  1,280  skfais.  >*  Represents  15,430  sUiM. 

•  Bapnaaatal64^Wg^nia.  f  Represents  81^  sMna.  u  K^rajMata  6,472  aUM. 


APPENDIX  B 


SCHEDULES. 


SHOftE  AMD  BOAT  HSHEMtS. 

[  AllBboTe  and  boat  fisbeiies  must  be  mported  on  this  schedule.  If  packing 
houses  or  canneries  are  operated  under  t  hp  samp  ownership,  a  report  sboula 
alsobeniadeon.Sche<luie  EE:J— 249.   Vessel  fisheries  should  not  I 
ia  tbit  R^oct  but  sbould  be  reported  on  Schedule  EE2-248.1 


operating  the  fishery. 


Washington,  D.  C,  January  4, 1909. 
a>  1—  7,  HW,  Mrthorlf  the  Director  ol  the  Census.  In  co<q^ 

rrtuiiied  on  thb  adwdalK  dMrii  eow  tto  boilMH  ymr  most 


t  to  the  year  ending  DecMBberM.  1 
a  fixed  time,  sixh  as  cash  on  hand  and  values  of] 
tbe  b>t*""<"e  of  the  year  covered  by  the  report. 

rer$  leill  be  held  ateointely  eonfidential.  No  publieation  will  be  made  in  the 
;  tlw  apanttaw  «f  ladMtab  or  eQBQHin  Ja  my  par- 


Extract  from  act  of  Congress,  Mareh  3,  1899: 

SnmON  22.—  »  *  *  "And  every  president,  treasurer,  secretary,  director,  agent, 
rotlwr  officer  of  every  corporation,  and  every  establishment  of  productive  industry, 
r  oooducted  as  a  corporate  body,  limited  Uability  company,  or  by  private 
,  from  which  answers  to  any  of  tbe  schedules,  inquiries,  or  statistical 
ie>  provided  for  by  this  act  are  herein  required,  who  shall,  if  thereto 
Ihy the EMreetor . super v bur, enumerator, orspecial agent ,  willfully  neglect 
or  refuse  to  trive  true  and  complete  answers  to  any  inquiries  authorized  by  this  act, 
or  shall  willfully  give  false  information,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon 
MwMaBtbenoj^^l^b^^  thoosaiKldoUars,  to  which  may 

CESnnCATB. 

This  is  to  ecrt^  that  the  information  ctmtalned  in  this  adiediilB  is  complete  and 
t*  tke  best  af  my  knoihedCB  and  belief  .andeawnttapaiM  tnm.  


I  agent.) 


(Signatora  a(  tlw  ] 


I  be  answered; 
1 1*  made,  write  the  word  "  None.' 

U  CAPITAL  INVESTED— OWNED  AND  BORROWED:  The  answer  most 
'  the  total  amoont  of  coital ,  both  owned  and  borrowed.  All  tbe  items  of 
1  Uve  capital  may  be  taken  at  the  amounts  carried  on  the  books.  If 
Uiagsare  rented,  that  fact  should  be  stated  and  thevaluegiven.  The 
I  items  of  live  capital,  bills  receivable,  unsettled  ledger  accounts, 
'iflBtead,atc.,Asiilab«giTcaiaaofttMtlM|iBBiBg 


Vdm. 

S  

Gunner   nets,  cimner 

Dip  nets  

DradfBB,  tongs,  rakes, 

grabs,  shovels  

Beam  irawls,attcrtrawl8 

Fireanns,  fHi^  lUlaa, 

Fykonala,  boon  net*  

(MO) 


Gill  nets,  drift  nets,  set 

nets,alalwaet8.  

Haipoon8,speara,  eel  gigs 
Wafll  mi  ottwfftf 


bar. 


Lotatarpotssnd  traps. . . 

Otter  and  muskrat  traps 
Pannsella  neta   


weirs  

Reef  nets.. 


Spongeapparatos,  hooks, 
water  glasses,  and  div- 


Stop  nets  

Trammel  nets. 


Vakia. 


W  heels  and  slides. 


Num- 
ber. 


Land,  buildings,  machinery, 
tools,  implements,  and  all 
Used  capital  fur  wMdi  aep»- 

rate  values  are  not  given  

Oaah,  bills  receivable,  onaattled 


re- 


hand,  and  sunMM 
ported  above  


Total  

(B  more  than  one  blank  is 
•Bedoatiortfaaaaaaa  individ- 

'I  nal  or  company,  the  last  two 
items  may  be  reported  on  one 
) 


Vatat. 


2.  PROPRIETORS,  FIRM  MEMBEBS,  UHD  INDEPENDENT  FISHER- 
MEN: Number  

Uan^  af  the  iHopriatais  4 


ibeis  leportad  almve] 
 •   iNombar. 


3.  gMiAKiro 


4.  WACT-XABMSBS  (not  indoding  employees 

Nnmbar* 

IPotal  amount 
Midin  wages 

t  

Estimated  cost  of  pnnriaioaa  auppUed  to  employeea 

QUANTITY  AND  VALUE  OF  YEAR'S  CATCH:  R^MMrt  all  fishery  prod- 
ucts, including:  a()uatic  mammals,  reptiles,  shellfish,  sponges,  etc.,  taken  during 
the  year.   Give  jthe  name  and^total  ^uantitf  ^d  value  of  each  sjgecies  caught 


by  each  kind  of  i 
estimated,  giro  f 
isoaed. 


laolto 


Pounds. 

Value. 
S  

Pound*. 

Value. 
%  

Pounds. 

Value. 
%  

Pounds. 

Value. 
%  

-  1 

Remarks:. 


APPENDIX. 


301 


VESSEL  FISHERIES. 

[All  vessel  fisheries  must  be  reported  on  this  schedule.  If  packing 
houses  or  canneries  are  operated  under  the  same  ownership,  a  report  should 
also  be  made  on  Schedule  E  E3-249.  Shore  and  boat  fisheries  should  not  be 
inetaded  in  ttiis  report,  but  should  be  reported  on  Sekadnl*  BBIpM.] 


Name  of  company  or  individual  for  whom  this  report  is  made. 

Poat  office  (give  city,  street,  and  nnmbar)  

Oeanty  State  

Mamarfvaaad  Netl 

JbriHof  port  


na  act  of 


WAsmrofoa,  D.  C.,  Jmrnmrg  4, 1909. 
of  Tom  7.  U06,  aiitlwriiea  the  Director  of  the  Census,  In 

I  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries,  to  take  a  census  of  the  fishing  industry 
The  infRmstim  returned  on  this  schedule  should  cover  the  business  year 
most  nearly  conforming  to  the  year  ending  December  31,  1908.        questions  that 
require  a  fixed  time,  such  as  cash  on  hand  and  values  of  property,  should  be  of  the 
date  of  the  beginning  of  the  year  covered  by  the  report. 

AU  SMWcr*  wiUbeheld  abtolute^  con/UaiM.  No  pahlleatfcm  witt  be  made 
i>  Ctnaw  npacts  diaelesbv  ttie  epeiMleiis  of  iBdifitarito  ar  ooi^^eBias  in  aa^ 
prtieaiar,  mmi tta  tii^mtMn  wMtt  wui  na^/mmmmimi  f  rpawi  ftt  tMA 
M  wot  given. 

The  canvass  will  be  made  nntliT  tiM  wy  >Hia»  af  Mr.  W.  If.  Maawt,  ebiaf 

statistician  for  manuteotores. 

8.  X.  I).  XOETH, 

  Director  of  tke  OnwM. 

Extract  from  act  of  Ck>ngress,  March  3, 1899: 

Section  22.—   ♦  ♦  *  "And  every  president,  treasure',  secretary,  director, 

agent,  or  other  officer  of  every  corporation,  and  every  establishment  of  productive 
industry,  wtiether  conducti'.i  as  a  corporate  body,  limited  liability  company,  or 
by  private  mdividuals,  from  which  answers  to  any  of  the  schedules,  inquiries,  or 
statistical  interrogatories  provided  for  by  this  act  are  herein  required,  who  shall, 
if  thereto  requested  by  the  Director,  supervisor,  enumerator,  or  special  a^ent,  will- 
fully neglect  or  refuse  to  give  true  and  complete  answers  to  any  inquit  ies  authorised 
by  this  act,  or  diall  willfiiUy  give  &lse  infannation,  aball  be  guilty  of  a  ouidemauor . 
-r-*  Trrrn  rrr-'t'^ii  .f-trrif  ihall  tin  flinrl  nnt  umiaillmYiMi  fimiiiiil  '  " 


This  Is  to  certify  that  the  information  contained  in  this  schedule  is  complete  and 
correct  to  the  best  of  my  knowledge  and  belief,  and  covers  tbe  period  from 

 (in..,  to.  ,110... 


(MiMtara  of  special  agent.) 


(Wgnnture  of  the  person 
itbeiirfamrtiafc) 


Kech  qoeation  ahoold  be  iiiuiifnil,  I 
flan  be  made,  write  the  word  "None." 

L  CAPITAL  INVESTED-OWNED  AND  BOBMnrBD:  The  answer  must 
dww  the  total  amountof  capital,  both  owned  and  borrowed.  All  the  items  of 
flaeaaad  Itvecaiiital  may  lie  taken  at  the  amounts  carried  on  the  books.  If  land 
or  bondlngB  ara  noted,  or  vessels  are  chartered,  that  fact  should  be  stated  and 
the  value  pvan.  Tbe  value  of  all  items  of  live  cartel,  bills  neaivabla.  i» 
settled  ledfsr  aeooants,  materials,  products,  and  cash  <m  hamd,  ate.,  riMeM  be 
givao  asof  tfw  beginning  of  the  busineaa  year  svartad. 


Outfit  (provisions,  ftiel, 

salt,  ice,  bait)  

Beam  trawls,  otter  trawls 
Dredges,  tonga,  boea, 
rakes,  forks,  nippers, 
scrapes,  grabs,  shovels. 

Selpota  and  traps  , 

guns,  flflea, 

»guns  

Vylw  Beta,  hoop  neta. .. . 
CHil  nets,  drift  neta,  set 

nets,  stake  nets  , 

Harpoons,  spears  


Lines— hand,  trawl,  and 

aet  

IiSbatcrpoUaBd 
FanoseDsoeta... 


Num- 
ber. 


xzxx 


Valne. 


Purse  seinea. 

SpongeanwratnStbsoks, 
water  glaases,  and  div- 
ing equipment  

Trammel  nets  

Trap 


Num- 
ber. 


Land,  bolldings,  machinery, 
tools,  inqtlnaanta,  and  all 
fixed  capital,  tor  which  sepa- 
rate values  are  not  given  

Clash,  bills  receivable,  unsettled 
ledger  accounts,  materisla  on 
hand,  and  smdrias  mt  re- 
ported above......  

Total  

(If  more  than  one  blank  is  filled 
out  for  the  same  individual  or 
company,  tbe  last  two  items  may 
be  reported  oo  OBS  blaak.) 


Value. 


&  PBOPBIBTOBS,  FIBH  MBMBBB8,  AMD  INDBPSHDSMT 
MEN:  Nnmbar  

naoyof  ttM  propilBlan  er  Ann  members  i^ortsd 
were  not  psnaaalty  eaMBdlaMiii«,gtvstte 
aotseaogsgad: 

a.  8ALABIBD  KMPLOYBBS:  Nobar.  „ 

(Mtetod  eOoan,  ma^an,  etata.  ete.) 


«.  WAOBj^OWroa ^^M<^ yai^  emplsyijaB 

Total  amount 
paid  in  wages 
during  year. 

Staoresmen(not  indoding  employeea  of  pecking  houses) 
Titfmslad  oast  of  jswiaieiiB  auppMad  to  employeea  (n 
ctododiBweM)  

ottobe  to- 

6,  (lUANTITY  AND  VALUE  OF  YEAR'SCATCH:  Report  ail  fisherv  products, 
including  aquatic  mammals,  reptiles,  «hiJHUit,  spoi^aa,  etc.,  taken  during  the 
year.  Give  tbe  name  and  total  quantity  and  TataeafeediRMcies  caught  br 
sschklndofsapsiBtui.  If fiw "niniimla  la asl I iw eil iiawiiS liii iSiSmIsiI- 
trt tbr "liMBii-  nr "■iisit ii*Tiiisl«to  mM\  irti  iTSisiim  fcii 


FBODUCia. 

>nm  or  AfTABAtos  cm.  (mmr.) 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Value. 

PommiM. 

Vaku. 

1  1 
d  vatoeef  jaer^naiab  , 

TetaloaantitraD 

PACKING  HOUSES  AND  CANNERIES. 

rEstablishmoits  m^aged  to  the  canning  and  preserving  of  fish  and  in  the 
manufacture  of  fertiluer,  oils,  etc.,  from  same  must  be  reported  on  this 
schedule.  If  fishing  operations  are  conducted  tmder  the  same  ownership, 
a  report  must  also  be  made  on  the  tffbffdBlflS  Ptartiiiwl  tat  PfH  iWlllwea 
N'essel  fisheries  must  be  reported  on  8dbBirtSSn-4liMAAMSerMSt 
fisheries  on  Schedule  ££1—247.] 


Nhbs  of  eempay  ortocttTidaal  apecating  tbe  eetablidnnent. . 

SUte   County  

Location:  City  or  village  Street  and  No. 

Post  office.  , 

Oeneral  office  at  


^  ttie  aMneownarabipandlocetedindiirerBnt 
be  nperted  aipocalafy.) 


WAsanNmnr,  D.  C,  Jm 
Tbe  act  of  Congnsi  of  June  7,  U06»  antoflciaas  the  Director  of  the  _ 
eoeperstton  wttti  tbe  Bmeao  of  Fiaharias,  to  talce  a  census  of  the  fishing  industry. 

The  information  returned  on  this  schedule  should  cover  the  business  yi  ar  most 
nearly  conforming  to  the  year  ending  Deceml)er  31 , 1908.  AU  questions  that  require 
a  fixed  time,  sueh  as  cash  on  hand  and  values  of  popsrtlft  AmM  be  sC  the 
of  the  beginning  of  the  year  covered  by  the  report. 

AU  muwen  will  be  held  almluielf  eenjMinWal.  Mo  pabHeatiaB  wffl  be  mode  In 
tbe  eaons  seports  diadoaiog  the  opantions  of  individnala  or  companies  in  any 
pertinilar,  m<  tie  (e/bneatfo*  «<n  he  mted  only  for  tke  ateMMeaf  purposes  for  u  hich 
it  was  given. 

The  canvass  wUi  be  made  under  tbe  supervision  of  Mr.  W .  M.  Steuart.  ohl»f 

8.  N.  D.  NOBTH, 

Dinetertftke  Ommt. 

Extract  from  act  of  Congress,  March  3, 1899: 

Section  22.—  *  *  ♦  "And  every  president,  treasurer,  seoreurv,  director, 
agent^  other  officer  of  every  corporation,  and  everj-  establishment  of  productive 
industry,  whettiw  conducted  aa  a  corporate  body,  limited  liabilitv  company,  or 
''7JP"7*t*.'"™^'*'"^'  which  answers  to  any  of  the  schedules,  inquiries,  or 
statistical  mterrogatories  provided  for  by  this  act  are  herein  required,  wIm  shall 
'  ■fw^rr^'*  •■eouested  bv  the  Director,  supervisor,  enumerator/or  special  agent! 
willfully  neglect  or  refuse  to  give  true  and  complete  answers  to  anv  infiuiriea 
authorized  by  this  act,  or  shall  willfully  give  false  information,  shall  lie  Kuiity  of 
a  misdemeanor,  aod^i^n  convution  tbereof  aball  be  fined  not  «««i««<it^  t«a  tffiWr 


vm 


OF  THE  trNTTED  STATES,  1906. 


cmmcATt. 

lb    certify  Uwt  ttt  MtamdaB  ewtatawd  la  Oii  Htednk  b 

met  to  the  bat  «<  my  knowledge  and  belief,  and  covers  the  period  from 
 ,m  ,tou  ,1W  ,diKinswhicli]Mfiod  UwpbntwHinaetiv* 

CSipiatnra  of  special  afsnt.)    (Signature  of  the  person  furnishing  the  information.) 

i  be  answered;  if  any  inquiry  is  not  aM>UcabieaDd  do  answer 


1. CAPITAL  INVESTED,  OWNED,  AND  BORROWED:  The  answer  must 
abttw  the  tottl  amount  of  capital,  both  owned  and  borrowed.  All  the  items 
wttjmt  mi  Mn  iMitlil  iiisj  III  lull  I  n  It  till  iiiiniiiiti  frriril  nn  thr  linnin  If 
bad  mt  tuMbn  are  rented,  flwt  fact^shouid  beatated  wd  the  valiw  gtvoi. 
Tb*  Tahie  of  allitems  of  live « 
materials,  products,  and  cash  i 
«(      bwtoMB  year  li^orted. 


BoiMInfs,  wharves,  machinery,  tools,  and  implements  

CHh  on  haad,  bills  receivable,  unsettled  ledger  accounts,  raw  mate* 


1.  PROPRIETORS  AND  FIRM  MEMBERS:  S 

^  SALARIED  EMPLOYEES:  Number  

(dalBBied  ttteta,  oMoacen,  clerks,  etc) 


4.  WAGE-EARNERS.  IN- 
<Xni>INO    P  I  B  C  E  - 
WOEUSa:  D*  aaC  iii- 

Average 
number 
enqtloyed 

Greatest 
number 
employed 

at  any 
one  time 

during 
tlieyear. 

Least 
number 
employed 

at  any 
one  time 

during 
the  year. 

Total 
amount 
paid  in 
wages 
doling 
the  year. 

B.  

To  obtain  the  average  number  employed  during  the  year,  take  the  average  number 
eminrtd  (Mk  add.  and  divide  by  li  Satariea  and  wages  shookl  ia- 

diideDoafdorRiitftanikhedaspartoompeunthio.  Fofemen  neodrtaiK  irages  aad 

performing  work  similar  to  that  of  the  men  over  whom  they  have  charge  are  to  be 
reported  as  wage-earners.  If  books  do  not  show  the  separate  amount  of  wages  paid 
tomcn.  womeii,  and  chlldien,  apporUoa  the  total  wages  for  the  year  iq^  ue  basis 


ft.  nucsH  nsH  bbckivxd  at  tlamt. 


Caught  by  employees  of  company. 


<ioanti^ 


6.  PRODUCTS  OF  PACKING  HOUSE  OR  CANNERY. 


Process  of  treat- 
ment (whether 
canned,  packed, 
smoked,  salted, 
•*«.). 

«  

ndi  ankl  imdi  

Bgggdne^^wBMM  aad  sspwab  quantity  and  vabie  of 

An  otter  pwdtti  (niilfj  jibi^jtfili 

>  If  the  quantity  is  not  given  in  poimds,  state  specifically  the  unit  of  measure  used. 
If  number  of  cans  is  renorted.  dve  siie  of  cans,  for  example,  "lialf-pound."  "one- 

Remaps:  


r 


APPENDIX  C 


INSTRlKrriONS  TO  SPECIAL  AGENTS. 


GENERAL. 

In  coofofinity  with  the  act  of  Coi^reeB  of  June  7, 1906,  the  census 
of  tito  firidog  industry  is  to  be  made  by  the  Director  of  the  Census 
in  cooperation  with  the  Commis8ioner  of  Fisheries.  The  object  of 
this  cooperation  is  to  avoid  a  duplicate  canvass  and  insiure  uniform- 
ity aad  agreenwBt  in  the  repoiB  of  the  two  bureaua.  To 
Buch  a  result  and  to  minimize  the  work  of  correspondence,  correc- 
tion, and  revision,  the  utmost  pains  must  be  taken  to  obtain  conect 
information  for  all  branches  of  the  investigation. 

The  census  is  to  be  made  under  the  immediate  supervision  of  the 
chief  statistician  for  manufactures,  and  all  employees  ei^jaged  in 
field  work  must  follow  the  instructions  of  that  official. 

JMu9lrie$  and  pmod  coveni.—TiM  camm  must  cover,  in  addititm 
to  all  varieties  of  seafood  and  fish  products,  shellfish,  whales,  seals, 
turtles,  crabs,  shrimp,  alligators,  and  sponges.  It  will  inchide  also 
the  pearl  mussel  fisheries  of  the  rivers  of  the  country.  All  com- 
mercial fishoies,  vessels  engaged  in  iiriiing,  and  veaida  oigaged 
in  transporting  fish  from  the  fishing  grounds,  which  operate  from  the 
ports  of  the  continental  United  States,  Alaska,  or  Porto  Rico,  must 
be  reported.  Vends  «ig^;ed  in  fisidi^  or  tnasporting  fiah  for  a 
portion  of  the  year  and  in  other  woric  for  the  remainder  of  the  12 
months  must  be  reported,  and  in  such  cases  the  report  must  cover 
the  operations  of  the  entire  year.  Vessek  ei^^aged  in  tiansporting 
fish  fnmi  port  to  port  as  regular  frei^t  most  not  be  reported.  The 
census  also  covers  the  operations  of  establishments  engaged  in 
canning  or  preserving  fish  or  in  the  manufacture  of  fertilizer,  oil, 
etc.,  bom  mm  products. 

Dealors  in  fish  products,  dther  whdeeale  or  retail,  who  are  not 
also  engaged  in  catching  or  in  canning  or  preserving  fish,  should  not 
be  reported.  It  is  difficult  in  many  instances  to  separate  the  statis- 
tics lor  the  UMrcantile  porticm  at  die  indmtry,  bat  tbe  Mkming 
rules  should  be  applied  whenever  practicable: 

1.  When  dealers  in  fish  or  fish  products  are  also  engaged  in  can- 
nii^  or  preserving  fish  or  in  catchii^  fish,  no  attempt  riiould  be 
made  to  separate  these  statistics — the  entire  establishment  should  be 
included  in  the  census  report,  except  as  provided  in  Rule  2. 

2.  If  an  establishment  is  engaged  primarily  in  the  purchase  and 
sale  ol  fish  or  fish  products  and  inddeotally  in  catdung  Mt  or  in 
canning  and  preserving  the  same,  the  statistics  for  the  mercantile 
portion  should  be  s^^ated  and  the  census  report  relate  exclusively 
totiieflAing  or  canning  and  preserving  tomch  of  tiie  estabUshment. 

3.  In  cases  where  the  purchase  and  sale  of  fish  or  fish  products 
is  combined  with  the  canning  or  preserving  of  fish  or  with  catching 
fish,  and  a  combined  report  is  made,  as  indicated  in  Rule  1,  the  re- 
port must  show  separately  the  quantity  ncttnd  and  ^  quantity 
and  value  of  products  disposed  of  in  conaectjoD  wilh  the  uiMilenle 
or  retail  branch  of  the  establishment. 

4.  The  freeaing  of  fhh  or  tiie  bracking  of  oysters  when  done  by 
merchants  is  consid^ed  as  a  portion  of  the  mercantile  business  and 
should  not  be  reported .  If  the  same  establishments  are  engaged  in 
tte  catching  of  fish  or  the  canning  and  preserving  of  the  same,  the 
■latistics  for  the  entire  olahiiAmwit  Aoold  be  iaeiaded,  as  indi- 
cated in  Rule  1. 

For  census  purposes  the  term  "commercial  fishery"  includes  all 
fishing  operKtfoBScmducted  for  profit— i.  e.,  for  the  sale ol  the catdi, 
but  it  does  not  include  the  operations  of  individuals,  cMbi^  etc., 
catching  fish  lor  theax  own  ooneunptMA  or  for  sport 


The  census  reports  must  cover  the  year  ending  December  31, 
1906,  or  the  fishing  seaeoaidiidi  most  nearly  confonuB  to  ^  calen- 
dar year.  The  fishing  seasim  covers  different  periods  in  different 

sections  of  the  country  and  the  reports  must  be  prepared  to  meet 
local  conditions.  The  poiod  covered  by  each  report  must  be  given 
on  tiie  title-page  of  tfce  adbedule. 

Daily  reports  and  correspondence. — The  canvass  will  be  made  by 
the  regular  employees  of  the  Census  Office  and  the  employees  of 
the  Bureau  of  Fisheries  detailed  for  this  purpose.  Each  employee 
detailed  for  field  work  must  make  a  report  on  a  form  provided  for 
this  purpose  for  every  day  on  which  lie  is  ac  tually  emj)loyed.  At 
the  close  of  each  day  the  daily  report  must  be  forwarded  by  regis- 
tered mail  in  tbe  letum  penalty  enrdope  addreseed  to  the  DiveetQt 
of  the  Census. 

Day's  work. — The  relative  efficiency  of  each  employee  engaged 
in  field  work  will  be  determined  by  the  number  and  completeness 
of  the  sdiedules  secured,  and  ea^  daily  report  must  nooQant  for 
the  work  of  the  day.  Inquiries  concerning  schedules  or  fmther  in- 
structions must  be  made  by  letter  and  not  on  the  daily  rqport  forms. 
Employees  must  give  sufficient  notice  of  the  date  they  will  complete 
the  district  to  which  they  are  assigned,  so  that,  if  neoessHry,  tiiegr 
may  be  assigned  to  other  territory'  without  loss  of  time. 

Schedules. — Fishing  and  the  allied  industry  of  packing  and  can- 
ning will  be  reported  on  the  Mlemng  sdiedules: 

Schedule  EEl-247.— To  be  used  in  reporting  shore  or  boat  fidi- 
eries.  If  shore  or  bo£t  fisheries  are  conducted  in  connection  with 
vessel  fidieries  or  witii  canneries  or  packing  houses,  reports  should 
also  be  made  on  schedules  EE2-248  and  EE3-249.  If  it  is  necessary 
to  make  the  report  on  two  or  more  schedules,  care  should  be  taken 
that  no  amounts  are  duplicated.  The  vast  majority  of  the  reports 
will  be  prqiared  on  sdieddes  EEl-2(7  and  EB2-2I8. 

Schedule  EE2-248. — To  be  used  in  reporting  fisheries  conducted 
with  vessels  which  have  been  documented.  As  indicated  by  the 
schedule,  it  was  designed  for  the  purpose  of  securing  a  separate  re- 
port for  eadi  vessel.  If  several  vessels  are  opesatod  under  the  SHM 
ownership  and  it  is  impracticable  to  obtain  a  separate  report  for 
each,  a  consolidated  report  may  be  made  on  one  blank  covering  the 
catch  <rf  aB  the  craft,  provided  they  operate  from  the  same  fishing 
port .  I  n  preparing  consolidated  reports  of  the  catch  of  two  or  more 
vessels,  a  separate  schedule  must  be  {nrepared  for  each  vessel  and 
answers  made  to  the  first  four  inquiries.  The  entire  catch  may  then 
be  reported  under  inquiry  5  of  any  one  of  the  sc^eduks  for  fishii^ 
vessels.  Inquiry  5  of  the  remaining  fishing  vessels  should  be 
answered  by  referring  to  the  schedule  on  which  the  catch  is  reported. 

St^edule  EES-2tf.— To  be  used  in  reporting  packing  houses, 
canneries,  and  fish  curing  establishments.  Reports  must  not  be 
made  for  wholesale  or  retail  dealers  in  fish  unless  such  dealers  are 
also  engaged  in  fishing.  The  packing  of  fresh  fish  in  ice,  freezing 
fish,  shucking  oysters,  or  picking  crab  meat  must  not  be  reported 
when  done  by  dealers,  but  when  these  industries  are  carried  on  by 
fishermen,  statistics  for  them  must  be  included  in  the  reptnts,  as 
indicated  above. 

In  cases  where  eyeter  fishomen  shuck  the  oysters  before  selling 
them,  the  agent  must  report  separately  under  "Remarks"  the 
number  and  wages  of  the  employees  engaged  exclusively  in  shuck- 
ing. They  must  also  retort,  by  estimate,  if  nnrniij,  both  the 
value  of  the  oyitscs  in  the  shell  and  Aeirvaiae  after  beii«AwM. 

(Ml) 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  15 


The  thM  wW^wl^**  are  {mpaied  for  the  purpose  of  collecting 
■iBtirtici  wUA  wiH  owMit  lihn  oAlco  to  Hiiykie  •  Bepmte  proBcnt*- 

tkm  of  data  for  atnre  Brihcrico,  for  vessel  fisheries,  and  canning  or 
packing  establishments,  respectively,  the  totals  for  each  branch  of 
tlie  industry  to  be  presented  by  states.  Therefore  it  is  important 
AatMfM«toi«pafftibepi«|Mmd;  ii,  homnm,  twocrmorobwaidw 
are  conducted  under  the  same  ownership  and  it  is  impossible  to 
■Bcure  separate  reports,  a  consolidated  repinrt  may  be  prepared,  but 
1m  mA  cases  a  full  descriptkm  of  tbe  conditioiiB  must  be  given 
under  "Remarks "  on  the  last  page  of  the  schedule  and  percentages 
furnished  which  will  enable  the  office  to  make  the  separation  if 
Great  care  must  be  taken  to  avoid  duplication  of  sta- 


DxstricU  and  lists. — The  entire  country'  has  been  divided  into 
districts  and  one  or  more  special  agents  will  be  assigned  to  each  dis- 
trict. Defcre  startiiy  the  canvass  each  agent  must  tanrw  flte  extent 

of  his  district,  and  must  not  visit  points  outside  his  district  without 
Wffoa&c  directions  to  do  so.  Earh  agent  will  be  held  accountable  for 
m  jkonmjfh  andrapid  canvass  of  the  district  to  which  he  has  been  assigned. 

can\'aased,  each  agent  will  be  furnished  with — 
1.  List  of  localities  where  fishii^^  is  conducted. 
1.  List  of  vesselB. 
H  Index  card  for  eack  'WmL 

4.  List  of  cannorie«,  etc. 

5.  Index  card  for  each  cannery. 

1W  MHber  at  Ihe  top  ef  tfto  iadcK  CMd  wwt  b#  wiittsn  in  iBbit 

vpper  right-hand  comer  of  the  schedule  and  the  card  must  accom- 
pany the  schedule  when  it  is  sent  to  the  oflSce.  When  an  establish- 
■HBt  is  to  be  ooutted  or  a  cran  reference  is  to  be  auule,  the  card 
with  an  cx^anatory  note  on  it  should  be  sent  to  the  oAce  with  the 

daily  report.  The  index  numbers  of  all  cards  accompanying  the 
daily  report  should  be  given  in  the  left-hand  margin  of  the  daily 

of  the  owner  in  eadi  case,  and  the  agent  will  find  that  these  addresses 
■Bclude  many  localities  not  included  in  the  list  of  localities.  It  is 
•qiected  that  the  agent  will  be  able  to  secure  the  rqpovto  for  most 
el  Ae  vessels  at  the  fishing  grounds  or  fishing  ports,  and  will  there- 
fore confine  himself  to  his  list  of  localities  until  he  has  secured  as 
many  of  the  reports  as  possible,  after  which  the  owners  of  the  remain-, 
in  iKSBSiii  AeBM  be  iMtod.  tUs  is  a  fwenl  nde  and  awy  be 
waived  by  the  agent  if  he  finds  he  can  conduct  the  canvass  more 
economically  and  advantageously  otherwise.  He  should,  of  course, 
eBtn  repwts  froai  all  MiriairH  in  or  amoimding  a  given  locality, 
■a  aa  to  avoid  refvaiting  tfie  saase  — jf^bCThood.  The  lists  are  not 
mmplete  and  must  not  be  accepted  as  representing  all  of  the  localities 
■arall  of  the  interests  to  be  enumerated.  As  the  lists  were  obtained 

will  depend  to  a  verj'  large  degree  on  the  diligence  of  the  agents, 
and  they  should  constantly  be  on  the  alert  to  discover  other  points 
at  which  fidiing  is  conducted  and  other  establiAments  engaged  in 
lha  lAiag  industry.  Every  name  on  the  agent's  list,  however, 
must  be  accounted  for;  if  a  vessel  or  establishment  has  changed 
awneiahip  or  gone  out  of  existence,  the  name  and  a  memorandum 
el  fka  flKts  asHt  be  given  en  tte  a^m^a  da^r  lapott. 

agent  will  be  furnished  with  a  statement  of  the  order  in 
i  he  will  be  expected  to  visit  the  different  points  in  his  district. 
I  oeder  should  be  followed  mdess  the  agent  finds  that  railroad 
and  local  conditi<Mis  make  a  change  advisable.  In 
■Mk  a  case  the  character  and  naeanitgroC  the  chaagaiMil  be  stated 
en  tte  agent's  daily  report. 

r^usiii  siiiiij.— -It  is  wrngaiaad  that  the  fdhB«  adnstry 
I  from  all  other  industries  covered  by  the  census,  in  that  it  is 
not  conducted  during  the  entire  year,  and  that  there  are  many 
amall  unimportant  operatms.  While  it  is  essential  that  a  thorough 
canvass  be  nade  of  tihe  industry,  the  special  agent  must  exercise 
discretion  in  sorurinsr  reports  of  the  operations  of  the  small  fisher- 
aaen  and  those  who  are  absent  at  the  time  of  the  visit. 

anIariBK  •  iBcaKir  atoe  shoea  iiUag  is  candnetod,  flw  agrat 


complete  list  of  the  fishermen  in  that  vicinity.  A  rapid  canvass 
flhonld  thm  be  nnde  ot,  and  reports  obtained  fmn,  the  fishermen 

in  the  immediate  vicinity.  As  these  reports  are  obtained,  inquiries 
should  be  made  regarding  fishermen  who  are  absent  or  who  are  not 
easily  accessible,  and  partial  reports  prepared  for  them.  These 
partial  raprarts  shcmM  be  oometed  if  better  infonaation  iaaltennH^ 
obtained  from  dealers  or  other  fishermen.  ■\Mien  reports  for  prac- 
tically all  of  the  fishermen  have  been  prepared,  the  agent,  instead 
of  floiddng  visits  to  imimportant  points  in  tiie  nflj^^bofhood  or  WM 
ing  tor  other  fishermen  to  return,  should  complete  the  canvass  of  the 
locality  by  the  use  of  the  estimates  he  haa  obtained .  The  operations 
of  a  group  of  fishermen  may  be  included  in  one  schedule  if  an  accu- 
rato  wrtimafn  of  the  entire  catch  can  be  obtained.  The  estimated 
reports  should,  if  possible,  be  the  result  of  interviews  with  more 
than  one  person,  so  as  to  avoid  the  powilHlity  of  exaggerated  state- 


'BflontlBB'*  a 


of  the 


menta,  and  riMMdd  contain  under 
conditions  under  wfaidi  they  were  obtained. 

In  cases  where  reports  are  prepared  in  the  manner  suggested 
in  the  preceding  paragraph  the  agent  will  probably  find  it  neces- 
sary to  retain  all  or  some  of  the  sAedalea  for  a  locality  until  he 
leaves  the  \'icinity,  so  that  if  better  information  shall  be  obtained 
after  the  report  has  been  wholly  or  partially  prepared  he  can  sub- 
stitute it,  and  so  that  he  can  avoid  duplication  in.  tiie  repafa.  If 
the  schedules  are  thus  retained  to  be  sent  in  later,  a  memorandum 
should  be  made  on  each  schedule  showing  the  date  of  the  daily 
report  on  which  it  was  reported. 

In  irifliting  a  locality  the  agent  should  not  ask  "/«  there  any 
commercial  fiAing  here?"  but  he  should  ask  ' '  Wat  there  any  fishing 
here  during  19087"  There  are  localities  where  fishing  is  carried 
on  at  certain  seasons  only,  and  at  the  time  the  agent  calls  there 
may  be  no  one  fishing.  Cases  will  be  foimd  where  shore  fishermen 
live  in  one  state  and  fish  in  the  waters  of  another  state.  For 
example,  shore  fiehermen  living  in  New  Jersey  may  go  into  \'ir- 
giaia  watens  at  a  oeitain  season  to  fiA.  In  such  cases  the  fisiiaQg 
must  be  reported  by  both  the  agent  in  Virginia  and  the  agent  in 
New  Jersey.  Wasa  the  report  covers  operations  in  different  states, 
full  explanation  must  be  made  under  "Remarks"  oa  the  last 
page  of  the  schedule.  This  explanation  must  give  the  names  or 
description  of  the  different  localities  in  which  the  fishing  covered 
by  the  schedule  was  carried  on  and  the  quantity  of  the  catch  in 
eadiloeaety. 

In  preparing  reports  for  a  number  of  fishermen  operating  ooi 
of  the  same  port,  care  must  be  taken  to  avoid  duplication.  Each 
sdiedule  matt  be  complete  and  distinct,  so  that  a  uniform  tabula- 
tion can  be  made  in  the  office. 

It  is  especially  difficult  to  obtain  statistics  for  fishing  vessels 
that  are  absent  from  the  home  ports  for  considerable  periods. 
For  tUa  reason  it  will  genenlly  be  advisable  to  obtain  reporto  for 
the  fishing  vessels  of  a  locality  first,  and  while  the  shore  fisheries 
and  establishments  are  being  enumerated  other  vessels  may  come 
in.  There  are  comparativriy  few  ports  from  whidi 
operate,  and  the  special  agento  must  resort  to  every  ] 
to  obtain  information  concerning  them. 

If  an  agent  finds  that  the  canvass  of  a  district  to  which  he  has 
been  asagned  can  not  be  finkfced  because  vessels  operating  from 
points  in  it  are  out  at  the  fishing  groimds,  he  should  not  remain 
indefinitely  in  the  district,  but  must  advise  the  office  of  the 
probable  number  and  size  of  yessels  from  whidi  he  has  not 
been  able  to  obtain  reports,  and  await  instructions.  However,  if 
he  is  satisfied  from  inquiry  that  the  vessels  are  comparatively 
unimportant,  he  should  obtain  all  available  information  concerning 
ttMn,  ptepaw  far  each  a  partial  wpmt  containing  the  naase  and 
address  of  the  owner,  the  name,  net  tonnage,  and  value  of  the  vessel, 
and  general  information  concerning  the  character  and  extent  of 
the  catch,  and  fnrwaid  same  to  tiie  oAce  with  proper  letter  of 
exphaation.  The  necessity  of  remaining  in  a  locality  awaitng 
the  return  of  vessels  is  left  largely  to  the  discretion  of  the  ^ent. 

Remote  2ocaZi<ie«.— While  the  entire  country  bordering  on  waters 
fram  iriuch  coboubkM  filing  operatioos  can  be  carried  on  matt 
be  coveaed,  agsata  awy  find  Aat  I 


APPENDIX. 


aa  in  remote  localitiea  not  accessible  by  railroad  or  boat,  and  that 
no  exact  information  concerning  them  can  be  obtained  without  a 
long,  expensive  trip  by  the  use  of  livery.  If  in  such  cases  the 
agent  can  secure  sstisfactory  information  that  the  year's  cat(^  was 
eoMpanrttvely  unimportant,  he  should  not  inciu'  the  expense  of 
the  ti^  but  should  obtain  the  best  information  possible  from 
*  peiaona  vdio  are  familiar  with  the  opeiati(His  of  the  fiahmmen, 
prqiaie  a  report,  and  give  explanation  under  "Remaika." 

In  cases  where  the  fisherman  is  absent  when  the  agent  calls  and 
it  is  evident  from  a  personal  inspection  that  his  operations  for  the 
year  were  uninqxxtaaft,  the  jnfanaatinn  should  be  obtained  from 
some  one  fanriliar  w^  tiw  vatoa  al  the  boahn  eniri|iaawil,  and  the 
year's  catch. 

Qeneral  report. — ^Each  agent  will  be  required  to  furnish  a  general 
'  statement  of  conditions  and  recent  developments  in  the  fishing 
industry  in  the  district  to  which  he  is  assigned.  Detailed  answers 
to  the  following  inquiries  will  develop  these  conditions,  and  the 
agent  aanrt  submit  the  questiona  to  iSb»  principal  fiAeroMn  of  each 
locality  and  make  such  memoranda  as  will  enable  him  to  Baake  a 
full  report  when  the  canvass  of  the  district  is  finished. 

1.  Hsa  tiie  past  soaaon  boMi  an  average  one,  an  unusually  good 
one,  or  an  unusually  poor  one? 

2.  Has  there  been  any  general  change  in  the  apparatus  used  for 
catohing  fish  in  the  last  two  or  three  years?   If  so,  describe  briefly. 

S.  What  an  the  principal  natkmaUties'of  the  fiAenaen? 

4.  Has  there  been  any  considerable  change  in  the  nationality 
ef  the  fishermen  in  the  last  few  years?   If  so,  describe  briefly. 

5.  What  kinds  of  fish,  if  any,  are  being  caught  in  smaller  quan- 
tities in  the  last  few  years?  * 

6.  Whatkindsof  fish,  ifaigryWebeingcaii^^ingaartarqiHntitiee 

in  the  last  few  years? 

7.  Whatkindsoffidh,  if  any,  haw  been  caiq^t  for  the  first  time 

in  the  neighborhood  in  the  last  year  or  two? 

8.  What  conditions,  if  any,  exist  Uiat  make  the  fidiiag  unusually 
difficult  or  unjnofitable? 

9.  Are  these  conditions  increasing  or  decreasing? 

10.  Has  any  disease  affected  the  fish  during  the  past  year?  If  so, 
describe  briefly  the  extent  and  nature  of  the  disease  and  the  irind 
«r  kinds  of  fiA  affected. 

11.  Describe  briefly  the  nataai  and  estent  of  loss  of  IKa  and 
IH^perty  during  the  year. 

In  addition  to  the  forgoing  inquiries,  the  agent  is  at  liberty  and 
will  be  expected  to  ask  such  other  questiims  as  will  tend  to  elicit 
valuable  information  as  to  the  conditions  of  the  industry  in  the 
section  of  the  coimtry  in  which  he  is  working. 

Schedule  fob  Vessel  Fisheries  EE2-248. 

TUU-pagt.~Tha  name  and  poet-office  address  is  not  necessarily 
tibntof  the  owner  of  the  vessel.  It  may  be  the  name  and  address  of 
the  person  or  company  operating  the  fishery,  aa  in  some  cases  the 
▼essels  are  chartered  and  the  owner  is  not  connected  with  fisheries. 

Fishing  port.— The  term  "fishing  port"  is  generally  understood 
by  vessel  fishermen,  and  SMaaa  the  port  at  iHiidi  tte  catch  is  oidi- 
narily  landed.  As  a  nde^  dm  homea  of  dhe  Tt  aie  at  tiie 
filling  port. 

BaOmgporL—Tbe  hailing  port  <^  a  ve«el  is  the  port  at  whidi  it 

bdoenaMttlad  in  the  curtMdMNNa  and  tem  which  oikaal  papers 
issue. 

Name  of  vettel.— The  full  name  of  the  vessel  should  be  given. 
For  exan^ple,  if  the  name  of  the  vessd  fa  CMe$  Jroee&sfer  it 
should  be  so  reported,  and  not  as  the  Macalester.  If  the  name  of 
the  vessel  has  been  chaitged  duiiitg  1908,  that  fact  should  be  noted 
ander^'Remarka." 

Net  tonnage.— The  net  tonnage  is  given  in  the  (^bdal  pi^eia  of  a 
vessel  and  is  also  cut  on  the  vessel  itself.  The  owner  or  *nir1nim 
will  generally  know  the  net  tonnage. 

Ctn^iait€.—'ni»  certificate  should  show  the  thne  covered  by  the 
report.  If  the  vessel  was  sold  or  destroyed  during  the  year,  the  fact 
should  be  noted  under  "Remarks."  A  space  is  provided  for  the 
i%Baluie  «f  the  pemm  fandAing  the  information  for  the  report 
Tim* — ^11  


and  the  schedtile  should  ordinarily  be  flgned;  bat  ioranjraeaaon 

it  is  impracticable  to  obtain  a  signature,  it  may  be  omitted.  In 
such  cases  the  agent  should  supply  the  name  of  the  poaon  who  fur- 
nished the  infarmation.  If  die  post-oflfee  artdiias  of  tte  poawn 
furnishiog  the  infonnatbn  is  different  iaiaa  that  ^v«i  em  the  hot 
of  the  schedule,  it  should  be  reported. 

Capital  invested. — ^Tlie  answer  to  this  inquiry  diould  cover  the 
entire  inveatment.  If  vessels  are  chartered  or  bufldi^  or  i^pa- 
ratus  are  rented,  they  should  nevertheless  be  reported.  If  such 
vessels  or  apparatus  are  included  in  another  fisherman's  report,  an 
exphmation  ahoidd  be  made  undw  "Rmnarks,"  so  that  the  dupli- 
cation may  be  eliminated.  The  amount  reported  should  be  the 
value  of  vessels,  buildings,  and  apparatus  at  the  beginning  of  the 
year  covered  by  the  report.  All  vessels  equipped'  wiUi  mechanical 
propelling  power  are  considered  as  "steam"  or  "motor.**  A  vessel 
having  both  sail.s  and  steam  power  would  be  cla.ssed  as  "steam." 

The  term  "transporting  vessels"  includes  all  vesseb  connected 
with  tile  fish^,  but  not  actoally  engaged  in  fishing.  For  examfde, 
it  includes  towboats  engaged  in  hauling  vessels  carrying  fish,  ves- 
sels used  as  oold-ston^  bargee  or  to  live  on,  watch  boats,  and  lay 
boats.  IfatranqMrtingvesselisnotconnected  with  vessel  fisheries, 
that  fact  should  be  sti^.  It  nug^t  be  connected  w^  a  cannery 
or  packing  house  or  ev«l  with  a  shore  fishery.  Vessels  engaged  in 
both  fishing  and  tranqxxting  should  be  reported  as  fishing  vessels^ 
but  the  tact  that  they  w«e  also  engaged  in  tranqiortiBf  should  be 
noted  under  ' '  Remarks . ' '  The  val  ue  of  outfit  is,  rtrictly  speaking, 
not  an  item  of  capital  but  an  item  of  expense.  The  answer  to  this 
inquiry,  therefore,  should  show  the  total  outlay  for  outfit  during  the 
year.  Hany  vessels  will,  of  course,  befitted  vtth  a  neiraiin>ly  of 
provisions,  fuel,  bait,  etc.,  several  times  a  year.  Care  should  be 
•taken  that  the  answer  does  not  show  the  value  of  only  one  complete 
outfit  for  the  re&xA.  It  is  bdieved  (hat  the  lirt  of  i^paiatus  given 
on  the  schedule  will  cover  practically  all  the  kinds  in  general  use. 
Nevertheless,  blank  lines  have  been  added,  and  if  the  agent  finds 
any  apparatus  in  use  that  is  not  included  in  the  list,  he  should  report 
it  on  one  of  tihese  lines  and  riiould,  in  addition,  give  a  genenl 
description  of  the  apparatus  under  "Remarks,"  with  a  diagram,  if 
necessary.  If  shore  and  vessel  fisheries  are  carried  on  under  the 
same  ownership,  it  will  be  necessary  to  fill  out  more  ttanmie  blank, 
but  it  is  not  necessary  to  divide  the  value  of  ihofe  and  acoeanay 
property  and  cash,  etc.  The  value  of  these  items  may  be  reported 
on  any  one  schedule  and  reference  to  that  schedule  made  on  the 
other  schedules. 

In  some  states  private  or  cultivated  oyster  beds  are  leased  for  a 
term  of  years  or  actually  owned  by  the  operators.  This,  howevw, 
is  not  the  universal  ptactioe,  and  as  it  will  be  impoorible  to  obtain 
the  total  value  of  all  oyster  beds,  this  item  mart  aat  be  ini4witd  im 
the  values  reported  for  answer  to  inquiry  1. 

Proprietors,  firm  members,  and  independent  fishermen. — Stock- 
bidders  <rf  corporations  should  not  be  reported  unkss  ttey  are  ake 
employees  of  the  company.  A  person  fishing  on  shares,  delivering 
a  part  of  the  catch  to  another  person  and  selliitg  the  remainder, 
diotdd  not  be  considered  as  an  independent  fisherman ;  in  this  case 
the  person  to  whom  a  part  of  the  cateh  was  delivered  diould  be  con- 
sidered the  proprietor.  It  is  desired  to  show  in  the  report  the  total 
number  of  persons  engaged  in  fishing.  For  this  reason  it  is  necee* 
sary  to  indicate  whether  the  proprietor  was  actoally  engi^ed  tm. 
fishinc;.  In  the  great  majority  of  cases  the  proprietor  will  be  found 
to  be  so  engaged,  but  in  cases  where  he  is  not,  this  fact  should  be 
indicated  in  the  apace  fnovided.  If  the  ownendiip  of  the  vessel  ia 
in  shares,  a  niunber  of  wfaidi  are  held  by  parties  who  take  no  part 
in  its  maui^ement,  these  parfie.s  should  be  reported  as  "share- 
holders." Persons  reported  in  inquiries  2,  3,  and  4  should  not  be 
dttj^icated  when  more  than  one  sdiedule  is  seemed  for  nporatiuM 
carried  on  under  tlie  .same  ownership. 

Salaried  employees. — There  will  probably  be  comparatively  few 
cases  where  it  will  be  necessary  to  answer  tiUa  inquiry.  It  appliea 
only  to  large  companies  having  a  managing  ofloe  im.  whiA  reOHlii 
of  the  fishing  are  kept  by  salaried  employees.  Persons  repofladift 
i  this  inquiry  should  not  be  reported  on  another  schedule. 


flSHEEIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


tudnding  the  fishermen  on  the 
ve»el,  shoiJd  be  reported  as  "vessel  crew."    If  the  captain  or  any 
momber  of  the  crew  haa  been  reported  aa  a  proprietor,  he 
W  leported  bm.  Wkm  tAnamai  «•  waHaag  on 
,  it  viH  be  necessary  to  eetiinate  the  annual  wages.  Where 
_  .  f or  fishermen  as  part  compensation,  the  value  of 
I  used  cbould  not  be  included  in  w£^s,  but  diould 

  _    I  provided  for  in  the  schedule. 

Quantity  and  value  of  catch.— The  to  to!  catch  should  be  reported. 
)  niimhar  of  pounds  should  be  obtained  if  possible,  but  in  cases 
litlBiaipaMMetociliMiB  Aeira^t  ^b»  quantity  riMmld 
1  by  some  other  unit  <rf  ll—u  iment,  the  unit  used  being 
^wdfied.  If  the  quantity  is  reported  in  barrels,  casks,  boxes,  bae 
kali,  or  «»niW  measure,  the  size  of  the  unit  drauld  be  stated.  It 
pnbriily  be  iiiJtiiwrjr  in  most  cairies  to  xqport  the  quantity  of 
o>-8tere,  clams,  etc.,  inb«Aels.  When  oysters  are  reported,  a  etate- 
nent  should  be  made  showing  whether  tiiey  were  taken  from  public 
or  from  private  beds.  The  quantHieeandireiMsofaMiketaBd  seed 
oysters  must  be  reported  separately. 
The  prices  of  fish  and  fish  products  vary  greatly,  according  to  the 
or  the  state  of  the  market.  Agents  must  familiarise  them- 
I  wUk  ttw  prices  prarai&ig  in  the  sectkm  of  the  country  in 
_  they  are  employed,  and  in  every  instance  check  the  quanti- 

  and  values  reported  so  as  to  verify  the  average  price  and  see 

•MtitkinbannonytntbMtaaleoBditiknw.  In  ceseo  where  ftking 
epMliaM  Me  conducted  in  ccnnection  ^v-ith  a  packing  house  or 
cannen.-.  the  two  operations  being  carried  on  by  two  different  sets 
oi  anpioyees,  the  entire  catch  of  fresh  fish  should  be  reported  on 
TT*^r**»  tat  **Y9ma  fttrrir«"  or  "Shore  snd  boat  fisheries," 
m  flie  r^Mw  may  be,  and  the  products  of  the  packing  house  or 
cannery  diottld  be  reported  on  the  schedule  provided  for  the  pur- 
pose. Hie  two  schedules  shonU  be  etiMhed  to  eMdiodier  when 
_ito  AeoflSce. 

In  cases  where  fi.-^hermen  salt  or  smoke  a  part  of  their  catch,  the 
employees  being  engaged  in  both  the  fishing  and  the  salting 
«r  Mskiiv,  Ihe  entire  report  AmM  be  aede  on  a  sdiedule  ior 
*'Shafe  and  boat  fidimes  "  or  for  "Vessel  fisheries, ' '  as  the  case  may 
be  In  such  cases  each  kind  of  fieh  caught  by  each  kind  of  apparatus 
should  be  reported  in  the  condition  it  wee  when  It  kit  the  iriicr^ 
MB'bbMdB-^ example, "frarii cod,"  "salted  cod,"  or"smoked 
herring."  If  the  fishermen  are  employed  in  connection  with  a 
y,  the  fish  will  leave  their  hands  fresh,  and  should  be  reported 
ay.  HlkeysdtarsmQk»ftpHteraneftheircatdi,^iiBh 
should  be  reported  as  they  leave  their  hands;  that  is  to 
lav.  as  s;ilted  or  smoked.  In  reporting  fresh  fish  the  weight  before 
being  cleaned,  commonly  known  as  "mmd  weight,"  riloald  be 


When  it  is  necessary  for  the  fisherman  to  estimate  the  quantity 
and  value  oi  the  catch,  the  total  quantity  and  the  total  value  should 
ttantaon  of  ^  infanumt  called  to  anA  entries 
the  sdiedule  is  signed. 
In  reportins  a  transporting  vessel,  it  is  of  course  unnecessary  to 
answer  the  question  relating  to  the  catch. 

H  ii  intention  <A  the  office  to  publish  separately  the  quanti- 
ties and  vakMS  of  each  ppfH-ies  of  fish  caught  during  1908.  It  is 
paaiUe  that  aomtt  difficulty  will  be  encountered  in  obtaining  com- 
I  Ihfe  detul,  and  fer  Ois  reason  ^  attention  el  the 
I  is  particularly  called  to  this  phase  of  the  inquiry.  It  will  be 
the  natural  inclination  of  the  fishermen,  in  giving  an  estimated 
i^KMl,  to  mention  only  the  fvinciped  kinds  of  (Uh  caught,  but  the 
aw  every  effort  to  obtain  a  complete  lirt  of  the  species 
;tim  year,  tf^ther  with  their  quantities  and  values, 
itly  found  that,  while  fishing  operations  may  be  ear- 
ly for  the  capture  of  a  certain  species  of  SA,  stSD 
I  will  almost  invariably  be  taken.  These  other  varie- 
tlmaagrBot  appear  to  the  fishermen  to  be  of  much  importance,  but 
H  la  blBeved  that  the  quantities  thus  caught  will  in  the  aggr^te 


The  last  report  of  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries  for  the  state  in  which 
A  i^ent  is  working  will  show,  by  counties,  the  quantities  and 
«f  «iA  Mciw  of  Ml  caH^t  Mag  Oe  year  oofvered  by  tiie 


report,  and  it  will 
self  with  this  list. 

Schedule  fob  Shore  and  Boat  Fisheries  EEl-247. 
If  several  fishermen  work  together  in  a  sort  of  partnership  arrange- 
ment, one  report  (AooM  be  made  ior  them.  When  a  fishennan 

works  on  shares — that  is,  keeps  a  part  of  his  catch  and  delivers  the 
other  part  to  his  employer— he  should  not  be  considered  as  an  inde- 
pendent fishoman. 

TheiiMtructions  for  filling  the  schedule  for  "Vessel  fisheries  "  will 
cover  most  of  the  inquiries  on  the  schedule  for  "Shore  and  boat  fish- 
eries." Special  attention  is,  however,  called  to  the  following 
points: 

Locati(m8. — The  Ipcathl  reported  should  be  the  point  on  shore 
from  which  the  fishing  operations  are  conducted.  In  many  cases  a 
fishing  camp  is  established  as  a  base  of  operations. 

Watm  wAcie  JUkm§  u  condiuAed. — The  answer  to  this  questioB 
should  give  the  name  of  the  body  of  water  where  the  fishing  is  con- 
ducted, as,  for  example,  the  name  of  the  river,  inlet,  bay,  or  sound. 

mge-eanun.—OBiy  emi^yees  actually  connected  wMi  Hm 
fishing  should  be  reported  as  wage-earners.  Shoresmen  shoidd 
inc  hide  all  shore  employees  directly  connected  with  the  catching 
of  fish;  for  example,  it  would  include  persons  engaged  in  mending 
nets. 

ScHKDUUi  von  Pacxino  Hoima  and  Canneries  EE3-249. 

This  schedule  is  intended  to  cover  all  packing,  preserving,  and 
curing  of  fish.  The  operations  are  not  necessarily  conducted  in 
buildingsj  but  fish  may  be  salted  or  otiierwise  presorred  <m  ttw 
beach  or  even  on  the  deck  of  the  fishing  vessel.  If  the  packing  or 
curing  is  done  by  the  fishermen,  the  report  should  be  made  as  indi- 
cated under  "Quantity  and  value  of  catch,"  above. 

If  an  indiyidud  or  company  operates  plants  in  different  states,  a 
separate  report  should  be  made  for  the  plants  in  each  state,  as  it  ia 
desired  to  present  statistics  separately  for  the  several  states. 

Wage-eanura.—To  obtsin  tiie  average  nmnber  of  wage-eamen 
employed  during  the  year,  the  average  number  employed  during 
the  various  months  should  be  added  and  the  total  divided  by  12. 
The  word  "none  "  should  not  be  used  in  answer  to  the  inquiry  as  to 
the  least  number  emf^ed  at  any  one  time  in  tile  case  of  an  estab- 
lishment that  had  no  employees  for  a  part  of  the  year,  butthesawJl- 
est  number  employed  at  any  one  time  should  be  given. 

FrtA  fish  received  at  pZonf.— This  dMnld  include  all  fish  received 
at  the  plant.  Spoiled  fish  recdved  by  a  fertilizer  plant  should  be 
reported .  If  imported  fish  were  received  at  a  plan  t,  that  fact  should 
be  stated.  If  partially  treated  fish  are  received  at  the  plant  and  the 
proceoB  completed,  the  quantity  of  partially  treated  Mi  reeeiyed 
at  the  plant  should  be  reported  asffanleiy  froaa  tiM  qvaality  «f 
fresh  fish  received. 

Proditcte.— Under  this  head  shonld  be  reported  tiie  kind,  quantity, 
and  value  of  &h  or  sea  products,  and  the  nature  of  the  process  of 
treatment  (canned,  packed,  smoked,  salted,  made  into  fertilizer, 
etc.).  If  the  quantity  can  not  be  reported  in  pounds,  it  should  be 
reported  in  other  terms,  and  the  unit  of  measurement  should  be 
stated.  If  barrels  or  casks  are  reported,  their  size  should  be  stated. 
If  canned  goods  are  reported  in  number  of  cans,  the  number  of  cans 
of  each  size  should  be  stated;  if  number  of  cases  are  reported,  the 
size  of  the  cans  and  the  number  of  cans  to  each  case  should  be  given. 
If  canned  oyster?  are  reported  in  pounds,  the  E^ent  must  be  careful 
that  the  weight  given  represents  the  actual  contents  of  the  cans. 
The  contents  (rf  a  l-poond  can  of  oysters  may  weip^  10  ounces. 
Therefore  in  this  case  sixteen  1-pound  cans  of  oysters  should  be 
reported  as  10  pounds.  If  by-products  are  reported,  the  various 
kinds  should  be  named  or  described,  and  ti»e  quantities  and  values 
of  the  principal  by-products  should  be  reported  separately. 

The  difference  between  the  weight  of  the  green  fish  and'the 
finished  product  of  the  cannery  depends  largely  upon  the  process 
employedandtibeduoaeterofthellniAedpreduct.  Thisvariatioa, 
however,  must  be  carefully  noted  at  the  time  of  preparing  the 
reports,  and  when  it  is  excessive  or  apparently  insufficient,  a  proper 
memorandum  <tf  ^planation  flhoold  be  giTen  mdar  '*""  "  — 
ti»  -  • 


APPENDIX. 


807 


LIST  AND  DeSCRiPTION  OF  KINDS  OF  PBH. 


Abalone  ( naliotit).—A  mnllMl  found  on  the  coast  of  Oalflomia, 

especially  abundant  in  the  neighborhood  of  San  Diego.  It  is  also 
called  "sea-ear,"  "ormer-ehell,"  "ear-shell,"  etc.  Different 
spedes  are  known  aa  red  abakme,  black  abalooe,  and  rough  abalone. 
The  sheila  are  lai^gely  sold  for  commercial  purposes,  many  being 
shipped  to  Europe.  The  flesh  iB  MUed  and  dried  and  ved  for  food 
by  tile  Chinese. 
AuuoomM.—See  Horse  mackeraL 

Alewife  (Pomolobus  pseudoharengtut  and  P.  xstivalis). — These 
two  species  are  generally  known  indiscriminately  as  alewives,  and 
arefonndinwatenatyaoenttotiieBea.  P.  pseudbAomisnu  is  nevor 
found  south  of  the  Neuw  River,  in  North  Carolina.  It  is  known 
along  the  Potomac  as  "branch  herring; "  on  the  Albemarie  as  the 
"big-eyed  herring"  and  the  "wall-eyed  herring; "  in  New  England 
as  "alewife,"  and  on  the  Connecticut  aa  "eUwife"  and  "eBwhop." 
It  appears  in  the  rivers  three  or  four  weeks  earlier  than  the  "glut 
herring  "  or  the  '  'shad."  P.  X8tivali»  is  found  from  the  Carolinas  to 
tiw  GuH  <tf  Maine.  It  is  known  in  the  Chesapeake  and  Albemarle 
as  'glut  herring;"  in  the  Ogeechee  as  "English  herring;"  in  the 
St.  Johns  as  "herring,"  and  in  Massachusetts  and  during  the  later 
runs  in  the  Bappahannock  as  the  "blueback;"  also  known  as 
"black-bdly,"  "saw-beUy,"  and  "kyack."  It  h  less  abundant 
than  P.  pseudoharengus,  and  much  less  valuable  as  a  food  fish. 
Both  species  average  about  a  half  pound  in  weight  and  8  to  10 
inches  in  length.  They  are  caught  in  nets,  seines,  weirs,  etc.,  and 
are  of  very  great  importance  as  food  fish.  They  are  also  used  for 
bait.  The  name  is  also  applied  to  the  menhaden  {Bmnortia 
tyrannus)  in  Delaware,  Maryland,  and  Virginia. 

Alfio.nb  {RhaeoiMbiM  toxotea).—k.  food  fish  found  <m  the  OaU- 
fornia  coast  from  Cape  Mendocino  to  San  Pedro.  It  is  also  called 
"perch"  and  "sprat."  It  reaches  a  length  of  18  inches  and  a 
weight  of  5  pounds.  It  is  tiie  most  important  <A  the  surf-fishes. 

Alligator  {Alligalor  raississippiemis). — ^The  alligator  is  found  in 
the  streams  and  swamps  of  the  Southern  states,  and  more  or  less 
numerously  along  the  coast  from  South  Carolina  to  Texas.  It  is  also 
called  "cayman."  AOipiton  attain  a  Inr^th  of  12  feet,  and  Average 
about  10  feet.  They  are  captosed  lor  their  hidos,  oil,  ivory,  tah, 
skeletons,  and  ^gs. 

Amnt-naH  {8mobi).—k  food  fiA  found  from  Cape  Cod  to  Cape 
Hatteras.  It  is  known  as  "jack-fish"  on  the  Carolina  coast,  and 
"amber-fish,"  "shark's  pilot,"  and  "rudder-fish  "  elsewhere.  The 
average  length  is  24  inches;  average  weight,  7  pounds.  Another 
qpecSea  found  on  the  Oaltforaia  coast  is  kneim  as  "  ydlow-tail." 

Anchovy  (Engraulididse)  .—These  are  small  fishes  of  the  genus 
AruAovia  common  on  the  Atlantic  coast  from  Cape  Cod  to  Texas ;  also 
on  the  coast  of  southern  Califwnia,  and  the  genus  EngratUis  common 
from  Alaska  to  Lower  California.  The  silver  anchovy  (Amehona 
browni)  is  the  common  Atlantic  species.  It  is  also  known  as  "sar- 
dine" and  "spearing,  "  and  with  other  anchovies  entera  into  the 
composition  of  "white  bait."  Galiforaia  anchovy  (BngrmOit 
mordax)  is  the  largest  and  moat  yahable  food  species.  It  is  mostly 
preserved  in  oil  or  made  into  fidi  paste.  The  name  is  also  applied 
to  preparations  of  other  fish,  especially  young  herring  and  sprat. 

Angel-pish.— 1.  A  name  applied  to  the  moonfish,  or  spadefish 
(Chcetodipterm  faber),  from  Florida  to  Charleston.  2.  Small,  beau- 
tifully tinted  fiah  (Holacanthus),  found  in  tropical  waters,  especially 
among  coral  rede.  Tbmy  are  sold  lor  eiAibition  in  aquaria  and 
also  for  'ood. 

Atka-fish  {Pleurogrammtu  monopterygitis).—A  fine  food  fish 
found  among  tile  Aleutian  Islaiids.  The  average  weight  is  about  2 
pounds  and  avenge  kaglkabeai  16  fBGhaa.  Ako  known  as  "Atka 
mackerel." 

Barkaccda  {Sphyrcma  argentea).— An  excellent  food  fish  caught 
on  the  California  coast  frmn  San  Fkandsco  southwaid.  It  readies  a 

length  of  about  5  feet  and  a  weight  of  about  12  pounds.    It  is  caught 
with  hand  lines  and  by  trolling,  and  when  dried  and  salted  mftkfs  | 


eaoaOentfood.  The  geat  banacuda  (8.  larreemfa),  also  known  as 
"picuda"  or  "becuna,"  is  found  on  our  ooaat  from  Pensacola  to 
Charleston  and  is  the  largest  of  the  genus,  reaching  a  length  of  6  feet. 
Smaller  species  (S.  borealis  and  -S.  guachaucho)  are  found  as  far  north 
as  Cape  Cod,  fnit  nm  nnt  h%hly  Tshiod  as  food  fish. 

Bass. —See  Black  bass,  Calico  basB,  BniMih.  BnrI  htm,  Um  hum. 
Striped  bass,  and  White  bass. 

The  "ydlow  bass"  "brassy  bass  "  (Monmeinterrupta)  iaiimmi 
throughout  the  lower  course  of  the  Mississippi;  the  "mud  baas'* 
i^Acantharchus  pomotis)  in  the  coastwise  streams  from  New  Jersey  to 
North  Carolina;  the  "silver  bass"  (Hiodon  Urgiatu)  in  the  Ohio 
Valley  and  nwthnnuid  to  the  iqiperMissomi.  The  "Otaego  bass?  ii 
the  whitefish  (Coregomtu dupeaformis)  of  Ota^  Lake,  New  York; 
the  'litde  bass,"  the  littie  roncador  {Genyoneanu  liineatui)  of  San 
Francisoo. 

Beluga  (Delphinapterus  Imcat). — A  iriiale  abundant  in  tiM  norA 

Atlantic,  north  Pacific,  and  Arctic  Oceans.  Spot  imens  are  orcasioB- 
ally  taken  as  far  south  as  Cape  Cod.  It  is  also  called  • '  white  whale^" 
"whitefish,"  "porpoise,"  "daiqihitt  bknc,"  "manoon,"  etc.  It 
attains  a  length  of  15  feet  and  is  captured  for  its  oil  and  skin.  The 
oil  is  sold  under  the  name  of  "porpoise-jaw  oil;''  the  "inn  is  "»«^ 
into  leather. 

Big-eyed  UiocExaxL.See  (  hub  mackerel. 

Bill-pish.— A  name  applied  to  the  gar-pike  {Lepisostnix  oaanis), 
to  the  garfish  ( Tylosurus  marinus ),  and  to  the  spearfish  ( TeWaplviTut 
imptratar). 

Black  bass  ( Micropterus  salmoidcs  and  M.  dohmim). — ^Theee  two 
species  are  known,  respectively,  as  "laige-mouth  black  bass"  and 
"small-mouth  black  bass."  The  former  is  found  generally  in  slug- 
gish waters  from  Dakota  to  New  York  and  south  to  Florida  and 
Mexico.  It  is  known  in  the  Great  Lakes  region  as  "Oswego  bass," 
in  Indiana  as  "moss  bass,"  in  Kentucky  as  "jumper,"  in  North 
Oarolinaas  "chub"  and  "Welshman,"  and  in  dw  Southern stetea re 
"trout,"  "green  bass,"  and  "bayou  bass."  The  small-mouth  bass 
is  generally  found  in  clear  running  streams  from  Dakota  to  the  St. 
Lawrence,  and  south  to  South  Carolina,  Alabama,  and  Arkansas. 
In  the  Southern  states  it  is  also  called  "jumper,"  "perdi,"  "trout," 
"mountain  trout,"  etc.  Each  species  is  from  1  to  2i  feel  in  length 
and  weighs  from  2  to  8  pounds.  They  are  caught  with  hook  and 
line  and  furnirii  a  oonsidaable  quantity  d  OTTiellwit  food.  The 
name  is  also  applied  to  the  black  redENk  (MaiMb*  wi^tHmm  and 

mdanops)  in  Puget  Sound. 

Blackiin. — ^A  iriiitefish  (Leueidithys  nigripinnit)  found  in  Lake 
Michigan;  also  called  "bluefin." 

Blackfish  {Glohv-eplialus  melas).— An  important  and  abundant 
small  whale  found  on  the  Atlantic  coast  as  far  south  as  New  Jersey 
It  is  also  caUed  "pitet  whale,"  "grind  whale,"  etc.  Its  average 
length  is  from  15  to  18  feet;  average  weight,  1,000  pounds.  It  is 
cq»tured  by  being  stranded  on  the  diore  and  by  harptwning,  and  is 
valuable  for  its  oil.  Fishermen  sometimes  use  this  whale  for  food 
and  bait.  The  name  is  also  applied  to  the  sea  bass  {CaUroprukt 
striatus)  south  of  Cape  Hattenw  and  about  Marthas  Vineyard,  and  to 
the  tautog  ( Tautoga  onitia)  on  the  coast  of  New  York  and  I\  ew  Jersey. 

Black  hoksb  (Q^elepdis  efoufalia).— A  sucker  found  in  the 
laiger  streams  of  the  Mississippi  Valley.  It  is  also  called  "gourd- 
seed  sucker,"  "Missouri sucker, ""sweet sucker, "and  "suckerel." 
It  reaches  a  length  of  2 J  feet  and  a  weight  of  from  5  to  12  pounds. 
A  good  food  fish. 

Blenny  {Blcnnndsr).~A  fish  of  little  economic  value,  found  on 
the  Atlantic,  Pacific,  and  Gulf  coasts,  sometimes  sold  in  the  mftrVfrt 
as  "eels." 

Blinks. — One-year-old  mackerel,  gndod  fowtt  hk  tiba  MldBMit. 

Buster. — A  very  young  oyster. 
BtOATBR. — A  &t  herring  or  mackerel. 

Blueback  .—1 .  An  important  salmon  (OnoDriyneiiis  naht)  fooad 
on  the  Pacific  ooaat  frximtiaaGelnaU»BirerMrtlra«d.  t-  ffct 


M8 


FISHEIOES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


apper  Oohunbift  and  in  Alaska  it  is  called  "redfiah; "  in  the  lower 
Columbia,  "blueback;"  in  Puget  Sound,  "eockeye;"  and  in  the 
Fcaaer  River,  ''auk-kegh. "  It  averages  about  8  pounds  in  weight 
■■i  Mte  MSt  toliw  GUM»k  alMi  ID  Tyno  at  tibe  caiuMries. 

&  The  name  la  also  applied  to  the  "glut  herring  "  (Pomolobtis  xsH- 
•■iu>  in  Maasachuaetta  and  in  the  laternins  of  the  Rappahannock. 

Blub  coo. — See  Cultus  cod. 

in  Lake  Michigan;  also  called  "blackfin." 

BuxxnaH  {Fomatomui  taltatrix). — very  gamy  food  fi^  found 
«Bfk»AtlntieaBd€Ndfea«lB.  OBlk«eoMtofftiieNeirBiiglHid 

tmi  Middle  states  it  is  called  "bluefiah;"  in  Rhode  Island,  "horse- 
mackerel  :"j»<iuth  of  Cape  Ilatteras,  " skipjack ;"  in  North  Carolina, 
Virginia,  and  Maryland,  "tailor"  and  "greenfish;"  in  the  Gulf 
«f  MMiku,  "UaeMh."  Yoong  MaaiA  aie  called  **mKppmg 
mackerel,"  "snappers,"  and  "salt-water  tailors"  in  some  parts  of 
New  Eiyiand;  "blue  snipers"  about  New  Bedford,  and  "skip 

BIbcAbIi  vary  in  wei^t  ftNm  1 
to  seasim  and  locality.  Large  numbers 
are  caught  during  the  summer  montha  with  neta,  traps,  seines, 
and  hand  lines.  The  name  is  improperly  applied  to  the  squeteague 
(<%MaeiM  ivfaiw)  bnm  ■ualfcoia  New  Jmmy  to  ITiiginia,  to  the 
black  sea-bass  (Centropristes  striatus)  at  Newport  and  New  Bedford, 
to  the  "greenfish  "  (GireUa  nigrieaau)  on  the  California  coast  south  of 
llMiMay,«»dtoflwWite(aiaiifca»<ii)intifcei»MA8to. 

BLtTNT-vosED  SHINER  {Selene  vomer). — A  familiar  food  fish  found 
tkfog  the  Atlantic  coast  from  Florida  to  Cape  Cod  and  in  the  Gulf 
ifMlii  ItfatM»aia^varioaiplmas'*lioKiUi;"mNorth 

Gaiolina,  as  "moonfish"  or  "sunfiah;"in  Florida,  aa  "moonfiah;" 
I  Hole,  as  "humpbacked  butterfish;"  and  in  the  New  York 


'pug. 


Narragansett  Bay,  as 
•  ••ItiaAHlong. 

Boccaccio. — See  Rockfish. 

BoKRo  (^Sarda  tarda).— A.  food  fish  found  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 


nets.   The  name  is  also  applied  to  all  the  larger  scoml 
to  the  cobia  {Radufcentron  coTiadum)  in  the  Chesapeake. 

Bowvnr  (Amiatus  eaha).—A  Mb-water  fmd  Ml  foond  in 
Ihwl  Ta^ir*  and  in  the  streams  wliidi  flow  into  the  south  Atlantic 
and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.    It  is  also  called  "dogfish,"  "sawyer," 
"grindle,"  etc.,  in  different  localities.   It  reaches  a 

for  food  in  some  states. 
BownAD  {Balxna  mjili'ciiflii).— A  whale  of  great  commercial 
importaaoe  foond  in  tiie  Aretie  ngioaa.  RiiAaa 
•fdiwkales.  It  yMii  ^  iMrtltlii  <l  dL  ItkaaOa 

aad  longest  baleen. 
BaKAK. — ^A  name  mei  fa  aia^r  kedHties,  generally  with  some 
ivepteAz,i)r1k»ciMMNift«A^«ataraaiMi.  AtCMaih 

i  tte  sail<H-'s  choice  (Lagodon  rhomboides)  is  known  aa  ' '  salt-water 
irearo."  The  golden  shiner  {Abramu  eryaoleucat)  ia  also  called 
"bteam  "  in  stune  localities,  as  is  the  lockfiah  {SebatU$  ■wnwai). 

BcrrALonsH.RED  OR  BIO-MOUTHED  BUFFALO  (Ictiobtu ofprinella); 
BiiACK  oa  MONORSL  BUFFALO  (/.  unu);  and  Skall-mouthed  or 

to  tte  waten  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  and  sometimes  weigh 
9i  to  40  pounds.  They  are  cau^t  with  nets  and  hand  lines. 
** Buffalo  carp  "  is  a  name  sometimes  erraieously  applied  to  tibem. 

Boumw  (JBmm  wfoiiana). — A  very  familiar  freah-water  am- 
phibian found  in  nearly  all  localities  in  the  United  States.  It  is 
the  laigest  of  the  frogs,  sometimes  reaching  a  length  of  8  inches 

la  wnd  #atoBwtiwiy  tot  food. 

>. — See  Homed  po«t. 
Burbot  (Lota  maculosa)  .—A  fresh-water  fish  found  in  most  of  the 
and  streams  in  the  northern  part  oi  the  United  Stataa.  Sa 


pout,"  "dogfish,"  "chub-eel,"  "freah-water  cod,"  "mother  «l 
eels, "  "aleby  trout, "  etc.   It  reaches  a  length  of  30  inches. 

BuTTEBFisH  {PoTonoiut  triacaiUhwt). — ^A.  food  fidi  found,  on  tha 
Atlantic  coai*  Iran  Maine  to  Fktida.  It  is  called  "butterfish"  in 
Massachusetts  and  New  York,  "harvest-fiah  "  in  New  Jersey,  "doUar- 
fiah"  in  Maine,  "sheepshead"  and  "skipjack"  about  Cape  Cod, 
"pumpki^fledl"  in  OoBMdiettt,  and  '^ahidUi*  at  Notfolk.  It 
haa  an  a^fgt  lnjai  at  7  to  •  tWhw^  maA  ia  i  M^ht  in  teiii|»  aad 
pounds. 

Cabbilla. — A  name  applied  indiscriminately  to  several  serranoid 
ishea  of  the  amrthem  coast  <rf  California.  They  are  also  called  "rock 
baas,"  "kelp  salmon,"  "Johnny  Verde,"  "lockee  cod"  (Chinese), 
etc.  They  are  from  I  to  2  feet  long,  weigh  2  to  5  pounds,  and  axe 
used  extenrively  for  food. 

Calico  bass  (Pomoxis  sparoides). — A  food  fish  fotmd  in  the  Great 
Lakes,  in  the  Mississippi  Valley,  and  in  the  streams  of  the  Carolinaa 
and  eastern  Georgia.  In  Lake  Erie  and  in  Ohio  generally  it  is  called 
*'s(nwlMRy  baaa"  or  "gtMS  baas;"  in  Lake  Michigan,  "barfish;" 
in  Illinois,  "calico  bass;"  in  the  South,  "gog^e-^e"  or  "goggle- 
eyed  perch;"  also  sometimes  called  "bitter-head,"  and  "lamp- 
lighter." It atnefageafroml  to Spoondaia  weight,  andiacM^ 
with  hock  and  line. 

Candlefish. — See  Eulachon.  The  black  candlefish  (AnophpoTna 
fyt^tria)  is  found  on  the  Pacific  coast  from  Monterey  northward. 

Gamiir  ( JfaBMa*  viUostu).— A  small  fish  of  the  smelt  family 
found  in  the  north  Atlantic  as  far  south  as  Maine,  in  Bering  Sea, 
and  in  the  Arctic  Ocean.  It  reaches  a  length  of  about  12  inches. 
It  ia  valnable  food  for  other  firii,  especially  ^  cod,  and  ia  naed 
extensively  for  bait.  They  are  caught  in  aeinea  and  dip  nets, 
generally  at  night.  The  name  is  incorrectly  appHad  to  the  ailvw- 
side  {Menidia  nolata)  in  the  vicinity  of  Boston. 

CA«r  {Cnfmm  earpio)  .—A  freA  wator  food  HA  of  giaat  infait 
to  fish  culturista,  now  found  in  jwnds  and  streams  in  nearly  every 
state  of  the  Union.  As  a  result  of  domestication  several  varieties 
have  ariMD,  the  principal  oiMa  boing  tt»  "aeale  caip,"  hearily 
scaled,  the  "mirror  carp,"  with  a  few  aeries  of  very  large  scales,  and 
the  "leather  carp,"  naked.  The  size  varies  with  the  temperatoxe 
and  clearness  of  the  water,  the  abundance  and  nature  at  the  food 
■apply,  ^Und  of  bottmi,  etc.  Thay  lira  to  a  lipe  old  age,  and 
sometimes  attain  a  iraif^  flf  MM  Aan  40  pwiada  Aba  kauwift  at 
"German  carp." 

Catfish  (Sihrkbe).—1li»  American  apedea  indode  flw  aea  eal* 
fishes  of  the  Atlantic  coast,  the  channel  cats  of  all  the  riven  eaat  ef 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  the  homed  pout  widely  diatributed  throu^ 
the  brooks  and  ponds  of  the  states,  and  the  diminutive  mad  Uma. 
The  yaihw  apoclw  ava  diatiagniBhed  by  tiw  ccnnmon  names  of 
"channel cat,** "htoecat,"  "Mississippi  cat,"  "mud  cat,"  "flannel- 
mouth,"  "homed  pout,"  "buU-head,"  "minister,"  "goujon," 
"bashaw,"  "gaff-topsail," etc.  IfceyvaryinlengthfromltoSfBet 
and  in  weif^t  from  2  to  150  pounds.  They  are  caught  by  means 
of  nets  ,trap8,  hand  lines,  and  jiigBnig,andarelaigely  oaed  lorlood. 

Cavalla.  See  Crevall^. 

Ono.— 4tat  8|iaiBlah  nMcherel. 

Cetaceans. — Marine  mammals,  more  or  lesa  fishlike  iM  iBKKk, 
found  in  all  seaa,  such  as  whales,  dolphins,  pinpoisea,  etc. 
Channel-bass.— Bed-drum. 

Chicken  halibut.— A  name  applied  to  amall  or  young  halibat. 
They  are  sold  at  a  slightly  higher  price  per  pound  than  the  common- 
sized  fish.  The  name  is  also  incorrectly  applied  to  the  summer 
flomider  (JMHsiAya  dMaHw). 

Chinook  salmon. — 5ccQuinnat. 

Chooset  ( Tautogolabrut  adapentu)—T!biB  fiah  is  found  mostly  in 
bays  and  harbors  on  the  coast  notOi  of  New  Tcrit.  ItisataocaDed 
"cunner,"  "sea  perch,"  "perch,"  "beigall,"  "nippers,"  "bait- 
stealer,"  etc.  It  is  similar  to  the  tautog  in  appearance  and  ia  gen- 
erally associated  with  it;  it  is  from  8  to  10  inches  long,  and  weighs 
about  1  pound.  It  ia  cam^t  ia  bag  nali  aad  wilk  hook  and  Hm, 


APPENDIX. 


Mi 


O^TOb  — This  name  is  given  most  frequently  to  various  species  of 
tha  Cyprimdae.  They  are  found  in  all  parts  of  the  United  State«, 
but  have  no  great  value  as  food  fish.  The  name  is  also  applied  to 
the  tautog  ( Tavioga  onttu)  ia  New  Jeney  and  in  the  Chesapeake, 
to  the  spot  {Lewslomm  xanthurus)  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  and  to  the 
laige-mouth  black  bass  (Micropterus  salmoides)  in  North  Carolina. 

Omm  MAfxasBL  (Seemher  japonicus). — A  food  fidi  of  mudi  less 
value  than  the  common  mackerel,  which  it  closely  resembles.  It 
is  found  insularly  along  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasta  and  in  the 
ftdfic  as  far  north  as  Monterey.  It  is  also  called  ' '  thimble-eye, ' ' 
"big-eyed  mackerel,"  "bvllmackeral,"  "eaatermaiAenl,"  "tinker 
mackerel,"  and  "little  mackerel."  It  reaches  a  length  of  about 
1  foot,  and  on  account  of  its  small  size  very  little  attentim  ia  paid  to 
it  a4iere  the  common  mat^erd  is  found. 

Cigar-fish.— 5ec  Round  robin. 

Cisco  (LeueUAthys  artedi).— One  of  the  lesser  whitefiahes,  found 
hi  the  Great  Lakes  and  neighboring  waters.  Other  names  are ' '  lake 
herring,"  "Michigan  herring,"  etc.  The  usual  ki^th  ia  a  little 
more  than  12  inches.  It  belongs  to  the  salmon  &mily.  The  name 
fa  also  applied  to  a  related  species  of  less  economic  importance. 

Oam.— A  name  given  to  bivalve  moDuslEs  largely  used  for  food 
and  bait;  found  on  all  our  coasts.  Various  species,  most  of  iHiich 
are  edible,  are  known  by  the  names  of  "soft  clam,"  "long  clam," 
"butter-fish,"  "mananose,"  "nanninose,"  "squirt  clam,"  "quk- 
haug,"  "hard  clam,"  "surf  chm^  "sea  dam,"  "hen  chm," 
"beach  clam."  "dipper,"  "skimmer,"  "painted  clam,"  "cuneata 
ckm,  '  "round  Chun,"  "UttieWieck  clam,"  "gapere,"  "tcUene" 
^iat  clam,"  "raaor  ckm,"  "raaor*h,"  "knife-handle,"  "bull- 
noee,"  etc.  The  fishing  or  digging  of  these  bivalves  forms  an  im- 
portant industry  in  both  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  states.  Dredges, 
mkes,  tongs,  hoes,  forks,  and  baskets  are  used  in  gathering  them. 
Uige  quantities  asa  adtod  or  pickled  and  sold  for  bait. 

Cobia  (Rachycentron  canadum).— One  of  the  most  important  food 
fishes  of  Maryland  and  Viiginia,  and  found  less  abundantly  along 
the  entife  coast  from  Gape  Cod  southward.  It  is  caUed  "bonito" 
and  "  coalfish  "  in  the  Chesapeake;  "aecgeant^"  in  soutibon  and 
•astern  Florida;  "ling"  and  "snooks"  in  western  Flfllida;  and 
"crab-eater."   It  averages  from  2  to  3  feet  in  length. 

Cod  {Gadut  eaOanat).— One  at  the  most  importnt  food  fishes  of 
the  United  States.  It  is  caught  most  extensivdy  idong  the  coasts 
^  i^^***^^®  England,  and  British  America.    It  varies 

in  w«ig^  from  S  to  75  pounds.  It  is  caught  wi  th  hand  lines,  trawls 
nets,  etc.,  and  is  sold  fresh,  pickled,  salted,  and  dried.  Food  pi^ia^ 
rations,  such  as  boneless  and  desiccated  fish,  are  also  made  from 
cod.  The  sounds  are  used  in  the  manu^ture  of  glue.  The  Alaska 
cod  (Qadus  maavctpkdm)  is  an  important  food  &h  foond  from 
Bermg  Sea  to  Oregon. 

The  sldlfish  (Anoplopoma  fimbria)  is  known  as  the  "black  cod." 
The  redfirii  (JSAtatoitt  meUmopt)  fa  known  as  the  "lod  cod." 
The  cultus  cod  {Ophiodon  rfewftm)  fa  alwaya  called  "oodfth" 

where  the  true  cod  is  unknown. 

Conch  (5from6tM  giga»).—K  large  sea  snaU  found  on  the  Atlantic 

coast  and  eztsnsiveiy  gathered  and  sold  for  ornaments,  for  the 

manufacture  of  porcelain  and  lime,  and  for  medicinal  purposes. 

The  animal  is  used  as  food  in  Key  Weat.  A  valuable  peori  ia  some^ 
timss  derived  itmn  it. 

Crab.— A  general  term  applied  to  various  kinda^  decapod  crus- 
taceans found  along  the  entire  coast.  The  different  species  vary 
"Mch  in  size,  habit,  and  use,  and  are  designated  blue,  fiddler, 
psen,  hermit,  honedioe,  jonah,  ke^,  king,  lady,  mud,  oyster,  red' 
rock,  sand,  sea,  soldier,  spider,  stone,  etc.  The  edible  crabs  have 
names  appUed  by  the  catchers,  describing  the  different  conditions 
at  flie  riidl.  While  ahedding  they  are  known  as  "hardHshell  " 
"comer,"  "buster,"  "peeler,"  and  "shedder;"  while  growing' a 
new  shell,  "soft-shell,"  "paper-shell,"  "buckler,"  and  "hard- 
^1."  The  gathering  of  crabs  is  an  important  industry  along  the 
WlinAtlMitiecoait.  They  ara  caught  with  acrap  nets,  dip  nets. 


pots,  aeinea,  tm^  hand  Hues,  spean,  and  tongs,  and  are  used  for 

food,  bait,  and  fertilizers.   The  fertilizers  are  sold  as  "cancerine." 

Crappie  {Pomoxis  annularis).— A  fresh-water  food  fish  found  in 
the  Mississippi  Valley,  Local  names  are  "  bachelor,"  "new  light," 
"campbelU  te, "  "  sac-d-lait, "  "  chinquapin  peich,'*  ete.  It  fa  soM- 
times  confounded  with  the  caliro  bas^  (Povwxis  sparoidex). 

Crayfish,  or  Crawfish.— A  decapod  crustacean  found  in  moat  of 
the  freah-water  streams  ef  North  Ametica.  It  fa  sometimes  called 
the  "spring  lobster."  The  prmcipal  supply  is  obtained  at  New 
Orleans,  in  the  Potomac,  and  near  the  Great  Lakea,  and  the  prin- 
cipal markets  are  New  York  and  New  Orleans. 

Crevalle  {Caranx  kippo$).~A  food  fish  verydbuadaatoB  the  east 
Florida  and  Gulf  coasts,  and  occafiinnally  found  as  far  north  as  Cape 
Cod.  Local  names  are  "crevall6,"  "horse  ctevalli,"  "horae- 
mackerd^"  etc.  The  average  wtif^t  fa  12  pounds.  The  name  fa 
also  applied  to  the  cero  {Scomberomorus  cavalla). 

Croakbb  {Mieropogon  undulalus).—K  fcod  fi.«h  found  mostly  in 
the  South,  but  aometimes  caught  as  far  north  as  New  York.  Local 
names  are  "crocus"  and  "ronco."  It aven^  aboat  10  Inrhw 
length.    Large  quantities  are  caug|U  in       Chdf  witti  head  KMi 
and  seines,  and  sell  at  low  prices. 

Alao  a  focal  name  for  bfaw  snrf-liA  ( AnUotoea  jaekmmi)  at  San 
Di^o,  and  for  the  froA-wator  iam  ( Ijtlfftfaofai  fnanriane)  hi 
northern  Indiana 

CUVKSL—Hm  spawn  of  the  oyster;  also  materials  used  to  form 
the  spawning  bed  for  oysters. 

Cultus  cod  {Ophiodon  elongatus).—A  common  food  fiah  found  on 
the  Pacific  coast  from  Sitka  to  Santa  Barbara.  Common  names  are 
"codfish,"  "ling,*'  "bMtedood,"  "b«IWocod,'*  "bhieood,"  ete. 

1 1  avenges  about  8  poaads  in  weight,  and  fa  cai^  OB  hsoka  aad  ia 

sweqpneta. 

Cuneata  clam  {Gnatkodon  cuneatus).—ThiB  clam  is  found  in  laige 
quantities  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  fa  used  aa  an  article  of  food. 
The  shell  is  used  for  road  making.  The  famous  shell  roads  of  tte 
South  are  constructed  of  tJbese  shells,  taken  from  Lakes  PoiUdhaa> 
train  and  Salvador. 

CuNKER. — See  Chogset. 

CusK  {Brosme  hrosme). — ^A  deep-wator  InnH  ftJf  fomwi  »*f  Art^-- 
tic  Ocean  north  of  Cape  Cod. 

CuTTLB-nsH  ( ( \  phaU)po4a).--iUankB  food  in  large  nnadwn  all 
along  the  coast.  The  "common  squid, "  "octopus,  "  "calamary, " 
"sea  arrow, "  etc.,  are  different  species  found  in  particular  localities. 
They  are  caught  in  &h  pounds,  seines,  weirs,  and  tEawla,and  with 
fishhooks;  large  numbers  are  also  taken  by  driving  them  on  Aon  1^ 
"torching."  Some  are  caught  with  a  peculiar  arrangement  of 
hooks  called  a  "squid  jig. "  Different  species  vary  in  l^igth  froM 
a  few  inches  to  50  fe^  llkqrarsiBqMttairtasabaitforaMayiMefBl 
fish  and  a.s  fo<xl  for  man.  Oil,  "cuttle  bona,**  ■  ikntifthw,  ««<f% 
ink,  etc.,  are  also  obtained  from  them. 

Dacb.— A  ctmmion  name  applied  to  <UiienBt  qieciea  of  the  Cyp- 
rinidae  family,  generally  modified  by  80aw  dasrrfpiiia  m 
"homed  dace, "  "red  dace,  "  etc. 

Diamond-back. — See  Terrapin. 

DoonsH  (Squahu  eesnHfaa).— A  shark  found  abundantiy  in  Uw 

north  Atlantic,  sometimes  ranging  south  to  Cuba.  On  the  Fhcifie 
coast  is  found  5.  ««aWtt.  It  reaches  a  length  of  3  feet .  They  are 
captured  for  tihdr  liven  and  skins,  the  former  producing  huge  qluan- 
titiea  of  ml,  and  the  fatter,  when  dried,  being  used  for  pcrfiahi^  par. 
poses.  The  names  "smooth-dogfish,"  "horned  dnjrfish,"  etc.,  are 
apfdied  to  related  species.   The  name  dogfish  is  also  applied  to  the 

bowfin(il«MBtiMesina)  in  die  region  of  the  Gnat  Late  and  tothe 

burbot  {Lota  maculosa)  about  Lake  Erie. 

Dolphin. — 1.  Cetaceans  abundant  everywhere  in  temperate  and 
tropical  seas;  also  known  by  the  names  of  "porpoise, "  "cowfish, " 
"herring-hogs, "  "puffers, " ete.  Doiphiasarafrom  5  to  15 feetk^f 
and  weigh  from  100  to  500  pounds.  They  are  captured  in  nets,  by 
harpooning,  and  by  driving  them  ashore,  and  aie  used  for  butaai 


SIO 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


lor  the  oil  and  leather  they  produce.  2.  A  pnhgir  fiah  {Cetjffkmm 
k^pmnu)  aometimea  found  on  our  coasts. 

P— (^»iww  ill  Mwii).— 1.  A1h8»M  M  food  piMtifally 
il  AvSDUth  Atlantic  Ocean  and  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  occasionally 
IritM  m  far  north  as  Cape  Cod.  The  young  and  adult  fish  are 
■mm.U»dj  known  ma  "atriped  dram"  and  "black  drom."  The 
«T«nige  veigfat  is  20  pounds.  They  are  caught  in  seines  and  gill  nets 
and  with  hook  and  line.  The  fle8h  is  coarse,  but  sweet  and  tender. 
TW  and  silvery  scales  are  used  in  the  manufacture  of  "fish- 
is  found  in  all  lanro  bixlios  nf  water  from  the  Great  Lakes  to  the  Rio 
It  is  known  as  the  "sheepehead  "  on  the  Great  Lakes;  as 
,*"*t*Uto  perch, "  and  "gray  perch"  on  the  Ohio  Biver;  as 
r  on  the  lakes  of  northon  Imjinm:  m  "dnon"  and  "thun- 
der-pumper"  in  the  Southern  states;  and  as  "gaspergou"  in 
Arkanwas,  Louisiana,  and  Texas.   "Jewel-head  "  ia  sometimes  heard. 

llwirlMnlitA«i4ht>ndn»i^|h><ffc—i ^toWpoaadi.  It 
ii  a  food  fish,  but  no*  «l  Im  ^gmiity.  t.  MttUk  m  «ed  4mm 
(ScuBMips  ocetiatitf). 

-— Ood  or  other  fiA  tihnt  are  dacknnlted  and  dried  or 
I  a  daik  room  until  thejr  tMiaB  Mifear  ar^Miailar.  They 
esteemed  for  food. 
I  {AnguUla  chri^pa). — vecj  eoMmon  food  fish  found  in  all 


and  salt  waters.  E!els  are  caught  in  weirs,  nets,  traps,  pots,  baskets, 
and  with  spcaw  and  hand  lines,  and  are  aold  freah  and  canned ,  The 
akin  is  nnd  for  inechaniral  purposes. 

EuukCWMf  (llei(MiCl|e  pm!ifiau).—X  small  fish  common  in  the 
and  coast  waters  of  the  north  Pacific.  The  Indian  name 
(hooJakins)  is  often  used.  The  trade  name  is  "candle- 
ft*."  Om  OilMitTi  Bhwr  the  mam  **mmH''  fa  wmd.  The 
lengdi  avenges  a  little  less  than  1  foot.  It  is  an  excellent  food  fish, 
and  isaboofimpMtancefar  theotlityiektak  vhichiawedaaaattb- 
aticate  for  cod-liv«  oil. 

ItenacK  (Bmbenoptgra  physalus). — ^This  is  a  large  whale  common 
to  all  seas.    It  attains  a  length  of  about  70  feet,  and  ia  captured  by 
;  or  by  the  use  of  the  bomb  lance.   It  yields  very  little  oil 

ftk-ific  coast. 

Flatfish. — name  applied  to  a  large  group  of  fishes  which  have 
Ihe  body  wuaA  comiwesBed,  both  eyes  on  one  side  of  Uie  head,  the 
hfind  aiin  cakriaaa  and  usually  lowermost  in  the  water.  It  is  the 
common  name  given  to  the  family  of  flounders  (Pleuronectidx). 

FuavKDSM.  {PUuronedidae). — The  family  of  flounders  ia  composed 
ii*e  tHholi  (MiMT),  Hbm  ha»MrtB  (Mppoglomuui^  the  pfadcee 
(PlewronectiTue),  and  probably  the  soles  (Soleidse).  The  name  is 
VMianaly  implied  to  the  flat  fi^es  foimd  on  all  our  coasts,  as  "Amer- 
km  aofe,"  "bastard  halibut,"  "Monterey  halibut,"  "winter  floun- 
der,'* "  starry  flounder,"  "roug^  limanda,"  "diamond  flounder," 
"kmg-finnedsole,"  "sand-dab,"  "rougjidab,"  "Greenland  turbot," 
"pole  flounder,"  "craig  flounder,"  "spotted  sand  flounder,"  etc. 
Tkejr  ane  el  al  mmm  and  tmj  hi  Aipe;  caaght  in  aawu,  ponnda, 
aeinea,  aai  artik  aid  aMi  laai  IM  «NI  pfli^  aad  asU  iv  iaod 
and  bait. 

Fun  SKAL  (Oo22orfttntu  urtinus). — ^A  fur-bearing  sea  mammal  foimd 
kmm  Gafifonia  noiAwaid;  mpaaOtf  abaadant  iqion  the  VtabSki 
I^nds.  Its  skin  is  of  great  commeidal  mdaa.  MM  teh  ia  aot 
med  far  food  except  by  the  natives. 

GavM  (lyioMvae  aiarMw).— A  M  of  fittle  ecowMaie  impor- 
tance coanaon  on  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts  from  Maine  to  Texas. 
It  •  'ft en  a<»rends  rivers  for  great  distances.  It  is  also  called  "needle- 
fish °  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  "garfish"  on  the  Altantic  coast,  and 
"tia  ■jpii.**  "mtnt  pr,"  and  *'mut'*  in  cHlierait  localitieB. 
It  is  about  2^  feet  long  and  weighs  about  2  pounds.  Other  ipeaes 
I  known  as  "needle-fish"  and  "hound fish"  or  "agujon." 

{Lfpimmvt  OHM*).— A  ihatoaiHiie  ftdi  foond  m  the 
I,  throughout  the  Mississippi  TaOey,  and  in  most  of  the 
OtharawM  liHaawd  am 


"billfish,"  "swordfish,"  '  long-nosed  gar-pike,"  etc.  Itieacheaa 
length  of  5  or  6  feet.   The  flesh  is  tough  and  not  edible. 


and  has  thai 
ward. 

The  alligator  gar  (L.  tritUedtiu)  ieioand  in  all  waters  tributary  to  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico  aa  Imt  nmth  as  the  Ohio  River.  It  attains  a  length 
of  10  feet,  but  averages  about  2  feet.    It  is  of  no  value  as  a  food  fish. 

Gaspkbsau. — ^The  Canadian  name  for  the  alewife  {Pomolobm 

Goldfish  (Ceerastiut  auratus). — A  small  fresh- water  fish,  closely 
allied  to  the  carp,  native  to  eastern  China.  They  are  used  only  as 
ornaments  for  aquaria.  The  name  ia  alao  i^^died  to  a  Oilifainiia 
damsel-fish  {Hypgypopt  fuNnaidht). 

Goody. — See  Spot. 

GoosEfisH  {Lophiiu  piscatoritu). — ^A  laige  aluggiah  fiah  found  on 
the  nntiiAtiantfeeoaBt  from  Nova  Scotk  to  O^wLookMft.  Local 
names  are  "angler,"  "fishing  frog,"  monkfish,"  "bellows-fiah," 
"molligut,"  "all-mouth,"  "wide-gape,"  "kettleman,"  etc.  It 
readicBaleogtho{4ieetandawei|^Qf  Mpomda.  Although  pala- 
table, it  is  mUimi  aaad  ior  iaod,  baiag  piiacipall^  «iai  aa  hiit  for 
lobster  pots. 

Gbampvs  {Chramput  griaem). — A  large  dolphin  taken  on  the  Atlan- 
tic coMt.  IikafaocaDed"cowlUi.»  ItattahMak^ollStoSO 
feet,  and  is  vafandble  for  the  oil  it  yields.  A  maaUar  apedaa  (0. 

fUamtn)  is  foimd  on  the  California  coast. 

Gratlino  ( Thymallxu  signifer). — ^^beautifol  fiah  fotmd  in  Aladca. 
It  averages  10  or  11  inches  in  length  and  half  a  pound  in  weight. 
Varieties  are  found  in  Montana  ( T.  montanut)  aad  Michigan  (T.  Iri> 
color)  and  are  of  great  interest  to  anglers. 

Ckaar  waaLa  (JUaeftianartu  jjaawM).— -A  hage  whale  fnnad  rieag 
the  Pacific  coast;  also  called  "devilfish,"  "hard-head,"  "gray 
back,"  "rip  sack,"  "mussel  digger,"  etc.  It  avenges  35  or  40  feet 
in  length,  and  is  captured  for  its  oil  and  baleen. 

Green  turtle  {Chelonia  midas). — ^This  turtle  is  foimd  on  the  coast 
from  Long  Island  Sound  to  Florida  and  along  the  Gulf  coast.  In  the 
di^erent  localities  it  varies  in  size,  from  8  pounds  at  Beaufort,  N.  C^, 
to  1,000  pomida  at  Cedar  Keys,  Fk.  The  terii  ct  this  turtle  fofnai 
the  basis  of  the  well-known  turtle  soup;  the  eggi  are  valuable  for 
food  and  for  the  oil  they  yield.  A  cloaely  leh^ed  Wptdet  ia  found 
on  the  coast  of  southern  California. 

Oanaa. — ^A  young  salmon  on  its  first  return  to  fresh  water,  usually 
in  its  second  year  of  life.  It  then  weighs  from  2  to  O^powada,  fad  ia 
of  great  value  as  a  food  fish.  See  Salmon. 

Gnovmt  (Epimgpkdmy.—A.  food  fiah  foond  off  the  south  Atbatic 
coast  and  in  the  OalL  The  different  q>ecies  are  known  as  "red 
grouper, "  "  brown  snapper,"  red-bellied  snapper, ""  black  grouper, ' ' 
"jewfiah,"  "Warsaw,"  "spotted  hind,"  "banded  grouper,"  "rock- 
fish,"  etc.  They  TBry  in  size  greatly,  the"  jewfiflh"  exceeding  100 
pounds.  All  are  caught  with  hook  and  line.  The  name  ' ' grouper  " 
ia  alao  applied  to  the  rock  cod  of  southern  California  and  to  the  triple- 
tafl  of  tiie  St.  Johna  Bimr. 

Grunt.— The  name  of  several  small  Exmulidx  quite  common  of? 
the  south  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts,  and  sometimes  found  on  the 
California  coast.  Different  species  are  known  as  "black  grunt," 
"led^nooth  grant,"  "flaanelnaoiithed  poigy,"  "pigfidi,"  *'hag- 
fid»,"  "sailor's  choice,"  "sargo,"  "pork-fish,"  etc.  All  are  caught 
with  hook  and  line  and  are  valued  as  food  fish.  They  make  a  pecul- 
iar grunting  noise  when  takm  out  of  tiie  water. 

Haddock  ( Melanogrammiu  ttgi^fintu). — A  food  fish  found  ia  the 
Atlantic  north  of  the  Delaware  capes;  called  "dickie"  in  some 
localities.  It  averages  in  weight  from  4  to  6  pounds.  It  is  exten- 
rively  caai^  for  a  tnA  food  fidi,  and  is  also  salted,  pkUed,  and 
dried,  mien  slack-salted  and  smoked  it  is  sold  under  the  name 
of  "haddie.*'  The  sounds  are  used  in  the  manufacture  of  glue. 
Tmwls  and  hand  lines  are  need  in  catching  tfaem. 

Hake  (  Urophycis). — Not  true  hakes.  A  food  fish  found  off  the 
Atiantic  coast  fitom  Kewfoundlaad  to  O^te  HatteiM  Diffemt 


APPENDIX 


311 


species  are  known  as  "old  English  hake,"  "squirrel  hake,"  "white 
hake,"  "Hng,"  "king  hake,"  "codling,"  etc.  Ihey  are  often  pre- 
pared under  the  trade  name  of  "boneless fish."  Theyaverage  from 
li  to  2  feet  in  length  and  3  to  8  pounds  in  weight,  and  are  caught 
near  muddy  bottoms  with  trawls  and  hand  lines  and  in  weirs  and 
trapH.  They  are  eaten  fresh,  and  are  salted  and  dried,  and  pickled 
in  barrels.  The  sound,  or  air  bladder,  is  of  great  commercial 
importance  in  the  manufacture  of  isinglass.  The  name  is  also 
I4>piied  to  the  kingfiah  (MenHeminu  muntait)  on  the  coast  <A  New 
Jersey  and  Delaware.  The  California  hake  (Merlticdus  producttis) 
and  the  New  England  whiting  (MerlueciuM  biUn$an$)  or  "sUver 
hake  "  are  true  hakes. 

Halibut  (Hippoglosaua  hippogloMUM).—Tlt»  bigest  and  most 
valuable  of  the  flat  fishes;  found  in  the  North  Atlantic  and  Pacific 
Oceans.  It  is  one  of  the  largest  species  used  for  food,  sometimes 
weig^bhig  over  900  poonds.  The  avenge  we^t  is  from  50  to  75 
pounds.  It  is  caught  with  trawls  and  hand  lines.  There  are  three 
grades  of  halibut.  The  "white,"  which  has  its  underside  immac- 
ulate, &  considered  best  and  brings  the  highest  price;  the  "gray" 
is  blotched  on  the  under  side  and  sells  tat  a  thud  leas;  the  "sour" 
is  tainted,  and  brings  only  about  one-fourth  as  much  as  the  "white." 
Small  young  fish,  weighing  from  10  to  20  pounds,  are  called  "chick- 
ens," and  are  mudh  sought  aftor  by  epicures.  Halibut  are  sold 
fresh  and  are  also  cured  and  smoked.  The  napes  are  pickled. 
An  oil  used  for  cuirying  purposes  is  made  from  the  head,  and  the 
lesidue  is  used  as  a  fertiliier  under  the  name  of  "chum."  See 
Floand«r. 
Hauotis. — See  Abalone. 

Hawks-bill  turtle  {Chelonia  iwiftricato).— This  turtle  is  found 
on  the  Atlantic  coast  south  of  North  OaioUna  and  throughout  the 
Gulf.  It  is  also  called  the  "tortoise  diell  turtle."  It  reaches  a 
weight  of  about  300  pounds.  It  is  of  no  value  for  food,  but  is 
cai^t  for  the  hornlike  scales  or  plates  which  cover  its  bony  shell, 
w^iich  iorm  the  "tortoise  shell"  of  mainmrre  A  doeely  i^ited 
species  is  found  on  the  Pacific  coast. 

Herring  {Clupea  harengut).—X  very  important  food  fish  found 
ia  the  north  Athmtic  as  fur  south  as  Sandy  Hook;  it  is  never  found 
in  brackish  or  fresh  waters.  "Speriing"  and  "brit"  denotediffei^ 
ences  in  the  age  of  the  fish.  They  weigh  from  one-half  to  1  pound ; 
average  length,  10  inches.  They  are  caught  in  pounds,  t»ps,' 
weirs,  and  gill  nets,  and  by  "torehing."  As  a  food  fish  they  are 
used  fresh,  salted,  pickled,  smoked,  and  canned;  used  also  exten- 
sively for  bait  in  the  cod,  haddock,  halibut,  and  hake  fisheries. 

The  name  is  also  applied  to  the  Gulf  menhaden  {Brevoortia 
patronm)  on  the  Texas  coast  and  to  the  menhaden  (B.  ^ramtiM)  in 
southern  Florida.  The  hickory  shad  {Dorosnma  cepedianum)  is 
»lled  "thread  herring"  in  North  Carolina.  The  "big-eyed  her- 
ring" {Elops  mvrm)  appears  in  Am«ica  n<wth  to  the  Oarolinas  and 
Gulf  of  California.  The  California  herring  {Clupea  pallasi)  is  found 
the  entire  length  of  the  Pacific  coast.  The  Rocky  Mountain  white- 
fish  {Cangonm  wiOiaimtom)  is  called  "mountain  herring"  in  Utah. 
For  "lake  herring"  and  "Michigan  herring,"  see  Cisco;  for  "branch 
hemng,""  big-eyed  herring,"  "wall-eyed  herring,"  "glut  herring," 
"Englidi  herring,"  "sjwing  herring,"  and  "summer  herring,"  ue 
Alewife;  for  "fall  herring,"  tee  Mattowacca. 

HoGKisH  (Lachnolaimus  maximus).~A  much-esteemed  food  fish 
found  about  the  Florida  reefs,  where  it  is  caught  by  line  fishermen. 
It  avetages  8  to  6  pounds  in  weight.  The  name  is  also  applied  to 
Ae  log  perch  (Percina  caprodes),  to  the  pigfish  (OrtkopriHit  ekriftop- 
ttnu),  and  to  the  blunt-nosed  shiner  (  Selene  vo>ncr^. 

HoRKBD  POUT  {Ameiwrua  nebuloms).—^  catfish  found  in  the 
fresh  waters  of  the  Eastern,  Northern,  and  Southern  states,  and  in 
California.  It  is  also  called  " bull-head, "  "bull-pout, "  " minister, " 
etc.   It  averages  about  12  inches  in  length  and  IJ  pounds  in  weight. 

HoaNar-aa^n.— A  small  dace  (Ilybopsis  kentuckiensis),  found 
rfwindantly  in  rivers  from  New  York  to  Alabama  and  in  the  West. 

Horsefish.— 5e«  Blunt-nosed  shiner.  The  name  ia  also^ffisd 
to  the  sauger  (Stizoatedion  canadense). 


Horsetoot.— A  local  name  f.>r  tli^-  hiTscshw-  crab  or  king  crab. 

Horse-hackerbi.  ( Thynnui  Oiyunus),—The  largest  of  the  mack- 
erel family,  found  <m  the  A^tic  coast  to  Newfouadhaid  and  on 
the  California  coast  to  Monterey  Bay.  Also  called  "tunny," 
"tuna,"  and  "albacore."  The  average  length  is  about  8  feet.  A 
good  food  fidk  and  yields  much  oil,  etc.  The  name  is  also  applied 
to  the  bluefish  (Ponialomue  talUUrix)  in  Rhode  IsUnd;  to  the  jnrel 
iCanmx  chrysos)  at  f^jrt  Macon;  to  the  crevall^  (Caranr  hippos); 
to  the  California  hake  {Merlucciue  productus)  on  the  Pacific  coast' 
and  to  seveial  Pacific  coast  species  of  little  importance. 

Horseshoe  crab  (Limulus  polyphemus).—A  crustacean  found 
on  the  Atlantic  coast  in  large  numbers;  also  called  "king  crab," 
"hoiB^DOt,"  etc.  It  tt  caught  by  hand  and  in  pounds  and  weirs, 
and  is  used  for  both  bait  and  food,  bat  aoat  extsMtvely  for 
ing  purposes. 

Humpback  (Megaptera  nodoea).—A  whale  found  in  both  the 
Atlantic  and  Padfic  Oceans.  It  attains  a  length  of  50  iset.  It  ia 

valuable  for  its  oil,  hut  th.-  baleen  is  short  and  of  poor  quafilj. 

Humpbacked  BurrERFisH.—iSee  Blunt-nosed  shiner. 

J^CK. — A  name  applied  to  the  common  pickerel  {Etox  retievdatue) 
in  the  South,  to  tlie  b  x  accio  {Sebastodes  paucispinit)  on  the  Pm±Bc 
coast,  and  to  the  wall-eyed  pike  (^ftiosfarfww  aAMHa)  ia  the  Seath. 

Jack-fish.— .See  Jurel. 

Jack  saucom.— Wall-eyed  pike. 

Jewfish  (Stereolepis  gigas).— The  laigest  food  fish  found  on  the 
Pacific  coast,  sometimes  reaching  a  weight  of  500  pounds.  It  i.n  a  1*> 
called  "Mack  sea-bass."  The  name  is  altw  applied  to  the  black 
grouper  (Garrupa  nigrita)  in  Florida  and  Texi|s^  and  to  tile  tarpon 
{Tarpon  atlanticu^)  in  Georgia  and  Florida. 

JVKKL  ( Caranx  c/iryso8).~A.  food  fish  found  along  the  Atlantic  and 
Gulf  coasts.  It  is  known  about  Bmuso^  as  "juiel"  and  "haid- 
tail;"  along  the  Florida  cast  as  "jack-fish"  and  "skipjack;"  in 
South  Carolina  as  the  "  horse  crevall^; "  at  Fort  Macon  as  the  ' '  horse- 
mackerel; "  and  about  New  York  and  oa  the  coast  of  New  Jersey  as 
the  "yellow  mackerel."  They  meaaare  from  12  to  18  iaehea  ia 
length,  and  are  caught  in  seines. 

Killer  whale  '^Orca  orcaj.—A  whale  from  15  to  30  feet  loiig  that 
abounds  in  both  the  AtJantic  and  Pacific  Oceuis,  but  is  selcfoin 
captured.  The  Makah  Indian.s  of  Washington  consider  them  choice 
food.  The  jaws,  studded  with  strong,  conical  teeth,  are  sold  aa 
curfodties. 

King  crab. — See  Horseshoe  crab. 

KiNOFisH  {Mentkirrhns  saxatilis).—^  food  fish  found  ©n  the 
coasts  of  the  Middle  and  South  Atlantic  states,  and  occasionally  on 
the  Gulf  coast.  It  is  caUed  "hake"  in  New  Jetsey,  "tomood"  in 
Connecticut,  "black  mullet"  in  the  Chesapeake,  "sea  mink"  ia 
North  Carolina,  and  "whiting  "in  the  South.  AlaoaooMawaaaaM 
for  the  cero  (Seomberomonu  eavalla). 

Kino  salmon.— .Scf  Quinnat.  , 

Ladyfi.sh  (Alhutd  lulpcsK—A  fish  of  wide  distribution  in  tem- 
perate and  tropical  wat«rs;  found  on  the  Atlantic  coast  as  far  north 
as  Cape  Cod,  in  the  Golf  of  Mexico,  and  on  the  Fhdfic  coast  to  San 
Diego.  On  account  of  its  beautiful ookr it aaUtna^ly;  hatiaaot 
much  esteemed  as  a  table  fish. 

Lakx  hbbrino. — See  Cisco. 

Lake  trout  (Cristivomer  nornqFoial).— The  treat  fbuid  in  the 
Great  Lakes  and  in  the  smaller  lakes  of  the  Northern  states.  In 
different  localities  the  individuals  vary  greatly  in  color,  size,  and 
diape,  and  are  known  by  tiM  local  names  "salnum  trout, "  "namay- 
cush,"  "togue,"  "tohMii,"  "Mackinaw  trout,"  "lake  aalaMNi," 
"black  trout,"  "reef  trout,"  "toage^"  etc.  The  "daooa«t"  ii 
another  variety  of  this  species. 

Lamprey  {Petromyzonid»).^A.  fidi  of  fittle  ooauaerdal  value, 
found  in  neariy  all  the  fresh  and  brackish  waters  of  the  United 
States.   It  is  also  known  by  the  names  "lamper  eel,"  "nine-ey«u" 

Lant  (AmmodyUs  americanus).-~A  small  fish  found  (Ml  tha north 
Atlantic  co^t,  probably  as  far  south  aa  ^^Tylnnfi,  and  A.  jainiidai 


iis 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


in  Gtlifornia  and  Alaoka.  It  is  also  known  as  the  "sand  eel "  and 
**flaid-Jaiice,' '  because  it  frequently  imbeds  itself  in  the  sand.  The 

Ling.— A  local  name  given  to  the  hake  ( Urophycis)  in  the  Gulf  of 
St.  LAvreoceaiidsoath  <rf  Cape  Cod;  to  the  burbot  {Loia  maadosa) 
fa  hOm  ObimIu,  tfce  hikea  of  wwtetn  Nenr  Toik,  and  in  tlie  New 

Yatk  market;  to  the  mutton-fish  (Zoarces  anguillarit)  in  different 
localities;  to  the  cobia  (Itachycentrom  canadum)  in  western  Florida; 
•■i  to  tiie  cultoB  cod  (Opkiodon  elongatus)  about  Puget  Sound. 

economic  importance,  found  on  the  Atlantic  coast  from  Delaware  to 
Labiador.  It  aretages  about  11  inches  in  length  and  about  2  pounds 
k  ve%iit,  fe«t  tike  rfM  yttim  wiA  loealitieB  and  bmmm.  It  ia 

cangfat  in  pots  and  traps  especially  c<Hi8t7ucted  for  this  fishery. 
The  ''spiny  lobster*'  of  California  and  Fkoda  ii  * 
it  aroages  3^  pounds  in  weight. 

▼alue,  found  in  the  Atlantic  as  far  north  as  Massachusetts  and  in  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  reaches  a  weight  of  1,500  pounds,  but  those 
IAm  afwage  only  abovt  W  ponndi.  They  are  caught  by  diven. 
Only  a  saMD  number  are  sold  for  food,  as  the  flesh  is  not  palatable, 
the  eggs  are  highly  esteoMd.  Am  kiiedor  quali^  o<  oil  ia 
from  this  turtle. 

t  (Cytlilif  m  fcMjii).-A»  oirialdy      widely  d»> 
ti3>uted  thiiiii^oiit  the  n(»th  Atlantic,  ranging  on  the  coast  as  far 
I  Bay.  The  avenge  weight  is  about  5  pounds. 
'.  value,  Init  on  acuwuit  ef  ili  Iffi^t  colon  is 
in  the  markets. 

ILiCKERSt,  (Scomber  tcombrus). — A  very  important  food  fish, 
in  the  north  Atlantic  south  to  Cape  Hatteras.  They  range 
1 9  to  18  iMkea  Jb  haglk  aad  I  to  S  poiadi  !■  weii^t,  and  are 
It  in  purse  seines,  pounds,  weirs,  gill  nets,  etc.,  and  with  hook 
Tbiej  are  aold  fresh,  salted,  pickled,  and  canned,  and  are 
for  Wit  Bnall  mntikeni  ave  known  aa  "spikes" 
(3  to  6  inches  long),  "blinkers"  (7  to  8  inches  long),  and  "tinkers" 
(9  inches  long).  See  Atka  nackenl,  Spaaiah  aaackard*  duib 
■arkf  If  1,  horse-mackerel. 
Mammomuu.— &e  Ydkfwtafl. 

Maxatbb  (  Tridiedins  latirostris) . — A  eirenian  found  on  the  Florida 
coaat  in  vcfj  amail  numbers;  also  called  "searcow."  They  are 
Im  f  to  8  ImI  ka^  airf  aiw  eam^t  in  rope  nets  and  witfi  apean  and 
lavdins.  On  account  of  their  scarcitj  they  have  become  very 
TaluableaaapaeiMM.  Pwytoealwwifurtediato food, oil, and 
loathe. 

Minaiu  I—  (JTaiwlBH  eHum).— A  gnat  faoud  in  BcmAen 

Florida;  known  also  aa  "porgy,"  "market-fish,"  etc.  The  largest 
aaaaure  about  16  inches  in  length.  They  are  cau^t  mostly  bait, 
lofttoaoMulaeaBlkerarofloM  ieriood. 

ManKKT-nsH. — See  Margate-fish. 
Masshbahkes. — See  Menhaden. 

Mattowacca  {DcroKma  cepedianum). — A  poor  food  fish  found  on 
Ae  Atlantic  coast  from  Cape  Cod  to  Florida,  ascendii^  riven.  It  is 
called  "hickory  shad"  and  "hicks,"  particularly  in  the  South; 
**tailor  ahad,"  "tailor  herrii^,"  and  "fresh-water  taUor"  in  the 
IMmuc;  aad  "fonraner**  and  "M  herring "  in  eone  rivers,  in 
allusion  to  the  time  of  its  run  and  that  of  the  "white  shad."  It 
1 12  to  IS  indiea  in  length  and  2  to  3  pounds  in  weight. 
LViiA  (JMMmm  ealffbniKnsM).— An  excellent  food  fish 
found  on  the  Galifomia  coast  south  of  Point  Conception;  also  called 
"half-moon."  Itiwdina  wi^tflt  oiSof  4>ew^Mid  of 
about  a  foot. 

C  IM  »iwwiM).— A  Ml  el  tihe  hanii^  fwiriiy, 

1  along  the  Atlantic  seaboard  from  Maine  to  Florida,  smnetimes 
aa  hrackinh  wat«  exteada.  It  is  known  by  a  great 
tte  BMeC  oaouBon  being  "pogy,"  "hard- 
'hard-head  shad,"  "bony  fish,"  "whitefish,"  "moss- 
hunker,"  "bunker,"  "cheboy,"  "marshbanker,"  "alewife,"  "old- 
wiie,"  "eUwile,"  "pilcher,"  "green-tail,"  "bug-fish,"  "bug-ahad," 


"bug-head,"  "fat-back,"  "yellowtail,"  "shiner,"  "herring,"  etc. 
The  average  length  is  10  to  12  inches;  average  weight  two-thirds 
<rf  a  pond  to  1  pound.  Theyaieeaa^tiapuneaeiaeifhaulaainea, 
gill  nets,  set  nets,  and  weirs.  They  are  of  economic  importance 
mainly  for  the  oil  and  guano  which  are  produced  from  them;  they 
are  abo  used  aa  bait  lor  mackerel,  cod.  halibut,  haddock,  sea-baas, 
etc.  As  a  food  fish  they  are  sold  fresh  and  salted  and  canned.  "Fish- 
meal,"  a  food  for  domestic  animals,  is  also  made  from  them.  Jj^ 
other  species  (B.  patronus)  is  found  on  the  Gulf  coast. 

MKsamnwM  ( Congomtt  fmmiHhaerali»).—8m  Whitefirii. 

Merluccio  ( Merluccins  prodiictiis). — A  poor  food  fish  found  on  the 
Pacific  coast  from  Santa  Barbara  northward.  It  is  also  called 
*'hake,**  **hone4Backerel,"  etc.  It  aT««ea  5  to  6  povnda  in 
weight. 

MissoTTKi  SUCKER. — See  Black  horse. 

Moon-eye  {Hiodon  tergisug). — A  beautiful  fresh-water  food  fish 
found  in  the  Lake  region  and  in  tiie  higer  tribntarin  ol  the  Ifinie* 

eippi.  It  is  also  called  "aflver  bass"  and  "toothed  herring."  It 
weighs  from  1  to  2  pounds,  and  is  caught  with  hook  and  line  and  in 
dip  nets.  Alao  a  coBMaoa  name  for  the  eisco  (ArgiproMmu  hoyi)  of 
Lake  Michigan. 

Moonfish  {Chsetodipterus  faber).—A  food  fish  caught  on  the  At- 
hDrtk  coast  from  Woods  Hole  southward,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and 
on  the  California  coast.  In  the  northern  parts  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
it  is  called  "spadefish;"  from  Florida  to  Charleston  "angel-fish;" 
and  at  Beaufort,  N.  C,  "poigee  "  and  "pogy."  The  aven^  lengtit 
is  not  BMre  than  8  indies.  A  local  name  lor  Uimtaond  dte 
(Sdtm  vomer)  in  North  Oaralina  and  Fkrida. 

MoeaavMKBR.— Menhaden. 

MmxKT  (MvffU  eephalus  and  M.  curema). — ^Two  species  of  mullet 
are  found  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  known  as  the  "striped  mullet "  and 
the  "white  mullet."  The  former  is  the  larj^er  and  has  8  instead  of 
9  rays  in  the  anal  fin  and  42  instead  of  38  scales  between  the  gill 
openingsndbaae  of  Scandal  fin.  The  "striped  muOeCialomri 
on  the  Atlantic  coast  from  Cape  Cod  to  Brazil  and  on  the  coast  ol 
southern  California,  ascending  streams;  the  "white  mullet,"  from 
Cape  God  aonthwaid.  Local  namea  are  "bluefiah  mummichog," 
"jumping  mullet,"  "sand  mullet,"  fat-back,"  "silver  mullet," 
"big-eyed  mullet,"  "blue-back  mullet,"  "liza,"  or  "josea." 
M.  eephahu  is  the  most  important  of  all  the  food  fishes  of  the  South, 
and  gnafiy  anrfMnMa  Jf .  eumw  bodi  in  nnnben  and  in  econande 
importance.  It  avensw  about  1  foot  in  length  and  1  pound  in 
weight,  but  sometimea  reaches  a  weight  of  4  to  5  pounds  and  a 
length  of  24  indies.  It  is  caught  in  haul  seines,  gill  nets,  cast  nets^ 
pound  nets,  etc.,  and  is  sold  fresh  and  salted;  the  roe  is  also  very 
valuable  food,  and  is  sold  fresh,  salted,  smoked,  and  dried. 

For  "black  mullet,"  see  King-fish;  for  "ground  mullet,"  see 
Whiting.  Many  audnn  of  the  genua  Jftxiusfcaia  are  called  "mul- 
let," "white  mullet,"  "sucking  mullet,"  etc. 

MumacHOO  {Paciliidse). — These  fish  are  found  in  the  brackish 
waten  along  the  Atlantic,  Pacific,  and  Gulf  coasts,  near  the  mouths 
of  liven,  and  in  many  <d  the  fitesh-water  streams  and  lakes.  Along 
the  eastern  coast  they  are  known  as  "mayfish,"  "killifish,"  and 
"fundalus;"  on  the  Gulf  as  "sac-il-lait;"  and  in  the  interior  as 
"minnow."  They  are  aH  small  firii,nielyffiBoeeding  4  indiea  in 
length.  They  are  not  commonly  used  for  food,  but  am  ol  wnA 
importance  as  food  for  laiger  fish  and  for  bait. 

MusKALLUNOB  (Etox  mosquinongy). — ^A  rare  food  fish  found  in  the 
Great  Lakes  and  Northwest,  somotimes  appearing  in  the  Ohio.  Tkm 
average  length  is  about  6  feet;  average  weight,  40  pounds.  It  is 
caught  in  pound  nets,  with  bode  and  Ime,  and  by  trawling.  Another 
qpedea  (M.  oAwmw)  ia  abundant  hi  Ohanteuqna  Lake. 

Mussel  (Myiiliu  edulis). — ^A  black,  thin -shelled,  salt-water  mol- 
lusk,  found  on  the  Atlantic  coast  as  iat  south  as  North  Carolina  and 
on  the  Pacific  coast  to  Monterey.  They  are  not  used  extensively 
for  food,  but  in  New  Yoffc  they  are  pitted  and  aold  to  a  local  trade. 
The  shells  are  used  as  a  cultch  for  young  oysters,  for  paint  holders, 
and  for  ornaments.  Laige  quantities  of  another  genus  ( Modiola)  are 


APPENDIX. 


313 


sold  to  farmers  along  the  New  Jersey  and  Long  Island  coasts  for 
fertilizer  trade.  The  fresh-water  mussels  (  Unionidae)  are  of  much 
▼etoe  aa  food  lor  mammala  and  biida.  flwAeBattfenaedinmak- 

.    ing  pearl  buttons. 

MinroN-FisH  {Zoarces  anguxlUais).—Ji.  food  fish  found  on  the  At- 
iantic  coaat  from  Ddawaie  to  Labrador.  It  is  also  called  the  "eel- 
pout,"  "mother-of-eels,"  "congo  eel,"  "ling,"  and  "lamper  eel." 
It  reaches  a  length  of  about  20  inches  and  a  weight  of  3  pounds. 
The  name  is  also  given  to  the  snapper  {Lulianus  analig)  of  Florida. 

NAKATCuan.— i8se  Lake  toont. 

Nanninose. — See  Clam. 

Nabwhal  (Monodon  monoceros). — ^A  dolphin  found  flong  the 
nordiem  coast  of  Ahnlca  and  in  the  Arctic  Ocean;  abo  known  as  the 
"unicorn."   It  is  10  to  14  feet  long,  and  bean  n  tmk.  9  feet  Im^. 

It  is  captured  for  its  tusks,  oil,  and  flesh. 
NoBWAT  HADDOCK. — See  Bos^^sh. 
OtmKtva.—See  Cuttle^sh. 
Oldwife. — See  Menhaden. 
Oswego  bass. — See  Black  bass. 

Oim  <  Jiiwteiidle).— The  fredi-wat^  otter  (Lutra  amadetuis)  is 
widely  distributed  over  the  United  States.  The  sea-otter  (Enhy- 
dris  marina),  highly  prized  for  its  akin,  is  found  in  the  North  Par 
cific.   Both  are  rare. 

Osem  (Oi*«a  eftyMn).-- The  moat  hnportant  bivd^  found  on 
tin  coast.  There  are  two  classes,  "native"  and  "plants."  The 
lonner  are  found  on  the  entire  coast;  the  latter  in  localities  where 
the  cultivation  of  ^  oyster  is  particularly  fwofitable.  Oysters  are 
obtained  by  dredging,  raking,  and  tonging,  and  are  "very  extensively 
used  in  the  canning  industry.  The  shells  are  iised  in  manufacturing 
lime  and  cement  and  for  building  highways.  Native  oysters  will 
open  abottt  1  gallon  to  the  budhd;  ]danta  do  aomewhaC  better. 
Oysters  are  graded  as  "extras,"  "boxes,"  "culls,"  and  "cullin- 
teens,"  according  to  age,  the  "cullin teens"  being  the  youngest. 

Paddlb-rbh  (Polyodon  spathula). — ^A  ganoid  fish,  allied  to  the 
Btiugeon,  found  in  all  the  larger  streams  of  the  Mississippi  Valley. 
It  reaches  a  length  of  3  or  4  feet.  It  is  a  poor  food  fish,  but  the  roe 
is  extensively  used  for  caviar.  Local  names  are  "spoonbill," 
"duckbill  cat,"  and  "AoreUUi." 

Pearl  oyster. — An  oyster  found  on  the  California  coast  and  in 
the  Gulf  of  Califonua.  The  shells  are  used  in  maaulkctuiing 
Yaiioua  useful  and  beautiful  articlea. 

Perch  (Perca  flavescens) —Thia  fish,  the  true  perch,  ia  found 
throughout  the  Great  Lakes  region  and  the  rivers  of  New  England 
and  the  states  east  of  the  Ali^henies  as  fax  south  as  Geoigia. 
"YeUow  perch"  and  "ringed  perdt**  are  namea  in  comnKm  use; 
"striped  perch"  is  used  at  Lake  Vincent.  Its  usual  length  is 
about  1  foot  and  its  weight  generally  lees  than  2  pounds.  It  is  of 
modemto  Talue  aan  food  fish,  and  is  caught  with  hook  and  line  and 
in  pound  nets  and  gill  nets. 

The  name  "perch"  is  also  given  to  the  large-mouth  black  bass 
(Micropterus  aalmaidea)  and  to  the  small-mouth  black  bass  {M. 
dohmteu)  in  the  Southern  atatw;  to  ih»  chogset  (Tautogolabrut 
adgpersus)  in  localities  in  Massachusetts;  to  the  fresh-water  drum 
{Aplodinotx^  grunniens)  in  the  Ohio  Biver;  and  to  the  surf-fishes 
(Embiotoeidai)  on  the  Flsdfic  coast.  "Black  perch  "  is  appUed  to 
the  triple-tail  {Lobotes  suxvnamenm)  in  South  Carolina,  and  to  the 
blue  surf-fish  (Embiotoca  jacksoni)  on  the  Pacific  coast.  "Chin- 
quapin perch  "  is  applied  to  the  crappie  {Pomoxis  annuiarU)  in  the 
kywerMMaipirf;  "gray  perdi'*'to  «he  frerii-wmter  drum  {Aplodv- 
notus  grunniens)  in  the  Ohio  River;  "log  perch"  to  a  darter  (Perctna 
caprodet);  "pike perch  "  to  the  wall-eyed  pike  {Stizosledion  vitreum) ; 
"red  perch  "  to  the roeefish  (Sebaatea  marinus)  on  the  coast  of  Maine; 
"ringed  perch"  to  the  perch  (Perea  flaveieeiu);  "rfrcr  pen^"  to  a 
surf-fish  (Hysterocarpus  trasH)  of  California;  "Sacramento  perch" 
to  a  Bunfish  {Archopliiee  interrupUu)  of  the  Sacramento  and  San 
Joaquin  Biv«n;  "tihrer  pflRdi"  to  the  yeUowtaU  (BainMla  dby- 
iw«)  in  S«wl«My;  "aMped  perch*  toUwpsch  (l>^jfaMaM»t) 


at  Lake  Vincent;  "white  perch"  toasurf-fi?h  {Phanerodon  furcatus) 
on  the  California  coast;  to  a  bass  ( Morone  americana)  on  the  Atlantic 
coast;  to  the  freah-water  drum  (Aplodinotus  grunnieru)  in  the  (Hiio 
River;  and  "yellow  perdi"  to  tiie  perch  (Pena Jlavescen*). 

Periwinkle. — A  common  name  for  the  sea  snail  (LiUorina)  and 
whelk  (Fulga),  which  are  used  for  bait  and  sometimes  for  food  on 
the  n(«th  Atlantic  coaat.  It  alao  oonatftatn  a  laige  portian  of  tin 
food  supply  of  various  fishes. 

PiCKEBEii  (Esox  reticulatiu). — ^A  food  fish  found  in  streams  and 
ponda  alimg  tiie  Atfamtic  coast  from  Ibine  to  AlahamB  in  the 
Southern  states  it  ia  usually  called  "jack."  It  marhca  a  wu%ht of 
7  or  8  pounds;  averages  about  half  as  much. 

The  name  "pickerel"  is  also  applied  to  the  true  pike  {Etox 
burnt)  in  the  upper  lakn;  to  the  "wall-eyed  pike"  {StitMbOhni 
vitreum)  in  Lake  Erie  and  Saginaw  Bay;  and  to  the  sauger  (Stvios- 
tedion  canadense).  The  wall-eyed  pike  {S.  vitreum)  ia  also  called 
"yellow  pickerd"  about  Lake  Erie.  The  brook  pickerels  (E. 
americamis  and  E.  vermiculatus)  are  found,  respectively,  along  the 
Atlantic  coast  and  in  the  Mississippi  Valley,  "flalt  pifkanil''  and 
"medium  pickerel"  are  trade  names. 

Ftotmi.— -A  name  applied  to  the  genua  OrtftoirufM  of  die  hmdly 

of  grunts,  found  on  the  southern  coast. 

Pike  {Esox  ludu*). — ^A  food  fish  found  in  the  Great  I^akes  rt^on; 
abo  called  "pickerd."  It  is  distinguished  from  allied  specieti  by  ita 
color,  which  is  uniform  brox^-n,  green,  ( >r  black,  withnumeroua  don- 
gate  white  blotches  upon  the  sidcp.  It  averages  4  to  8  pounds  in 
weight.  They  are  caught  with  hook  and  Une  and  in  gill  nets  and 
pound  nets.  The  name  "pike"  ia  also  appHed  to  the  wall-eyed 
pike  or  pike  perch  (Stizostfdion  vitreum)  in  the  upper  lakes,  and  to 
the  Sacramento  pike  (Ptjfchocheilus  oregonensis)  in  the  Columbia  and 
Sacramento  Bivers.  "Gray  pike,"  "sand  pike,"  "ground  pike," 
etc.,  are  names  for  the  sauger  (Stizo$teiion  eanadenti). 

Pike  perches  {Stizosledion  vitreum  and  S.  ranadense).— The 
"wall-eyed  pike"  (S.  vitreum)  otherwise  known  as  "glass-eye," 
"pike  perdi,**"yeaowpike,""dory,'*  and  "blueplke''ontheGfeat 
Lakes;  as  "salmon,"  "jack,"  "okow,"  "blowfish,"  and  "green 
pike  "  in  other  localities.  It  is  found  in  the  large  streams  and  jK)nds 
east  of  the  Missouri;  it  is  an  excellent  food  fish  and  may  reach  a 
weight  of  20  pounds.  The  sauger  or  sand-perch  (8.  emaieiue)  ia 
smaller  and  less  important  as  a  food  fish.  It  is  especially  abundant 
in  the  Great  Lakes,  but  extends  to  Montana,  Tennessee,  and 

Pilot-fish  {Naucrates  duetor).—k  pelagic  fish  of  no  economic 
importance,  and  seldom  taken  on  our  coast.  It  is  about  12  inchee 
long,  and  is  generally  found  in  the  company  of  ships  and  sharks. 

Pinkish. — See  Sailor's  choice. 

Plaice.— A  flat  fish  found  on  both  eoaali.of  America.  The  win- 
ter flounder  (Pteudopleuronectet  ameriamau)  ia  a  common  food  fish 
of  New  Ebig^nd.  Otfier  tfpedee  are  known  aa  "ruaty-dab,"  "eel- 
back  flounder,"  "craig-fluke,"  "pole-flounder,"  "flukes"  on  the 
Atlantic  coast;  as  "great  starry  flounder,"  "slippery  sole,"  etc., 
on  the  Pacific  coast.  See  Flounder.  The  true  plaice  {Pleuronectet 
platessa)  is  a  European  apedea  not  found  in  American  watam. 

Pogy.— A  name  applied  to  the  menhaden  (Brevoorlia)  tyrannut 
north  of  Cape  Cod,  to  the  mwufish  {Chxtodiplerus  faber)  and  the 
acup  (Stenolomiu  dtrysops)  along  the  southern  coast,  and  to  the 
aurf-^Sflh  {Damalifhthys  argyrotomus)  on  the  coast  of  Oregon. 

Pollack  (Pollachius  iirens).—A  food  fish  of  importance,  found 
mainly  off  the  New  England  coast.  It  sometimes  occurs  as  far  south 
aa  Viigink.  The  average  weif^t  ia  about  10  pounda.  They  am 
caught  with  seines,  nets,  and  hand  lines.  For  food  they  are  sold 
fresh,  salted,  and  dried.  The  sounds  are  used  in  the  manufacture 
of  g^Nie,  die  liven  are  aold  in  large  quantitaea  fiar  the  manubcture  of 
oil,  and  the  tongues  are  cut  out  and  sold  fresh. 

PoMPANO,  or  Pampano  (Trachinotus  carolimis) .—An  excellent 
food  fish,  found  on  the  Atlantic  coast  from  Cape  Cod  to  the  Gulf, 
being  vety  nnaamwi  en  the  Florida  ceaUr  They  avenge  8  to  10 


S14 


FiaHKRIKS  OF  THE  UNIi:£D  STATES,  1906. 


^«*»^l«^«^lte«P«»iBiiiw«|ght.  Other  apecieB  found 

on  our  eastern  coast  are  the  "old-wife,"  or  "gaff-topflailpompano;" 
the  "round  pompano,"  or  "Indiaa  River  permit;"  the  "permit" 
«r  "great  pompano, "  wUA  it  frequently  not  distingniahed  from  the 
"cOTunon  pompano  "  ( T.  carolimts)  by  the  fishermen.  Tkepi^py- 
iah  {Palovifta  simillima)  is  ■»«i*^^t'1  tim  **GhliiyaM fOHlpMM." 
It  ia  a  delicate  food  fish. 

Bmmb,  or  Fmst.— A  mmm  gbm  to  AaavMA  (DamalidUhyg 
•fv^tMOOTu.»^  in  Oregon  and  Washington;  to  the  moonfidi  {Chxtodip- 
tmmtJmUr)  at  Beaufort,  N.  C;  to  the  scup  {StenoUmm  dirysops)  in 
••^  YaA  aad  »Vm%  ^  soothem  ooait;  to  the  sailor's  choice  (Lago- 
4m  rftomioidb)  in  the  St.  Johns  BKw  aai  «t  CMbr  Mmf^  aad  to 
weral  sparoids  of  the  Gulf. 

Pork-fish  (Anisotremu*  virginicut). — See  Grunt. 

PbMown  (Ptoemm  mwainwii).— A  eetoemioNnd  otttteaovA 
Atlantic  and  north  Pacific  coasts,  ascending  liwa.  It  is  known  as 
"harbor  porpoise,"  "hening-hog,"  "puffer,"  "snuffer,"  "snuffing 
pig.'  eto.  Iti«Mtealaigtiiof4or5feet.  They  are  captured  in 
ponds,  seines,  and  macknel  gill  nets.  They  are  not  and  fc»  ibod, 
but  an  oil  is  obtained  from  their  jaws  which  is  much  used  for  me- 
chanical purposes.  The  skin  is  tanned  and  made  into  leadier.  The 
■•^••PfiM  wAerfBdHwriMiiiatdy  to  many  dolphins. 

Prawn. — Str  Shrimp. 

PinvKiN-SBBD.— A  name  applied  to  the  sunfish  {Eupomotis  gib- 
^  fcwois  of  Heir  York  and  New  England,  and  to  the 
battofirii  (Poronotat  tmenUhm)  in  Connecticnt. 

QrAHACG  (  Vemts  mtr<-enaria).—\n  edible  clam,  found  very  abim- 
daniiy  from  Cape  Cod  to  Florida.  It  is  also  called  "hard  clam," 
"iiMi  ilMS,*"*!!  Jl  ■»ii,***«litd»ascit,**ste.  They  are gathei^ 
by  rakinir. 

QuEEX-nsH  {Serifku*  politu»).—A  small  M  fish  of  excellent 
quality  fcnd  on  Am  I^Mnfic  coast  south  of  Tomales  Bay.  It  is  also 
called  "kaifirii."   The  average  wei^t  is  about  half  »  pooatl. 

QriLi -BACK . — A  aadbar  {Jdrnktu  vti^fr)  fawid  ahMidaal|y  im.  tbe 

Miasaasippi  Valley. 

QramaT  (OiMarifiMiM  taAswyfaiAa). — The  species  of  the  salmon 
family  m".stly  used  for  canning.  It  is  found  on  the  Pacific  coast 
torn  Monterey  northward.  It  is  also  called  "chinook  salmon," 
**Vmgmhmm^"  "Columbia  River  salmon,"  "salmon,"  etc.  The 
averase  weiirht  is  16  to  22  poudb. 

R.»cER.— .\  shad  that  has  spawned  and  is  lean  and  worthless. 

Rat  (^otz).— Agomal  name  given  to  a  large  group  of  fishes  found 
mwMmm  eoarti.  TWey  are  also  caBei  '^Aatas,"  "torpedoes," 
•^vil-fishes."  etc.  They  ■nwiiliwn  attain  an  enormous  we, 
■BBMiiiitg  3  feet  across  the  back  and  10  feet  in  length.  They  are 
esm^  OB  tiswb  and  in  seines,  and  some  are  used  for  food;  oil  is 
•biained  from  the  livers  of  some,  aad  tk»  ifci*  hmMtians  aHnnifac- 
tured  into  leather  called  "shagreen." 

Razor-shbll  {Ensi*  directiu).—A  long,  slender  clam  which  is  a 
CHHSB  toftikteirt  9i  and  ban  and  aaad  flats  in  New  England 
whan  tiba  water  is  pure.  It  is  also  called  "lazor-fish,"  "naor- 
dui."  "kmfe-handle,"  etc.  It  is  sometimes  used  for  food,  and  its 
AalbMtiaold  for  ornaments.  The  California  lazor-diell  is  a  differ- 
—t  specisB  {Solen  tieariuM). 

''channel-basa.*'  ^  w 

REDm>-A  SHW  wffKiKi    ttv  0HHMa  Afaw  {JftinfiB  Mf»> 

KuRBH  (Scuenopi  oeeUattu).—!.  A  much-esteemed  food  fiah 
kMi  SBlka  coast  from  Gape  God  to  the  lUoGiaade.  Itiscom- 

■Mnly  known  as  the  "red  drum."  In  Chesapeake  Bay  and  south 
to  Gape  Hattecasit  is  caUed  the  "drum;"  in  the  Carolinas,  Florida, 
Hi  «•  e«l^  "spotted  bass,"  «W  bass,"  "sea  bass," 

"reef  bas?.  '  and  "channel  bass;"  in  Florida  and  tbe  OoK  stotes, 
"sedfiah"  and  "red  horse;  "and  at  various  places,  "spot."  Itgrows 
to  a  length  o<  5  feet  or  more  and  a  weight  of  75  pounds;  average 
hmmk^jr"^  toliH  wkk  qieaa,  giU  nets,  and 


2.  The  redfisii  of  Califwnia  (Pimelometopon  pulcher)  is  found  from 
Point  Conception  to  Cerros  Island.  It  i* rulhd  "fnt  Iwwd  **  iurf 
"sheepshead."   It  reaches  a  weight  «f  12  to  1ft  peodi^  bvtiiMta 

valuable  food  fiah. 

3.  TfcebhiebaA salmon  (Qiicprtywdhisiieria)  "red- 
fish  "  in  the  upper  Columbia  and  in  Alaska. 

4.  The  redfish  (Sebattodet  meUmops).  A  food  fish  found  from 
south oaat turn  Alaska  to  Galifomia.  It  is  also  known  as  "red  cod," 
"rediockfi8h,"etc.  SmBoekUk. 

Red  HORSE. —1.  A  name  applied  to  several  species  of  suckers 
found  in  the  waters  of  the  West  and  South.  Tboy  are  all  poor  food 

2.  The  redfish  (Scisenopa  ocellatus)  of  Florida  and  the  Gulf, 

Bmd  snaffss  {Lutianus  aya).—A  valuable  food  fish  found  off  the 
Florida  coast  and  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  attains  a  weight  of  40 
pounds,  but  averages  only  about  half  aa  MOck.  It  fa  cat^it  wift 
hand  lines,  and  is  sold  fresh. 

Roach  {Semotilus  corporalit).— The  largest  chub  found  east  of  the 
Rocky  IfoDBtains.  It  fa  abundant  in  the  streams  of  the  New  Eng. 
land  and  Middle  states  east  of  the  Alleghenies.  Also  called  "fall- 
fish,"  "chub,"  "dace,"  etc.  It  reaches  a  length  of  18  inches,  but  is 
ci  no  special  importance  as  a  food  fish.  A  local  name  for  the  spot 
(Leiostomut  xuiAmnu)  in  the  Chesapeake  region. 

Robin. — A  name  applied  to  the  Milov'e  *r*Hrff*t  {LtffiMi  lim^ 
boides)  about  Cape  Hatteras. 

Rock.  Stt  Steiped  beaa. 

Rock  bass  {Ambloplitesrupmlri$).—A.  small  food  fish  everywhsw 
abundant  in  lakes,  ponds,  and  huger  streams  throughout  the  Great 
Lakes  r^on  and  the  Mississippi  Valley.  It  is  called  "rock  baas'* 
in  the  Lake  region  and  "goggle-eye"  and  "red-eye"  iuthersei^ 
It  seldom  exceeds  li  pounds  in  weight.  The  name  is  also  given  to 
the  sea  baas  {Centropistes  striatuM)  at  New  Bedford,  Maaa.,  and  to 
several  other  senaaoid  ftihes  of  tiw  ^Miifle  coast. 

Rock  cod. — See  Rockfish. 

RocKFisH  (^corpamid*).— These  fish  are  caught  in  enormous 
quantities  on  the  Piacific  coast,  especially  from  Santa  Barbara  to 
San  Francisco.  There  are  a  large  number  of  species,  known  to  the 
fishermen  as  "priest  fish,"  "rock  cod,"  and  "rockfish,"  with  many 
qualifying  prefixes,  as  "black,"  "black-banded,"  "brown," 
"grass,"  "green,"  "orange,"  "red,"  "yellow,"  "yeUow-backed," 
"yellowtail,"etc.;  also  called  "garrupa,"  "grouper,"  "seorpene," 
"aculpin,"  "scorpion,"  "tree-fish,"  "flyfish,"  "coiaair,"  "Spanish 
flag,"  "seina,"  "Wackbesa,"  "jack,"  "tomcod,"  "boccaccio,"etc. 
They  average  1.5  inches  in  length  and  2  or  3  pounds  in  weight,  bat 
some  reach  a  length  of  3  feet  and  a  weight  of  12  pounds.  They  are 
caught  in  seines  and  with  hook  and  line.  The  name  is  also  applied 
to  the  striped  baas  (Roceus  lineatus)  aloa^  tiie  ft^imtity  coast;  to  the 
groupers  (Epinephelus)  about  Key  West Md il(h» CKdf  «i MmIm* 
to  the  log  perch  {Percina  caprodes). 

Rock  tbovt  (Be3Utgnmmoi).—A  group  of  fiahes  <rf  consideiable 
importance  on  the  Pacific  coast.  They  are  the  true  greenlingk 
The  different  species  are  known  as  "sea  trout,"  "starling,"  "bore- 
gata,"  "bodieron,"  "red  rock  trout,"  etc.  The  size  varies  greatly, 
the  average  being  18  inches  long  and  2i  pounds  in  wei^t. 

RoNCADOR  (Roncador  stearnsi).—A  food  fish  of  excellent  quality, 
found  from  Santa  Barbara  southward;  also  called  "croaker."  It 
leac^  a  length  of  over  2  feet  aad  a  w«%ht  of  e  to  8  pounds.  Be- 
lated species  are  known  as  "led  nmctAtt,**  "ttttle  nMador" 
"yellow-finned  roncador,"  etc. 

RosoiSH  (8^aate9'manntu).—A  brilliantly  colored  fish  found  off 
the  north  Atlantic  coast  as  far  south  as  New  York.  It  is  also  called 
"red  perch,"  "redfish,"  "Norway  haddock,"  "snapper,"  "hem- 
duigan,"  "bream,"  etc.  The  average  length  ia  about  12  inchai; 
average  weight,  1 }  pounds.  It  fa  cai^t  on  trawl  lines. 

Round  robin  (Decaptents  punctatus) —A  food  fish  found  along 
the  coast  from  the  Gulf  to  Woods  Hole.  It  is  also  called  "cior- 
fish"  and  "scad."   It  reaches  a  length  of  12  inches. 

RuDDER-FisH  (Kyphoms  sectatrix).—A  small  fish  abundant  about 
Key  West.  The  banded  rudder-fish  CSeriola  zonata)  is  found  from 
ChpeOodtollocidft. 


APPENDIX. 


815 


Ritnner  (Elagatis  bipinnuUitus).—A  food  fish  abimdant  on  the 
western  and  southern  coasts  of  Florida .  It  is  also  called ' '  skipjack, ' ' 
"yeilQiwtail,"  and  "shoemaker."  It  reaches  a  length  of  2^  feet. 

Sacramento  perch  (Archoplites  interruptu$).'—A.  suafiah  of  the 
Sacramento  and  an  excellent  food  fish. 

Sacrambnto  pike  (PtycotMiM  ongmunm  aad  P.  grandi$).—A 
chub  of  the  Sacramento  and  Columbia.  It  is  also  known  as  "big- 
mouth,"  "box-head,"  "yellow-belly,"  "chappaul,"  and  "squaw- 
fish."   It  reaches  a  length  of  5  feet  or  more. 

SADLmo  (SahtUmm  mmmhi»).-~JS%m8nBKfa»  tMot  of  Myaeaad 
New  Hampshire. 

Sailob's  choice  {Lagodon  rhomboides). — ^A  food  fish  found  on  the 
Atiaatic  coast  south  of  Gape  HattacM  aad  in  die  Gulf .  Itfadso 
called  "robin,"  "pinfish,"  "salt-water  bream,"  "squirrel-fiah," 
"porgy,"  "scup,"  "yellowtail,"  "shiner,"  "chopa  spina,"  etc.  It 
averages  about  10  inches  in  length  and  6  ounces  in  weight,  and  is 
can^it  with  hook  and  line  and  in  cast  nets  and  aeines  The  name 
is  also  applied  to  the  pigfiah  (OrAopn»ti$  ekrgaoptmu)  in  South 
Carolina. 

pii^i^i^  {Mmo  miar) .— Ihfa  fa  Hbe  eahaon  of  liie  Athatic  coast. 
It  fa  loaad  along  the  coast  of  the  New  England  states.  At  differ- 
ent agee  the  fish  are  known  as  "parrs,"  "smolts,"  "grilse," 
"kelts,"  and  "salmon."  The  adults  weigh  from  15  to  40  poimds. 
They  are  caught  with  nets,  seines,  and  hand  lines,  and  by  spearing. 
The  landlocked  salmon,  or  fresh-water  salmon,  or  Sebago  aalmon 
{S.  Ubago),  is  foimd  in  fresh  waters,  generally  landlocked. 

The  bhieback  salmon  {Onmrh^nekuM  nerka)  fa  found  on  tihe  Pecific 
coast  from  the  Columbia  River  northward.  The  California  salmon, 
or  chinook  salmon,  or  quinnat  (0.  tschatoyttAa),  fa  found  from 
Monterey  to  Alaska,  The  dog  salmon  (0.  heta)  ranges  from  the  Sac- 
aMMcaito  Biver  to  Bering  Stndt.  The  humpbadced  salmon,  <n 
lost  salmon  (0.  gorbuscha),  ranges  from  the  Sacramento  River  to 
Aladca.  The  silver  salmon,  or  white  salmon  (0.  kitutch),  is  found  in 
aU  riven  from  flie  Sacramento  River  to  Bering  Stiait. 

The  California  yellowtail  {Seriola  dbraoiw)  fa  also  known  aa  the 
"white  salmon  "  on  the  Pacific  coast,  as  fa  also  the  chub  {Ptychoch- 
eUmlwiu»)ot  the  Colorado  Rivor.  The  name  "kelp  salmon"  is 
addled  to  the  cabrilla  (Paralabrax  cfattfuliii)  at  Monterey;  "lake 
salmon,"  to  the  lake  trout  {Cristivomer  namaycush)  in  the  lakes  of 
northern  New  York;  and  "salmon"  and  "jack  salmon,"  to  the 
"wall-eyed pike**  (AfaeaAadSni  viCnNim)  in  the  stieamsof  the  South. 
See  Trout. 

Sardine. — The  California  sardine  (Sardinia  ecerulea).  The  name 
fa  erroneously  applied  to  various  other  small  fishes  of  the  herring 
family,  and  is  also  given  to  canned  hetfing  pnpared  aftor  the  aMa- 
ner  of  the  French  sardines. 

Sauobb  (Stizoatedion  canadense). — This  fish  is  found  in  the  Great 
Lalns  regfon,  and  in  the  upper  Mhnfarfppl,  upper  If  isnuii,  aad  (Huo 
Rivers.  It  is  known  locally  as  the  "gray  pike,"  "sand  pike," 
"ground  pike,"  "pickering,"  "pickerel,"  "hotsefiah,"  ete.  It  isa 
small  fish,  not  exceeding  18  inches  in  length.  See  Pike  perches. 

ScALLOP(Pcc«en  irradians). — ^An  edible  bivalve  found  off  the  coasts 
of  Long  Island,  Rhode  Island,  and  southern  Massachusetts  in  pay- 
ing quantities;  less  numerous  South,  It  is  obtained  by  dredging 
and  raking.  The  powerful  central  musde  by  wiudi  Oe  animal 
opens  aad  closes  its  shell  forms  the  edible  portion.  The  dieUs  are 
of  commercial  value.   The  rims  or  refuse  are  used  for  fertilizers. 

ScuLPiN  (Cottidse). — Several  species  of  sculpin  are  found  on  the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  coasts  and  in  iahnd  waters,  but  neae  are  of 
particular  value  as  food  fish.  Those  on  the  Atlantic  are  called 
"grubby,"  "puffiAg-grubby,"  "daddy  sculpin,"  "bull-head," 
"ssMobin,"  "sea toad,"  "pigfUi,"  "aea-taven,"  etc.;  thoeeoa  the 
Pacific,  "drummer,"  "salpa,"  "johnny,"  "biggy-head,"  "cabe- 
zon, ' '  ete. ;  and  those  in  the  lakes  and  streams  of  the  Northern  states, 
"bull-heads,"  "miUer's  thumb,"  "goblins,"  "blobs,"  "muffle- 
jaws,"  etc.  Most  ef  the  q>ecies  are  of  small  size. 

Scup  (Stenotomua  chrysops). — This  fish  is  found  along  the  Atlantic 
coast  from  Cape  Cod  to  South  Carolina;  abundant  North.  Common 


local  names  are  "scuppaug,"  "paugy,"  "porgy,"  "pogy,"  "fair 
maid,"  etc.  They  are  caught  in  pounds  and  traps  and  with  hook 
and  line. 

Sea 'bass  (Centmprhtes  stria  tun  k — .\  food  fish  found  from  Vine- 
yard Sound  to  the  eastern  part  oi  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  known 
south  of  Gape  Hatteras  as  the  "bhMddfah;"  in  the  Middle  statee  as 
"black  Will,"  "bbck  Harry,"  and  "hannahills;"  about  New  Bed- 
ford and  Newport  as  ' '  bluefish ; "  and  at  New  Bedford  also  as ' '  rock 
base."  The  average  length  in  New  England  ia  about  15  indies; 
average  weight,  1^  pounds.  In  the  South  they  are  much  smaller, 
averaging  about  three-fourths  of  a  pound  in  weight.  They  are 
caught  with  hand  lines  and  in  pounds  and  traps.  The  white  sea- 
basi  (Cynoaeiim  noMit)  fa  found  on  the  FlMtte  esast  fawn  Oape 
Mendocino  to  San  Diego.  It  is  an  importaat food  iA,  aad  averagee 
15  pounds  in  weight.  The  redfish  (Sdanopa  oeattrts)  fa  called  "sen 
bass"  in  the  Carolinas,'  Florida,  and  the  Gulf. 

8ttar«LEFHANT  (Mirounga  angustirostris). — A  marine  mimwl, 
12  to  14  feet  long,  found  on  the  Pacific  coaat.  The  oil  Is  f)f  com- 
mercial value,  and  the  tongues  are  sometimes  salted  and  used  for  food. 

Sba  HBBBoro.— The  common  herring  (Oliepss  harmtfm)  ef  the 
north  Atlantic. 

Sea-hobse  {Hippocampus  kudaoniut  and  U.  ingem). — ^A  curious 
fish  found  on  the  eastern  coast  south  of  Cape  Cod  and  on  the  Facille 
coast.   Few  specimens  are  taken,  and  they  are  sold  for  curiosities. 

Seal  {PinnipedUi). — The  seal  tribe  embraces  the  walrun,  eared 
seals,  and  earless  seals.  They  are  found  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
Atlantic  aad  FKificOceaaaaadia  the  Arctic  Ooaaa.  Ihejraie  cap- 
tured for  their  oil,  skins,  aad  teh.  The  fur  ami  iahsry  fa  the  saost 
important.   See  Fur  seal. 

Sea-lion  {Eumetopias  jubata). — ^A  seal  found  on  the  I^Kific  coast 
from  the  FaraUone  Islands  to  the  Pribifof  Islands.  The  males  are 
about  15  feet  Ions,  and  weigh  about  1,000  pounds;  the  females  are 
about  half  as  large  as  the  males.  They  are  killed  with  guns  and 
lances,  and  are  used  by  the  natives  for  food,  <^  leather,  etc  The 
California  sea-lion  {Zethpkm  etiifenuanua)  fa  fonad  on  the  ChB- 
fomia  coast  from  San  Diego  to  Saa  Francisco. 

Sea  robin  (Prionotus  carolinut). — This  fish  is  found  along  the 
eastern  coast  south  of  Cape  Cod.  They  are  also  called  "gurnards," 
"wing-fish,"  "sea  bat,"  etc.  They  attain  a  length  of  15  to  18  inchee 
and  a  weight  of  about  a  pound.  The  name  is  also  applied  to  the 
toadiah  (Opsonwr  feu)  in  the  Gulf . 

Sea  shad. — Small  immature  shad  that  feed  about  bays  and  the 
mouths  of  rivers  during  the  summer  after  the  ascent  <rf  the  main 
body  of  breeders. 

Sea  snails  {Gasteropoda). — An  asymmetfical  mollusk  bearing  » 
single  shell.  They  are  found  on  all  our  coasts,  and  are  known  aa 
"periwinkles,"  "whelks,"  "wilks,"  "winldes,"  "wrinkles," 
"coochs,"  "drilb,"  "boras,"  "helmet  ahelh,"  "abakmes," 
"ormer-shelb,"  "sea-ears,"  "limpets,"  "wood-lice,"  "lobster 
tails,"  "sea-bugs,"  ete.  They  are  not  extensively  used  for  food  in 
this  country,  but  are  used  for  bait  in  numerous  fisheries. 

Sea  tbout. — ^A  name  given  to  the  white  sea-bass  (Cynoscion 
nobilis)  on  the  Pacific  coast;  to  the  white  trout  (Cynoscion  nothus) 
along  the  southern  coast;  to  the  spotted  rock  trout  or  greenling 
{Bupagrammot  ieeagrammm)  sooth  of  Saa  nancfaco;  aad  to  tt» 
squeteague  (Cynoscion  regdk)  en  tte  Atianlir  oeait.  It  fa  abe  a 
trade  name  for  sea  herring, 

Sbbkonks.— Oysters  (mainl]raaed)gm«falg  in  Ihefleehnnk  Wmt, 
Rhode  Ishnd. 

Sebgeant-fish. — See  Cobia. 

Shad  (Aloaa  sapidissima). — ^A  very  important  food  fish  found  on 
all  the  coasts  aad  iasMue  inland  waters;  tiie  great  fisheries  are  in  the 

rivers  of  the  Atlantic  dope.  It  is  called  "white  shad,"  in  distinc- 
tion from  other  "ehad,"  The  avenge  weight  u  about  4  pounds; 
average  length  about  2  feet.  It  is  caught  in  neto,  seines,  and  weirs, 
and  u  s(dd  fresh,  cured,  and  pickled. 

The  names  "mud  shad,"  "gizzard  shad,"  "winter  shad,"  "stink 
shad,"  "hickory  shad,"  and  "white-eyed  shad  "  apply  to  a  different 


WHHiCRITO  Of  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1908. 


^mSm  {Denmma  eepedianum).  The  menhaden  is  called  "hard- 

hsMl  M  "  aM  Qqpe  An,  M  *  ia  Vil8ilul^  and ''y^ 
tail  shad  "  from  North  Carolina  to  Florida. 

Shamm  (Abftdom).— Numerous  species  of  sharks  are  found  on  the 
FkMc  comIbl  They  are  sometimes  called  "dog- 
fiA,"  "angel-fiah,"  "porbeagfe,"  "swingle-tail,"  "houDet^bmA," 
"hamer-head,"  etc.  They  are  captured  with  hook  and  line  and 
with  haipoQBs;  snnetimes  they  are  taken  in  nets  set  for  oUmt  fish. 
Sharks  are  ynimMt  lor  Hmv  Imn,  fma  wWdi  oQ  is  cortuMsted; 
tfMir  bodies  are  used  mainly  for  fertilizing  purpoees. 

SmmMnoMAD  {Arckotargtu  probatocephaliu).—A  choice  food  fish 
•■■^^••^••■•"ni  of  the  XTnited  Stotes  frwn  Cape  Cod  to 
Texas.  The  wcjg^t  varies  from  2  to  12  pevdi^accQcding  to  locality; 
tlwavetageaaeiBabout  4  pounds.  They  are  caught  with  hand  lines, 
•dDes,  and  Mta,  and  by  spearing.  The  name  is  also  applied  to  the 
tHMmtA  (AniiufM  *lMM«M>  Oqw  Ood,  to  the  Mi- 
water  drum  (Aplodinotu*  grunniens)  in  the  Great  Lakes,  and  to  the 
re^h  {PtrndometopoH  ptddur)  south  of  Point  CknceptkB,  CUi- 

a^rswoM.— The  hj^hil  grade  of  Florida  rnwiiw^ifiBi  apa^ts. 

9^nM.—A  common  name  applied  to  the  red  fin  (Notropis  comu- 
*■)  few  New  England  to  Kansas  and  Alabama;  to  the  menhaden 
iim)  M  uuiUhium  flwide;  te  tt  the  nrf-fthea 
{Embiotoridsr)  on  the  Pacific  coast;  and  to  the  sailor's  choice  (Lago- 
rkomboida)  about  Cedar  Keys.  The  blunt-nosed  shiner  {Selene 
mmm^  ia  m  eriM  abeat  Hew  York  and  Naixagansett  Bay.  The 
goldoi  riiiner  (Ahmak  dhpMlNMMi)  k  ImhmI  hi  tte  sUma  «Mt  «f 
the  Great  Plains. 

SmniF.— A  decapod  crustacean  found  in  laige  numbera  on  all 
earcMiieBdin—yhilii  wrtMB.  ThewMllmgdiienboatS 

inches,  but  some  attain  a  larger  size.    They  are  caught  in  iap  Mt^ 
puEse  nets,  etc.,  and  are  used  for  food  and  bait.   Prawns  aie  gSMr- 
•Dy  luger  tten  Arimps,  (rftan  attaining  a  length  of  7  inchcn, 
SiLVKsm. — See  Tarpon. 

SiLTEK  HAKE  (Merlwxiug  bilinearig)—This  fish  is  found  on  the 
Athntic  coaA  north  ot  Viiginia.  It  is  also  caUed  "New  England 
^itiag."  The  svwigehnsA^l  foot.  ItlecMii^iB  weirs,  nets, 
and  with  hand  lines,  and  is  used  for  Utod  and  bait. 

ScTaaeipaa  {AtkenHidx).—A  small  food  fish,  found  along  the 
Aikalie  Md  Vhdfle  comIb.  Different  species  are  known  as  "sand 
smelt,"  "green  smelt,"  "anchow,"  "merit4ih,"  "andiaii/* 
"Ckhiank  areelt,*'  "little  smelt,"  "brit,"  etc.  Thaj  Wi^i  hm 
7  to  IS  ia^es  in  length  and  are  caught  in  seines. 

teniaaa.-— IjageaMhwwwMdi^rearecrlsMMttDehiiBn, 
sadi  as  manatees,  sea-cows,  etc.;  ioaad  ia  "Wtim  SSM. 

SiecowKT.— ^ee  Lake  trout. 

Skilfish  (Arioplopoma  fimiria).—A  common  food  fish  from  Una- 
laaka  to  Mooterqr.  It  is  also  kaowa  m  "bsdMre,"  "ooaliih,"  sad 
"hfcefc  cod." 

fcirjACE.-A  local  name  applied  te  the  d#pcr  (AcestlrsKKr 

Manu)  akmg  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts;  to  the  inland  alewife 
i^mmuluitu  ekrjftoeUorit)  in  the  MissisBippi  Valley  from  the  Great 
*•  hhwUBh  (AMNctosna  taUatrix)  south  of 

Cfe  Hatteras;  to  the  bonito  (Sarda  dnlensis)  on  the  Ihdftc  eosst; 
to  the  tanner  {Elagalit  bipinnulatus)  about  Key  West;  to  the  butter- 
iA  (Fmtmoiu*  triacanthus)  about  Cape  Cod;  to  the  cutlass-fiah 
( TVicktMrws  kptmuM);  to  the  jnrel  (Oaaax  dhysre)  ^^mtg  the  «Mt 
Flr^da  coast;  and  te  the  Isalhsr  jechst  (Olif  n^fclii  s— nar)  m  the 
Atlantic  coast. 

IfcwWMSi  —Aaaaiespiilied  to  thehlasdah  about  New  York. 

Smelt  {OstMnu  mordca).—A  very  choice  load  fidi  found  on  the 
Athnric  coast  from  Virginia  to  the  St.  Lawrence  and  landlocked  in 
wmmy  New  England  lakes.  Also  called  "American  smelt"  and 
•fcstfiah."  When  ssat  to  mariket  aafceaua  Ihsjr  are  known  as 
"  green  "  smelts.  The  average  length  is  8  to  10  inches.  The  Pacific 
■Belt  (O.  tkaieiAO^t)  is  found  from  San  Francisco  to  Alaska.  The 
(Ifai/iii  jinrfism)  Is  Isaad  hem  Mcnterey  to  Alaska. 


The  eulachon  or  candlefish  ( Thaleichthys  pacificus)  is  an  excellent 
food  fish  found  from  the  Columbia  River  to  Skagway,  where  it  ia 
called  "smelt."  Some  ol  the  sihrenides  (illltrMfc)  are  wrongly 
called  "smelts;"  this  is  especially  true  of  Atherinopsis  cali/orniensia, 
which  is  widely  known  as  "smelt,"  "blue  smelt,"  and  "Galifonua 

Smolt. — A  name  applied  to  an  iaMHtare  mtmrm  whan  it  has 

become  a  uniform  bright  silvery  color. 

Smaiters  (Lutianid3e).—The  red  snapper  {Lutiantu  aya)  is  the 
most  important  of  there  iahes.  ItisahfgeMi,ht«htradiaoolar, 
and  is  found  from  Long  Island  southward,  but  is  most  abundant  oa 
the  coasts  of  Georgia,  Florida,  and  the  Gulf  states.  The  gray  snap- 
per  or  maagiweflHqpper  (L.  ffnaetu),  also  known  in  Florida  as  "law- 
yer," is  a  most  common  species.  The  mutton  snapper  (L.  nnsKt), 
the  dog  snapper,  or  jocu  (L.  jocu),  the  schoolmaster,  or  caji  (L. 
apodtu),  the  silk  snapper  {L.  vivaniu),  the  lane  snapper  ( L.  tynagrit), 
are  all  fishssoHood  mahw  rniaaiuii  ia  the  West  ladies  aadsoatfMm 
Florida. 

The  red  grouper  {Ephinepheltu  mono)  is  called  "brown  snapper" 
aad  ^'red-bellied  aai^ipar'*  hi  Florida;  the  roeefish  (8eba»te$  mar- . 

tfiTu)  is  called  "snapper"  on  the  North  Atlantic  coast;  the  blacMl 
(Pomatomus  saltatrix)  is  called  "snapper"  and  "blue  snapper"  on 
flie  New  England  coast;  and  the  cod  that  live  near  the  shore  away 
from  the  ledges  are  called  "black  sasppMS.** 

Sole  (5o^^a?).— The  American  sole,  or  hog-choker  (Achinitftif. 
euitus)  is  common  from  Boston  to  Galveston.  See  FlouiMier. 

8RAasM.*~iAir  liCooiiABh. 

Spanish  mackerel  {Scomheromorue  maculatus). — ^A  very  choice 
food  fish  found  on  the  Adantic  coast  south  of  Cape  Cod  and  in  the 
eastern  part  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  average  length  is  about  20 
inches;  average  weight  about  3  pouads.  InOaiifaniiatheliiaitwey 
Spanish  mackerel  {S.  concolor)  is  a  most  excellent  food  fish.  Hm^ 
are  caught  on  troll  lines  and  in  gill  nets  and  pound  nets. 

The  eavaOa  (8.  cbssIIb)  is  a  West  Indisa  species,  but  often  takea 
in  small  numbers  on  the  southern  New  England  coast.  It  is  also 
known  as  "kingfish."  The  name  "cere"  m  often  apfdied  to  tht 
Spannh  mackerel. 

Speckled  tbout  (^SoZveiiRMtybafiNalii).— An  eaweOent  food  fish 
found  in  cold  lakes  and  streams  of  the  Atlantic  watershed,  in  the 
headwaters  of  the  Mississippi,  and  in  the  Great  Lakes  region.  It  is 
^  ^awrif sn  **hreBk  treat.**  ThoTBietediflvBvchmsiBeand 
qqwnance  in  different  r^ioms.  ItisoargaHi8BtMk,Midiig«Mi^ 
al^  caqgjht  with  hook  and  line. 

The  rainbow  trout  (Salmo  irideus)  of  California  and  the  Dolly 
VsrIsb  trout  (Salvelinus  malmm)  of  the  aMMMt^if  are  sameliaMi 
known  as  "speckled  trout." 

Spebic  whale  {PhyaeUr  macrocephaltu).~One  of  the  most  valu- 
aUe  of  tike  whales;  foasdiabolh  <he  Athmtfe  aad  Pacific  Oceans. 
It  is  also  called  "cachelot."  The  males  reach  a  length  of  70  feet,  the 
females  much  less.  They  are  captured  for  their  oil  and  spermaceti. 
An  intestinal  substance  called  "ambergris  "  is  also  very  valuable. 

Sponge.— The  sponge  of  coasaMree  is  faaad  off  Oe  Florida  coast. 

The  grades  generally  rank  sheepswool,  yellow,  velvet,  grass,  and 
glove;  but  different  men  in  the  business  grade  them  differently. 

ftror  (LekmUmuB  mnAmw). — food  Mi  found  along  the  coast 
from  Cape  Cod  to  Texas.  It  is  called  "goody"  in  New  Jersey, 
"roach"  in  the  Chesapeake,  "chub"  at  Charleston,  S.  C.,"masooka''' 
on  the  St.  Johns,  "chopa  blanca"  at  Pensacola,  "Lafayette",  etc. 

It  is  ahMrtttachesknt,  and  is  takw  with  hook  aad  BBe  aad  m  giH 

nets. 

Sp&at. — 1.  A  local  New  England  name  for  the  young  alewile. 
2.  AasAUIoBe. 

Squeteague  (CjfJtOKionregalis).— An  excellent  food  fish  found  in 
abundance  along  the  Atlantic  coast  from  Cape  Cod  to  Florida.  It  is 
known  as  "drummer"  about  Cape  Cod;  "yellowfin"  about  Buz- 
zards Bay;  "  weakfish  "  in  New  Toric  aad  Newlenejr;  "UuefiA  **  hi 
Delaware  and  Virginia;  "gray  trout,"  "sun  trout,"  "shad  trout," 
"sea  trout,"  and  "salt-water  trout"  in  the  Middle  and  South  Atlaiif 


APPENDIX. 


317 


tic  states;  and  "squeteague,"  "squit,"  "chickwit,"  etc.,  in  various 
pUces.  It  averages  about  2^  pounds  in  wei^t,  though  some  indi- 
viduals attain  a  weight  of  30  pounds.  They  are  caug^tin  seines  aad 
gill  nets  and  with  hook  and  line.  The  sounds  are  of  commercial 
value.  The  spotted  squeteague  ( Cynoscion  nebulosus)  is  found  from 
New  Jersey  to  Texas,  and  is  somewhat  larger  than  the  preceding. 
The  OUifomk  "hhteOih'*  fo  C^nosdoa  panifbum.  The  p«pt 
"white  sea-bass  "  of  Califonda  li  Cfmmim  aaNKi. 
8Q,vtD.—Su  Guttle-fiah. 

STABnsH.— A  Btar-flhaped  animal  ctmsisting  of  a  centnl  disk  from 

iridch  ntdiate  five  arms  or  "fingers;"  found  all  along  the  coast  and 
known  as  "five-finger,"  "aea-star,"  "star,"  etc.   It  is  of  importance 
only  on  account  of  the  great  damage  it  does  to  oyster  beds. 
STBAwaaairr  bass.— ^Sm  Oalico  bsss. 

Striped  bass  (Roccus  lineatus). — One  of  the  choicest  food  fishes 
found  along  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts;  it  often  ascends  rivers  for 
severalmiles.  IntfaeN(vtfaitisgenerallycalled1he"stripedbass;" 
in  the  South  "rockfish"  and  "rock."  Large  specimens  are  called 
"green-head  "  and  "squid-hound  "  by  New  Englanders.  The  aver- 
age length  is  about  3  feet;  average  weight  about  20  pounds.  They 
are  caoi^t  in  wein,  traps,  gill  nets,  and  semes,  sad  with  hook  and 
line.  The  name  ia  sometimes  applied  to  tibe  wilite  hasB  {Romu 
daytopt)  of  the  Great  Lakes  r^;ion. 

SruaoBON  {Acipenmridtt). — ^A  food  fish  found  on  the  Atlantic  and 
Ihcific  coasts  and  in  auuiy  inland  waton.  The  various  species  are 
known  as  "lake  sturgeon,"  "white  sturgeon,"  "shovelnose,"  etc. 
The  Atlantic  stuigeon  attains  a  length  of  5  to  12  feet  and  a  weight 
of  ¥10  to  500  pounds.  They  are  caogiht  in  drift  neti^  pound  nets, 
weirs,  and  seines,  and  by  spearing  and  "gaffing."  They  are  sold 
fresh,  pickled,  and  smoked,  for  food;  "caviar"  is  manufactured 
boa  their  eggs;  the  skin  is  made  into  leather;  the  sounds  are  used 
ia  the  manufacture  of  g^ue  and  isinglass;  a  valuable  oil  is  some- 
times obtained  from  the  parts  not  used  for  food;  and  tibe  nfare  is 
used  for  fertilizing  purposes. 

flpcacaa  (Chtosiesiiag).— A  food  fish,  <rf  iriridi  some  58  species  are 
found  in  most  of  the  fresh  waters  of  the  United  States.  The  different 
species  are  known  as ' '  May  sucker, "  "  mud  sucker, "  "  chub  sucker, ' ' 
etc.,  "rabbit-mouth,"  "harelip,"  "split-mouth,"  "red  horse," 
"mullet,"  "creek-fish,"  "black  horse,"  "buffalo-fish,"  "mooga- 
dee,"  etc.  They  vary  in  size,  all  attaining  a  length  of  at  least  a  foot. 
They  are  caught  with  hook  and  line,  spears,  nets,  snares,  etc. 

8tn<Ka«a.— As  Bhnhadc. 

SvLPHiXR-BOTToa  WOAtS  {SUtbaMius  sul  fureus). — The  largest 
known  cetacean,  reaching  a  length  of  100  feet.  It  is  found  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  and  is  captured  only  by  the  use  of  the  bomb  lance. 
It  is  valuable  for  its  oil  and  baleen. 

SuNPisH  {Eupomotis  gibbosus). — A  food  fish  found  in  the  Great 
Lakes  r^on,  the  upper  Mississippi  Valley,  and  the  coastwise  streams 
from  Mihie  to  Geoqpa.  It  is  abo  known  as  "sunny,"  ' ' pumpkin- 
seed,"  "bream,"  etc.  It  averages  about  a  pound  in  weight  and  is 
caught  with  hook  and  line.  Related  species  are  known  as  "sunfish," 
"long-eared  sunfish,"  "blue  sunfish,"  etc. 

The  ocean  sunfish  ( Jfels  «io2a)  is  found  off  the  entire  coast  of  the 
United  States ;  also  called  ' '  headfish . "  It  reaches  a  weifl^  of  800 
pounds,  and  yields  a  large  quantity  of  valuable  oil. 

Svw^nnB  (Bmiiotoeidse).—A  food  firii  found  in  huge  numben 
along  the  Pacific  coast.  The  general  name  "perch  "  is  applied  to 
tiiem  everywhere  along  the  coast;  they  are  also  called  "pogy  "  and 
"poigy"  on  the  Or^u  coast,  "surf-fish"  south  of  Monterey,  and 
'«minny,"  "spacada,"  "moharra,"  etc.,  along  then  aortiiemiaage. 
The  largest  attain  a  weight  of '4  pooidi^  tha  avenge  is  abeat  1 
pound.  Su  Alfione. 

ScaoaoN-nsH  ( TeuUns  Aepafiw).— This  is  (he  TIm^  comnon  bom 
Carolina  to  Florida.  It  is  a  good  food  fish.  Also  known  as  "kaeet- 
fish,"  "doctor-fish,"  etc. 

SwELL-nsH  (  Tetraodonntidae). — The  different  species  are  known  as 
*'globe-fldies,"  "puflea,''  "swalktoad,"  etc.  Thay  aw  common 


SwoRDFiSH  {Xiphias  gladius). — One  of  the  best  food  fishes  found 
the  entire  length  of  the  Atlantic  coast,  and  rarely  off  the  California 
coast  The  avenge  we^t  is  fraet  900  lo  400  ponads.  It  is  ca^ 
tured  with  harpoons,  and  is  sold  flMh,  pieMad,  and  wted.  The 

swords  are  sold  as  curiosities. 

Tailor. — ^The  "salt-water  tailor"  is  the  bluefish  (Pomatomua 
soitatrKr)  of  North  ChMlhu^  Vhighda,  and  Mvy^  The  "hash- 
water  tailor"  is  the  mattowacca  (Clupea  Tnediocris)  of  the  Potomac. 

Tabfon  ( Tarpon  atlantiau). — ^An  immense  heiring-like  fiish  found 
intiiewestem  Atlantic  and  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  abo  called  "jew* 
fish"  in  Georgia  and  Florida;  "grand  ^-aille,"  or  "grandy-kye," 
and  "savanilla"  in  Texas;  and  "silver-fish"  at  Pensacola.  It 
attains  a  length  of  6  feet  and  a  weight  of  75  pounds,  and  is  caught  on 
hooka  aad  in  snims.  It  is  seldom  used  for  food,  btrt  dte  scaka, 
which  are  from  1  to  3  inches  in  diameter,  are  sold  for  ornaments. 

Tautog  (Tautoga  onitis). — A  food  fish  found  along  the  east  coast 
from  Maine  to  South  Carolina.  On  the  New  York  coast  it  is  called 
"blackfiah;"  in  New  Jersey,  "blackfish,"  "tautog,"  and  "chub;" 
on  the  Virginia  coast,  "Moll"  and  "Will  George,"  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Chesapeake,  "salt-water  chub; "  and  in  North  Carolina,  "oyster- 
fish."  The  aTonge  weight  ia  about  2  pounda;  average  length, 
about  15  inches.  It  is  caugbt  on  hooks,  and  in  pounds,  weirs,  and  nets. 

Ten-pounder  (Elopa  saurus). — A  game  fish  found  in  America 
north  to  the  Carolinas  and  Gulf  of  California.  Also  known  as  "big- 
eyed  hefrii«,"  "hoaHfah,"  "pifl|o,"  "John  Marigl^*'  etc. 

Terrapin. — The  salt-water  terrapin  ( Malaclemmys  palustris)  is 
very  highly  prized  for  food.  It  is  found  in  salt  marshes  along  the 
coast  frmn  Massachusetts  to  Texas,  but  Aore  whidi  enter  into  cooh 
merce  are  principally  from  Chesapeake  Bay  and  the  Carolina  coast. 
They  are  also  called  "salt-marsh  turtle"  and  "diamond-back." 
The  average  weight  is  4  or  5  pounds.  They  are  taken  in  dredges, 
seines,  and  nets. 

The  fresh-water  terrapins  are  generally  distributed  south  of  the 
fwty-first  parallel  of  latitude.  The  most  common  used  for  food  are 
the  "red-bellied  tenapin"  {PmtdeiHyt  rvgon),  the  "aobiliaaar'' 
(P.  moKNenm),  and  the  "yeUow-bellied  teaapin"  (i*.  aoafra). 

Thimble-ete. — See  Chub  mackerel. 

TiLEFisH  {LatUidse). — A  food  fish  found  along  the  Atlantic  and 
Oulfcoaata,  aad  on  the  Pacific  coast  south  of  Monterey.  TheOaK* 
fomia  sp>ecie8  (Caulolatilns  princeps)  is  also  known  as  the  "white» 
fi[ah  "  and  ' '  blanquillo."  The  AUantic  q>eeiea (Lopholatilus  cAom»> 
teonticept)  is  abundant  at  the  edge  of  tiw  €Kdf  alMaB  aoatfnnid 
from  Nantucket.  AH  are  caught  with  hook  aad  Haa. 

Tinker  mackerel.— .9ce  Chub  mackereL 

ToGUE. — See  Lake  trout. 

ToaooD. — ^The  Atlantic  tomcod  (MkrogoiuM  tameod)  ranges  from 

New  York  to  Newfoundland,  often  ascending  rivers.  It  is  also 
known  as  the  "frostfish. "  The  Pacific  tomcod  (JUT.  proivmu)  is 
found  from  Monterey  northward.  Eadi  qwdea  reachea  a  length  of 
about  1  foot  and  a  weight  of  about  one4ialf  pound .  They  are  taken 
in  great  numbers  in  seines  and  sweep  nets,  and  with  hook  and  line. 
The  name  is  also  applied  to  the  kingfish  {Mentidrrhua  MaxatUit)  on 
the  Connecticut  coast,  aad  to  the  boeaccio  (MartsiM  paaeiqMNt) 
on  the  California  coast. 
Tortoise. — See  Turtle. 

Tbiple-tail  (Lobotet  mrinamennt). — ^A  food  fish,  found  on  the 
Atlantic  coast  as  far  north  as  Cape  Cod ,  abundant  South .  1 1  Ls  known 
in  South  Carolina  as  "black  perch, "  and  on  the  St.  Johns  River  as 
"grouper. "  It  attains  a  length  of  from  2  to  3  feet,  and  is  caught  with 
hoidE  aad  ttne.  The  scales  are  aold  at  a  hi^  priee  for  nmawsnta. 

TROtJT. — A  common  name  given  to  the  divisions  of  the  salmon 
hunily  f  onned  by  the  genus  Salmo  of  weatem  America,  the  genua 
Saivdiintit  or  cham,  and  the  genus  CriMtivomer  or  Great  Lakes  tront. 
Salmo  is  represented  by  three  series — the  cutthroat  trout  {S.  clarkii), 
the  rainbow  trout  (S.  irideus),  and  steelhead  trout  (S.  ririilaris) . 
SalvelinuM  is  represented  in  America  by  some  seven  species,  and 
CKrt»w8Mr  by  two.  8m  Lalw  treat,  Speddad  treat,  Bodk  treat, 


ilS  flBMKRIET  OF  THE 

TkniKnsH  (0«tracudk).— DHhrait  species  are  known  as  "cuck- 
ili,*  -tmrntA,"  *%aned  inaikMi,"  "spotted  tronkfish,"  etc. 
Ihey  are  a  tropical  fish  found  in  sflMBmnilMn<«1te9laridftcaHt. 

TcsKT.— ^«  Horse-mackerel. 


TOMOT.— 5ee  Flounder.   The  true  turbot  (Bothirue)  is  not  found 


WAUrKTED  riKE.— iSm  FOce  pwA. 

WmmmC9  (Odorttobsenus  ronmarus  and  0.  ohesvs).—A  marine  mam- 
■■IL  innd  in  the  north  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Oceans.  It  attains  a 
talgk  «ff  It  iMtMd  •  iMiilktflf  2,0WiNiaBd>;  sverages  abe«taBe> 
inidi  l^>^^  They  are  captured  by  means  of  the  rifle,  harpooB,  and 
iMee,  and  are  valuable  for  their  oil,  tusks,  hide,  and  flesh. 

Wammmim  (Ckmmktfthu  fiaonu).—A  email  food  fish,  found 
■kndantly  in  sluggish  waters  from  Virginia  to  Texas,  nnmntlwm  m 
Iv  north  as  Lake  Michigan.  It  is  also  called  "perch, "  "sunfish, " 
"foggle^ye,"  "red-eye,"  etc.   The  average  weight  is  about  1 

White  vabs  (Rocrus  chrimps).—\  food  fish,  found  abundantly 
in  the  Great  Lakes  legum  and  in  the  Ohio  and  upper  MisBissippi, 
iiMuij  m  dwy  — d  itiH  wafcws.  It  i»  alta  caOad  "striped  ban. " 
Its  ueual  wei^t  is  from  1  ta  S  poMBdik  It  ti  m  Iwwia,  tmi 
anks  higli  as  a  food  fish. 

Wtanma  (Ckfregontu). — They  fcwm  one  of  the  most  important, 
poupe  of  fresb-water  fishes  of  America.  The  common  whitefish  (Ce 
€l»ipeaformu)  is  the  most  valued  of  the  tribe,  although  the  oth  ers  ar 
kj^ly  erteeaMdaaafood.  Itisfound  in  the  Great  Lakes  region  and 
is  known  as  "humpback, "  "bowback, "  and  "highback  "  whitefish; 
alsaaa  "Otatgo  bass  "  in  the  neigjiborhood  of  Otsego  Lake,  N .  Y.  It 

•■HJ^  efciefly  in  gill  nets,  and  averages  less  than  4  pounds  in 
iMll^t.  Other  economic  species  are  the  Rocky  Mountain  iriiitefidi 
(C.  tnOisMom);  the  Menominee  whitefish  (C.  qvadrilateralis)  also 
IscaDj  known  as  "round  whitefish,"  "frostfirii,"  "shadwater," 
"pilot  fisfa,"  "chivey,"  "blackback,"  etc.  The  wluteiidiea  be- 
kag  to  the  salmon  family.  The  name  is  also  applied  to  the  bluefish 
iFvmmtomMt  mdtatrix)  on  the  Hudson;  to  the  menhaden  (Brevoartia 
•  "I'  I'")  in  western  Connectiart;  to  Ika  tilaMi  (OwTshlflai 
rrinrep$)  in  OdilHiriR;  mA  «•  At  MapR  (Jn^iia^rtpw  ham) 
by  whaloa. 


UNITOD  STATES,  1908. 

White  perch  (Morone  arruricana). —This  bass  is  an  important  food 
fish,  found  very  abundantly  along  the  Atlantic  coast  from  South  Caro- 
lina to  Nova  Scotia;  it  also  occurs  in  iMackkhmrtefs  in  tiieiBoayM 

of  rivers,  and  is  sometimes  landlocked  in  fresh-water  ponds.  It  it 
the  common  "perch"  of  the  fisheries  of  the  Middle  Atlantic  states. 
Tlie  average  length  is  8  to  9  inches.  It  is  caught  with  seines,  neti^ 
hook  and  line,  etc.,  and  is  used  veiy  extensively  for  food.  The 
name  is  also  applied  to  the  fresh-water  drum  {Aplodinotus  grun- 
nims)  in  the  Ohio  River,  and  to  the  poigee  (DamBMehtJ^ft  argyroto- 
mtu)  on  the  CaUfomia  coast. 

Whiting  (Menticirrhus  saxatilis).— This  fish  is  otherwise  known  as 
the  "kingfiflh"  and  "sea-mink";  it  is  abundant  from  Cape  Ann  to 
Pensacola.  The  sand-whiting  {M.  americamu),  also  known  as 
"deep-water  whiting, "  is  abundant  from  Chesapeake  Bay  to  Texas. 
The  surf-whiting  {M.  littoralis),  also  called  the  ''silver- whiting,  "  is 
common  from  the  Carolinas  to  Texas.  The  California  whiting  (Jf. 
itiMfcitsfiit)  is  also  known  as  tiie"Band-sodcer.''  On  the  coast  of 
Florida  they  are  variously  known  as  "kingfish,"  "barb,"  "bull- 
head whiting, "  and  "ground  mullet. "  They  attain  a  length  of  10 
inches  and  a  weight  of  pounds.  They  are  caught  with  hook  and 
line  and  in  seines,  and  are  a  food  ibb  of  conadeiablo  importmce. 
The  name  is  also  applied  to  the  harvest-fish  (Peprilus  paru)  at  Nor- 
folk, Va.,  and  to  the  silver  hake  (Merkueitu  bilinearit)  on  the  New 
Englaod  coast. 

Wolf-fish  (Anarhichas  lupus).— A  large  fish  found  off  the  New 
England  coast  north  of  Nantucket  Shoals.  It  is  also  called  "cat- 
fish. "  The  average  length  is  about  4  feet;  average  weight  about  25 
pounds.  It  is  caught  on  hotteand  in  saiBaa,  and  is  aoid  frMh,  nHad, 
and  dried  and  smoked. 

Yeixowtail  (Bairdiella  ckry sura). —An  excellent  food  fiah  found 
on  the  Atfantie  coast  from  Cape  Cod  to  Trans;  it  is  espedaUy 
abundant  South.  It  is  called  "silver  perch"  on  the  coast  of 
New  Jersey,  and  "mademoiselle"  at  Pensacola.  It  averages  8 
indiea  in  length.  The  name  is  also  applied  to  the  menhaden 
(JRmoorfia  ijfrannus)  from  Nortih  Gnolina  to  Fkxida;  to  the 
nnmer  (ElagoHs  bipinnulatvs)  at  Pensacola;  to  the  sailor's 
choice  (Lagodon  rhomboides)  in  the  Indian  River  r^on;  to  the 
amber-«flk  (Mils  dbrMlit)  on  tiie  Oalifontia  coast  aonth  of 
Santa  Baiham;  aad  to  tte  gma  fodcMi  iStbuHAAft  JbvMw) 
I  atM<mtcMgr. 


INDEX 


Abalone,  comparison  with  previous  census, 
26;  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
diviaons,  28;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  32 ; 
by  states,  42. 

Africa,  value  of  exports  of  domestic  fishery 
products  to,  291;  of  imports,  293. 

Alabama,  summary  of  fisheries,  IS;  persons 
employed,  not  including  shoresmen,  18; 

auantity  and  value  of  prodvetlH  iS,  34; 
etailed  statistics,  79-82. 
Alaska,  salmrai  product  of  canneries  and 
pacldng  houses,  283;  rank  in  value,  283; 
cod  packed,  284,  285. 
Albacore,  or  horse  mackerel,  origin  of  name, 
9;  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  26;  by  appaiatosof  captwe,  30; 
by  states,  34. 
Alewives,  origin  of  name,  9;  rank  in  value, 
24;  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  26;  by  apparatus  of  capture, 
30;  by  states,  34;  detailed  statistics  re- 
garding, 47.    See  also  Alewives  and  roe. 
Atewivee  and  roe,  canned  and  preserved, 
value,  by  geog^iMc  divisionsj^l,  287; 
by  method  of  treatment,  286,  287;  quan- 
tity, 287. 
Alligator  hides.   See  Hides. 
Amber-fish,  or  jack-fish,  quantity  and  value, 
by  geographic  divisions,  26;  by  apparatus 
of  capture,  30;  by  states,  34. 
Anchovies,  quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  26;  by  apparatus  of 
capture,  30;  by  states,  84.  Su  alao  An- 
chovies and  sardines. 
Anchovies  and  sardines,  imports,  by  country 
from  which  imported,  292.   See  also  Sar- 
dines. 

Angel-fish.  See  Moonfish,  angel-fish,  or 


Appamtus  of  capture,  variety  of,  8,  21,  22; 
value,  by  geographic  divisions,  11,  22; 
by  Atlantic  coast  state  groups,  11;  in 
states  on  Chesapeake  Bay,  12;  on  Great 
Lakes,  12;  by  commercial  fisheries,  19; 
by  states,  21,  79-279;  detailed  statistics, 
22;  products  by,  29,  30,  44,  46.  See  also 
Apparatus  of  capture  and  outfit. 

Apparatus  of  capture  and  outfit,  comparison 
with  former  censuses,  10.   See  aleo  Outfit. 

Areentina,  value  of  exports  of  domestic 
fishery  products  to,  291. 

Arkansas,  summaiy  of  fisheries,  13;  persons 
employed,  not  mcluding  ehwesmen,  18; 

Quantity  and  value  of  prodnets,  26,  34; 
etailed  statistics,  82-84. 
Asia,  value  of  exports  of  domestic,  fishery 

products  to,  291;  of  imports,  293.  * 
Astttic  BxmUk,  iwBBfBrtB  of  fisMry  pradncts. 


Atlantic  coast  district,  exclusive  of  Long 
Island  Sound,  fish^  {mxlucts  of,  205. 

Atlantic  coast  division,  summary  of  statis- 
tics, 11;  by  Atlantic  coast  state  groups, 
11;  persons  employed,  salaries,  and  wages, 
by  main  brancnes  of  industry,  14,  16;  per 
cent  of  persons  engaged  in  fidiing,  15; 
capital  invested  in  vessels  and  boats,  20, 
22,  23;  average  tonnage  of  vessels,  21,  23; 
number,  23;  producfi^,  by  species,  26;  by 
class  of  fisheries  and  apparatus  of  capture, 
29;  canning  and  preservine,  fish  and 
<qwtinr,  avmaMiy ,  by  geoguptae  di-viAns, 


281;  value  of  products,  281,  287;  of  by- 
products, 282;  cod  packed,  2M,  285; 
oysters  canned,  285. 
Atlantic  Ocean  district,  fishoy  pcodnds  o^ 
108,  151,  258,  259,  262. 

Barracuda,  quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  26;  by  apparatus  of  cap- 
ture, 30;  by  states,  34;  pickled,  287. 
Baas,  black,  quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 
gn^hic  divisions,  26;  by  appaiatos  oi 
capture,  30;  by  states,  34. 

 crappie  ana  stxawberrj',  quantity  and 

value,  by  geographic  divisions,  27;  by 
apparatus  of  capture,  30;  by  states,  35. 
rock,  quantity  and  value,  by  goo 


graphic  divisions,  27 ;  by  apparatus  of  cap- 
ture, 90;  by  states,  38. 

—  sea,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  27;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  30; 

by  states,  39. 

—  striped,  quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  '28;  by  appawtwa  <rf 


capture,  32;  by  states,  40. 

 white,  quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  28;  by  appan^  of  cup- 
ture,  32;  by  states,  40. 

Beam  trawls,  number  and  value,  22;  quan- 
tity and  value  of  products  caught  by,  by 
geographic  divisions,  29;  by  states,  45. 

Belgium,  imports  of  fishery  products,  292, 
293. 

Black  baas.  See  Baas. 
Black  cod.  See  Cod. 

Bluefish,  rank  in  value,  24;  quantity  and 
value,  by  geographic  divisions,  28;  by 
apparatus  of  capture,  30;  by  states,  St; 
detailed  statistics  regarding,  48. 

Boat  fidMries.  See  Shore  and  boat  firiieries. 

Boats,  comparison  with  former  censusesL  lO; 
use  of  term,  20;  value,  by  geographic  divi- 
sions, 20,  22,  23;  number  and  tonnage,  23; 
detailed  statistics,  by  states,  79-279.  ^ 

 row,  value,  by  geographic  diviaaOB, 

22,  23;  number  and  tonnage,  23. 

 sail,  value,  by  geographic  divisioBB,  22, 

23;  number  ana  tfmnage,  23. 

 steam  and  motor,  value,  by  geographic 

divisions,  22,  23;  number  and  tonnage,  23. 
See  also  Vessels  and  boats,  including  outfit. 

Bonito,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  26;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  30; 
by  states,  34. 

Bowfins.  See  Dogfish,  or  bowfins. 

Brazil,  value  of  exports  of  domestic  fishery 
products  to,  291. 

Bream  and  sunfish,  use  of  term,  9;  quantity 
and  value,  by  geographic  divisions,  26; 
by  appaiatus  of  capture,  30;  by  states,  34. 

^tish  la^  ia^arts  oi  fiAoiy  ptom^. 


British  South  Africa,  imports  of  fishery  prod- 
ucts, 292. 

British  West  Indies,  imports  of  fishery  prod- 
ucts, 293. 
Brook  trout.   See  Trout. 
Buffalo  fish,  tank  in  value,  24;  quantity  and 
value,  by  geographic  divisions,  26;  by 
apparatus  of  capture,  30;  by  states,  35; 
detailed  statistics  regarding,  48. 
Bureau  of  Fisheries,  cooperation  in  can- 
7,8. 


Butterfish,  use  of  term,  10;  quantity  and 

value,  by  geographic  divisions,  26;  by 
apparatus  of  capture,  30;  by  states,  35. 

California,  summary'  of  fisheries,  13;  persons 
employed,  not  including  shcMesmen,  18; 
value  of  apparatus  of  capture,  21;  quantity 
and  value  of  products,  25,  34;  detailed 
statistics,  84-91;  canning  and  preserving, 
fish  and  oysters,  value  of  by-products, 
282;  salmon  product  of  canneries  and 
packing  houses,  283;  rank  in  value,  283; 
sardines  packed,  284;  cod  packed,  181, 
285. 

Canada,  imports  of  fishery  products,  292, 293. 
Sec  also  OMda,  NewtNoadlaBd,  aad  Lab- 
rador. 

Canada.  Newfoundland,  and  Labrador,  value 
of  exports  of  domestic  fishery  products  to, 
291. 

Canning  and  preserving,  fish  and  oysters, 
classification  of  establidiments  engaged 

in,  9;  comparison  with  former  consumes, 
280;  statistics,  by  geographic  divisions, 
280;  products,  bv  kind,  281;  bv  .species, 
281,  287;  by-foroducts,  282;  food  products, 
286. 

Capital,  amount,  by  geographic  divisions, 
11,  22;  by  Atlantic  coast  state  groups,  11; 
in  states  on  Chesapeake  Bay,  12;  on  Cireat 
Lakes,  12;  leading  items  of,  19;  states  re- 
porting more  than  $2,000,000,  19.  Sre  also 
Capital,  not  including  shore  and  accessory 
property  and  cash  mti  Bqiiipmem  aad 
other  capital. 

Capital,  not  including  shore  and  accesstty 

{)roperty    and    caao,   compafiaoa  wiA 
ormer  censuses,  10. 
Carp,  German,  rank  in  value,  24;  quantity 
and  value,  by  geographic  divisions,  26; 
by  apparatus  of  capture,  30;  by  atatea,  S5; 
detailed  statistics  r^;arding,  49. 
Cash,  use  of  term,  19;  amount  invested  in 
commercial  fisheries,  19.    See  alto  Shon 
and  accessory  property  and  cash. 
Catfish,  origin  of  name,  9;  rank  in  value,  24; 
quantity  and  value,  by  geographic  di- 
visions, 26;  by  apparatus  of  capwia,  90; 
by  statea,  35;  detailed  stetiatioa  niBMrd- 
ing,  51. 

Caviar,  quantity  aii<l  value,  by  geographic 

divisions,  28;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  32; 

by  states,  41;  exports  o^  29L  8m  abe 

StUKODB  and  caviar. 
Central  America,  valoe  of  exports  of  do— ea 

tic  fishery  products  to,  291. 
Central  division.   See  Eastern  and  central 

divisions. 

Chesapeake  Bay,  persons  employed,  12,  16; 

capital,  and  value  of  moducts,  12. 
Gheeapeakfe  Bay  district,  nshery  jvoducts  of, 

ISO,  257,  259.  261. 
Cbile,  value  of  exports  of 

products  to,  291. 
Chinese  Empire,  f~ 

292,  293. 

Clams,  rank  in  value,  24 ;  comparison  with 
previous  census,  26;  detailed  statistics  re- 
garding, 52;  canned  and  preeerved,  valoe, 

by  geographic  divisions,  281.  287;  by 
method  of  treatment,  286,  287;  quantitv, 

ssr. 


Clams,  hard,  pounds  of  meat  per  bushel,  9; 
(quantity  and  value,  by  geographic  divi- 
Bions,  28;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  32; 
hjtmm,42. 
——  nsor,  poMKb  of  meat  per  bushel,  9; 
quantity  and  Triae,  by  geographic  divi- 
aons,  28;  by  HflwlMi  «i  a^tm,  32; 
by  states,  42. 

  soft,  pounds  of  meat  per  bushel,  9; 

quantity  and  value,  by  geQgiaphic  divi- 
810D8,  28;  by  apfMHlM  tl  Oftme,  92; 
hj  states,  42. 
— -  surf,  poimdfl  of  meat  per  bushel,  9; 
(quantity  and  value,  by  geographic  divi- 
sions, 28;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  32; 
by  states,  42. 
Cobia,  quantity  and  value,  bv  geqgi^>hic 
divisions,  26;  hyttffmiiDmmttfltmtt  90; 
bTatat«B,35. 
ObdneB,  winUeB,  and  condM,  pounds  of 
meat  per  bushel,  9;  quantity  and  value, 
by  ge(^raphic  divisions,  28;  by  apparatus 
of  capture,  32;  by  states,  42. 
Cod,  raiik  in  value,  24;  quantity  and  value, 
by  geographic  divisions,  27 ;  by  apparatus  of 
— tare,  90;  by  states,  35:  detailed  statia- 
iMMiding,  52;  canned  and  preserved, 
by  ge<^raphic  divisions,  281,  287; 
by  states,  284  ,  285;  by  method  of  treat- 
ment, 286, 287;  quantity,  281, 284, 285, 287. 
  black,  quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  26;  by  a|i|MMitaB  of 
cmgUm,  30;  by  states,  34. 

cdtos,  quantity  sjod  value,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  27;  by  apparatus  of  cap- 
ture, 30;  by  states,  36.  See  also  Cod,  had- 
dock, hake,  and  pollack. 
Cod,  haddock,  hake,  and  poUack,  esports  of, 
91;  imp(MiB,  hy  es— >ry  htm  wmA  fan- 
Mvted,  292. 
OMondo,  persons  employed,  not  induding 

shoresmen,  18. 
Columbia  River  district,  fishery  products  of, 
224,  268. 

CoBcfas.  ^  See  Cockles,  winkles,  and  cooctis. 

OwMcticut,  summary  of  fisheries,  13;  pw- 
sons  employed,  not  itwliniing  shoteanen, 
18;capital,  19;  quantityand'ndue  of  prod- 
ucts, 25,  34;  detailed  statistics,  91-96. 

Crabs,  length  of  season,  17;  rank  in  value,  24; 
comparison  with  previous  census,  26; 
detailed  statistics  r^s;arding,  54;  canned 
and  i»eeerved,  value,  by  geogiMdiie  ^Mr 
mmm,  281,  287;  by  metfa^  «f  tonlMBt, 
M,  J87;  quantity,  287. 

 hard,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 

divisions,  28;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  32; 
by  states,  41. 

 king,  quantityand  value,  by  caqpsphic 

divisians,  28;  by  a{qpanl«s  sfoplan,  32; 
bgratotes,  41. 

 soft,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 

divisions,  28; by appHMtM mtlftmm, S2; 
by  states,  41. 

  spider,  quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 

papoic  divisions,  28;  by  apfMxatus  of 


staM,  qiutity  and  value,  by  geo- 
graphic dtviskos,  28;  by  apparatus  of 
capture,  32;  by  states,  41. 
Crappie  and  strawberry  bass.   See  Bass. 
OawiSsh,  comparison  with  previous  census, 
28;  qnan^r  mod  vafai^  bv  geogr>|>luc 
dhfims,  28;  by  i^ppanlaisl  o^itare,  32; 
b9rslBaea^41. 
OevalM,  quaatily  aad  value,  bv  geographic 
divisions,  27;  Iqr  ippMrtasWofliii^  tO; 
by  states,  35. 
Ooaker,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
dhriMM^  27;  »f  i^paiatns  of  ci^ttare,  30; 
^sMM^St. 
Oustacean^  quantity  and  value,  24; 

parison  with  previous  census,  26. 
Cuba,  value  of  expmrts  of  domestic 
products  to,  291;  of  imports,  293. 


Cultus  cod.   See  Cod. 

Cumberland  and 
products  of,  245. 

Cunner,  quantity  and  value,  hj  gsogiaphic 
divisions,  27;  by  appwtUB  m  lUftnw,  30; 
by  states,  36. 

Cusk,  quantity  and  valuie,  by  geographic  di- 
visions, 27;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  30; 
by  states,  36;  canned  and  preserved,  value, 
by  method  ci  treatm^  286, 287;^  geo- 


I,  summary  of  fisheries,  12, 13;  per- 
sons empi^ed,  not  including  shoresmen, 
18;  quantity  and  value  of  prcducts,  25,  34; 
detailed  statistics,  96-99. 
Delaware  Ri\er  and  Bay  district,  fishery 

products  of,  230. 
Detroit  River.   See  Lake  St.  Clair  and  St. 

Clair  and  Detroit  Riven. 
District  <A  Ctdumbia,  persons  saaidoyed,  not 

including  shoresmen,  18. 
Dogfish,  or  bowfins,  quantity  and  value,  by 
geographic  divisions,  27;  by  apparatus  of 
capture,  30;  by  states,  36. 
Dredges,  tongs,  rakes,  etc.,  value,  22;  quan- 
tity and  value  of  products  caught  by,  by 
ge^raphic  divisions,  29;  by  spades,  31; 
by  states,  45. 
Drmn,  origin  of  name,  9;  quantity  and  value, 
by  geographic  divisions,  27;  by  apparatus 


Eastern  and  central  divisions,  salmon  prod- 
uct of  canneries  and  packing  houses,  283. 

Eelpout.   See  Ling,  or  eelpoot. 

Eds,  quantity  and  value,  oy  aeognphic  di- 
▼inms,  27;  by  apparatus  ei  capture,  30; 
by  states,  36. 

Employees.  See  Persons  employed  and  Sal- 
aried employees. 

Equipment  and  othw  capital,  amount,  by 
ge(^phic  divisional,  22;  by stalas^  79^479. 
owo  CapitaL 

Europe,  vahie  <rf  exports  of  domestic  fishery 
pniducts  to,  291;  of  imports,  293. 

European  Russia,  imports  of  fishery  prod- 
ucts, 292. 

Exports,  comparison  with  imports,  288; 
value  of,  288,  289,  291;  by  iWBtfJ  to 
which  exported,  291. 

Fertilizer,  value,  by  geopnluc  divirions, 
281,  282;  by  states,  282.  AtiboWvOi- 

zer,  oil,  and  glue. 

Fertilizer,  oil,  and  glue,  quantity  and  value, 
by  geographic  divisions,  287. 

Firm  members,  use  of  term,  14. 

Firii,  confusion  in  conumm  names  of,  9;  dis- 
tribution, 24;  comparison  with  previous 
census,  26;  quantity  and  value,  by  species, 
26,  30;  by  geographic  divisions,  26;  by 
apparatus  of  capture,  30;  by  states,  34, 
79-279;  canned  and  preserved,  value,  by 
geographic  divisions,  281,  287;  by  kind, 
281, 287;  bymethod  of  treatment,  286,  287; 
quantity.  287;  eiports  291;  imports,  by 
kind  ana  eomtry  ktm  irtridi  imported , 
292. 

Fish  oil.   See  Oil. 

Fisheries,  general,  difficulty  attending  cen- 
sus of,  7 ;  comparison  with  former  censuses, 
10;  summary,  13;  products,  by  apparatus 
of  capture  andgeographicdivisMBS,  29;  by 
states,  7»-279;  detaOed  stetMcsr47-78. 

Fishermen,  exclusive  of  shoresmen,  com- 
parison with  former  censuses,  10:  prevail- 
ing nationaUty,  17;  dataited  stettrtita,  by 
states,  79-279. 

Fishery  products,  quantity  and  value,  24; 
detailedstatistics,  by  states,  79-279;  values 
ct  imports  and  exports,  288;  exports,  by 
kind,  291;  by  country  to  which  exported, 
291;  imports,  by  kiud2  292jby  country  I 
from  whidh  la^wrtsd,  Mt.  9m  mlto  , 
Products  i 


Fishing  vessels.  See  Vesseb. 

Florida,  summary  of  fisheries,  13;  persons 

employed,  not  including  shoresmen,  18; 

capital,  19;  value  of  apparatus  ot  capture, 

21;  quantity  and  value  of  products,  25, 34: 
detailed  statistics,  100-110;  canning  and 
preserving,  fish  and  oysters,  value  of  by- 
products, 282;  oysters  canned,  285;  shrimp 
and  prawn  preserved,  286. 

Flounders,  use  of  tenn,  9;  rank  in  value,  24; 
quantity  and  value,  by  geographic  divi- 
sions, 27;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  30;  by 
states,  36;  detailed  statistics  regarding,  56. 

Food  fish,  quantity  and  value,  24 ;  comparison 
with  previous  census,  26.   See  also  Fish. 

Food  products,  canning  and  preserving,  fish 
and  ojnaters,  value,  286.  See  also  Products. 

Prance,  imports  of  &dbery  products,  292, 293. 

Frogs,  comparison  with  previous  census,  26; 
quantity  and  value,  by  geographic  divi- 
sions, 28;  by  appantw  ofwaptwo,  3S;  by 
states,  41. 

Fykaaodboop] 


(Geographic  divisiois,  summary  of  fisheries 

by,  11;  persons  employed,  14,  15;  tonnage 
of  vessels,  21;  equipment  and  other  capi- 
tal, 22;  number,  tonnage,  and  value  of 
vessels  and  boats,  23;  products,  26,  29, 
47-78;  cannii^  and  preserving,  fish  and 
oystWB,  summary,  281;  produci^  281, 287; 
by-products,  282;  salmon  product  of  can- 
neries and  packing  houses,  283;  cod 
packed,  284,  285;  oysters  canned,  285. 
Georgia,  summary  of  fisheries,  13;  persons 
employed,  not  including  shoresmen,  18; 

auantity  and  value  of  products,  25,  34; 
etailed    statistics,    11&-113;  ojalaa 
canned,  285. 
German  carp.    See  Carp,  German. 
Germany,  value  of  exports  of  domestic  fish- 
ery products  to,  291;  «f  impohB,  198, 283. 
Gill  nets.   See  Nets. 

Glue,  value,  by  geographic  divisions,  281, 
282;  by  states,  282.  ^  ate>  FertUiser, 
oil,  andg^ue. 

Great  Lakes  and  Mississippi  River  divisions, 
canning  and  preservii^,  fish  and  oysten, 
value  of  products,  2^  /Sm  tim  MM^ 
sippi  Rivet  division. 

Great  Lakes  division,  summary  of  statistics, 
11;  persons  employed,  hy  main  bouichee 
of  industry,  14;  by  lakes  and  fiverB,  16; 
salaries  and  wages,  14;  per  cent  of  persona 
engaged  in  fishing,  15;  capital  invested  in 
vessels  and  boats,  20,  22;  average  tonn^e 
of  vessels,  21,  23;  number,  23;  products, 
by  species,  26;  by  class  of  fidi»ies  and 
apparatus  of  capture,  29;  canning  and 
preserving,  fish  and  oysters,  summary,  by 
geographic  divisions,  281;  value  of  prod- 
ucts, 281,  287;  of  by-products,  282._  See 
also  Great 
divisions. 


Greece,  imports  of  fishery  products^ 
Groqmr,  quantity  and  value,  by  gaogiaphic 
divMons,  27;  by  apparatus  of  captare,  30; 

by  states,  36. 


Grunts',  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  27;  byagfartBsoi< 

by  states,  36 


0^ 


Gulf  of  Mexico  district,  fishery 

107, 136, 137, 183j  184. 
Gulf  of  Mexico  divnioa,  sommanr  oi  statis* 

tics,  11;  persons  empliqred.  salaries,  and 
wages,  by  main  branches  of  industry,  14; 
per  cent  of  persons  engaged  in  fishing,  15; 
capital  invested  in  vessels  and  boats,  20, 
22,  23;  average  tonnage  of  vessels,  21,  23; 
number,  23;  product!^  by  species,  26;  by 
class  of  fisheries  and  appamtus  of  capture, 
29;  canning  and  preserving,  fish  and  oys- 
ters, summary,  by  geographic  divisiwis, 
281;  value  of  products,  281,  287;  of  bf^ 
products,  282;  oystos  canned,  285. 


INDEX. 


Haddock,  rank  in  value,  24;  quantity  and 
value,  by  geographic  divisions,  27;  by 
apparatus  of  capture,  30;  by  states,  36; 
4^tailed  statistics  regarding,  56;  canned 
pad  preserved,  value,  by  geographic  divi- 
sions, 281,  287;  by  metnod  of  treatment, 
286,  287;  quantity,  281,  287.  See  also 
Cod,  haddock,  hake,  and  pollack. 

Hake,  rank  in  value,  24;  quantity  and  value, 
by  geographic  divisions,  27;  by  apparatus 
01  capture,  30;  by  states,  36;  detailed  sta- 
tistics re^ftrding,  57;  canned  and  pre- 
saged, value,  oy  geographic  divisions, 
S81,  287;  by  method  of  treatment,  286, 
287;  quantity,  287. 

 silver,  quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  27;  by  apparatus  of  cap- 
ture, 32 ;  by  states,  39,  See  also  Cod,  had- 
dock, hake,  and  pollat^. 

Halibut,  origin  of  name,  9;  rank  in  value, 
24 ;  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic  divi- 
sions, 27;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  30;  by 
states,  36;  detailed  statistics  regarding,  57; 
canned  and  preserved,  value,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  281,  287;  by  method  of 
treatmfflit,  286,  287;  quantity,  287. 

Hard  clams.   See  Claaas. 

Hard  crabs.   See  Crabs. 

Harpoons,  spears,  etc.,  value,  22;  quantity 
and  value  of  products  caught  by,  by  geo- 
graphic divimae,  29;  by  spaeisa,  91;  by 
states,  45. 

Haul  seines.  See  Seines. 

Haning,  origin  of  name,  9;  quantity  and 
talue,  by  geographic  divisions,  27;  by 

apparatus  of  capture,  30;  by  states,  37; 
etailed  statistics  regarding,  58;  exports  of, 
291 ;  imports,  by  country  from  which  im- 

Eorted,  292;  canned  and  preserved,  value, 
y  geographic  (Bvisions,  281,  287;  by 
method  of  tvsalBMlt,  28^  287;  quality, 
281,  287. 

 lake,  rank  in  value,  24;  quantity  and 

value,  by  geographic  divisions,  27;  by 
apparatus  ot  capture,  30;  by  states,  37; 
detailed  statistics  regarding,  59;  canned 
todproeerved,  value,  by  geographic  divi- 
sions, 281,  287;  by  method  01  fifiahlW  ill, 
286,  287;  quantity,  281,  287. 

 salt-water,  rank  in  value,  24. 

Hickory  shad.   See  Shad. 

ffides,  alligator,  comparison  with  previous 
census,  26j  quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 
graphic dtvudons,  28;  by  apparatus  of 
capture,  32;  by  states,  43. 

— —  porpoise,  comparison  with  previous 
census,  26;  quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  28;  by  apparatus  of 
capture,  32;  by  states,  43.  fi^ee  ate  Hides, 
|>elts,  and  skins. 

Hides,  pelts,  and  skins,  comparison  with 
previous  census,  26. 

Hogfish.   S^e  Pigfish.  or  hogfish. 

Hongkong,  imports  of  fishery  prodnds,  292, 
293. 

Hoop  nets.   See  Fyke  and  hoop  nets. 
Hwse  mackerel.  See  Albaooie,  or  borse 
mackerel. 

Idaho,  persons  employed,  not  including 

shoresmen,  18. 
Ulinois,  summary  of  fisheries,  13;  persons 
employed,  not  including  shoresmen,  18; 
value  of  apparatus  of  capture,  21;  quan- 
tity and  value  of  products,  25, 34;  detailed 
statistics,  113-120. 
Imports,  comparison  with  exports,  288;  value 
of,  288,  290,  292;  by  kind  of  product,  292; 
by  country  from  which  imp<xted.  292, 293. 
Independent  fishermen.  See  Ptopneton  and 


iiutependent  fishermen 
bdfuik,  sd 


,  stkmmary  of  fisheries,  13;  persons 
etUfioyed,  not  including  shoresmen,  18; 
«||aafay^d^value^^^oducte,  25,  34; 

■  7««8»— U  21 


Iowa,  summary  of  fisheries,  13;  persons  em- 
ployed,  not  including  shoresmen,  18; 

auantity  and  value  of  prodnclm  ^  M; 
etailed  statistics,  124-126. 
Irish  moss,  quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  28;  by  ai^acatus  of  cap- 
ture, 32;  by  states,  44. 
Italy,  impocta  of  fi^iety  pndaeti,  292,  293. 

Jack-fish.   See  Amber-fish,  or  jack-fish. 

Japan,  imports  of  fishery  products,  292,  293. 

Jewfish,  or%in  of  name,  9;  quantity  and 
value,  by  geographic  divisions,  27 ;  by  ap- 
paratus of  capture,  30;  by  states,  37. 

Jurel,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  27;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  30; 
bystatss,  87. 


Kansas,  persons  employed,  not  including 
shoresmen,  18;  quantity  and  value  of 
products,  25,  34;  fisheries  of,  126,  127. 

Kentucky,  summary  of  fisheries,  13;  persons 
employed,  not  including  shoresmen,  18; 
quantity  and  value  of  produdiv  ^ 
detailed  sUtistics,  127-130. 

King  crabs.   See  Crabs. 

Kingfish,  origin  of  name,  9.  See  alto  Whit- 
ingand  kingfiah. 

Labrador.  See  Canada,  Newfoundland,  and 

Labrador. 

Ladyfish,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  27;  by  ai^paatna of  capture,  90; 

by  states,  37. 
Lake  Erie,  persons  employed,  12,16;  Ci^tel, 

and  value  of  products,  12. 
Lake  Erie  district,  fiflhcnry  products  of,  172, 

206,  220,  231. 
Lake  herring.   See  Herring. 
Lake  Huron,  persons  employed,  12, 16;  oq[>- 

ital,  and  value  of  products,  12. 
Lake  Huron  district,  fishery  products  of,  171. 
Lake  Michigan,  persons  employed,  12,  16; 

capital,  and  value  of  products,  12. 
Lake  Michigan  district,  fisbcsy  moducts  of, 

119,123,170,275,278. 
Lake  Ontario,  including  Niagara  and  St. 

Lawrence  Rivers,  persons  employed,  12, 

16;  capital,  and  value  of  products,  12. 
Lake  Ontario  district,  fishery  products  of, 

207. 

Lake  St.  Clair  and  St.  Clair  and  Detroit 
Rivers,  persons  employed,  12,  16;  capital, 

and  value  of  products,  12. 
Lake  St.  Clair  district,  fishery  products  of, 
172. 

Lake  Superior,  persons  employed,  12,  16; 

capital,  and  value  of  products,  12. 
Lake  Superior  district,  fishery  products  of, 

171,  178,  276,  279. 
Lake  trout.    See  Trout. 
Lines,  hand,  trawl,  and  set,  value,  21,  22; 

quantity  and  value  of  products  caught  by, 

by  geographic  divisions,  29;  by  species, 

30;  by  states,  45. 
Ling,  or  eelpout^  quantity  and  value,  by 

geographic  divisions,  27;  by  apparatus  of 

capture,  30;  by  states,  37. 
Livers,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 

divisions,  28;  by  ^pMatUSoI  capt^,  32; 

by  states,  43. 
Lobster,  rank  in  value,  24;  c(miparison  with 

Erevious  census,  26^  quantity  and  value, 
y  geographic  divisions,  28 ;  by  apparatus 
of  capture,  32;  by  states,  41;  detailedsta- 
tistics regarding,  61;  imports,  by  country 
from  which  imported,  292. 
 spiny,  comparison  with  previous  cen- 
sus, 26;  quantity  and  value,  oy  geographic 
divisions,  28;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  32; 
by  states,  41;  detailed  statistics  regard- 
ing, 62. 

Long  Island  Sound,  fishery  produc  ts  of,  206. 
Louisiana,  summary  of  fisheries,  l.'J;  persons 

employed,  not  includii^  shoresmen,  18; 

qiai^ay  and  <valae  df  products,  25,  84; 


detailed  statistics,  130-137;  canning  and 
preserving,  fish  and  oysters,  value  of 
•y-products,  282;  oystera  canned,  28S; 
ahruop  and  prawn  preserved,  286. 

Mackerel,  rank  in  value,  24;  quantity  and 
value,  by  geographic  divisions,  27;  by 
apparatus  of  capture,  30;  by  states,  37: 
detailed  statistics  regarding,  62;  canned 
and  preserved,  value,  by  geographic  divi- 
sions, 281,  287;  by  method  of  treatment, 
286,  287;  quantity,  287:  exports  of,  291; 
imports,  by  comtiy  mm  wUdh  im- 
ported, 292. 

 Spanish,  quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  28;  by  appanitua  of 
otpture,  32;  by  states,  39. 

Maine,  summary  of  fisheries,  13;  persons 
employed,  not  including  shoresmen,  18; 
capital,  19;  value  of  apparatus  of  capture, 
21;  quantity  and  value  of  products,  25,  34; 
detaued  statistics,  138-145;  canning  and 
preserving,  fish  and  oysters,  value  of  by- 
products, 282;  sardines  pa^ed,  284;  cod 
packed,  284,  285. 

Market  oysters.   See  Oysters. 

Maryland,  summary  of  fisheries,  12,  13; 
persons  employed,  not  including  shores- 
men, 18;  capital,  19;  value  of  apparatus 
of  capture,  21;  quanti^  and  value  of 
products,  25,  34;  detailed  statistics^ 
145-152;  canning  and  preserving,  fish  and 
oysters,  value  of  by-products,  282;  oysters 
canned,  285. 

Massachusetts,  summary  of  fisheries,  13; 
persons  employed,  not  including  ohows- 
men,  18;  capital,  19;  value  of  apparatus 
I  of  capture,  21;  quantity  and  value  <^ 
products,  25,  34;  detailed  statistics,  152- 
164;  canning  and  preserving,  fish  and  oys- 
ters, value  of  by-products,  282;  sardines 
packed,  284;  cod  packed,  284,  286; 
shrimp  and  prawn  preserved,  286. 

Menhaden,  origin  of  name,  9j  rank  in  value, 
24;  comparison  with  previous  census,  26; 
quantity  and  value,  by  goofiraphic  divi- 
sions, 27;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  30;  by 
states,  97;  detailed  atatiatica  Mcaitl^, 
63. 

Moihaden  fisheriee,  compariaon  with  fiamtt 

censuses,  10. 

Mexico,  value  of  exports  of  domestic  fishery 
products  to,  291;  of  imports,  292,  293. 

Michigan,  summary  of  fisheries,  13;  peraons 
employe<l.  not  including  shoresmen,  18; 
capital,  19;  value  of  apparatus  of  capture, 
21;  quantity  and  value  of  pioduct[L»,  34; 
detailedstatistics,  165-173. 

Middle  Atlantic  states,  fisheries  of,  11;  peik> 
sons  cmployod.  salaries,  and  Wl^as,  li. 

Mink  skins.    See  Skins. 

Minnesota,  summary  of  fisheries,  13;  per- 
sons employed,  not  including  shoresmen, 
18;  quantity  and  value  of  products,  25, 34; 
detailed  statistics,  173-178. 

Minnows,  quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  27;  by  appantWB  of 
capture,  30;  by  states,  37. 

MissLssippi,  summary  of  fisheries,  13;  per- 
sons employed,  not  including  shoresmen, 
18;  quantity  and  value  of  products,  25, 34: 
detailed  statistics,  178-184;  canning  and 
preserving,  fish  and  oysters,  value  of  by- 
products, 282;  oysters  canned, 288;slHiBp 
and  prawn  preserved,  286. 

Mississippi  River  district,  fishery  producta 
of,  118,  130,  136,  177,  183,  187,  245,  275. 

MisBissi])pi  River  divisum,  summary  of 
statistics,  11;  persons  employed,  salaries, 
and  wages,  by  main  branches  of  industry, 
14;  per  cent  of  persons  engaged  in  fishing, 
15;  capital  invested  in  vessels  and  boats, 
20,  22,  23;  average  tonnage  of  vessels,  21, 
23;  number,  23;  products,  by  species,  26; 
by  €Mm  of  Merles  and  apparatua  «f  ( 


a22 


INDEX. 


tare,  29:  cannin<r  and  preserving,  fish  and 
qyirt^,  summary,  by  geographic  divisions, 
ni ;  \-alue  of  proiductf.  287 .  See  also  Great 
t^kea  and  Miasiseippi  River  divkuMis. 

Manvi,  wimmary  of  fisheries,  IS;  persons 
9mfitjtA,  mat  mduding  shoresmen,  18; 
^■■■titi  sad  Talne  of  products,  25,  34; 
detailed  statistics,  185-187. 

MidK)uri  River  district,  fishery  products  of, 
126,  187. 

jiollnAa,  pounds  ol  meat        bushel,  9; 
m  value,  M;  eMpHMi  vift  pve- 
eBBi»,26. 

petBoofl  employed,  not  including 
diore«men,  18. 
Mpnnfi  h,  angel-fish,  or  spadefish,  quantity 
and  value,  by  geographic  divisions,  27; 
by  apparatus  of  capture,  30;  by  states,  37. 
Motor  Doat^.   See  Steam  and  motw  boats. 
IhiHit,  nnk  in  value,  24;  quanti^  and 
ynAmt,  by  geographic  dtvisians,  27;  by 
apparatus  of  capture,  30;  by  states,  37; 
detailed  statistics  regarding,  64;  canned 
and  preserv  ed,  value,  by  methcxi  of  treat- 
ment, 286,  287jby  geographic  divisions, 
287;  quantity,  187. 
Mu^allim^^  quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 
graphic mrinons,  27;  by  appamtnaoif  cap- 
ture, 30:  by  states.  38. 
Mu^rat  skins.    See  Skins. 
Mussel  shells.   See  Shells. 

I  shells,  pearls,  and  slugs,  rank  in  value 
'pnduct,  24;  comparison  with  previous 
,  26.        aiso  Peaik  and  uugB. 
pounds  of  meat  per  bushel,  9; 
quantity  and  value,  by  geographic  di- 
visions. 28:  by  apparatus  "of  capture,  32;  by 
states,  42;  detailed  statlxtics  regarding,  65. 
MrttoD-fish,  quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 
^ic  di\'i3ion8, 27;_by 
, »;  by 


les.  confusion  in  regard  to,  9. 
Nebraska,  persons  employed,  not  including 
shoresmen,  18;  quantity  and  vaiavw 
products.  25.  34;  fidienes  oi,  188. 
Netherianda,  %MMrti  «f  flMnr  BWJtls, 
2K,293. 

HlkL  vahM  of  all  dasses,  21;  quantity  and 
value  of  products  cam^  ty,  bgr  fft^ 

graphic  divisions,  29. 
 tyke  and  hoop,  rank  in  apparatus  of  cap- 
ture, 21;  number  and  value,  22;  quantity 
and  value  ol  jHoducts  cau^t  by,  by  geo- 
^phic  diTinooB,  29;  by  qiecifla,  31;  by 
■lates,  44. 

 gill,  rank  in  apparatus  of  capture,  21; 

numb^and  value,  22;  quantity  and  value 
of  products  caught  by.  by  geographic  divi- 
sioDs,  29;  by  species^  30;"  by  states,  44. 
 trammel,  niunber  and  value,  22;  quan- 
tity and  value  pt  ixoducts  caught  by,  by 
aeog^aphic  divisiuuB,  29;  by  species,  31; 
by  states,  45.  Set  aba  Mad  mgbt,  ttmp 
nets,  and  weirs. 
Nevada,  persons 
shoresmen,  18. 
New  England  states,  fisheries  of,  11; 

employed,  salaries,  and  wages,  16 
New  Hampslma,  penons  employed,  not  in- 
dadiogoHxesmen,  18;  quantitv  and  value 
ol  products,  25,  34  ;  fisheries  of',  189. 
New  Jersey,  summary  of  fisheries,  13;  per- 
sons employed,  not  including  shoresmen, 
18;  quantity  and  value  of  products,  25, 34; 
detailed  statistics,  189-195;  ^pnv  and 
pnaemn^,  IMi  and  oysten,  'VMiw  of  by- 
products, 282. 
New  Mexico,  persons  employed,  not  includ- 
ing shoresmen,  18. 
Hew  York,  eummarj-  of  fisheries,  13;  persona 
emploved,  not  including  shoresmen,  18; 
capital,  19;  value  of  apparatus  of  capture, 
&*  qwHtity  and -vafaw  of  products,  25, 34; 


vet  «f  canneries  and  packing  houses,  283; 
rank  in  value,  283;  sardines  packed,  284. 
Newfoundland.  See  Canada,  Newfound- 
land ,  and  Labrador  and  Newfoundland  and 
Labrador. 

Newfoundland  and  Labrador,  imports  ol 
fishery  products,  292,  293.  See  Mto  Can- 
ada, Newfoundland,  and  Labrador. 

Niagara  River.  See  Lake  Ontario,  including 
Niagara  and  St.  Lawrence  Rivers. 

North  America,  value  of  exports  of  domestic 
fishery  products  to  conntriee  of,  891;  <rf 
tnuwrts,  293. 

Nora  Caidina,  summary  of  fisheries,  13; 
persons  employed,  not  including  shores- 
men, 18;  value  of  apparatus  of  capture,  21; 

auantity  and  value  of  products,  25,  34; 
etailed  statistics,  211-217;  canning  and 
preserving,  fish  and  oyaten,  value  of  by- 
products, 282;  oysten  canned,  285. 
North  Dakota,  pawns  employed,  not  in- 
cluding shoresmen,  18. 
Norway,  imports  of  fishery  products,  292, 

293.   See  also  Norway  and  Sweden. 
Norw^  and  Sweden,  imports  of  fishery 
pwuiMifc^  tH,  89$  aba  Bwadm. 

Oceania,  value  of  exports  of  domestic  fish- 
ery products  to,  291;  of  imports,  293. 
Ohio,  summary  of  firfieries,  13;  persons  em- 
ployed, not  including  shoresmen,  18; 
value  of  apparatus  of  capture,  21;  quan- 
tity and  value  of  prodwtl^  2ft,  S4;  detailed 
statistics,  217-221. 
Ohio  River  district,  iAsfy  prodnets  of,  118, 

123,  129,  221. 
Oil,  value,  by  geographic  divisions,  281,  282; 

by  states,  282. 
  fish,  (quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  28;  by  apparatus  of 
capture,  32;  by  states,  43;  experts  of,  291. 
 porpoise,  quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  28;  by  iqppanitua  of 
capture,  32;  by  states,  43. 

 sea-elephant,  quantity  and  value,  by 

get^raphic  divisions,  28;  by  apparatus  of 
capture,  32;  by  states,  44. 

 seal,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 

divisions,  28;  by  i^ipantoa  of  capture,  S2; 


by  states,  44. 

  sperm,  quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  28;  by  apiranitiiB  of 
capture,  32;  by  states,  44. 

 whale,  comparison  with  previous  cen- 
sus, 26;  quantity  and  value,  byge(^;raphic 
divisions,  28;  by  apparatus  of  capttue, 
32;  by  stotes,  44;  exports  of,  291. 

 whale  and  fish,  imports,  by  country 

from  which  imported,  98.  8m  tim  Fer- 
tilizer, oil,  and  glue. 

Oklahoma,  persons  employed,  not  including 
dioieamen,  18;  quantity  and  value  of 
products,  25,  34;  fisheries  <rf,  221. 

Oi^;on,  summary  of  fisheries,  13;  persons 
employed,  not  including  shoresmen,  18; 
value  of  apparatus  of  capture,  21;  quan- 
tity and  value  of  products,  25,  34;  de- 
tailed statistics,  221-225;  canning  and 
preserving,  fish  and  oystens,  value  of  by- 
products, ^2;  salmon  product  of  canneries 
and  packing  houses,  283;  rank  in  lidne, 
283;  oysters  canned,  285. 

Otter  skins.    See  Skins. 

Outfit,  use  of  term,  20;  value,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  23 .  See  also  Apparatus  of 
capture  and  outfit  and  YeeseU  and  boats, 
includji^  outfit. 

Oyster  fisheries,  om^HiMai  with  iwiii 
censuses,  10. 

Oysters,  pounds  of  meat  per  bushel,  9; 
length  of  season,  17;  rank  in  value,  24; 
comparison  with  previous  cenaoa,  26;  de- 
tailed statistics  r^arding,  66:  canned  and 
reserved,  value,  by  gepgrapnic  divisicms, 
Sn,  SKT;  hf  stitMb  886;  hf  atttwd  «f 


treatment,  286,  287;  qnnt^,  881, 
exports  of,  291. 
Oysters,  market,  from  private  and  public 
iMWMj  quantity  and  valtie,  bv  geographic 
dhrnons,  28;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  32; 
by  states,  42 


—  seed,  from  private  and  public  areas, 
quantity  and  value,  by  geographic  divi- 
sions, 28;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  32; 


Pkdfic  ooart  district,  fishwy  products  of. 

225.  J  y  , 

Pacific  coast  division,  summary  of  statis- 
tics, 11;  persons  employed,  salaries,  and 
wages,  by  main  branches  of  industry,  14; 
per  cent  of  persons  engaged  in  fishing,  15; 
capital  invested  in  vessels  and  boats,  20, 
22,  23;  average  tonnage  of  vessels,  21,  23; 
number,  23;  products,  by  species,  26;  by 
class  of  fisheries  and  apparatus  of  capture, 
29;  canning  and  preserving,  fish  and 
oysters,  summary,  by  geographic  divi- 
sions, 281;  value  of  products,  281,  287; 
ol  by-products,  282;  quantity  and  value 
of  sslmon,  283;  cod  packed,  284,  285; 
oysters  canned,  285. 

Pacific  Ocean  district,  fishery  products  of, 
268,  270. 

Paddlefish,  quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  27;  by  tspptatm  of 
capture,  30;  by  states.  38. 

Peaii  fishmg,  meflmd  of,  06. 

Pearls  and  slugs,  value,  by  geographic  divi- 
sions, 28:  by  apparatus  of  capture,  32;  by 
states,  4l  «w  aba  MomI  iMh,  peiri( 
and  slugs. 

Pelts.  See  Hides,  pdts,  and  skins. 

Pennsylvania,  summary  of  fidieries,  13; 
penons  employed,  not  including  shores- 
men, 18;  value  of  apparatus  of  capture,  21; 

auantity  and  value  of  products,  25,  34; 
etailed  statistics,  225-231;  cod  packed, 
284.  See  also  Susquehanna  River  fish- 
eries. 

Poch,  origin  of  name,  9;  quantity  and 
YBliie,  by  geographic  divisionB,  27;  by 
apparatus  oTcapture,  30. 

 pike,  rank  in  value,  24;  quantity  and 

value,  by  geographic  divisions,  27;  by 
apparatus  of  capture,  30;  by  states,  38; 
detailed  statistics  r^aiding,  68;  frotm 
and  fresh,  quantity  ami  value,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  2187. 

 white,  quaati^  and  ydn^  1^  atataL 

38. 

 yellov,  qnaatilj  and  ydm,  bjr  italM, 

38.  .  " 

Permit,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  27;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  30; 
by  atates,  38. 

Persons  employed,  number,  by  geography; 
divisions,  11,  14;  in  Atlantic  coast  divi- 
sion, 11,  16;  in  states  on  ChesapeakeJBay, 
12,  16;  on  Great  Lakes,  12,  16;  salaries 
and  wages,  by  geographic  divisions  and  by 
main  bzaiiches  of  industry,  14j  per  cent 
distribution,  15;  comparison  with  former 
censuses,  18;  detailed  statistics,  by  atatas, 
79-279. 

Persons  em]do^fed,  not  including  shores- 
men, comparison  with  former  censuses,  18; 
detailed  statistics,  by  states,  79-279. 
Pickerel.   See  Pike  and  pickerel. 
Pig^fish,  or  h(^fish,  origin  of  name,  9;  quan- 
tity and  value,  by  geographic  divisions,  27 ; 
by  apparatus  of  capture,  SO;  by  states,  38. 
Pike,  Sacramento,  quantity  and  value,  by 
geographic  divisions,  27;  by  apparatus  of 
capture,  30;  by  states,  38. 
Pike  and  pickerel,  quantity  and  value,  by 
geographic  diviaioiiB,  27;  by  appantoi  of 
capture.  30;  by  states,  38. 
Pikeperdi.  ;S«e  Perch. 

8t$  Siflic'adMrfea,  or  1 


INDEX 


Pollack,  rank  in  value,  2i\  quantity  and 
value,  by  geographic  divisions,  27;  by  ap- 
paratofl  of  capture,  30;  by  states,  38;  de- 
tailed statistics  regarding,  69;  canned  and 
preserved,  value,  oy  ge<»raphic  divisions, 
281,  287;  by  method  of  treatment,  286, 
287;  quantity,  287.  See  alao  Cod,  had- 
dock, nake,  and  pollack. 

Pomnano,  origin  of  name,  10;  quantity  and 
▼alue,  by  geographic  divisions,  27;  by  ap- 
paratus of  capture,  30;  by  states,  38. 

Pori^,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  27;  by^ipanitaaelcaptare,30; 
bystates,  38. 

Ponmh,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  27;  by  appamtua  oi  captare, 
30;  by  states,  38. 

Porpoise  hides.   See  Hides. 

Porpoise  oil.   See  Oil. 

Fortogid,  iaporia  ol  fidiery  pndadi,  892, 


Poteand  traps,  number  and  value,  22;  quan- 
tity and  value  of  products  caught  by,  by 
geographic  divisions,  29;  by  species,  31; 
by  states,  45. 

Pound  nets,  trap  nets,  and  weirs,  variation 
in  value,  21 ;  rank  in  apparatus  of  capture, 
21:  number  and  value,  22;  quantity  and 
valueof  productscaughtby,  by  geographic 
diviriooB,  29;  by  spedes,  30;  by  ^ntes. 

Prawn.   See  Shrimp  and  prawn. 

Preserving.   See  Canning  and  preserving. 

Products,  comparison  with  former  censuses, 
10;  value,  by  geographic  divisions,  11,  22, 
29;  by  Atlantic  coast  state  groups,  11;  in 
states  on  Chesapeake  Bay,  12;  on  Great 
Lakes,  12;  by  commarial  fisheries,  19;  by 
species,  24,  26,  30,  34;  by  states,  25,  34, 44, 
79-279;  by  general  classes,  26;  by  class  of 
fisheries,  29;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  29, 
30,  44;  detailed  statistics,  47-78;  canning 
and  preserving,  fish  and  oysters,  by  kind, 
881;  quantity  and  value,  281,  282,  287; 
values  of  imports  and  exports,  288;  ex- 
ports, by  kind,  291;  by  country  to  which 
exported,  291;  imports,  by  kind  and  coun- 
try from  which  imported,  292.  See  also 
Fishery  products  and  Food  products. 

Ph)perty.  See  Sban  and  aceossory  property 

Praprietns  and  independent  fishermen,  use 

of  term,  14;  numb^,  by  geographic  divi- 
sions and  by  main  branches  of  industry, 
14;  in  Atlantic  coast  division,  16;  percent 
distribution  and  per  cent  ot  total  persons 
employed,  15;  datifled  atatlrtlcB,  by 
states,  79-279. 

)  seines.  See  Seines. 


Bakes.  See  Dredges,  tongs,  rakes,  etc. 

Razor  dams.  See  Clams. 

Red  snapper.   See  Snapper. 

Bedfish,  or  roeefish;  quantity  and  vafaM,  by 
geographic  divisions,  27;  by  apparatus  of 
capture,  30;  by  stetes,  38. 

Bhode  Island,  summary  of  fisheries,  13;  per- 
sons employed,  not  including  shoresmen, 
18;  value  of  apparatus  of  capture,  21; 

auantity  and  value  of  products,  25,  34; 
etailed  statistics,  231r-28B. 
Bock  bass.  See  Bass. 

Bockfish,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  27;  by  appaatoa  of  ca^uie,  SO; 

by  states,  88.  — ir— 

Roe.   See  Alewives  and  roe. 

Rosefish.   See  Redfish. 

Round  robin,  quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  27;  byappa»toB<tt  otp- 
ture,  30;  by  states,  88. 

Bowboats.  /S«e  Boats. 


Sacramento  pike.  See 
Sailboats.  See  Boats. 


Sailor's  choice,  or  pinfish,  quantity  and 
value,  by  geographic  divisions,  27;  by  ap- 
paratus of  capture,  30;  by  states,  39. 

St.  Clair  River.  See  Lake  St.  CUa  and  St. 
Clair  and  Detroit  Rivers. 

St.  Lawrence  River.  See  Lake  Ontario,  in- 
cluding Niagara  and  St.  Lawrence  Rivers. 

Salaried  employees,  number,  by  geographic 
divisions  and  by  main  branches  of  indus- 
try, 14;  in  Atlantic  coast  division,  16;  per 
cent  distribution  and  per  cent  of  total  per- 
sons employed,  15;  detailed  statistics,  by 
states,  79-279. 

Salaries,  amount,  by  geographic  divisions 
and  by  nuun  bnmdifla  of  industry,  14;  in 
Atlantic ooMtdiviiiott,  li;  bystates,  7^ 
279.  f—* 

Salmon,  rank  in  value,  24;^  quantity  and 
value,  by  geographic  divitdons,  27;  by  ap- 
paratus of  capture,  30;  by  states,  39;  de- 
tailed statistics  r^;arding,  69;  canned  and 
•preserved,  value,  by  geographic  divisions, 
281,  287;  by  states,  283;  by  method  of 
treatment,  283,  286,  287;  quantity,  281, 
287;  exports  of,  291;  imports,  by  OQOntqr 
from  which  imported,  292. 

Salt-water  herring.   5ec  Herring. 

Sardines,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  27;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  30; 
bystates,  39;  canned  and  preserved,  value, 
by  geographic  divisions,  281,  287;  by 
states,  283,  284;  by  method  of  treatment, 
286,  287;  quantity,  281,  287.  Sm  alto 
Anchovies  and  sardines. 

Scallop  rims.   See  Scallops  and  scallop  rims. 

Scallops,  pounds  of  meat  per  bushel,  9; 
(quantity  and  value,  by  geographic  di\'i- 
sions,  28;  by  states,  42.  See  alao  Scallops 
and  scallop  rims. 

Scallops  and  scallop  rims,  comparison  with 
previous  crasus,  26;  quantity  and  value, 
by  geographic  divisions,  28;  byappantos 
of  capture,  32;  by  states,  42. 

Scup,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  27;  by  apparatus  01  captaie,  30; 
by  states,  39. 

Sea  bass.   See  Bass. 

Sea  grass,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  28;  by  appaaatnaof  a^tm^  88; 

by  states,  44. 
Sea  robin,  quantity  and  v^lue,  by  geographic 

divisions,  27;  by  apparatus  of  captON^  80; 

by  states,  39. 
Sea-elephant  oil.  See  OiL 
Sealoif.   -Sec  Oil. 
Seal  skins.   See  Skins. 
Seed  oysters.   See  Oysters. 
Seines,  rank  in  apparatus  of  capture,  21; 

number  and  value,  22;  quantity  and 

valueof  productscaughtby,  by  geographic 

divi.sions,  29;  by  species,  30;  by  states,  44. 
 haul,  rank  in  apparatus  of  capture,  21; 

number  and  value,  22. 
 purse,  rank  in  apparatus  of  captore,  21; 

number  and  value,  22. 
Shad,  origin  of  name,  9;  rank  in  value,  24; 

quantity  and  value,  by  geographic  diW- 

sions,  27;  by  apparatu/of  capture,  30;  by 

states,  39;  detailed  statistics  regarding, 

71;  frosen  and  fresh,  quantity  aadvahie, 

bygec^phic  divisions,  287. 
— — hickory,  origin  of  name,  9;  quantity 

and  value,  by  geographic  divisions,  27; 

by  apparatiis  of  capture,  30;  by  states,  37. 
Shark,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 

divisions,  27;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  32; 

by  states,  39. 
Sheepahead,  origin  of  name,  9;  quantity 

ana  value,  by  geographic  divisions,  27; 

by  apparatus  of  capture,  38;  ter  atates^  89. 
Shellfish,  experts  of,  291. 
Shells,  mussel,  comparison  with  previous 

census,  26;  quantity  and  viUnai,  by  geo- 


graphic divisions,  28;  by  apparatus  of 
capture,  32;  by  states,  43.  ffaiiMwM— ai 

shells,  pearls,  and  slugs. 

Shore  and  acce.-^sory  property,  use  of  term,  19; 
value,  by  commercial  fisheries,  19.  Seealto 
Shore  and  accessory  propnty  and  cash. 

Shore  and  accessory  .prnMrtir  and  cash, 
value,  by  geograi^  mvMnis,  11,  22; 
by  .\tlantic  coast  state  groups,  11;  in 
states  on  Chesapeake  Bay,  12;  on  Great 
Lakes,  12.    .See  a /so  Cash." 

Shore  and  boat  fisheries,  salaries  and  wages, 
14,  l(j;  persons  employed,  14;  per  cent  of 
total  number,  15;  number,  in  Atlantic 
coast  division,  16;  in  Chesapeake  Bay  dis- 
trict, 16;  capital  invested  in,  19;  average 
tonnage  of  vessels,  21,  23;  number  and 
value  of  apparatus  of  capture,  22;  of  prod- 
ucts, 29;  detailed  statistics,  by  states. 
79-279.  ^ 

Shoresmen,  use  of  term,  14;  salaries  and 
wages,  14,  16;  number  employed,  14;  per 
cent  of  total  number,  15;  number,  in 
Atlantic  coast  division,  16;  in  Chesapeake 
Bay  district,  16. 

Shrimp  and  other  shellfish  (except  lobster) 
and  turtles,  imparts,  by  country  from 
which  imported,  292.   See  alto  Turtles. 

Shrimp  and  prawn,  rank  in  value,  24;  com- 
parison with  previous  census,  26;  quantity 
and  value,  by  geographic  divisions,  28;  by 
apparatus  of  capture,  32;  by  states,  41; 
detailed  statistics  r^rding,  72;  canned 
and  preserved,  value,  by  geographic  divi- 
sions, 281,  287;  by  states,  285;  by  method 
of  treatment,  286,  287;  quantity,  281,  287. 

Silver  hake.   See  Hake. 

Skates,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  27;  by  lOT—rtnaof  cnpfre,  tfc 
by  states,  39. 

Skins,  detailed  statistics  regarding,  73. 

 mink,  comparison  with  previous  cen- 
sus, 26;  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  28;  byappaBtiMofcMt«nb88: 
by  states,  43.  * 

 muskrat,   comparison   with  previous 

census,  26;  quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  28;  byMmaatiMof  cap- 
ture, 32;  bystates,  43. 

 otter,  comparison  widi  previous  census, 

88:  jpnmtity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  28;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  32; 
by  states,  43. 

 seal,  comparison  with  previous  census, 

26;  quantity  and  value,  by  geograjduc  divi- 
sions, 28;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  32;  by 
states,  43.  See  also  Hides,  pelts,  and  skins. 

Slides.   See  'VSTieels  and  slides. 

Slugs.  See  Peiirls  and  slugs  and  Mussel 
shflls,  ])carls,  and  slugs. 

Smelt,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  28;  by  appaatoa  el  capture,  88: 
bystates,  39.  r      ,  , 

Snapper,  rank  in  value,  24;  q^uantity  and 
value,  by  geographic  divisions,  28;  by 
apparatus  of  capture.  32;  by  states,  39; 
detailed  stati-^tics  reijardiiig,  74. 

 ;•  red,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 

divisions,  28;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  32; 
by  states,  39;  Waoi^a^  rtntintim  nginiiifc 

Soft  clams.   See  Clams. 
Soft  crabs.    See  Crabs. 

Sounds,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  28;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  32; 
by  states,  43;  imports,  by  country  nom 
which  inqported,  292. 

South  America,  value  of  exports  of  domestic 
fisher>'  products  to,  201;  of  imports,  2f)3. 

South  Atlantic  states,  fisheries  of,  11;  per- 
sons employed,  salaries,  and  wages,  16. 

South  Carolina,  summary  of  fiisheries,  13; 
persons  employed,  not  includiug  shorea- 
aBan.18;  quantity  and  valMefpndnclib 


;  detailed  statistics,  lS7-Sfl;  eysters 


South  Dakota,  persons  employed,  not  in- 
cludiiw  ahoroamea,  18;    quantity  and 


fi?h. 

Spain,  imports  of  fishery  prodoclB,  282,  293. 
SpanL<h  mackerel.    See  ^lackenl. 
Speari".    See  Harpoons,  speio^  Vie. 
Sperm  oil.   See  Oil. 
"    "  SecCzabs. 

Am  Lobster. 
_  -value,  22;  quantity  and 
F  prodnets  caught  by,  by  geographic 
di\"i?ionj<,  29. 
Sponge  fisheries,  comparison  with  former 

censure:',  10. 
^iMges,  imnk  in  value,  24;  comparison  with 
mmimm  census,  26;  quantity  and  value, 
Igrgnsnphic  diviaioDs,  28;  by  apparatus 
m  ca^ure,  32;  by  states,  43;  detailed 
■tatiBtics  regarding,  74;  exports  of,  291; 
imports,  by  country  from  which  imported, 
293. 

Spot,  quantity  and  value,  bv  geographic 
divisMns,  28;  IqriffantMKtaqMn^  tZ; 

by  states,  39. 
Squeteague,  rank  in  value,  24;  quantity  and 
>-alue,  by  geographic  divisions,  28;  by 
apparatus  of  capture,  32;  by  states,  40; 
detailed  statistics  refflurding,  74. 
S%iud,  compaiison  with  previous  census,  26; 
itiih^  and  Tahie,  by  geographic  divi- 
a;  byi^npMatDBat  ci4ptiiM,32;  by 


fctes.  fisheries  by,  13, 25, 47-78;  persons  em- 
ployed, 18;  capital,  19;  value  oi  apparatus 
oi  capture,  21;  detail  summary,  34;  prod- 
ucts, by  apparatus  of  capture,  44;  detailed 
statistics,  79-279;  canning  and  preserving, 
iriiand  ojrstco,  'valued  b;y-iHoduct8, 282; 
■iBon  fvodnct  of  caimenca  and  packiiu 
houses,  283;  sardines  packed,  284;  cod 
packed,  2S4,  285;  oysters  canned,  285; 
shrimp  and  prawn  preserved,  286. 
Steam  and  motor  boats.   See  Boats. 
Stone  crabs.   See  Crabs. 
Steawbeny  bass.  See  rianjag  aad  atmw- 

bcRjr  ban. 
Strij>fd  bai¥.    See  Bass. 
StuigeoDii,  quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  28;  by  apparatus  of  cap- 
ture, 32;  by  states,  40;  detailed  statistics 
Rgaiding,  75;  smoked,  and  frozen  and 
qaaatitj  and  value,  gaopiphic 
287.  Set  dM  Stuneons  and 


caviar. 

Sturgeons  and  caviar,  canned  and  preserved, 
value,  by  geographic  divisions,  281,  287; 
by  method  of  treatment,  286,  287;  quan- 
tity, 287.   See  alto  Caviar. 
SacUB,  quantity  and  value,  by  ge(^;raidiic 
virion,  28;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  32; 
by  states,  40. 
Sunfish.   See  Bream  and  sunfish. 
Surf  clams.    See  Clams. 
Surf-fish,  ot  viviparous  perch,  origin  of  name, 
9'  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic  divi- 

 28;  by  apparatus  of  captiue,  32;  by 

40. 


)uel 
of,  231 

Susquehanna  River  fisheries,  persons  em- 
pfeyed,  12,  16;  capital,  and  value  of 
pnducta,  12. 

SvedcB,  iiporta  oi  firiiofy  products,  292. 
See  mbo  Norway  and  Sweden. 

Swordfish,  qujuitity  and  value,  by  geo- 
graphic diviooDo,  28;  by  apparatus  of 


TantO|;,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  28;  hy  appanttiiB  Mcaptare,  32; 

by  states,  40. 
Tennessee,  summary  of  fisheries,  13;  persons 

employed,  not  including  shoresmen,  18; 

quantity  and  value  of  produeli»  Sft,  M; 

detailed  statistics,  242-245. 
Tenneaaee  Kver.  8m  Caadberiand  Mid 

Tennessee  Rivers. 
Terrapin,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 

divisions,  28;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  32; 

by  states,  43.  See  also  Terrapin  and  turtles. 
Terrapin  and  turtles,  comparison  with  pte- 

vious  census,  26.   See  also  Turtles. 
Texas,  summary  of  fisheries,  13;  persons  em- 
ployed, not  including  shoresmen,  18; 

Quantity  and  value  of  products,  25,  34; 
etailed  statistics,  245-250. 
Tomcod,  quantity  and  value,  bv  geographic 
divisions,  28;  by  i^vamtaaoicapCm,  82; 
by  states,  40. 
Tongs.  See  Predgee,  tongs,  rakes,  etc. 
Tonnage,  by  classes  of  vessda,      liy  (W- 

graphic  divisions,  21,  23. 
Trammel  nets.   See  Nets. 
Transporting  vessels.  See  Vessels. 
Trap  netL  Am  ftaOBd  aelm  IH^  Mti,  and 


Traps.  See  Pots  and  traps. 

Trout,  use  of  term,  9. 

brook,  quantity  and  value,  by  geo- 


graphic divisions,  28;  byi 
ture,  32;  by  states,  40. 

lake,  rank  in  value,  24;  quantity  and 


value,  by  seographic  divisions,  28;  by 
apparatus  cl  capture,  32;  by  states,  40; 

detailed  statistics  regarding,  60. 
Turtles,  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  28;  by  apparatus  oi  capture,  32; 
by  states,  43.  See  also  Teixapin  and  tur- 
tles ^iruf  Shrimp  and  oAcr  mMUk  (tat- 
cept  lobster)  and  turtles. 

United  Kingdom,  value  of  exports  of  do- 
mestic fishery  products  to,  291;  of  imports, 
292,  293. 

Utah,  persons  employed,  not  including 
18. 


Venezuela,  imports  of  fishery  products,  292. 
Vermont,  persons  employed,  not  including 

etuxesuMD,  18. 
Vessd  crew,  use  of  term,  14. 

Vessd  fidioies,  salaries  and  wages,  14,  16: 
persons  employed,  14;  per  cent  of  total 
number,  15;  number,  in  Atlantic  coast 
division,  16;  in  Chesapeake  Bay  district, 
16;  capitel  invested  in,  19,  20;  average  ton- 
nage of  THsds,  21,  23;  number  and  value 
of  apparatus  oi  capture,  22;  of  products, 
29;  detailed  statistics,  by  states,  79-279. 
Vessels,  comparison  with  former  censuses, 
10;  use  of  term,  19;  classes  of,  20;  capital 
invested  in,  20, 22;  average  tonnage,  21, 23; 
number  and  value,  bygeographic  divisions, 
23;  detailed  statistics,  by  states,  79-279. 
— —  fishing,  capital  inviested  in,  20,  22: 
average  tonnage,  21,  23;  number  and 
value,  by  geographic  divisions,  23. 

■  transporting,  salaries  and  wages,  14,  16; 

persons  employed,  14;  per  cent  of  total 
number,  15;  number,  m  Atlantic  coast 
divisiffli,  16;  in  Chesapeake  Bay  disteict, 
16;  capital  invested  in,  20,  22;  average 
tonnage,  21,  23;  number  and  value,  by 
ge<»raphic  divisions,  23.  See  also  Vessels, 
including  outfit,  and  Vessels  and  boats, 
including  outfit. 
Vessels,  including  outfit,  capital  invested  in, 

by  geographic  divisions,  22. 
Vessels  and  boats,  including  outfit,  value,  b^ 
geographic  divisuns,   11;  by  Atlantic 


peake  Bay,  12;  on  Great  Lakes,  12;  by 
commercial  fisheries,  19;  detailed  statia* 
tics,  by  states,  79-279.  See  alto  Boats. 

Virginia,  summary  of  fisheries,  13;  persons 
employed,  not  including  shoresmen,  18; 
capital,  19;  value  of  apparatus  of  capture, 
21;  quantity  and  value  of  products,  25, 
34;  detailed  statistics,  251-262;  canning 
and  preserving,  fish  and  oystos.  value  <x 
by-products,  282;  oysters  canned, 

Wage-earners,  number,  by  geographic  divi- 
sions and  by  main  branches  of  industry, 
14;  in  Atlantic  coast  division,  16;  percent 
distribution  and  per  cent  of  total  persons 
employed,  15;  genaal statistics  wgMding, 
17;  by  states,  79-279. 

Wages,  amount,  by  geographic  divisions  and 
by  main  branches  of  industry,  14;  in  At- 
lantic coast  division,  16;  general  itfltittiifli 
r^arding,  17;  by  states,  79-279. 

Washii  igton,  summary  of  fisheries,  IS;  per- 
sons employed,  not  including  ehotesnwD, 
18;  capital,  19;  value  of  apparatus  of  cap- 
ture, 21;  quantity  and  value  of  products, 
25,  34;  detailed  statistics,  262-270;  can- 
ning and  preserving,  fish  and  oysters, 
value  of  by-products,  282;  salmon  product 
of  canneries  and  packing  houses,  283;  tank 
in  value,  283icod  packed,  284,  285;  OQnK 
teiB  canned,  US. 

Weirs.  See  Booad  uulB,  tup  aels,  wd 

weirs. 

West  Indies,  value  of  exports  of  domestic 
fishery  products  to,  291;  of  imports,  292, 
293. 

West  Virginia,  persons  employed,  not  iiH 
eluding  diotesmen,  18;  quantity  and  value 

of  products,  25,  34;  fisheries  of,  270. 

Whale  fisheries,  comparison  with  former  cen- 
suses, 10. 

Whale  oil.  See  OH. 

Whale  jModucts^  quantity  and  value,  24; 
comparison  with  previous  rmm.  26; 
detailed  statistics  regarding,  76. 

WTialebone,  comparison  with  previous  cen- 
sus, 26;  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  28;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  32; 
by  states.  43;  exports  of,  291;  imports,  by 
conn tity  from  which  imported,  293. 

Whaling  ajqiaratus,  quantity  and  value  of 
]»oducts  caught  by,  by  geographk;  divi- 
sions, 29. 

Wheels  and  slides,  number  and  value,  22; 
quantity  and  value  of  products  caught  by, 
by  geographic  divisions,  29;  by  stales,  46. 
WTiite  bass.   See  Bass. 
White  perch.   See  Perch. 
Whitefish,  origin  of  name,  9;  rank  in  value, 
24;  quantity  and  value,  by  geographic 
divisions,  28;  by  apparatus  of  capture,  32; 
by  states,  41;  detailed  statistics  regarding, 
77;  canned  and  preserved,  value,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  281,  287;  by  method  di 
treatment,  286,  287;  quantity,  287. 
Whiting,  origin  of  name,  9.  See  alao  Whiting 

and  kingfish. 
Whiting  and  kingfish,  quantity  and  value, 
by  ge(^phic  divisions,  28;  t^i^paiStWI 
of  capture,  32:  by  states,  41. 
Winkles.   See  CwcMes,  winkles,  and  condis. 
Wisconsin,  sununary  of  fisheries,  13;  persons 
employed,  not  including  shorennen,  18; 
value  of  apparatus  of  capture,  21;  quan- 
tity and  value  of  products,'  25,  34;  de- 
tailed statistics,  270-279. 
Wyoming,  persons  employed,  not  includin^n 
*  "  IS* 


Yellow  perch.  See  Perch. 
Yellowtail,  quantity  and  value,  by 
graphic  divisions,  28;  by  appaniai  of 
8^  bgriMM^  41. 


WV 121994 


4 

S  I 


AUG  28  "^"^'^ 


